1,788 results on '"Mechanical components"'
Search Results
2. A Novel Hierarchical Vision Transformer and Wavelet Time–Frequency Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis
- Author
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Changfen Gong and Rongrong Peng
- Subjects
mechanical components ,multi-source information fusion ,DL ,fault diagnosis ,NHVT ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Deep learning (DL) has been widely used to promote the development of intelligent fault diagnosis, bringing significant performance improvement. However, most of the existing methods cannot capture the temporal information and global features of mechanical equipment to collect sufficient fault information, resulting in performance collapse. Meanwhile, due to the complex and harsh operating environment, it is difficult to extract fault features stably and extensively using single-source fault diagnosis methods. Therefore, a novel hierarchical vision transformer (NHVT) and wavelet time–frequency architecture combined with a multi-source information fusion (MSIF) strategy has been suggested in this paper to boost stable performance by extracting and integrating rich features. The goal is to improve the end-to-end fault diagnosis performance of mechanical components. First, multi-source signals are transformed into two-dimensional time and frequency diagrams. Then, a novel hierarchical vision transformer is introduced to improve the nonlinear representation of feature maps to enrich fault features. Next, multi-source information diagrams are fused into the proposed NHVT to produce more comprehensive presentations. Finally, we employed two different multi-source datasets to verify the superiority of the proposed NHVT. Then, NHVT outperformed the state-of-the-art approach (SOTA) on the multi-source dataset of mechanical components, and the experimental results show that it is able to extract useful features from multi-source information.
- Published
- 2024
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3. By Visualizing the Deformation with Mechanoluminescent Particles, Additive Manufacturing Offers a Practical Alternative to Stress and Strain Simulation.
- Author
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Einbergs, Ernests, Spustaka, Agnese, Vitola, Virginija, and Zolotarjovs, Aleksejs
- Subjects
STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) ,STRAIN gages ,STRUCTURAL failures ,STRUCTURAL design ,THREE-dimensional printing - Abstract
The use of stress–strain analysis in structural design or mechanical components is critical for avoiding or investigating structural failures. In the case of complicated designs, mathematical full-field stress modeling produces imprecise predictions. Experimental analysis can be used as a replacement for mathematical modeling, but with the use of currently available strain gauges, it is cumbersome and impossible in the case of moving parts. Mechanoluminescent materials transform mechanical energy into visible light and can be used as a replacement for strain gauges to monitor strain/stress. Three-dimensional printing technology has made major advances in terms of additive manufacturing. In this article, we describe a method to produce an ML 3D print. The fabricated samples are precise and versatile and satisfy the need for easy and non-destructible spatial stress analysis. A 3D printed photopolymer sample with SrAl
2 O4 : Eu, Dy particle addition only to the final layers was tested, and the number of layers was optimized. It was determined that the optimal number of layers for easy detection is in the range of 10 to 20 layers. It opens the possibility for the real-time evaluation of complex uneven forces on complex parts, thus having a good potential for commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. SketchCleanNet — A deep learning approach to the enhancement and correction of query sketches for a 3D CAD model retrieval system.
- Author
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Manda, Bharadwaj, Kendre, Prasad Pralhad, Dey, Subhrajit, and Muthuganapathy, Ramanathan
- Subjects
- *
DEEP learning , *ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *COMPUTER vision , *COMPUTER graphics , *ENGINEERING design , *SEARCH algorithms - Abstract
Search and retrieval remains a major research topic in several domains, including computer graphics, computer vision, engineering design, etc. A search engine requires primarily an input search query and a database of items to search from. In engineering, which is the primary context of this paper, the database consists of 3D CAD models, such as washers, pistons, connecting rods, etc. A query from a user is typically in the form of a sketch, which attempts to capture the details of a 3D model. However, sketches have certain typical defects such as gaps, over-drawn portions (multi-strokes), etc. Since the retrieved results are only as good as the input query, sketches need cleaning-up and enhancement for better retrieval results. In this paper, a deep learning approach is proposed to improve or clean the query sketches. Initially, sketches from various categories are analysed in order to understand the many possible defects that may occur. A dataset of cleaned-up or enhanced query sketches is then created based on an understanding of these defects. Consequently, an end-to-end training of a deep neural network is carried out in order to provide a mapping between the defective and the clean sketches. This network takes the defective query sketch as the input and generates a clean or an enhanced query sketch. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the proposed approach with other state-of-the-art techniques show that the proposed approach is effective. The results of the search engine are reported using both the defective and enhanced query sketches, and it is shown that using the enhanced query sketches from the developed approach yields improved search results. [Display omitted] • The first learning-based strategy to clean rough query sketches of 3D CAD models • Introduces SketchCleanNet — an end-to-end image translation scheme • SketchCleanNet aims to understand the mapping between rough sketches and clean query images • A novel scheme to calculate the loss is introduced • Dataset Contribution: The resulting enhanced query sketch dataset is made available publicly. • This paper will significantly contribute to the research community and give researchers opportunities to develop new algorithms for search and retrieval of 3D mechanical components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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5. Process and Instrument for Visual Inspection of Mechanical Components for Imperfections Evaluation in Land Removal Equipment
- Author
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Tenicota, Alex, Nuela, Stalin, Redroban, Cristian, Larrea, Ángel, Contreras, Luis, Davim, J. Paulo, Series Editor, Sachdeva, Anish, editor, Kumar, Pradeep, editor, Yadav, O P, editor, Garg, R K, editor, and Gupta, Ajay, editor
- Published
- 2021
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6. Marking function of Stokes number on airfoils’ aerodynamic penalties in a gas–solid flow
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Junjun Jin, Zhiliang Lu, Tongqing Guo, Di Zhou, and Qiaozhong Li
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General fluid dynamics theory, simulation and other computational methods ,Turbulent flows, convection, and heat transfer ,Multiphase flows ,Applied fluid mechanics ,Fluid mechanics and aerodynamics (mechanical engineering) ,Mechanical components ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Abstract This paper aims to employ the Stokes number to mark aerodynamic penalties of airfoils caused by particles, which is crucial to implement their scaling experiments in a gas‐solid flow. Each Stokes number is associated with a series of approximate aerodynamic penalties which are obtained at the same Reynolds number with different chord lengths. In the process, two phenomena which go against the mark are discussed and their mechanisms are revealed. The results show they occur at smaller and larger ranges of Stokes number, respectively. The effect of gravity is the leading cause and a larger chord length or diameter particle can strength its effect. The application scope of the mark, meanwhile, is ascertained. A chord length smaller than 1.5 m is advised at Re = 1.00 × 106 and those at other Reynolds numbers are also presented. As Stokes number decreases from 3, the aerodynamic penalty increases exponentially first at the advised chord length and reaches up to their peak values at the Stokes number of 0.050. In addition, the change of the aerodynamic penalty with Stokes number is dominated by the momentum exchange in the direction of gravity in the region between the particle injection plane and the airfoil.
