137 results on '"Mead Johnson Nutrition"'
Search Results
2. Early DHA/ARA Supplementation in Growth-restricted Very Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
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Mead Johnson Nutrition and Ariel A. Salas, Principal Investigator
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- 2024
3. Effect of Infant Formula With Bovine Lactoferrin and Low Iron Concentration on Infant Health and Immune Function (LIME)
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University of California, Mead Johnson Nutrition, and Staffan Berglund, MD, PhD
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- 2024
4. Growing Up Formula Versus Nutritional Supplements: Effect on Catch up Growth, Micronutrient Status, and Solid Foods Intake in Toddlers With Mild or Moderate Malnutrition (KEEP Growing)
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Children's Hospital Colorado and Mead Johnson Nutrition
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- 2024
5. Effect of Vitamin D in Diets of Preterm Infants
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Mead Johnson Nutrition, The Children's Nutrition Research Center, and Amy Hair, Assistant Professor
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- 2024
6. FIT to Grow Old - Functionality of the Immune System and Healthy Aging (FTGO)
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Top Consortium for Knowledge and Innovation (TKI) Argi & Food, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Hycult Biotech, and Lydia A. Afman, Associate professor
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- 2024
7. Enfamil NeuroPro Study
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Mead Johnson Nutrition
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- 2023
8. PUFA Supplementation in Premature Infants
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Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Mead Johnson Nutrition, and Brandy Frost, Attending Neonatologist, Clinician Educator
- Published
- 2021
9. TRIGR - Primary Prevention Study for Type 1 Diabetes in Children at Risk (TRIGR)
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US Congress, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, European Community (EC), European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Academy of Finland, Diabetes Research Foundation, Finland, Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation, and Mikael Knip, Professor, Principal Investigator
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- 2021
10. Carbohydrate and Metabolism: a Pilot Study
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University of California, Davis and Mead Johnson Nutrition
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- 2020
11. Iron Treatment for Young Children With Non-anemic Iron Deficiency (OptEC)
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Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Mead Johnson Nutrition, Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada, Unity Health Toronto, and Patricia Parkin, Staff Paediatrician
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- 2019
12. Impact of Infant Formula on Resolution of Cow's Milk Allergy
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Mead Johnson Nutrition and Wayne G. Shreffler, MD, PhD, Principal Investigator
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- 2018
13. The Role of Filaggrin and FADS Genes on the Concentrations of PUFA Towards Its Effect on Atopic Dermatitis in Infants (FLG-FADSgen)
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Mead Johnson Nutrition and M.F.Conny Tanjung, MD, MD
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- 2018
14. Fortified Milk, Growth and Micronutrient Status in Mexican Toddlers (MilkGrowth)
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Mead Johnson Nutrition and Mario Flores-Aldana, Medical Sciences Reasercher
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- 2018
15. Adjustable Fortification of Human Milk Fed to Chinese Preterm Infants
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Mead Johnson Nutrition and Danhua Wang, Professor
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- 2017
16. Effect of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG (LGG) on Infant Colic (LGG)
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Mead Johnson Nutrition and J. Marc Rhoads, Professor - Pediatrics, Gastroenterology
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- 2015
17. LCPUFA Supplementation: A Multi-Modality Imaging Study
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Mead Johnson Nutrition and Kathleen Gustafson, Ph.D., Research Associate Professor
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- 2015
18. Breastfeeding and Obesity on Offspring Body Composition
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Mead Johnson Nutrition and David A. Fields, PhD, Associate Professor
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- 2015
19. Fermentation Rate of Infant Formula
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Mead Johnson Nutrition
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- 2015
20. Prebiotics in Prevention of Atopy (PIPA)
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Mead Johnson Nutrition and Alfredo Guarino, Head physician of Department of Translational Medical Science
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- 2014
21. Assessment of Arachidonic Acid Supplementation in Infant Formula on the Immune Response of Infants
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Mead Johnson Nutrition
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- 2014
22. Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG: Interaction With Human Microbiota and Immunity
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Academy of Finland, Mead Johnson Nutrition, and Prof. Erika Isolauri
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- 2010
23. EPAT: Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Trial
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Mead Johnson Nutrition
- Published
- 2009
24. DHA Supplements to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Pregnant Women (The Omega-3 Pregnancy Study)
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Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH), Mead Johnson Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., and Debra A. Krummel, PhD, RD
- Published
- 2009
25. Microbiota-related Changes in Bile Acid & Tryptophan Metabolism are Associated with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Autism
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Science Foundation Ireland, Irish Government, European Commission, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Golubeva, Anna V., Joyce, Susan A., Moloney, Gerard, Burokas, Aurelijus, Sherwin, Eoin, Arboleya, Silvia, Flynn, Ian, Khochanskiy, Dmitry, Moya-Pérez, Angela, Peterson, Veronica, Rea, Kieran, Murphy, Kiera, Makarova, Olga, Buravkov, Sergey, Hyland, Niall P., Stanton, Catherine, Clarke, Gerard, Gahan, Cormac G. M., Dinan, Timothy G., Cryan, John F., Science Foundation Ireland, Irish Government, European Commission, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Golubeva, Anna V., Joyce, Susan A., Moloney, Gerard, Burokas, Aurelijus, Sherwin, Eoin, Arboleya, Silvia, Flynn, Ian, Khochanskiy, Dmitry, Moya-Pérez, Angela, Peterson, Veronica, Rea, Kieran, Murphy, Kiera, Makarova, Olga, Buravkov, Sergey, Hyland, Niall P., Stanton, Catherine, Clarke, Gerard, Gahan, Cormac G. M., Dinan, Timothy G., and Cryan, John F.
- Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions worldwide. There is growing awareness that ASD is highly comorbid with gastrointestinal distress and altered intestinal microbiome, and that host-microbiome interactions may contribute to the disease symptoms. However, the paucity of knowledge on gut-brain axis signaling in autism constitutes an obstacle to the development of precision microbiota-based therapeutics in ASD. To this end, we explored the interactions between intestinal microbiota, gut physiology and social behavior in a BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J mouse model of ASD. Here we show that a reduction in the relative abundance of very particular bacterial taxa in the BTBR gut – namely, bile-metabolizing Bifidobacterium and Blautia species, - is associated with deficient bile acid and tryptophan metabolism in the intestine, marked gastrointestinal dysfunction, as well as impaired social interactions in BTBR mice. Together these data support the concept of targeted manipulation of the gut microbiota for reversing gastrointestinal and behavioral symptomatology in ASD, and offer specific plausible targets in this endeavor.
