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1. Severe 2010 cold-water event caused unprecedented mortality to corals of the Florida reef tract and reversed previous survivorship patterns.

Author

Diego Lirman, Stephanie Schopmeyer, Derek Manzello, Lewis J Gramer, William F Precht, Frank Muller-Karger, Kenneth Banks, Brian Barnes, Erich Bartels, Amanda Bourque, James Byrne, Scott Donahue, Janice Duquesnel, Louis Fisher, David Gilliam, James Hendee, Meaghan Johnson, Kerry Maxwell, Erin McDevitt, Jamie Monty, Digna Rueda, Rob Ruzicka, and Sara Thanner

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Coral reefs are facing increasing pressure from natural and anthropogenic stressors that have already caused significant worldwide declines. In January 2010, coral reefs of Florida, United States, were impacted by an extreme cold-water anomaly that exposed corals to temperatures well below their reported thresholds (16°C), causing rapid coral mortality unprecedented in spatial extent and severity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Reef surveys were conducted from Martin County to the Lower Florida Keys within weeks of the anomaly. The impacts recorded were catastrophic and exceeded those of any previous disturbances in the region. Coral mortality patterns were directly correlated to in-situ and satellite-derived cold-temperature metrics. These impacts rival, in spatial extent and intensity, the impacts of the well-publicized warm-water bleaching events around the globe. The mean percent coral mortality recorded for all species and subregions was 11.5% in the 2010 winter, compared to 0.5% recorded in the previous five summers, including years like 2005 where warm-water bleaching was prevalent. Highest mean mortality (15%-39%) was documented for inshore habitats where temperatures were

Published
2011
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2. The 2014-17 Global Coral Bleaching Event: The Most Severe and Widespread Coral Reef Destruction

Author

C. Mark Eakin, Denise Devotta, Scott Heron, Sean Connolly, Gang Liu, Erick Geiger, Jacqueline De La Cour, Andrea Gomez, William Skirving, Andrew Baird, Neal Cantin, Courtney Couch, Simon Donner, James Gilmour, Manuel Gonzalez-Rivero, Mishal Gudka, Hugo Harrison, Gregor Hodgson, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Andrew Hoey, Mia Hoogenboom, Terry Hughes, Meaghan Johnson, James Kerry, Jennifer Mihaly, Aarón Muñiz-Castillo, David Obura, Morgan Pratchett, Andrea Rivera-Sosa, Claire Ross, Jennifer Stein, Angus Thompson, Gergely Torda, T. Shay Viehman, Cory Walter, Shaun Wilson, Benjamin Marsh, Blake Spady, Noel Dyer, Thomas Adam, Mahsa Alidoostsalimi, Parisa Alidoostsalimi, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Mariana Álvarez-Noriega, Keisha Bahr, Peter Barnes, José Barraza Sandoval, Julia Baum, Andrew Bauman, Maria Beger, Kathryn Berry, Pia Bessell-Browne, Lionel Bigot, Victor Bonito, Ole Brodnicke, David Burdick, Deron Burkepile, April Burt, John Burt, Ian Butler, Jamie Caldwell, Yannick Chancerelle, Chaolun Allen Chen, Kah-Leng Cherh, Michael Childress, Darren Coken, Georgia Coward, M. James Crabbe, Thomas Dallison, Steve Dalton, Thomas DeCarlo, Crawford Drury, Ian Drysdale, Clinton Edwards, Linda Eggertsen, Eylem Elma, Rosmin Ennis, Richard Evans, Gal Eyal, Douglas Fenner, Baruch Figueroa-Zavala, Jay Fisch, Michael Fox, Elena Gadoutsis, Antoine Gilbert, Andrew Halford, Tom Heintz, James Hewlett, Jean-Paul A. Hobbs, Whitney Hoot, Peter Houk, Lyza Johnston, Michelle Johnston, Hajime Kayanne, Emma Kennedy, Ruy Kikuchi, Ulrike Kloiber, Haruko Koike, Lindsey Kramer, Chao-Yang Kuo, Judy Lang, Abigail Leadbeater, Zelinda Leão, Jen Lee, Cynthia Lewis, Diego Lirman, Guilherme Longo, Chancey MacDonald, Sangeeta Mangubhai, Isabel da Silva, Christophe Mason-Parker, Vanessa McDonough, Melanie McField, Thayná Mello, Celine Miternique - Agathe, Stephan Moldzio, Alison Monroe, Monica Montefalcone, Kevin Moses, Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi, Rodrigo Moura, Chathurika Munasinghe, Takashi Nakamura, Jean-Benoit Nicet, Marissa Nuttall, Marilia Oliveira, Hazel Oxenford, John Pandolfi, Vardhan Patankar, Denise Perez, Nishan Perera, Derta Prabuning, William Precht, K. Diraviya Raj, James Reimer, Laura Richardson, Randi Rotjan, Nicole Ryan, Rod Salm, Stuart Sandin, Stephanie Schopmeyer, Mohammad Shokri, Jennifer Smith, Kylie Smith, S. R. Smith, Tyler Smith, Brigitte Sommer, Melina Soto, Helen Sykes, Kelley Tagarino, Marianne Teoh, Minh Thai, Tai Toh, Alex Tredinnick, Alex Tso, Harriet Tyley, Ali Ussi, Christian Vaterlaus, Mark Vermeij, Si Tuan Vo, Christian Voolstra, Hin Boo Wee, Bradley Weiler, Saleh Yahya, Thamasak Yeemin, Maren Ziegler, Tadashi Kimura, and Derek Manzello