- Published
- 2021
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7. Pressure control for pneumatic electric braking system of commercial vehicle based on model predictive control
- Author
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Yongtao Zhao and Yiyong Yang
- Subjects
Pressure and vacuum control ,Mechanical components ,Control system analysis and synthesis methods ,Optimal control ,Nonlinear control systems ,Transportation engineering ,TA1001-1280 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Abstract Precise braking pressure control of a pneumatic electric braking system (PEBS) poses challenging non‐linear control problems, since it can operate in several distinct discrete processes (the pressure increasing, holding and decreasing) by switching the on‐off solenoid valves and the piston of relay valve moves irregularly. This article describes the development and experimental validation of a viable controller for an electronically controlled braking pressure based on the theory of model predictive control (MPC). The controller design consists of two parts. The non‐linear characteristic is first studied to ensure the pressure response of PEBS when the opening time is 4–10 ms in a fixed period, followed by calculation and prediction of the optimal on‐off time of inlet valve and release valve based on the current braking pressure to realize steady state. A logic rule is designed to ensure that the MPC controller and feedback control work coordinate to guarantee engineering reliability. A comprehensive system model is derived to help characterize system non‐linearities and design the MPC predictive model. Simulations and experimental results are presented finally to show how the MPC and feedback control strategy can be successfully applied to solve the braking pressure control of a PEBS in a systematic way.
- Published
- 2021
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8. Fault diagnosis of an induction motor using data fusion based on neural networks
- Author
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Saeid Jorkesh and Javad Poshtan
- Subjects
Asynchronous machines ,Mechanical components ,Other topics in statistics ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Abstract In this paper, neural network‐based data fusion is used to detect fault and isolate stator winding short circuit, outer bearing race, and broken rotor bar defects in an induction motor. In addition, the robustness of the proposed method against the disturbance introduced by the coupled pump's unbalanced power source and dry running is investigated. First, three‐phase current and voltage signals are separated by means of independent component analysis (ICA), then extracted features are combined by adopting neural networks, and finally, the system's health condition is evaluated. Experimental results indicate that data fusion based on neural networks can evaluate with high reliability the system's health condition and provide better robustness in the presence of disturbances.
- Published
- 2021
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9. The study on the anti‐impact performance of the oscillating buoy with various air cushions
- Author
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Ruiyin Song, Congjie Ren, Xiao Ma, Liyang Qiu, and Zuan Lin
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Numerical analysis ,Design ,Engineering materials ,General shapes and structures ,Ballistics and mechanical impact (mechanical engineering) ,Mechanical components ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Abstract Violent waves in ocean sometimes cause huge shocks to the oscillating buoy and cause its damage. Improving the structure of buoy is a common method to reduce the impact of water on buoy. This paper focuses on how to reduce the peak impact force and improve the survivability of oscillating buoy in ocean environment. Considering the air layer between oscillating buoy and water surface, the impact of buoy into water is taken as the research point in the paper. The corresponding mathematical model is established, and the analysis shows that the air cushion can greatly reduce the peak impact force of buoy. The finite element model of buoy is established, and the constant velocity entry of a series of buoys with different air cushion structures is calculated. First of all, the air cushions with different shapes are compared, the qualitative analysis shows that the air cushion of cylindrical shape has the excellent anti‐impact performance. Then, the air cushion structure with different volume was analysed, and the influence of different air cushion volume on the peak impact force of buoy entering water was quantified. It is concluded that the effect of reducing peak of air cushion increases with the increase of air cushion volume. Furthermore, a test bench for the impact of buoy into water was set up for experiments, and similar conclusions were obtained. Besides, it is found that the improvement of the impact resistance of air cushion slows down as the volume of air cushion increases, and there is an upper limit which is positively correlated with the impact velocity of buoy.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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10. Wave energy converter platform stabilisation and mooring load reduction through power take‐off control
- Author
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A.J. Hillis, C.R.P. Courtney, and A. Brask
- Subjects
Wave power ,Optimisation techniques ,Control system analysis and synthesis methods ,Optimal control ,Control of electric power systems ,Mechanical components ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Abstract Mooring systems are a significant capital cost of a floating wave energy converter and their premature failure negatively impacts operational costs. Excessive peak loads and accumulated fatigue damage can lead to failure, so these factors are cost drivers in wave energy converter design. Here, the potential to reduce platform motion and mooring loads through modification of the power take‐off (PTO) control are investigated. An approximate velocity tracking control strategy is implemented with a linear quadratic regulator design method using differential weighting of system states. It is demonstrated that the controller can be tuned to capture similar mean power to an optimally tuned, passively damped system while significantly reducing mooring line cyclic loading. The relative accumulated fatigue damage in the mooring lines in a high energy sea‐state is found to be reduced by between 43% and 92% as a result of using the approximate velocity tracking control strategy.
- Published
- 2021
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11. Numerical calculation and model experiment of a novel external buoy type wave energy converter for navigation lighted buoys numerical study of a novel wave energy converter
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Shuo Huang, Weiqi Liu, Chao Zhang, Songwei Sheng, Yage You, Zhenpeng Wang, and Kaisheng Wen
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Numerical approximation and analysis ,Surface waves, tides, and sea level ,Wave power ,Fluid mechanics and aerodynamics (mechanical engineering) ,Mechanical components ,boundary element method ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Abstract A novel external buoy type wave energy device with hydraulic conversion system used for navigation lighted buoys, named floating external double buoys wave energy device, is put forward and investigated by numerical calculations and model experiments. The hydrodynamic performance of the device under regular waves is numerically calculated based on linear potential flow theory and boundary element method. The generalized modal method is used to solve the hydrodynamic problems of multi‐buoy with hinged constraints. The model experiments are carried out in a 2D wave tank with a depth of 0.9 m. The wave height is set to 1/40 of the wavelength. The influence of wave period and damping loads on the hydrodynamic performance of the device is tested. The results of numerical calculations and model experiments have shown that the appropriate selection of hydraulic damping coefficient is of great significance to improve the capture width ratio of the device, and this device has good capture performance in a certain wave range, and it is expected to effectively solve the problem of continuous power supply for middle and small types of navigation lighted buoys.
- Published
- 2021
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12. Modular horizontal pendulum wave energy converter: Exploring feasibility to power ocean observation applications in the U.S. pacific northwest
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Chris Dizon, Robert J. Cavagnaro, Bryson Robertson, and Ted K. Brekken
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Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics ,Data and information ,acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination in geophysics ,Instrumentation and techniques for geophysical, hydrospheric and lower atmosphere research ,Oceanographic and hydrological techniques and equipment ,Wave power ,Mechanical components ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Abstract Marine renewable energy as a power source for ocean observation applications has the potential to allow longer deployment operations due to the consistent, higher, and denser energy available from this resource. This additionally could encourage deployments in remote locations where maintenance is costly or resource availability is low if dependent on solar power. More importantly, gaps in spatial data could be filled. This paper examines the feasibility of a modular horizontal pendulum wave energy converter to power National Data Buoy Center's Self‐Contained Ocean Observations Payload (SCOOP) off the coast of Washington State, U.S. The effect on power output was studied when the pendulum's radius arm, mass, and power take‐off damping were varied. Results using Matlab toolbox WEC‐Sim revealed positive correlation between radius arm length and mass to power output, where power maximised for optimal damping values. Seasonal trends in power were not significant, where a 20 kg pendulum mass was needed to meet the SCOOP base power requirement of 5 W throughout the year.
