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The extensive use of GNSS positioning, combined with the importance of precise geoid heights for transformation between geodetic and orthometric heights, brings up the discussion of the influence of data uncertainties and the use of patameters on these estimates. In this sense, we first analyze the influence of the topographic density values and the data uncertainty on the computation of orthometric and geoid heights in 569 stations of the Brazilian Altimetric Network (stations whose values of geodetic and normal heights, gravity, and geopotential numbers are known), considering the Helmert and Mader methods. Second, we analyze the influence of different parameters (such as topographic density model, topographic models, geopotential models and Stokes kernel modifications) on the gravimetric geoid model determination through the remove-compute-restore technique, adopting the state of São Paulo, Brazil, as a study area. In the first analysis, the results indicate that orthometric heights are more sensitive to density values and to greater heights than to the Helmert and Mader methods applied. Also we verify that the normal and orthometric heights present significant differences for the analyzed stations, considering the high correlation between the heights, which provides small uncertainty values. In the second analysis, it was suggested that the Stokes kernel modification type and the Global Geopotential Model selection have a greater influence on the improvement of geoid models in the study area. However, the resolution of the Digital Terrain Models and the topographic density values have less impact on geoid models estimation., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of obstetric simulation training on undergraduate medical students to improve their self-confidence. METHODS: Fifth-year undergraduate medical students were invited to a 2-week course of simulation in obstetrics during their clerkship. The sessions included were as follows: (1) care for the second and third periods of childbirth, (2) partograph analysis and pelvimetry, (3) premature rupture of membranes at term, and (4) diagnosis and management of third-trimester bleeding. Before the first session and at the end of the training period, a questionnaire about self-confidence in obstetric procedures and skills was applied. RESULTS: A total of 115 medical students were included, of whom 60 (52.2%) were male and 55 (47.8%) were female. Comparing initial and final scores, the median results of the subscales “comprehension and preparation” (18 vs. 22, p

Plant roots are colonized by microorganisms from the surrounding soil that belong to different kingdoms and form a multikingdom microbial community called the root microbiota. Despite their importance for plant growth, the relationship between soil management, the root microbiota, and plant performance remains unknown. Here, we characterize the maize root-associated bacterial, fungal, and oomycetal communities during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages of four maize inbred lines and the pht1;6 phosphate transporter mutant. These plants were grown in two long-term experimental fields under four contrasting soil managements, including phosphate-deficient and -sufficient conditions. We showed that the maize root-associated microbiota is influenced by soil management and changes during host growth stages. We identified stable bacterial and fungal root-associated taxa that persist throughout the host life cycle. These taxa were accompanied by dynamic members that covary with changes in root metabolites. We observed an inverse stable-to-dynamic ratio between root-associated bacterial and fungal communities. We also found a host footprint on the soil biota, characterized by a convergence between soil, rhizosphere, and root bacterial communities during reproductive maize growth. Our study reveals the spatiotemporal dynamics of the maize root-associated microbiota and suggests that the fungal assemblage is less responsive to changes in root metabolites than the bacterial community. IMPORTANCE Plant roots are inhabited by microbial communities called the root microbiota, which supports plant growth and health. We show in a maize field study that the root microbiota consists of stable and dynamic members. The dynamics of the microbial community appear to be driven by changes in the metabolic state of the roots over the life cycle of maize. ispartof: MBIO vol:13 issue:2 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Purpose: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) affects approximately 50% of young asthma patients, impairing their participation in sports and physical activities. Eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) is an approved surrogate challenge to exercise for objective EIB diagnosis, but the required minimum target hyperventilation rates remain unexplored in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the achieved ventilation rates (VRs) during a challenge and EIB-compatible response (EIB-cr) in young asthma patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 72 asthma patients aged 10–20 years. Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was measured before and 5, 15, and 30 min after the EVH. The target VR was set at 21 times the individual’s baseline FEV1. A decrease of >10% in FEV1 after the challenge was considered an EIB-cr. The challenge was repeated after 48–72h in those without an EIB-cr. Results: Thirty-six individuals had an EIBcr at initial evaluation. The median VRs achieved was not different between individuals with and without an EIB-cr (19.8 versus 17.9; p=0.619). The proportion of individuals with an EIB-cr was nor different comparing those who achieved (12/25) or not (24/47) the calculated target VRs (p=0.804). At the repeated EVH challenge an EIB-cr was observed in 14/36 individuals with a negative response in the first evaluation, with no differences in achieved VRs between the two tests (p=0.463). Conclusion: Irrespective of the achieved VR, an EIB compatible response after an EVH challenge must be considered relevant for clinical and therapeutic judgment, and negative tests should be repeated.

One image and tracings were obtained during the para-Hisian stimulation maneuver in an electrophysiological study. The question is: is there any retrograde nodal or extranodal conduction behavior?