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- 2017
26. Manufacturing process influences properties of probiotic bacteria
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Academy of Finland, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Grzeskowiak, Lukasz, Isolauri, Erika, Salminen, Seppo, Gueimonde Fernández, Miguel, Academy of Finland, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Grzeskowiak, Lukasz, Isolauri, Erika, Salminen, Seppo, and Gueimonde Fernández, Miguel
- Abstract
Production and manufacturing methods and the food carrier may influence the properties of probiotic strains, and have an impact on the outcome of clinical intervention studies. The aim of the present study was to establish whether the properties of a specific probiotic strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, may differ depending on the product and source of the strain. In total, fifteen different L. rhamnosus isolates, among them fourteen labelled as L. rhamnosus GG, were isolated from specific probiotic products. The micro-organisms were phenotypically and genotypically characterised. Their adhesion properties were compared using the human intestinal mucus model, and the ability of the isolates to influence model pathogen adhesion to human colonic mucus was assessed. All L. rhamnosus isolates used were confirmed as members of the species L. rhamnosus. Except the reference strain OL, all L. rhamnosus isolates showed randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles identical to that of L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103). All L. rhamnosus isolates showed similar tolerance to acid and were able to bind to human colonic mucus. However, pathogen exclusion by inhibition and competition varied significantly among the different L. rhamnosus isolates and pathogens tested. The results suggest that different sources of the same probiotic may have significantly altered strain properties. This should be considered in in vivo studies on human subjects and also for quality control of probiotic products. © The Authors 2010.
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- 2011
27. Air pollution and IgE sensitization in 4 European birth cohorts—the MeDALL project
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Magnus Wickman, Alet H. Wijga, Andrea von Berg, Gerard H. Koppelman, Inger Kull, Erik Melén, Anna Bergström, Tamara Schikowski, Judith M. Vonk, Dietrich Berdel, Joachim Heinrich, Marianne van Hage, Josep M. Antó, Christian Lupinek, Jean Bousquet, Olena Gruzieva, Rudolf Valenta, Iana Markevych, E. Thiering, Ulrike Gehring, Hicran Altug, Marie Standl, Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 211250, 261357 POIR.04.04.00-1763/18-00 Mead Johnson Nutrition Scottish Environment Protection Agency, SEPA European Commission, EC European Research Council, ERC: 757919 Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, FNP Austrian Science Fund, FWF: F4605 Hjärt-Lungfonden Karolinska Institutet, KI Vetenskapsrådet, VR Institut Universitaire de France, IUF: FKZ 20462296 Seventh Framework Programme, FP7 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd, FORTE: 2017-01146 European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Government Council on Grants, Russian Federation Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, BMBWF Helmholtz Zentrum München, The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program under grant agreement numbers: 211250 (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects [ESCAPE]), and 261357 (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy [MeDALL]). Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology (BAMSE) was supported by The Swedish Research Council, The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Region Stockholm (ALF project, and database maintenance), the Strategic Research Programme in Epidemiology at Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish Research Council Formas and the Swedish Environment Protection Agency, the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Research Foundation, the Cancer and Allergy Foundation. E.M. is supported by a grant from the European Research Council (grant agreement 757919, TRIBAL). O.G. is supported by the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE 2017-01146). R.V. is supported the by Austrian Science Fund (grant F4605) and is a recipient of a Megagrant of the Government of the Russian Federation (grant 14.W03.31.0024). The Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) study was supported by project grants from The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, The Netherlands Asthma Fund, The Netherlands Ministry of Spatial Planning, Housing, and the Environment, and The Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport. U.G. was supported by a Grant of The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. The German Infant Study on the Influence of Nutrition Intervention PLUS Environmental and Genetic Influences on Allergy Development (GINIplus) study was mainly supported for the first 3 years of the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (interventional arm) and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (formerly GSF) (observational arm). The 4-year, 6-year, 10-year, and 15-year follow-up examinations of the GINIplus study were covered from the respective budgets of the 5 study centers (Helmholtz Zentrum Munich [formerly GSF], Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel, LMU Munich, TU Munich), and from year 6 onward it was also supported with funding from from IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of D?sseldorf and by a grant from the Federal Ministry for Environment (IUF D?sseldorf [grant FKZ 20462296]). Furthermore, the 15-year follow-up examination of the GINIplus study was supported by the Commission of the European Communities, the Seventh Framework Program MeDALL project, and by the companies Mead Johnson and Nestl?. The Influences of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Human Immune System and Development of Allergies in Childhood (LISA) study was mainly supported by grants from the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology and also from Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (formerly GSF), the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, the Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel, Pediatric Practice, and Bad Honnef for the first 2 years. The 4-year, 6-year, 10-year, and 15-year follow-up examinations of the LISA study were covered from the respective budgets of the involved partners (Helmholtz Zentrum Munich [formerly GSF], the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, the Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel, Pediatric Practice, Bad Honnef, and IUF?Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of D?sseldorf) and also by a grant from the Federal Ministry for Environment (IUF D?sseldorf [grant FKZ 20462296]). Furthermore, the 15-year follow-up examination of the LISA study was supported by the Commission of the European Communities, the Seventh Framework Program: MeDALL project. I.M. is supported by a grant from the NeuroSmog: Determining the Impact of Air Pollution on the Developing Brain (grant POIR.04.04.00-1763/18-00) which is implemented as part of the TEAM-NET programme of the Foundation for Polish Science and cofinanced with funding from European Union resources obtained from the European Regional Development Fund under the Smart Growth Operational Programme., The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program under grant agreement numbers: 211250 (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects [ESCAPE]), and 261357 (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy [MeDALL]). Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology (BAMSE) was supported by The Swedish Research Council, The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Region Stockholm (ALF project, and database maintenance), the Strategic Research Programme in Epidemiology at Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish Research Council Formas and the Swedish Environment Protection Agency, the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Research Foundation, the Cancer and Allergy Foundation . E.M. is supported by a grant from the European Research Council (grant agreement 757919 , TRIBAL). O.G. is supported by the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE 2017-01146 ). R.V. is supported the by Austrian Science Fund (grant F4605) and is a recipient of a Megagrant of the Government of the Russian Federation (grant 14.W03.31.0024). The Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) study was supported by project grants from The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, and The Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport. U.G. was supported by a Grant of The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. The German Infant Study on the Influence of Nutrition Intervention PLUS Environmental and Genetic Influences on Allergy Development (GINIplus) study was mainly supported for the first 3 years of the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (interventional arm) and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (formerly GSF) (observational arm). The 4-year, 6-year, 10-year, and 15-year follow-up examinations of the GINIplus study were covered from the respective budgets of the 5 study centers (Helmholtz Zentrum Munich [formerly GSF], Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel, LMU Munich, TU Munich), and from year 6 onward it was also supported with funding from from IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Düsseldorf and by a grant from the Federal Ministry for Environment (IUF Düsseldorf [grant FKZ 20462296]). Furthermore, the 15-year follow-up examination of the GINIplus study was supported by the Commission of the European Communities, the Seventh Framework Program MeDALL project , and by the companies Mead Johnson and Nestlé. The Influences