- Published
- 2021
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13. Hierarchical control and emulation of a wave energy hyperbaric converter
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Isaac R. Machado, Paula B. Garcia‐Rosa, and Edson H. Watanabe
- Subjects
Surface waves, tides, and sea level ,Wave power ,Asynchronous machines ,Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus ,Control of electric power systems ,Mechanical components ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Abstract Wave energy emulators provide an option to extend studies of wave energy converters (WECs) in an electric power laboratory facility and to evaluate the performance of controllers in an experimental set‐up. In addition, the integration of control strategies in different steps of the energy conversion process is an important step to improve the WEC overall behaviour that has not yet been widely discussed. This paper proposes a real‐time emulator and a hierarchical control scheme for a hyperbaric WEC consisting of floating bodies, hydropneumatic storage system (HSS), hydraulic turbine, and doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The proposed emulator is based on a typical electric power laboratory facility, where a numerical model reproduces the dynamics of the wet subsystem and a hardware is the WEC electrical subsystem. Thereby, a squirrel‐cage induction motor (SCIM) is coupled shaft‐to‐shaft with the DFIG. The SCIM reproduces the characteristics of torque and speed that would be observed in the real system, and then, the DFIG is subjected to a primary drive with same dynamic characteristics of the real plant. The hierarchical control integrates the generator and HSS controllers considering the optimal operating pressure for local sea state conditions. Experimental results illustrate the performance of the emulator and controllers.
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- 2021
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14. A Large-Scale Annotated Mechanical Components Benchmark for Classification and Retrieval Tasks with Deep Neural Networks
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Kim, Sangpil, Chi, Hyung-gun, Hu, Xiao, Huang, Qixing, Ramani, Karthik, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Vedaldi, Andrea, editor, Bischof, Horst, editor, Brox, Thomas, editor, and Frahm, Jan-Michael, editor
- Published
- 2020
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15. Life cycle cost assessment method considering multiple factors for economic evaluation of cable line steel brackets
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Yujiao Zhang, Zhenliang Wang, Yanyan Zhu, Xiongfeng Huang, and Yaxin Wang
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Financial management ,Numerical analysis ,Maintenance and reliability ,Surface treatment and coating techniques ,Engineering materials ,Mechanical components ,Distribution or transmission of electric power ,TK3001-3521 ,Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations ,TK1001-1841 - Abstract
Abstract In China, the bracket of underground high voltage cable transmission line is mainly made of various carbon steels. However, no unified standard exists for type selection of cable brackets in practice. Here, a selection method of the bracket based on life cycle cost assessment is proposed from the viewpoint of technical economy, in which the size of brackets, steel grade, carbon steel corrosion and eddy current loss are considered as influencing factors to the costs. Stress performance analysis under identical pole arm stress constraints is employed to determine the size and grade of carbon steel which influences the initial cost. And 3D coupled electromagnetic fluid‐dynamical and thermal finite‐element analysis is applied to calculate the eddy current loss of cable brackets which influences the operation cost. Meanwhile, multi‐physics coupling analysis and experiment are conducted to prove the correctness of loss simulation calculation. Tafel curve measured by electrochemical corrosion experiment is used to obtain the corrosion rate of carbon steel which influences the maintenance cost by affecting service life of brackets. A case study is demonstrated, and the results show that the channel steel type is the most economical for the commendatory and the proposed method is effective.
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- 2021
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16. A field study investigating road safety effects of a front brake light
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Merlin Monzel, Kristof Keidel, Wolfgang Schubert, and Rainer Banse
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Health and safety aspects ,Mechanical components ,Transportation engineering ,TA1001-1280 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Abstract Recent research shows that braking of vehicles equipped with a front brake light is identified significantly earlier than braking of vehicles without front brake lights. Moreover, the absence of front brake lights leads to more conservative road crossing decisions. These results suggest that front brake lights are able to facilitate the pedestrians’ anticipation of dangerous traffic situations, thereby increasing road safety. The present research investigated the effects of front brake lights in the real traffic of the Berlin Tegel Airport airside. A total of 102 vehicles were equipped with front brake lights and circulated in airport traffic for a period of three and a half months. Before and after this test period, 197 staff members were asked about their experiences with and their attitude towards front brake lights. The results show that front brake lights rarely led to misunderstandings, whereas they were significantly more often perceived to facilitate communication avoiding dangerous situations. The attitude towards front brake lights was already positive at the first interview and improved significantly during the measurement period. Overall, a great majority of participants stated that front brake lights improve communication between road users and thus increase road safety.
- Published
- 2021
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17. A predictive control method to improve pressure tracking precision and reduce valve switching for pneumatic brake systems
- Author
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Rui Zhang, Jun Peng, Heng Li, Bin Chen, Weirong Liu, Zhiwu Huang, and Jing Wang
- Subjects
Optimisation techniques ,Pressure and vacuum control ,Hydraulic and pneumatic control equipment ,Optimisation ,Mechanical components ,Optimal control ,Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General) ,TJ212-225 - Abstract
Abstract Pneumatic brake systems are crucial for the operation of trains. However, due to switching characteristics of on/off solenoid valves, the precise pressure control and low switching activities of valves are difficult to guarantee simultaneously during braking. To address the issue, a hybrid model predictive control (MPC) method is proposed for implementing the multi‐objective optimisation in this paper, i.e. the precise pressure tracking and the valve switching reduction. In order to model the hybrid behaviour caused by continuous dynamics of the pressure and discrete features of solenoid valves, the mixed logic dynamical system theory is applied. Then, the braking control problem is recast as a hybrid MPC problem, which jointly optimises the pressure tracking precision and the valve switching. A mixed integer linear program is formulated to solve the MPC problem in an efficient way. Both simulation and experiment results show that the accurate pressure control and low switching activities of valves can be achieved by the proposed method when compared with existing methods.
- Published
- 2021
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18. Non‐invasive sound‐based classifier of bearing faults in electric induction motors
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Herman Santos, Paulo Scalassara, Wagner Endo, Alessandro Goedtel, Jacqueline Guedes, and Murillo Gentil
- Subjects
Signal processing and detection ,Asynchronous machines ,Mechanical components ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Abstract Induction motors play a major role in the industry nowadays due to their simple construction, uncomplicated maintenance, and cost efficiency. As the motor operates for repeated hours, some faults may occur and, depending on the process sensitivity, can cause significant losses to the industrial production. In this context, an alternative method is proposed to detect and classify bearing faults using acoustic emission signals generated by the machines and simple features obtained from them. A pair of condenser microphones was used to acquire these signals and audio feature extraction is performed to obtain time and frequency patterns to characterize healthy and faulty machines. The major differences of the acoustic signals regarding the fault frequency signatures are discussed by analyzing specific peaks observed in their spectra. Several coupled load values and levels of power supply voltage unbalance were considered in the experimental tests, which emulate common situations encountered in industrial environments, obtaining accuracy rates over 97% of success. Finally, a comparison is presented of machine learning techniques for bearing faults classification under different load values and voltage unbalance levels.