Abstract

Ocean warming is increasing the incidence, scale, and severity of global-scale coral bleaching and mortality, culminating in the third global coral bleaching event that occurred during record marine heatwaves of 2014-2017. While local effects of these events have been widely reported, the global implications remain unknown. Analysis of 15,066 reef surveys during 2014-2017 revealed that 80% of surveyed reefs experienced significant coral bleaching and 35% experienced significant coral mortality. The global extent of significant coral bleaching and mortality was assessed by extrapolating results from reef surveys using comprehensive remote-sensing data of regional heat stress. This model predicted that 51% of the world’s coral reefs suffered significant bleaching and 15% significant mortality, surpassing damage from any prior global bleaching event. These observations demonstrate that global warming’s widespread damage to coral reefs is accelerating and underscores the threat anthropogenic climate change poses for the irreversible transformation of these essential ecosystems.

Published
2022
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3. Genomic patterns in

Author

Crawford, Drury, Stephanie, Schopmeyer, Elizabeth, Goergen, Erich, Bartels, Ken, Nedimyer, Meaghan, Johnson, Kerry, Maxwell, Victor, Galvan, Carrie, Manfrino, and Diego, Lirman

Subjects
conservation genetics, Florida Reef Tract, ecological restoration, intraspecific diversity, Next Generation Sequencing, population genetics, respiratory system, human activities, Acropora cervicornis, Original Research
Abstract

Threatened Caribbean coral communities can benefit from high‐resolution genetic data used to inform management and conservation action. We use Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) to investigate genetic patterns in the threatened coral, Acropora cervicornis, across the Florida Reef Tract (FRT) and the western Caribbean. Results show extensive population structure at regional scales and resolve previously unknown structure within the FRT. Different regions also exhibit up to threefold differences in genetic diversity (He), suggesting targeted management based on the goals and resources of each population is needed. Patterns of genetic diversity have a strong spatial component, and our results show Broward and the Lower Keys are among the most diverse populations in Florida. The genetic diversity of Caribbean staghorn coral is concentrated within populations and within individual reefs (AMOVA), highlighting the complex mosaic of population structure. This variance structure is similar over regional and local scales, which suggests that in situ nurseries are adequately capturing natural patterns of diversity, representing a resource that can replicate the average diversity of wild assemblages, serving to increase intraspecific diversity and potentially leading to improved biodiversity and ecosystem function. Results presented here can be translated into specific goals for the recovery of A. cervicornis, including active focus on low diversity areas, protection of high diversity and connectivity, and practical thresholds for responsible restoration.

Published
2017

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