of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Human Immune System and Development of Allergies in Childhood (LISA) study was mainly supported by grants from the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology and also from Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (formerly GSF), the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, the Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel, Pediatric Practice, and Bad Honnef for the first 2 years. The 4-year, 6-year, 10-year, and 15-year follow-up examinations of the LISA study were covered from the respective budgets of the involved partners (Helmholtz Zentrum Munich [formerly GSF], the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, the Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel, Pediatric Practice, Bad Honnef, and IUF–Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Düsseldorf) and also by a grant from the Federal Ministry for Environment (IUF Düsseldorf [grant FKZ 20462296]). Furthermore, the 15-year follow-up examination of the LISA study was supported by the Commission of the European Communities, the Seventh Framework Program: MeDALL project . I.M. is supported by a grant from the NeuroSmog: Determining the Impact of Air Pollution on the Developing Brain (grant POIR.04.04.00-1763/18-00 ) which is implemented as part of the TEAM-NET programme of the Foundation for Polish Science and cofinanced with funding from European Union resources obtained from the European Regional Development Fund under the Smart Growth Operational Programme., and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)
- Subjects
Male ,Allergy ,Respiratory Medicine and Allergy ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,air pollution ,010501 environmental sciences ,Immunoglobulin E ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,sensitization ,Cohort Studies ,Allergic sensitization ,0302 clinical medicine ,Allergen ,Fel d 1 ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Child ,Sensitization ,Lungmedicin och allergi ,Timothy-grass ,biology ,cohort ,Allergen extract ,3. Good health ,Europe ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,IgE ,allergen ,Adolescent ,Immunology ,Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin ,03 medical and health sciences ,children ,Hypersensitivity ,Humans ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Occupational Health and Environmental Health ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,meta-analysis ,030228 respiratory system ,13. Climate action ,biology.protein ,Air Pollution ,Children ,Cohort ,Ige ,Meta-analysis ,business - Abstract
Background: Whether long-term exposure air to pollution has effects on allergic sensitization is controversial. Objective: Our aim was to investigate associations of air pollution exposure at birth and at the time of later biosampling with IgE sensitization against common food and inhalant allergens, or specific allergen molecules, in children aged up to 16 years. Methods: A total of 6163 children from 4 European birth cohorts participating in the Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy [MeDALL] consortium were included in this meta-analysis of the following studies: Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology (BAMSE) (Sweden), Influences of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Human Immune System and Development of Allergies in Childhood (LISA)/German Infant Study on the Influence of Nutrition Intervention PLUS Environmental and Genetic Influences on Allergy Development (GINIplus) (Germany), and Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) (The Netherlands). The following indicators were modeled by land use regression: individual residential outdoor levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm, less than 10 μm, and between 2.5 and 10 μm; PM2.5 absorbance (a measurement of the blackness of PM2.5 filters); and nitrogen oxides levels. Blood samples drawn at ages 4 to 6 (n = 5989), 8 to 10 (n = 6603), and 15 to 16 (n = 5825) years were analyzed for IgE sensitization to allergen extracts by ImmunoCAP. Additionally, IgE against 132 allergen molecules was measured by using the MedALL microarray chip (n = 1021). Results: Air pollution was not consistently associated with IgE sensitization to any common allergen extract up to age 16 years. However, allergen-specific analyses suggested increased risks of sensitization to birch (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12 [95% CI = 1.01-1.25] per 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2 exposure). In a subpopulation with microarray data, IgE to the major timothy grass allergen Phleum pratense 1 (Phl p 1) and the cat allergen Felis domesticus 1 (Fel d 1) greater than 3.5 Immuno Solid-phase Allergen Chip standardized units for detection of IgE antibodies were related to PM2.5 exposure at birth (OR = 3.33 [95% CI = 1.40-7.94] and OR = 4.98 [95% CI = 1.59-15.60], respectively, per 5-μg/m3 increase in exposure). Conclusion: Air pollution exposure does not seem to increase the overall risk of allergic sensitization; however, sensitization to birch as well as grass pollen Phl p 1 and cat Fel d 1 allergen molecules may be related to specific pollutants. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program under grant agreement numbers: 211250 (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects [ESCAPE]), and 261357 (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy [MeDALL]). Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology (BAMSE) was supported by The Swedish Research Council, The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Region Stockholm (ALF project, and database maintenance), the Strategic Research Programme in Epidemiology at Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish Research Council Formas and the Swedish Environment Protection Agency, the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Research Foundation, the Cancer and Allergy Foundation. E.M. is supported by a grant from the European Research Council (grant agreement 757919, TRIBAL). O.G. is supported by the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE 2017-01146).
- Published
- 2021
28. Administration of Extensive Hydrolysates From Caseins and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Probiotic Does Not Prevent Cow’s Milk Proteins Allergy in a Mouse Model
- Author
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Adel-Patient, Karine, Guinot, Marine, Guillon, Blanche, Bernard, Hervé, Chikhi, Amina, Hazebrouck, Stéphane, Junot, Christophe, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella [Oran], INRAE (InstitutNational de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement), and Mead Johnson Nutrition
- Subjects
mouse model ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Immunology ,T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ,Antibodies ,cow’s milk ,prevention ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cells, Cultured ,Original Research ,Immunity, Cellular ,food allergy ,hydrolyzed formulas ,Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ,Probiotics ,Caseins ,T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ,Immunity, Humoral ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Cytokines ,[SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology ,Female ,Milk Hypersensitivity ,Spleen ,probiotic - Abstract
International audience; Background: Early nutrition may influence the development of food allergies later in life. In the absence of breastfeeding, hydrolysates from cow’s milk proteins (CMP) were indicated as a prevention strategy in at risk infants, but their proof of effectiveness in clinical and pre-clinical studies is still insufficient. Thanks to a validated mouse model, we then assessed specific and nonspecific preventive effects of administration of extensive hydrolysates from caseins (eHC) on the development of food allergy to CMP. The additional nonspecific effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus GG (LGG), commonly used in infant formula, was also assessed.Methods: Groups of young BALB/cByJ female mice were pretreated by repeated gavage either with PBS (control mice), or with PBS solution containing non-hydrolyzed milk protein isolate (MPI), eHC or eHC+LGG (eq. of 10 mg of protein/gavage). All mice were then experimentally sensitized to CMP by gavage with whole CM mixed with the Th2 mucosal adjuvant Cholera toxin. All mice were further chronically exposed to cow’s milk. A group of mice was kept naïve. Sensitization to both caseins and to the non-related whey protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG) was evaluated by measuring specific antibodies in plasma and specific ex vivo Th2/Th1/Th17 cytokine secretion. Elicitation of the allergic reaction was assessed by measuring mMCP1 in plasma obtained after oral food challenge (OFC) with CMP. Th/Treg cell frequencies in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry at the end of the protocol. Robust statistical procedure combining non-supervised and supervised multivariate analyses and univariate analyses, was conducted to reveal any effect of the pretreatments.Results: PBS pretreated mice were efficiently sensitized and demonstrated elicitation of allergic reaction after OFC, whereas mice pretreated with MPI were durably protected from allergy to CMP. eHC+/-LGG pretreatments had no protective effect on sensitization to casein (specific) or BLG (non-specific), nor on CMP-induced allergic reactions. Surprisingly, eHC+LGG mice demonstrated significantly enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses after sensitization with CMP. Only some subtle changes were evidenced by flow cytometry.Conclusion: Neither specific nor nonspecific preventive effects of administration of casein-derived peptides on the development of CMP food allergy were evidenced in our experimental setup. Further studies should be conducted to delineate the mechanisms involved in the immunostimulatory potential of LGG and to clarify its significance in clinical use.