- Published
- 2021
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19. Sensorless MRAS control of emerging doubly‐fed reluctance wind generators
- Author
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Mohammad‐Reza Agha‐Kashkooli and Milutin Jovanović
- Subjects
Wind power plants ,Synchronous machines ,Spatial variables control ,Velocity, acceleration and rotation control ,Control of electric power systems ,Mechanical components ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Abstract A new model reference adaptive system based estimation technique for vector control of real and reactive power of a brushless doubly fed reluctance generator without a shaft position sensor is proposed. The rotor speed is being precisely observed in a closed‐loop manner by eliminating the error between the measured and estimated inverter‐fed (secondary) winding current angles in a stationary frame. Contrary to the existing model reference adaptive system observer designs reported in the brushless doubly fed reluctance generator literature, the reference model is entirely parameter‐free and only utilises direct measurements of the secondary currents. Furthermore, the current estimates coming from the adaptive model are obtained using the measured voltages and currents of the grid‐connected (primary) winding, which has provided prospects for much higher accuracy and superior overall performance. The realistic simulations, preliminary experimental results, and the accompanying parameter sensitivity studies have shown the great controller potential for typical operating conditions of variable speed wind turbines with maximum power point tracking.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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20. By Visualizing the Deformation with Mechanoluminescent Particles, Additive Manufacturing Offers a Practical Alternative to Stress and Strain Simulation
- Author
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Ernests Einbergs, Agnese Spustaka, Virginija Vitola, and Aleksejs Zolotarjovs
- Subjects
mechanoluminescence ,additive manufacturing ,3D printing ,stress analysis ,mechanical components ,non-destructive ,Technology ,Engineering design ,TA174 - Abstract
The use of stress–strain analysis in structural design or mechanical components is critical for avoiding or investigating structural failures. In the case of complicated designs, mathematical full-field stress modeling produces imprecise predictions. Experimental analysis can be used as a replacement for mathematical modeling, but with the use of currently available strain gauges, it is cumbersome and impossible in the case of moving parts. Mechanoluminescent materials transform mechanical energy into visible light and can be used as a replacement for strain gauges to monitor strain/stress. Three-dimensional printing technology has made major advances in terms of additive manufacturing. In this article, we describe a method to produce an ML 3D print. The fabricated samples are precise and versatile and satisfy the need for easy and non-destructible spatial stress analysis. A 3D printed photopolymer sample with SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy particle addition only to the final layers was tested, and the number of layers was optimized. It was determined that the optimal number of layers for easy detection is in the range of 10 to 20 layers. It opens the possibility for the real-time evaluation of complex uneven forces on complex parts, thus having a good potential for commercialization.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Ecological cooperative adaptive cruise control of over‐actuated electric vehicles with in‐wheel motor in traffic flow
- Author
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Dong Xia, Boyuan Li, Jie Zhang, Bangji Zhang, and Nong Zhang
- Subjects
Spatial variables control ,Velocity, acceleration and rotation control ,Control of electric power systems ,Road‐traffic system control ,Mechanical components ,Vehicle mechanics ,Transportation engineering ,TA1001-1280 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Abstract Since electric vehicle with in‐wheel motor has advantages in aspects of vehicle dynamics control and energy‐efficient control, it has been widely applied in the vehicle platoon in the highway. This paper proposes an optimization and control structure that integrates ecological cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) for the vehicle platoon, and path tracking and ecological control allocation (Eco‐CA) for individual vehicle to improve the energy efficiency of electric vehicles in traffic flow. First, in the upper layer, the suitable driving mode is selected by finite‐state machine (FSM) based on surrounding environment. Then the path‐planner and ecological CACC in the higher layer are proposed to determine the desired path and desired speed and acceleration profile. After that, in the middle layer, longitudinal motion controller and yaw stability controller are integrated to achieve the desired control targets from upper layer. Finally, in the lower layer, each in‐wheel motor torque is optimized by Eco‐CA subsystem to reduce the energy consumption of driving motor and tyre friction loss. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can improve the energy efficiency and dynamics control performance.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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22. Evaluation of parametric effect on transient stability of a multi‐unit hydroelectric generating system
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Tianyu Yang and Diyi Chen
- Subjects
Hydroelectric power stations and plants ,Control of electric power systems ,Mechanical components ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Abstract Transient stability of a multi‐unit hydroelectric generating system significantly influences the safety operation of power stations. The uncertainty of operating parameter is one of the important factors to influence the system stability during the transient process. For this reason, the target of this paper aims to explore the optimised operating parameter in order to enhance the stability of a multi‐unit hydroelectric generating system. To overcome the limitations of existing methods in literature, a new high‐dimensional, complex and non‐linear dynamic model of the multi‐unit hydroelectric generating system that combines the conventional hydro‐turbine governing system and the shaft system is established. Then, the dynamic behaviour of the proposed system targeting the transient process is exhaustingly investigated with the change of the critical parameters. The calm interval of critical parameters is also determined in order to improve the transient stability of the system. The obtained results not only enrich the theoretical knowledge of transient dynamics but also ensure the safety operation of hydropower stations. Meanwhile, the presented research method, high‐dimensional non‐linear dynamic model and the interesting findings in transient process can promote the development of the theory of non‐linear dynamics.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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23. Adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant control of seat active suspension systems with actuator fault
- Author
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Xing Zhang, Lei Liu, and Yan‐Jun Liu
- Subjects
Mechanical components ,Control system analysis and synthesis methods ,Stability in control theory ,Self‐adjusting control systems ,Fuzzy control ,Nonlinear control systems ,Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General) ,TJ212-225 - Abstract
Abstract This paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant control method about seat active suspension systems. The significant indexes of seat active suspension system are ride comfort and safety. Considering the actuator failure of seat active suspension system, the problems of passengers' ride comfort and safety are better solved. Two adaptive laws are designed to solve the two unknown coefficients in the actuator fault of the seat active suspension system. The fuzzy logic systems are applied to approximate the unknown terms in the system, and an adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant controller is designed by using the backstepping method. In the closed‐loop systems, all signals are bounded which is proved through Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, two different road surface disturbances are considered in the simulation, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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24. Framework for efficient dynamic analysis applied to a tubular generator for suspension applications
- Author
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Matthijs Kleijer, Léo A. J. Friedrich, Bart L. J. Gysen, and Elena A. Lomonova
- Subjects
Numerical approximation and analysis ,a.c. machines ,d.c. machines ,Numerical analysis ,Mechanical components ,Optimisation techniques ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Abstract This paper considers a slotless three‐phase tubular permanent magnet generator located in an automotive suspension system for the application of vibration energy harvesting. A two‐dimensional finite element method model of the harvester is produced and an experimental setup that contains the generator is constructed. Signal decomposition methods are applied to measured suspension displacement data and the resulting signal components are used as input for the model. Two approaches for signal decomposition are discussed, namely, the discrete Fourier transform and the continuous wavelet transform. The individual emf responses of the model are reconstructed to a single output, while a sideband prediction algorithm accounts for the non‐linearities in the system. The simulation results are compared with the reference measurements conducted on the setup to determine the accuracy of each of the signal decomposition methods.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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25. Design and analysis of Lorentz magnetic bearing for magnetic suspended control and sensing gyroscope
- Author
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Shinan Cao, Pingjuan Niu, and Qiang Liu
- Subjects
Numerical approximation and analysis ,Finite element analysis ,Other magnetic material applications and devices ,Numerical analysis ,Mechanical components ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Abstract To improve the control accuracy and output torque of magnetic suspend and control gyroscope, a Lorentz magnetic bearing with double second auxiliary air gap is proposed, and its mechanical structure is introduced. Frist, the structure and working principle of the Lorentz magnetic bearing with second air gap is introduced and the magnetic circuit model of the magnetic bearing is established by the equivalent magnetic circuit method. Second, on the basis of the circuit model, the maximum magnetic flux density of the winding area is analysed by finite element method. The fluctuation rate of magnetic flux density in winding area with double air gap scheme is 5.9%, and the maximum magnetic flux intensity at the winding coil can reach 0.462T. Finally, a bearing prototype is made, the theoretical calculation and finite element simulation results are verified by experiments.
- Published
- 2021
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26. Performance evaluation and modelling of the Atir marine current turbine
- Author
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Eloy Díaz‐Dorado, Camilo Carrillo, Jose Cidras, David Román, and Javier Grande
- Subjects
Applied fluid mechanics ,Fluid mechanics and aerodynamics (mechanical engineering) ,Mechanical components ,Power and plant engineering (mechanical engineering) ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Abstract In this study, the behaviour of a full‐size prototype of a platform for tidal energy was analysed. The turbine of this platform is formed by two counter‐rotating rotors aligned with the tidal current, such that one rotor is always under the wake of the upstream rotor. The platform was tested under real working conditions; the tidal current was emulated by towing. The results of these tests were used to develop and parameterize a turbine model, which is presented in this paper. The turbine was modelled in terms of power, torque, and thrust coefficients. This model was used to estimate the power curve of the platform and design control strategies that, in addition to maximizing energy production, contribute to the stability of the platform.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Dynamic output‐feedback event‐triggered H∞ control for singular active seat suspension systems with a human body model
- Author
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Wenxing Li, Haiping Du, Zhiguang Feng, Donghong Ning, and Weihua Li
- Subjects
Mechanical variables control ,Road-traffic system control ,Linear algebra (numerical analysis) ,Numerical analysis ,Vibrations and shock waves (mechanical engineering) ,Mechanical components ,Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General) ,TJ212-225 - Abstract
Abstract The output‐feedback event‐triggered H∞ controller is designed in this paper for singular active seat suspension systems. The human body is simply separated into two parts (body torso and head) and is considered with the seat suspension system. The accelerations of each part are considered as part of the system states, which makes the system as a singular system. The seat suspension deflection, relative velocity, the accelerations of the seat frame, body torso, and head are defined as the system outputs, which are all measurable in real‐time. The output‐feedback H∞ controller is designed at first. Then, the event‐triggered scheme is designed for the seat suspension system to reduce data transmission. Linear matrix equalities criteria are presented to get the controller and event‐triggered scheme and ensure the admissibility of the seat suspension system. Simulation results are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the considered control method.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Energy recovery strategy for regenerative braking system of intelligent four‐wheel independent drive electric vehicles
- Author
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Liang Li, Xianyao Ping, Jialei Shi, Xiangyu Wang, and Xiuheng Wu
- Subjects
Optimisation techniques ,Road‐traffic system control ,Optimisation ,Mechanical components ,Vehicle mechanics ,Transportation engineering ,TA1001-1280 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Abstract Regenerative braking system can recovery energy in various electric vehicles. Considering large computation load of global optimization methods, most researches adopt instantaneous or local algorithms to optimize the recuperation energy, and incline to study straight deceleration processes. However, uncertain drivers' intentions limit the potential exploration of economy improvement, and simple test conditions do not reflect the complexity of actual driving cycles. Herein, an innovative control architecture is designed for intelligent vehicles to overcome these challenges to some extent. Compared with traditional vehicles, driverless ones would eliminate drivers' interferences, and have more freedoms to optimize energy recovery, route tracking and dynamics stability. Specifically, a series regenerative braking system is designed, and then a three‐level control architecture is first proposed to coordinate three performances. In the top layer, some rules with maximum recuperation energy is exploited off‐line for optimising the velocity and control commands on‐line. In the middle layer, local algorithm is used to track the commands and complex routes for optimal energy from a global perspective. In the bottom layer, hydraulic and regenerative toques are allocated. Tests are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design and control schemes.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Design and analysis of a high‐integration and low‐loss bearingless flywheel motor in vehicle
- Author
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Fan Yang, Ye Yuan, Gaojun Meng, and Libin Yan
- Subjects
a.c. machines ,d.c. machines ,Numerical analysis ,Mechanical components ,Finite element analysis ,Other energy storage ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Abstract This study investigates an outer rotor bearingless flywheel motor for flywheel batteries in vehicle that exhibits the advantages of high integration and low loss due to outer rotor direct‐drive and bearingless technologies. A hybrid excitation outer rotor bearingless flywheel motor with four‐degrees‐of‐freedom radial suspension and permanent magnet bias is also proposed, further improving the advantages of high integration and low loss. In addition, suspension force density is ameliorated and suspension–torque coupling is reduced through structure design. To verify the aforementioned advantages of hybrid excitation outer rotor bearingless flywheel motor, its working principles are introduced and its electromagnetic characteristics are analyzed using the finite element method. Comparisons with 12/8 ORBFM are also conducted by focusing on suspension loss and suspension force density.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A Novel Hierarchical Vision Transformer and Wavelet Time-Frequency Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis.