- Published
- 2020
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29. Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health
- Author
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Blaak, E. E., Canfora, E. E., Theis, S., Frost, G., Groen, A. K., Mithieux, G., Nauta, A., Scott, K., Stahl, B., van Harsselaar, J., van Tol, R., Vaughan, E. E., Verbeke, K., Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Südzucker Group [Mannheim, Germany] (SG), Imperial College London, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of Groningen [Groningen], Nutrition, diabète et cerveau, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), FrieslandCampina [Amersfoort, the Netherlands] (FC), University of Aberdeen, Danone Nutricia Research [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Reckitt Benckiser/Mead Johnson Nutrition [Nijmegen, the Netherlands] (RB/MJN), Sensus (Royal Cosun) [Roosendaal, the Netherlands], Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [Leuven, Belgium] (TARGID), Nutrition, diabète et cerveau (NUDICE), Di Carlo, Marie-Ange, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Gastrointestinal Diseases ,BUTYRATE-PRODUCING BACTERIA ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glucose homeostasis ,Food science ,2. Zero hunger ,GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 ,CALCIUM-ABSORPTION ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,dietary fibre ,Dietary fibre ,food and beverages ,Sodium butyrate ,Glucagon-like peptide-1 ,3. Good health ,PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR ,ADIPOSE-TISSUE ,ULCERATIVE-COLITIS ,Butyrate-Producing Bacteria ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Animal studies ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,DIET-INDUCED OBESITY ,Metabolic health ,SODIUM-BUTYRATE ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Butyrate ,Biology ,Microbiology ,digestive system ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Animals ,Humans ,Obesity ,Microbiome ,[SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,metabolic health ,Science & Technology ,Host Microbial Interactions ,Nutrition & Dietetics ,Fatty Acids, Volatile ,SCFA ,gut health ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Prebiotics ,030104 developmental biology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,chemistry ,BARRIER FUNCTION ,INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS ,Gut health ,prebiotics - Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that short chain fatty acids (SCFA) play an important role in the maintenance of gut and metabolic health. The SCFA acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced from the microbial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates and appear to be key mediators of the beneficial effects elicited by the gut microbiome. Microbial SCFA production is essential for gut integrity by regulating the luminal pH, mucus production, providing fuel for epithelial cells and effects on mucosal immune function. SCFA also directly modulate host metabolic health through a range of tissue-specific mechanisms related to appetite regulation, energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis and immunomodulation. Therefore, an increased microbial SCFA production can be considered as a health benefit, but data are mainly based on animal studies, whereas well-controlled human studies are limited. In this review an expert group by ILSI Europe's Prebiotics Task Force discussed the current scientific knowledge on SCFA to consider the relationship between SCFA and gut and metabolic health with a particular focus on human evidence. Overall, the available mechanistic data and limited human data on the metabolic consequences of elevated gut-derived SCFA production strongly suggest that increasing SCFA production could be a valuable strategy in the preventing gastro-intestinal dysfunction, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need for well controlled longer term human SCFA intervention studies, including measurement of SCFA fluxes and kinetics, the heterogeneity in response based on metabolic phenotype, the type of dietary fibre and fermentation site in fibre intervention studies and the control for factors that could shape the microbiome like diet, physical activity and use of medication. ispartof: BENEFICIAL MICROBES vol:11 issue:5 pages:411-455 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published
- Published
- 2020
30. Manufacturing process influences properties of probiotic bacteria
- Author
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Seppo Salminen, Łukasz Grześkowiak, Erika Isolauri, Miguel Gueimonde, Academy of Finland, and Mead Johnson Nutrition
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ,Colon ,Probiotic bacteria ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Bacterial Adhesion ,law.invention ,Microbiology ,Probiotic ,fluids and secretions ,Species Specificity ,Lactobacillus rhamnosus ,law ,Lactobacillus ,Humans ,Industry ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Pathogen ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,Strain (chemistry) ,Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ,Probiotics ,food and beverages ,Lactobacillaceae ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,biology.organism_classification ,Mucus ,Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ,Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ,Adhesion ,Food matrix ,Microbial Interactions ,Bacteria - Abstract
Production and manufacturing methods and the food carrier may influence the properties of probiotic strains, and have an impact on the outcome of clinical intervention studies. The aim of the present study was to establish whether the properties of a specific probiotic strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, may differ depending on the product and source of the strain. In total, fifteen different L. rhamnosus isolates, among them fourteen labelled as L. rhamnosus GG, were isolated from specific probiotic products. The micro-organisms were phenotypically and genotypically characterised. Their adhesion properties were compared using the human intestinal mucus model, and the ability of the isolates to influence model pathogen adhesion to human colonic mucus was assessed. All L. rhamnosus isolates used were confirmed as members of the species L. rhamnosus. Except the reference strain OL, all L. rhamnosus isolates showed randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles identical to that of L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103). All L. rhamnosus isolates showed similar tolerance to acid and were able to bind to human colonic mucus. However, pathogen exclusion by inhibition and competition varied significantly among the different L. rhamnosus isolates and pathogens tested. The results suggest that different sources of the same probiotic may have significantly altered strain properties. This should be considered in in vivo studies on human subjects and also for quality control of probiotic products. © The Authors 2010., The present study was supported by the Academy of Finland (grant no. 126835) and a grant from Mead Johnson Nutrition.
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- 2011
31. Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake Among US Women Aged 20 to 44 Years.