- Author
-
Gong C and Peng R
- Abstract
Deep learning (DL) has been widely used to promote the development of intelligent fault diagnosis, bringing significant performance improvement. However, most of the existing methods cannot capture the temporal information and global features of mechanical equipment to collect sufficient fault information, resulting in performance collapse. Meanwhile, due to the complex and harsh operating environment, it is difficult to extract fault features stably and extensively using single-source fault diagnosis methods. Therefore, a novel hierarchical vision transformer (NHVT) and wavelet time-frequency architecture combined with a multi-source information fusion (MSIF) strategy has been suggested in this paper to boost stable performance by extracting and integrating rich features. The goal is to improve the end-to-end fault diagnosis performance of mechanical components. First, multi-source signals are transformed into two-dimensional time and frequency diagrams. Then, a novel hierarchical vision transformer is introduced to improve the nonlinear representation of feature maps to enrich fault features. Next, multi-source information diagrams are fused into the proposed NHVT to produce more comprehensive presentations. Finally, we employed two different multi-source datasets to verify the superiority of the proposed NHVT. Then, NHVT outperformed the state-of-the-art approach (SOTA) on the multi-source dataset of mechanical components, and the experimental results show that it is able to extract useful features from multi-source information.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Updatable Probabilistic Evaluation of Failure Rates of Mechanical Components in Power Take-Off Systems of Tidal Stream Turbines
- Author
-
Dimitri V. Val, Leon Chernin, and Daniil Yurchenko
- Subjects
reliability ,mechanical components ,tidal stream turbine ,failure rate ,probabilistic analysis ,Bayesian analysis ,Technology - Abstract
This paper presents a method for the probabilistic evaluation of the failure rates of mechanical components in a typical power take-off (PTO) system of a horizontal-axis tidal stream turbine (HATT). The method is based on a modification of the method of the influence factors, when base failure rates, relevant influence factors and, subsequently, resulting failure rates are treated as random variables. The prior (i.e., initial) probabilistic distribution of the failure rates of a HATT component is generated using data for similar components from other industries, while taking into account actual characteristics of the component and site-specific operating and environmental conditions of the HATT. A posterior distribution of the failure rate is estimated numerically based on a Bayesian approach as new information about the component performance in an operating HATT becomes available. The posterior distribution is then employed to obtain the updated mean and lower and upper confidence limits of the failure rate. The proposed method is illustrated by applying it to the evaluation of the failure rates of two key components of the PTO system of a typical HATT—main seal and main bearing. In particular, it is shown that uncertainty associated with the method itself has a major influence on the failure rate evaluation. The proposed method is useful for the reliability assessment of both PTO designs of new HATTs and PTO systems of operating HATTs.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A Low-Loss Integrated Circuit Breaker for HVDC Applications
- Author
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Sheng Wang, Carlos Ernesto Ugalde Loo, Wenlong Ming, and Jun Liang
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,Electrical engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Integrated circuit ,Thermal conduction ,Grid ,Mechanical components ,Power (physics) ,law.invention ,Semiconductor ,law ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Current (fluid) ,business ,Circuit breaker - Abstract
Hybrid dc circuit breakers (HCBs) are recognized as suitable devices for protecting high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) systems, along with other dc circuit breakers (DCCB). However, compared to mechanical circuit breakers, HCBs exhibit higher conduction losses. Such losses are inevitable under no-fault conditions as current may flow through some of the semiconductor switches. An integrated circuit breaker (ICB) minimizing these losses is presented in this paper, and this is achieved by replacing semiconductor switches by mechanical components in the current path. For completeness, the topology design, operating sequence and a mathematical analysis for component sizing of the device are provided. In addition, an estimation of the conduction losses is quantified. It is estimated that the power losses of an ICB are 2 to 30% of an HCB only. The ICB has been implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC to demonstrate its effectiveness for isolating dc faults, with simulations conducted on a three-terminal HVDC grid.
- Published
- 2022
33. Optimization of industrial coatings tribological parameters by studying its application on mechanical components using Taguchi coupled WASPAS method
- Author
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Kanchan Kumari, Dilip Kumar Bagal, Siddharth Jeet, Abhishek Barua, Uttam Kumar Sahoo, and Manoj Kumar Sahu
- Subjects
Taguchi methods ,Materials science ,Mechanical engineering ,Tribology ,Mechanical components - Published
- 2022
34. An improved fatigue life model for mechanical components considering load strengthening characteristics
- Author
-
Xintian Liu, Minghui Zhang, Shuci Wang, and Jiazhi Liu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanics of Materials ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Load spectrum ,General Materials Science ,Structural engineering ,business ,Mechanical components - Published
- 2021
35. Wear behaviour of polymeric materials reinforced with man-made fibres: A comprehensive review about fibre volume fraction influence on wear performance
- Author
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Moustafa Mahmoud Yousry Zaghloul, Martin Veidt, Karen M. Steel, and Michael T. Heitzmann
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Fossil fuel ,Polymeric matrix ,Mechanical components ,Wear resistance ,Mechanics of Materials ,Volume fraction ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Slurry ,Degradation (geology) ,Composite material ,business ,Mineral processing - Abstract
In the mineral processing, mining, oil and gas industries, it is not uncommon to find mechanical components exposed to degradation and wear from slurries. Polymeric matrix composites (PMCs) are considered as potential alternatives to replace metallic materials in such severe environments because of their high strength to weight ratio, ease of production, high wear resistance and good corrosion/chemical resistance. Often, seemingly erratic wear behaviour is observed making preventive maintenance and time-to-failure difficult to manage. A major culprit is the complex physical and chemical interaction with the slurry, such as exposure to high temperatures, high alkalinity, high slurry density, insoluble inorganic contents, high hardness of suspended particles and humidity. It is well understood that the addition of reinforcing fibres greatly improves the stiffness and strength of polymeric matrix composites. However, the effect the reinforcement has on the wear performance is far less established and a framework to analyse the effect of fibre volume fraction is yet to be established. The difficulties in establishing such a framework lay in the multi-factorial contributions and the potential trade-offs with mechanical performance. This makes it much more difficult to isolate clear trends. The objective of the present work is to present a comprehensive review on the influence reinforcing fibres play on wear behaviour of PMCs. The influence of fibre volume fraction on wear performance of polymeric composites reinforced with man-made fibres is presented. The applied load, fibre length, coefficient of friction and chemical treatment of fibres are analysed with respect to wear performance of PMCs. Future trends in the use of fibre-reinforced polymeric composites in wear critical applications are identified. Research gaps in designing composites for wear applications are explained, aiming at motivating future research to address these gaps.
- Published
- 2021
36. Effects of biomechanical forces on the biological behavior of cancer stem cells
- Author
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Wei Fan Lin, Bo Ren Tian, and Yan Zhang
- Subjects
Treatment design ,Tumor microenvironment ,cancer stem cell ,Cancer ,Fluid shear stress ,Review ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Mechanical components ,shear stress ,Oncology ,Cancer stem cell ,compression and tension ,Cancer cell ,matrix stiffness ,Cancer research ,medicine ,tumor microenvironment ,Malignant progression - Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), dynamic subsets of cancer cells, are responsible for malignant progression. The unique properties of CSCs, including self-renewal, differentiation, and malignancy, closely depend on the tumor microenvironment. Mechanical components in the microenvironment, including matrix stiffness, fluid shear stress, compression and tension stress, affect the fate of CSCs and further influence the cancer process. This paper reviews recent studies of mechanical components and CSCs, and further discusses the intrinsic correlation among them. Regulatory mechanisms of mechanical microenvironment, which act on CSCs, have great potential for clinical application and provide different perspectives to drugs and treatment design.
- Published
- 2021
37. Self-repairing mechanical components using artificial Intelligence
- Author
-
Pleșa Mihail Iulian
- Subjects
Computer science ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Modeling and Simulation ,Self repairing ,Ocean Engineering ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Management Science and Operations Research ,business ,Instrumentation ,Mechanical components ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
In this paper, we study the applicability of artificial intelligence for designing mechanical components that can repair themselves. We use the Cellular Automata (CA) model implemented as a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to simulate the automatic growth and repair of a mechanical component from a small seed. Concretely, we start with an empty 2D grid of cells. Using the CNN, the cells will learn to self-organize into the image of a mechanical component. We simulate the damage to the component by deleting some parts of the imagine and show how they are automatically regenerated.
- Published
- 2021
38. Designing for change: The poetic potential of responsive architecture
- Author
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Mark Meagher
- Subjects
Responsive architecture ,Poetics ,Mechanical components ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 - Abstract
The integration of responsive components in architecture offers the potential to enhance the experience of the building by giving expression to fleeting, changeable aspects of the environment. Responsive buildings enable a physical response to changes in the environment through specific building elements; in rare cases these responsive elements become an integral and poetic element of a culturally significant work of architecture. In this paper I examine two types of responsiveness, one which concerns the changing environment and another the activities and needs of the building׳s inhabitants. I look at two examples of buildings that illustrate a potential poetic role for architectural components responding to these two types of change, and propose that architects will need to acquire experience with designing for specific rates, scales and types of change before responsive elements will more frequently appear as a poetic and integral part of the building.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Selection of a mother wavelet as identification pattern for the detection of cracks in shafts
- Author
-
María Jesús Gómez García, Marta Zamorano, and Cristina Castejón
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Aerospace Engineering ,Condition monitoring ,Pattern recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Mechanical components ,Wavelet packet decomposition ,Vibration ,Identification (information) ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Wavelet ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Automotive Engineering ,General Materials Science ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Selection (genetic algorithm) - Abstract
Nowadays, there are many methods to detect and diagnose defects in mechanical components during operation. The newest methods that can be found in the literature are based on intelligent classification systems and evaluation of patterns to obtain a diagnosis; however, there is not any standard method to assess features. Wavelet packet transform allows to obtain interesting patterns for evaluating the condition of rotating elements. To perform this calculation, it is necessary to select a series of parameters that affect the resulting pattern. These parameters are the decomposition level and the mother wavelet function. A detailed methodology for the selection of the mother wavelet is proposed, which is the aim of this work, to obtain the most suitable patterns in the diagnostic task. This proposed methodology is applied to data obtained from a rotating shaft with a crack located at the change of section. These signals were measured at low rotation frequency (below the critical rotation frequency) and without eccentricity, where detection becomes more complex.
- Published
- 2021
40. Consideration of cyclic hardening and residual stresses in fatigue life calculations with the local strain approach
- Author
-
David Kühne, Markus Kästner, Alexander Brosius, Boris, and Melanie Fiedler
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Materials science ,Critical stress ,Strain (chemistry) ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Forming processes ,02 engineering and technology ,Structural engineering ,Mechanical components ,Finite element simulation ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Residual stress ,Crack initiation ,Hardening (metallurgy) ,business - Abstract
The local strain approach (LSA) is an established concept to calculate the fatigue life of mechanical components for failure criterion crack initiation in several fields of engineering. In an elastic static finite element simulation, the critical stress state is detected and forms the basis for an elastic–plastic fatigue calculation with the LSA in a post-processing routine. This paper introduces extension options of the LSA to consider the influences of forming processes on the fatigue life of components.
- Published
- 2021
41. Generalized A-GPSFS and modeling of vibrating elements with internal complexities
- Author
-
Arcangelo Messina
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Mode (statistics) ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Mechanical components ,Vibration ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Global Positioning System ,Piecewise ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Mechanical components containing internal complexities in free vibration mode are analyzed through generalized bases made of global piecewise smooth functions. Such bases introduced in 2002, as GPS...
- Published
- 2021
42. A printable active network actuator built from an engineered biomolecular motor
- Author
-
Zhao Du, Takahiro Nitta, Yuichi Hiratsuka, Keisuke Morishima, and Yingzhe Wang
- Subjects
Computer science ,Soft robotics ,Kinesins ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Microtubules ,01 natural sciences ,Mechanical components ,Engineering ,Molecular motor ,General Materials Science ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Robotics ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Mechanics of Materials ,Printing, Three-Dimensional ,Artificial intelligence ,0210 nano-technology ,Actuator ,business ,Active networking - Abstract
Leveraging the motion and force of individual molecular motors in a controlled manner to perform macroscopic tasks can provide substantial benefits to many applications, including robotics. Nonetheless, although millimetre-scale movement has been demonstrated with synthetic and biological molecular motors, their efficient integration into engineered systems that perform macroscopic tasks remains challenging. Here, we describe an active network capable of macroscopic actuation that is hierarchically assembled from an engineered kinesin, a biomolecular motor, and microtubules, resembling the contractile units in muscles. These contracting materials can be formed in desired areas using patterned ultraviolet illumination, allowing their incorporation into mechanically engineered systems, being also compatible with printing technologies. Due to the designed filamentous assembly of kinesins, the generated forces reach the micronewton range, enabling actuation of millimetre-scale mechanical components. These properties may be useful for the fabrication of soft robotic systems with advanced functionalities.
- Published
- 2021
43. Advanced Metaheuristic Techniques for Mechanical Design Problems: Review
- Author
-
Diego Oliva, Ahmed A. Ewees, Mohamed Abd Elaziz, Ammar H. Elsheikh, Songfeng Lu, and Laith Abualigah
- Subjects
Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,020209 energy ,Applied Mathematics ,02 engineering and technology ,Industrial engineering ,Mechanical components ,Computer Science Applications ,Mechanical system ,Product lifecycle ,Metaheuristic algorithms ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Mechanical design ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Engineering design process ,Metaheuristic - Abstract
The design of complex mechanical components is a time-consuming process which involves many design variables with multiple interacted objectives and constraints. Traditionally, the design process of mechanical components is performed manually depending on the intuition and experience of the designer. In recent decades, automatic methods have been proposed to effectively search diverse and large parameter spaces. There is a growing interest in design optimization of mechanical systems using metaheuristic algorithms to improve the product lifecycle and performance and minimize the cost. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in design optimization of mechanical systems using metaheuristic algorithms to improve the product lifecycle and performance and minimize the cost. This review article demonstrates the applications of different metaheuristic algorithms in enhancing the design process of different mechanical systems. First, the basic concepts of common used metaheuristic algorithms are introduced. Then the applications of theses algorithms in optimization of different mechanical systems are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
44. Component-level failure analysis using multi-criteria hybrid approach to ensure reliable operation of wind turbines
- Author
-
Hazem Kaylani, Ammar Alkhalidi, Qutaiba Alhababsah, and Fayez Al-Oran
- Subjects
Wind power ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Computer science ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Analytic hierarchy process ,02 engineering and technology ,Hybrid approach ,Mechanical components ,Reliability engineering ,Multi criteria ,Component (UML) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,business ,Selection (genetic algorithm) - Abstract
Wind turbines are made of several electrical and mechanical components that are subject to several types of failures. Thus, the proper assessment of different failure modes and the selection of proper corrective actions will ensure the continuous and reliable functionality of wind turbines. In this research, the authors introduce a combined hybrid “Failure Modes and Effects Analysis” and “Analytic Hierarchy Process” (FMEA-AHP) method. This hybrid approach will be used to identify and analyze failure risk factors of wind turbine components. Firstly, FMEA is used to assess the impact of each component failure. Secondly, AHP is used to prioritize the severity of failures and the best measures aiming to reduce the risk of individual failures. The proposed measures, in this article, will enhance reliability and reduce operational costs of power generation using a wind turbine.