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Miketinas D, Luo H, Firth JA, Bailey A, Bender T, Gross G, and Brink L
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- Humans, Female, Adult, Pregnancy, Cross-Sectional Studies, United States, Young Adult, Nutrients administration & dosage, Nutritional Status, Dietary Supplements statistics & numerical data, Diet statistics & numerical data, Micronutrients administration & dosage, Nutrition Surveys
- Abstract
Importance: Nutritional status before and during pregnancy is important for maternal health and fetal growth and development., Objective: To describe secular trends in nutrient intake from foods, beverages, and supplements among pregnant and nonpregnant women of reproductive age in the US., Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a secondary series of cross-sectional analyses of the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Pregnant (n = 1392) and nonpregnant (n = 9737) women aged 20 to 44 years who provided at least 1 reliable dietary recall were included for analysis. These analyses were performed between February 2022 and July 2024., Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcomes included the mean usual intake of macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as the prevalence of inadequate intake of micronutrients., Results: This representative sample included 1392 pregnant women (mean [SE] age, 28.5 [0.3] years) and 9737 nonpregnant women (mean [SE] age, 32.2 [0.1] years). Among pregnant women, a weighted mean (SE) of 27.0% (1.8%) of women were in their first trimester, and 33.8% (2.2%) were in their second trimester. Mean (SE) carbohydrate intake decreased between 1999-2000 and 2013-2018 among pregnant women (306.9 [7.6] to 274.9 [5.7] g/d; β = -2.1 [0.4]; P < .001) and between 1999-2000 and 2017-2018 among nonpregnant women (251.9 [4.9] to 216.9 [3.3] g/d; β = -1.9 [0.4]; P = .002). Between 1999-2000 and 2013-2018, the proportion of pregnant women who consumed below the Estimated Average Requirement of vitamin A increased by 10.9 percentage points (pp) (95% CI, 5.2-16.7 pp), and the proportion of pregnant women who consumed below the Estimated Average Requirement of vitamin C increased by 8.9 pp (95% CI, 3.9-14.0 pp). Similarly, the proportion of nonpregnant women with inadequate intake of vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron increased by 19.9 pp (95% CI, 12.3-27.5 pp), 11.1 pp (95% CI, 4.5-17.7 pp), and 4.9 pp (95% CI, 1.7-8.2 pp), respectively, between 1999-2000 and 2017-2018. The mean (SE) calcium intake increased from 1120.6 (41.4) to 1308.7 (49.0) mg/d for pregnant women (β = 11.7 [4.3]; P = .03) and from 849.5 (19.8) to 981.2 (27.9) mg/d for nonpregnant women (β = 6.7 [2.6]; P = .03; β2 = -1.3 [0.2]; P < .001). Among pregnant women, the prevalence of inadequate intake decreased by 16.1 pp (95% CI, 8.3-23.9 pp) for magnesium (P < .001) and 33.2 pp (95% CI, 24.0-42.4 pp) for vitamin K (P < .001); among nonpregnant women, the proportion with inadequate intake decreased by 16.1 pp (95% CI, 10.4-21.7 pp) for calcium (P < .001), 15.5 pp (95% CI, 7.3-23.6 pp) for magnesium (P < .001), and 33.3 pp (23.5-43.0 pp) for vitamin K (P < .001)., Conclusions and Relevance: This cross-sectional study of pregnant and nonpregnant women of reproductive age found that vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron intake decreased over the past 2 decades, which may have substantial maternal and fetal health implications. By identifying these nutrient gaps and trends in inadequate intake in this at-risk population, scientific, health care, and regulatory communities may be better poised to adopt recommendations to improve nutrient intake.
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- 2024
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32. Determination of Bovine Lactoferrin in Powdered Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by Heparin Affinity Extraction and Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ultraviolet Detection (HPLC/UV): Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2021.10.
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Frueh JL, Shu P, Vennard TR, Gray MA, and Phillips SC
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- Cattle, Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Heparin analysis, Heparin chemistry, Adult, Infant, Humans, Powders chemistry, Solid Phase Extraction methods, Chromatography, Reverse-Phase methods, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet methods, Food, Formulated analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Chromatography, Affinity methods, Lactoferrin analysis, Infant Formula chemistry
- Abstract
Background: Infant formulas, and pediatric and adult nutritional products, are being fortified with bovine lactoferrin (bLF) due to its beneficial impacts on immune development and gut health. Lactoferrin supplementation into these products requires an analytical method to accurately quantify the concentrations of bLF to meet global regulatory and quality standards., Objective: To develop and validate a lactoferrin method capable of meeting the AOAC INTERNATIONAL Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR®) 2020.005., Methods: Powder formula samples are extracted using warm dibasic phosphate buffer, pH 8, then centrifuged at 4°C to remove insoluble proteins, fat, and other solids. The soluble fraction is further purified on a HiTrap heparin solid-phase extraction (SPE) column to isolate bLF from interferences. Samples are filtered, then analyzed by LC-UV using a protein BEH C4 analytical column and quantitated using an external calibrant., Results: The LOQ (2 mg/100 g), repeatability (RSD: 2.0-4.8%), recovery (92.1-97.7%), and analytical range (4-193 mg/100 g) all meet the method requirements as stated in SMPR 2020.005 for lactoferrin., Conclusion: The reported single-laboratory validation (SLV) results demonstrate the ability of this lactoferrin method to meet or exceed the method performance requirements to measure soluble, intact, non-denatured bLF in infant and adult nutritional powder formulas., Highlights: The use of a heparin affinity column to isolate lactoferrin from bovine milk products combined with a selective analytical chromatographic column provides suitable analyte specificity without requiring proprietary equipment or reagents., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of AOAC INTERNATIONAL.)
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- 2024
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33. A novel LC-MS/MS method to characterize the antimicrobial lipid glycerol monolaurate in global human milk.
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Vennard T, Meredith NA, Maria SD, Brink L, Shah N, Morrow AL, Simmons R, Gray MA, and Phillips SC
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- Female, Humans, Monoglycerides, Milk, Human, Chromatography, Liquid, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, China, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Hypersensitivity
- Abstract
Glycerol monolaurate (GML), a monoglyceride found in human milk (HM), has antimicrobial properties against a broad spectrum of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In this study, an LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantifying GML in HM based on quantification of two distinct isomers, 1-monolaurin and 2-monolaurin. The method validation included assessments of selectivity (no interferences), linearity (r
2 range of 0.9954- 0.9985 and 96 of 98 individual points having residual <15%), accuracy (average recovery of 96.4% across both isomers and a range of spiked levels), and precision (total GML repeatability 6.6% RSD and intermediate precision 9.7% RSD). This validated method was used to measure the concentration of GML in unpasteurized HM from 60 mothers and compared geographical locations (Cincinnati and Shanghai), lactation time (weeks 2 and 26), and self-reported maternal allergy status (yes or no). Our findings suggest GML concentration in unpasteurized HM is considerably lower than previously reported in a study characterizing pasteurized HM. The data reported here highlights a novel, validated method used to quantify GML in HM and identified no differences in total GML concentrations when comparing HM from different geographical locations, lactation times, and mother's allergy status., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest TV, NAM, SDM, LB, RS, MAG, and SCP are all employees of Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition, NS was previously employed by Reckitt/Mead John Nutrition and ALM received funding from Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition for the GEHM study., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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34. Microbiota during pregnancy and early life: role in maternal-neonatal outcomes based on human evidence.
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Fasano A, Chassaing B, Haller D, Flores Ventura E, Carmen-Collado M, Pastor N, Koren O, and Berni Canani R
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- Humans, Pregnancy, Female, Infant, Newborn, Milk, Human microbiology, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Infant, Host Microbial Interactions, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Abstract
Here, we explored the vast potential of microbiome-based interventions in preventing and managing non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes, allergies, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, malnutrition, and cardiovascular diseases across different life stages. We discuss the intricate relationship between microbiome and non-communicable diseases, emphasizing on the "window of opportunity" for microbe-host interactions during the first years after birth. Specific biotics and also live biotherapeutics including fecal microbiota transplantation emerge as pivotal tools for precision medicine, acknowledging the "one size doesn't' fit all" aspect. Challenges in implementation underscore the need for advanced technologies, scientific transparency, and public engagement. Future perspectives advocate for understanding maternal-neonatal microbiome, exploring the maternal exposome and delving into human milk's role in the establishment and restoration of the infant microbiome and its influence over health and disease. An integrated scientific approach, employing multi-omics and accounting for inter-individual variance in microbiome composition and function appears central to unleash the full potential of early-life microbiome interventions in revolutionizing healthcare.
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- 2024
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35. Multi-accelerant approach for rapid shelf-life determination of beverages in polymeric packaging.
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Muniandy A, Benyathiar P, Ozadali F, and Mishra DK
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- Vitamins, Beverages, Vitamin A, Oxygen, Food Storage, Food Packaging methods
- Abstract
An effective analysis method with multiple accelerant factors is needed for shelf-life determination and prediction for food products with reduced analysis time. Raising the storage temperature is the most common approach utilized in the conventional accelerated shelf-life test (ASLT) to reduce the shelf-life testing time of food. Oxygen pressure as an accelerant for the shelf-life determination of food products has not been given much attention even though it has shown a negative impact on food shelf-life. Combining oxygen pressure and temperature as accelerants has the potential to further reduce the overall analysis time compared to the ASLT. This study focuses on the effects of applying oxygen pressure and temperature as multi-accelerants on the shelf-life of a shelf-stable product by investigating the extent of vitamins degradation and modeling the reaction using a mechanistic approach. A shelf-stable model food fortified with vitamins A, B1, C and D3 was developed to investigate the effect of multiple accelerants on the quality indicators of shelf-stable foods in a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) container. PET bottles filled with model food were placed in a high-pressure (138 kPa) 100% oxygen environment at 40 °C. This novel process is named as the ultra-accelerated shelf-life test (UASLT). Samples were also subjected to ASLT conditions at 40 °C and control condition at 22.5 °C, both at ambient pressure for comparison. UASLT treatment induced a rapid degradation of 27.1 ± 1.9%, 35.8 ± 1.0%, and 35.4 ± 0.7% in vitamins A, C and D3, respectively, in just 50 days. Slower degradation was observed with samples kept under the ASLT conditions for 105 days with a degradation of 24.0 ± 2.0%, 32.0 ± 3.1% and 25.1 ± 1.5% for vitamin A, C and D3, respectively. The control samples that were studied for 210 days showed 14.9 ± 5.0%, 13.8 ± 2.2% and 10.6 ± 0.8% degradation in vitamins A, C and D3, respectively. The increase in the ΔE values due to browning in samples kept at the UASLT, ASLT and control conditions were 11.67 ± 0.09, 7.49 ± 0.19 and 2.51 ± 0.11, respectively. The degradation of vitamin B1 was similar across the treatments. The addition of oxygen pressure significantly increased the degradation reaction rates of the vitamins and color due to the rapid influx of oxygen. A mechanistic model that coupled oxygen diffusion and simultaneous vitamin degradation provided a good fit to the experimental data for the UASLT treatment with a rate constant of 0.686, 0.631 and 0.422 M
-1 day-1 for vitamins C, D3 and A, respectively. Elevated external oxygen pressure can be used as an accelerant along with moderate temperatures for rapid shelf-life testing of products in polymeric packaging with two-fold reduction in the overall analysis time as compared to ASLT., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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36. Cognitive Performance during the Development of Diabetes in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat.
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Spoelder M, Bright Y, Morrison MC, van Kempen V, de Groodt L, Begalli M, Schuijt N, Kruiger E, Bulthuis R, Gross G, Kleemann R, van Diepen JA, and Homberg JR
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- Rats, Animals, Rats, Zucker, Rats, Long-Evans, Obesity metabolism, Insulin metabolism, Cognition, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism
- Abstract
Increased insulin levels may support the development of neural circuits involved in cognition, while chronic mild inflammation may also result in cognitive impairment. This study aimed to gain more insight into whether cognition is already impacted during adolescence in a genetic rat model for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Visual discrimination learning throughout adolescence and the level of motivation during early adulthood were investigated in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) obese and ZDF lean rats using operant touchscreens. Blood glucose, insulin, and lipids were longitudinally analyzed. Histological analyses were performed in the liver, white adipose tissues, and the prefrontal cortex. Prior to the experiments with the genetic ZDF research model, all experimental assays were performed in two groups of outbred Long Evans rats to investigate the effect of different feeding circumstances. Adolescent ZDF obese rats outperformed ZDF lean rats on visual discrimination performance. During the longitudinal cognitive testing period, insulin levels sharply increased over weeks in ZDF obese rats and were significantly enhanced from 6 weeks of age onwards. Early signs of liver steatosis and enlarged adipocytes in white adipose tissue were observed in early adult ZDF obese rats. Histological analyses in early adulthood showed no group differences in the number of prefrontal cortex neurons and microglia, nor PSD95 and SIRT1 mRNA expression levels. Together, our data show that adolescent ZDF obese rats even display enhanced cognition despite their early diabetic profile.
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- 2023
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37. Perceptions of the impact of a multidose human-milk fortifier on human-milk preparation practices in United States neonatal intensive care units: A survey of nutrition care team members.
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Gates A, Evans HV, Gatto AM, Le Vin J, Thornton JL, Langley K, Hodges BS, and Valentine C
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- Infant, Newborn, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Prospective Studies, Food, Fortified, Milk, Human, Surveys and Questionnaires, Patient Care Team, Infant, Premature, Nutritional Status
- Abstract
Background: In 2020, a multidose human-milk fortifier (MDHMF) was designed to improve the process of human-milk (HM) fortification. The bottle of MDHMF (5.5 oz, 163 ml) allows aseptic removal of HMF in a precise measure. This survey aimed to examine the experience of nutrition care team (NCT) members who used the MDHMF in a hospital setting., Methods: A survey link (Qualtrics XM) was sent to NCT leaders (N = 108) at hospitals who participated in an evaluation of the MDHMF from June 1, 2020, through April 30, 2021. The NCT leaders sent the survey to members at their prospective hospitals (n = 344). The investigators did not know the identities of the recipients of the survey and collected no identifying information on respondents. Respondents were asked to evaluate their experience with the MDHMF compared with their previous practice., Results: The majority of respondents (n = 63, 72%) reported that the MDHMF improved their HM preparation practices and was better than their previous practice for reducing the time to prepare (n = 33, 71.7%), ensuring the accuracy of fortified HM (n = 32, 69.6%), ensuring aseptic preparation (n = 24, 52.2%), reducing HM waste (n = 27, 58.7%), and being easy to use (n = 30, 65.2%). Those responsible for evaluating nutrition status answered that the MDHMF was the same for feeding tolerance (n = 41, 58.6%), weight gain (n = 47, 67.1%), head growth (n = 56, 81.2%), and length growth (n = 53, 76.8%)., Conclusion: US neonatal intensive care unit NCT members perceived that the MDHMF resulted in improved HM preparation practices while maintaining growth and tolerance., (© 2022 Reckitt Mead Johnson Nutrition. Nutrition in Clinical Practice published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.)
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- 2023
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38. The human milk component myo -inositol promotes neuronal connectivity.