- Published
- 2021
45. Comparative case studies on ring gear fault diagnosis of planetary gearboxes using vibrations and acoustic emissions
- Author
-
Ralph Baltes, Elisabeth Clausen, and Félix Leaman
- Subjects
Ring (mathematics) ,Computer science ,Acoustics ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Fault (power engineering) ,01 natural sciences ,Mechanical components ,Turbine ,Vibration ,Vibration sensor ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Slow speed ,ddc:600 ,010301 acoustics ,Planetary gearbox - Abstract
Forschung im Ingenieurwesen (2021). doi:10.1007/s10010-021-00451-4, Published by Springer, Berlin ; Heidelberg
- Published
- 2021
46. Application and use of different aluminium alloys with respect to workability, strength and welding parameter optimization
- Author
-
Kaushal Kumar and Deekshant Varshney
- Subjects
Materials science ,020209 energy ,Automotive industry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Welding ,Mechanical components ,law.invention ,Specific strength ,law ,Aluminium ,Activated flux ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Aluminium alloy ,TIG welding ,Electronics ,business.industry ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Metallurgy ,General Engineering ,Aluminium Alloy ,Solar energy ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,chemistry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Systematic review ,TA1-2040 ,business - Abstract
Aluminium alloys are widely used in the fields of electric module packaging, electronic technology, automotive body structure, wind and solar energy management, due to the advantages of high specific strength, high processability, predominantly anti-erosion, increased conductivity, eco-friendly nature and recoverability. The objective of the study is to review the previous papers on aluminium usages, application, and workability parameters. The methodology adopted for the study is to use the structure literature review technique, and the time period selected for the study is 2008–2019 from the Scopus database. The findings of the study concluded that there are various types of aluminium alloys has been used by the previous researchers, and only 6061 is least explored aluminium alloy among all of them. The future scope of the study is to investigate using distinct activating fluxes for raising penetration & to understand consequences on mechanical components & rust behaviour of TIG-welded aluminium metal welds.
- Published
- 2021
47. Influence of the Vibration Parameters on the Destruction of Abrasives under Sliding Friction
- Author
-
O. Yu. Elagina, O. B. Dubinova, I. S. Kulikova, A. G. Buklakov, and Yu. S. Dubinov
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Energy distribution ,Abrasive ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Mechanical components ,Carbide ,Vibration ,Mandrel ,0103 physical sciences ,Thermal ,Axial load ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This article presents results of studying changes in the parameters of the vibration that occurs when a very hard composite material slides over a monolithic abrasive depending on the loading conditions and the materials of which the contacting elements are made. The vibration parameters are measured depending on the applied axial load, the relative displacement rate, and the material of the mandrel that holds the carbide element. The force induced by the vibration in the friction zone and its effect on the destruction characteristics of the abrasive are assessed. The influence of the vibration parameters on the energy distribution between the thermal and mechanical components under friction is shown.
- Published
- 2021
48. Analysis of Window Size and Statistical Features for SVM-based Fault Diagnosis in Bearings
- Author
-
Jusley da Silva Souza, Marcus Vinicios Luz dos Santos, Rafael Suzuki Bayma, and Alexandre Luiz Amarante Mesquita
- Subjects
Downtime ,Bearing (mechanical) ,General Computer Science ,business.industry ,Computer science ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Feature extraction ,Pattern recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Mechanical components ,law.invention ,Support vector machine ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Torque ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Early failure ,Classifier (UML) - Abstract
Bearings are mechanical components used in many rotating devices. They exhibit high failure rates which cause significant maintenance downtime. For this reason, there has been an increase in the efforts for designing techniques that allow early failure detection. Fault diagnostics systems based on machine learning are becoming increasingly prominent in this scenario. These techniques have three fundamental steps: signal acquisition, feature extraction and fault classification. The present work aims to provide a detailed analysis at the second and third steps, in the context of producing efficient statistical attributes for bearing fault recognition using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. More specifically, the classifier’s performance is studied considering different statistical features, class formulation and different sizes of the window over which features are computed.
- Published
- 2021
49. Direct observation of the impact of water droplets on oil replenishment in EHD lubricated contacts
- Author
-
Xu Changhong, Lu Huang, Xiang Liu, Jintao Wang, Zhang Jingyue, Dan Guo, and Lin Tong
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Direct observation ,Lubrication ,Contact zone ,Composite material ,Infrared microscopy ,Petroleum reservoir ,Mechanical components ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films - Abstract
Water is one of the most significant causes of lubrication failure. There is little research on the direct observation of the impact of water on lubrication properties. In this study, the influence of water on oil replenishment under different elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubricating conditions is evaluated using optical interferometry and infrared microscopy, and a dimensionless criterion when water influences the film thickness is proposed. Evidence shows that the scour displacing effect and emulsification of water/oil are the main reasons for the reduction in film thickness. Once a water droplet enters an oil reservoir around the critical contact zone, it hardly moves away. This aggravates starvation, reduces the center film thickness of the contact, and leads to lubrication failure of the mechanical components.
- Published
- 2021
50. Optical-Mechanical Configuration of Imaging Operation for Endoscopic Scanner: A Review
- Author
-
Yang Sing Leong, Norhana Arsad, Ahmad Ashrif A Bakar, Mohd Hadri Hafiz Mokhtar, Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Zan, and Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz
- Subjects
Scanner ,Optical fiber ,General Computer Science ,Disease detection ,Computer science ,scanning configuration ,Nonlinear vibration ,General Engineering ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,multimodal ,Iterative reconstruction ,Mechanical components ,law.invention ,TK1-9971 ,optical imaging ,Optical imaging ,law ,Electronic engineering ,Systems design ,General Materials Science ,Fiber scanner ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,optical feedback - Abstract
Miniaturized endoscopic scanners have had a significant impact on high-resolution optical imaging. Technological advancements in micro-electromechanical systems and optical fiber technology have resulted in various optical-mechanical configurations designed to fulfill specific requirements. However, it is still challenging to provide comprehensive, undistorted images with high-resolution images of target samples. This paper reviews the optical imaging techniques utilized in cantilever-based endoscopic scanners by analyzing and comparing their key performances, pros and cons, and corresponding optical components needed to develop the system. The concept of multimodal imaging is then highlighted by discussing its principle and current status in endoscopic scanners. We also reviewed the scanning configurations concerning their mechanical components, general structures, and drive signals for different scanning patterns. The feedback control aspect in endoscopic scanners is then highlighted. We discuss its role in mitigating undesired nonlinear vibration effects and provide a survey of the current implementations. Finally, we discuss the endoscopic scanners’ current and potential applications, artificial intelligence techniques in image reconstruction, and disease detection and provide recommendations on endoscopic scanner system design for future reference.
- Published
- 2021
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