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Paquette AF, Carbone BE, Vogel S, Israel E, Maria SD, Patil NP, Sah S, Chowdhury D, Kondratiuk I, Labhart B, Morrow AL, Phillips SC, Kuang C, Hondmann D, Pandey N, and Biederer T
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- Female, Infant, Humans, Animals, Mice, Rats, Neurons, Inositol pharmacology, Sugars, Milk, Human, Breast Feeding
- Abstract
Effects of micronutrients on brain connectivity are incompletely understood. Analyzing human milk samples across global populations, we identified the carbocyclic sugar myo -inositol as a component that promotes brain development. We determined that it is most abundant in human milk during early lactation when neuronal connections rapidly form in the infant brain. Myo -inositol promoted synapse abundance in human excitatory neurons as well as cultured rat neurons and acted in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, myo -inositol enhanced the ability of neurons to respond to transsynaptic interactions that induce synapses. Effects of myo -inositol in the developing brain were tested in mice, and its dietary supplementation enlarged excitatory postsynaptic sites in the maturing cortex. Utilizing an organotypic slice culture system, we additionally determined that myo -inositol is bioactive in mature brain tissue, and treatment of organotypic slices with this carbocyclic sugar increased the number and size of postsynaptic specializations and excitatory synapse density. This study advances our understanding of the impact of human milk on the infant brain and identifies myo -inositol as a breast milk component that promotes the formation of neuronal connections.
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- 2023
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39. Associations between breast milk intake volume, macronutrient intake and infant growth in a longitudinal birth cohort: the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF).
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Olga L, Vervoort J, van Diepen JA, Gross G, Petry CJ, Prentice PM, Chichlowski M, van Tol EAF, Hughes IA, Dunger DB, and Ong KK
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- Infant, Newborn, Humans, Infant, Female, Pregnancy, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Obesity, Eating, Carbohydrates analysis, Breast Feeding, Milk, Human chemistry
- Abstract
Growth patterns of breastfed infants show substantial inter-individual differences, partly influenced by breast milk (BM) nutritional composition. However, BM nutritional composition does not accurately indicate BM nutrient intakes. This study aimed to examine the associations between both BM intake volumes and macronutrient intakes with infant growth. Mother-infant dyads ( n 94) were recruited into the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF) from a single maternity hospital at birth; all infants received exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) for at least 6 weeks. Infant weight, length and skinfolds thicknesses (adiposity) were repeatedly measured from birth to 12 months. Post-feed BM samples were collected at 6 weeks to measure TAG (fat), lactose (carbohydrate) (both by
1 H-NMR) and protein concentrations (Dumas method). BM intake volume was estimated from seventy infants between 4 and 6 weeks using dose-to-the-mother deuterium oxide (2 H2 O) turnover. In the full cohort and among sixty infants who received EBF for 3+ months, higher BM intake at 6 weeks was associated with initial faster growth between 0 and 6 weeks ( β + se 3·58 + 0·47 for weight and 4·53 + 0·6 for adiposity gains, both P < 0·0001) but subsequent slower growth between 3 and 12 months ( β + se - 2·27 + 0·7 for weight and -2·65 + 0·69 for adiposity gains, both P < 0·005). BM carbohydrate and protein intakes at 4-6 weeks were positively associated with early (0-6 weeks) but tended to be negatively related with later (3-12 months) adiposity gains, while BM fat intake showed no association, suggesting that carbohydrate and protein intakes may have more functional relevance to later infant growth and adiposity.- Published
- 2023
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40. Cost-effectiveness of therapeutic infant formulas for cow's milk protein allergy management.
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Suratannon N, Prapansilp P, Srinarongsook A, Tanpowpong P, Chatchatee P, and Pongpirul K
- Abstract
Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is children's most common food allergy. Therapeutic infant formulas for CMPA lead to symptom-free and potentially benefit early tolerance induction and reducing the allergic march in non-breastfed babies. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of CMPA management with different therapeutic infant formulas in Thailand, which may reflect situations in developing countries throughout Asia. An analytic decision model was developed to simulate the occurrence of eczema, urticaria, asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, or being symptom-free in infants with CMPA over 36 months. Extensively hydrolyzed casein formula with added probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (previously Lactobacillus rhamnosus ) strain GG (EHCF+LGG), extensively hydrolyzed whey formula (EHWF), soy protein-based formula (SPF), and amino acid formula (AAF) were compared from the healthcare payer perspective. The results from a prospective cohort study were used for comparative effectiveness measures, while local experts were interviewed to estimate the healthcare resource used in the management of CMPA. The costs of healthcare resources were obtained from standard, publicly available sources. The direct medical cost of CMPA management was lowest for EHCF+LGG (USD 1,720), followed by SPF (USD 2,090), EHWF (USD 2,791), and AAF (USD 7,881). Compared with other formulas, EHCF+LGG was expected to save USD 370 (SPF), USD 1,071 (EHWF), and USD 6,161 (AAF) in the total cost of CMPA management over 36 months. In conclusion, EHCF+LGG was the most cost-effective strategy for managing non-breastfed infants with CMPA. This strategy was associated with more children developing immune tolerance to cow's milk and being symptom-free, contributing to overall cost-saving potential., Competing Interests: PP and AS are employees of Mead Johnson Nutrition, Thailand. NS, PT, PC, and KP are clinicians and received minimal financial support for contributing inputs as key opinion leaders for clinical (NS, PT, and PC) and methodological (KP) aspects of this study., (Copyright © 2023 Suratannon, Prapansilp, Srinarongsook, Tanpowpong, Chatchatee and Pongpirul.)
- Published
- 2023
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41. Growth of late preterm infants fed nutrient-enriched formula to 120 days corrected age-A randomized controlled trial.
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Best KP, Yelland LN, Collins CT, McPhee AJ, Rogers GB, Choo J, Gibson RA, Murguia-Peniche T, Varghese J, Cooper TR, and Makrides M
- Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to compare the effects of nutrient-enriched formula with standard term formula on rate of body weight gain of late preterm infants appropriately grown for gestational age., Study Design: A multi-center, randomized, controlled trial. Late preterm infants (34-37 weeks' gestation), with weight appropriate for gestational age (AGA), were randomized to nutrient enriched formula (NEF) with increased calories (22 kcal/30 ml) from protein, added bovine milk fat globule membrane, vitamin D and butyrate or standard term formula 20 kcal/30 ml (STF). Breastfed term infants were enrolled as an observational reference group (BFR). Primary outcome was rate of body weight gain from enrollment to 120 days corrected age (d/CA). Planned sample size was 100 infants per group. Secondary outcomes included body composition, weight, head circumference and length gain, and medically confirmed adverse events to 365 d/CA., Results: The trial was terminated early due to recruitment challenges and sample size was substantially reduced. 40 infants were randomized to NEF ( n = 22) and STF ( n = 18). 39 infants were enrolled in the BFR group. At 120 d/CA there was no evidence of a difference in weight gain between randomized groups (mean difference 1.77 g/day, 95% CI, -1.63 to 5.18, P = 0.31). Secondary outcomes showed a significant reduction in risk of infectious illness in the NEF group at 120 d/CA [relative risk 0.37 (95% CI, 0.16-0.85), P = 0.02]., Conclusion: We saw no difference in rate of body weight gain between AGA late preterm infants fed NEF compared to STF. Results should be interpreted with caution due to small sample size., Clinical Trial Registration: The Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12618000092291). "mailto:maria.makrides@sahmri.com" maria.makrides@sahmri.com., Competing Interests: TM-P is employed by Reckitt|Mead-Johnson and TRC is a former employee of Reckitt|Mead-Johnson. All other authors declare no conflict of interest. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Best, Yelland, Collins, McPhee, Rogers, Choo, Gibson, Murguia-Peniche, Varghese, Cooper and Makrides.)
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- 2023
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42. Efficient in vitro digestion of lipids and proteins in bovine milk fat globule membrane ingredient (MFGMi) and whey-casein infant formula with added MFGMi.
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Chitchumroonchokchai C, Riedl K, García-Cano I, Chaves F, Walsh KR, Jimenez-Flores R, and Failla ML
- Subjects
- Animals, Whey metabolism, Cholesterol Esters, Digestion, Whey Proteins, Milk Proteins metabolism, Caseins chemistry, Infant Formula chemistry
- Abstract
The relative immaturity of the infant digestive system has the potential to affect the bioavailability of dietary lipids, proteins, and their digested products. We performed a lipidomic analysis of a commercial bovine milk fat globule membrane ingredient (MFGMi) and determined the profile of lipids and proteins in the bioaccessible fraction after in vitro digestion of both the ingredient and whey-casein-based infant formula without and with MFGMi. Test materials were digested using a static 2-phase in vitro model, with conditions simulating those in the infant gut. The extent of digestion and the bioaccessibility of various classes of neutral and polar lipids were monitored by measuring a wide targeted lipid profile using direct infusion-mass spectrometry. Digestion of abundant proteins in the ingredient and whey-casein infant formula containing the ingredient was determined by denaturing PAGE with imaging of Coomassie Brilliant Blue stained bands. Cholesterol esters, diacylglycerides, triacylglycerides, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylethanolamines in MFGMi were hydrolyzed readily during in vitro digestion, which resulted in marked increases in the amounts of free fatty acids and lyso-phospholipids in the bioaccessible fraction. In contrast, sphingomyelins, ceramides, and gangliosides were largely resistant to simulated digestion. Proteins in MFGMi and the infant formulas also were hydrolyzed efficiently. The results suggest that neutral lipids, cholesterol esters, phospholipids, and proteins in MFGMi are digested efficiently during conditions that simulate the prandial lumen of the stomach and small intestine of infants. Also, supplementation of whey-casein-based infant formula with MFGMi did not appear to alter the profiles of lipids and proteins in the bioaccessible fraction after digestion., (The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. and Fass Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
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- 2023
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43. Early development of infant gut microbiota in relation to breastfeeding and human milk oligosaccharides.
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Chichlowski M, van Diepen JA, Prodan A, Olga L, Ong KK, Kortman GAM, Dunger DB, and Gross G
- Abstract
Background: Infant gut microbiota composition is influenced by various factors early in life. Here, we investigate associations between infant gut microbiome development, infant age, breastfeeding duration, and human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) composition in breastmilk., Methods: A total of 94 mother-infant pairs were recruited as part of the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF) (Cambridge, UK). Infant stool samples ( n = 337) were collected at 2 week, 6 week, 3 month, and 6 month of age. The 16S rRNA V3-V4 rRNA region was sequenced using MiSeq Illumina to determine microbiota composition and diversity. Mother's hindmilk samples were collected at birth, 2 week, 6 week, 3 month, and 6 month postpartum. Concentrations of five neutral [2'FL, 3'FL, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 (LNFP1), LNnT, LNT] and two acidic (3'SL, and 6'SL) HMOs were measured in all milk samples using High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD). We explored the associations between infant gut microbiome parameters and age, duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), and levels of individual HMOs., Results: Bifidobacterium was the most abundant genus in infant stool at all-time points, irrespective of breastfeeding duration, with an overall mean relative abundance of 70%. The relative abundance of B. bifidum in stool from infants who were breastfed for longer than 6 months was significantly higher compared to the infant breastfed up to 3 months ( p = 0.0285). Alpha-diversity (both Shannon and ASV-level Richness) of infant gut microbiota showed a biphasic change with infant age, decreasing from 2 weeks until 3 months and then increasing until 6 months of age. Bifidobacterium relative abundance was associated with higher concentrations of 2'FL and LNFP1 in breastmilk across all time-points ( p = 0.049 and 0.017, respectively), with trends toward a higher abundance of B. longum species. No significant association with Bifidobacterium was found for breastmilk LNnT, 3'SL, and 6'SL levels., Conclusion: Our study is in line with previous data demonstrating that EBF duration in the first months of life impacts infant gut microbiota composition. The observed links between specific HMOs in breastmilk and bacteria in infant stool provide evidence of how mother's milk affects infant microbiome development., Competing Interests: The authors declare that this study received funding from Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition. The CBGS BF was funded by a research project award by Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition. The funder advised in the study design, data collection, data discussions and preparation of the manuscript. At the time of study execution MC, JD, and GG were employed by Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition. AP and GK were employed by the NIZO Food Research BV. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Chichlowski, van Diepen, Prodan, Olga, Ong, Kortman, Dunger and Gross.)
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- 2023
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44. Butyrate in Human Milk: Associations with Milk Microbiota, Milk Intake Volume, and Infant Growth.
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Olga L, van Diepen JA, Chichlowski M, Petry CJ, Vervoort J, Dunger DB, Kortman GAM, Gross G, and Ong KK
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- Female, Humans, Infant, Butyrates, Prospective Studies, Breast Feeding, Weight Gain, Milk, Human, Microbiota
- Abstract
Butyrate in human milk (HM) has been suggested to reduce excessive weight and adipo-sity gains during infancy. However, HM butyrate's origins, determinants, and its influencing mechanism on weight gain are not completely understood. These were studied in the prospective longitudinal Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF), in which infants ( n = 59) were exclusively breastfed for at least 6 weeks. Infant growth (birth, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months) and HM butyrate concentrations (2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months) were measured. At age 6 weeks, HM intake volume was measured by deuterium-labelled water technique and HM microbiota by 16S sequencing. Cross-sectionally at 6 weeks, HM butyrate was associated with HM microbiota composition ( p = 0.036) although no association with the abundance of typical butyrate producers was detected. In longitudinal analyses across all time points, HM butyrate concentrations were overall negatively associated with infant weight and adiposity, and associations were stronger at younger infant ages. HM butyrate concentration was also inversely correlated with HM intake volume, supporting a possible mechanism whereby butyrate might reduce infant growth via appetite regulation and modulation of HM intake.
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- 2023
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45. Micronutrient, Metabolic, and Inflammatory Biomarkers through 24 Months of Age in Infants Receiving Formula with Added Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane through the First Year of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
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Jaramillo-Ospina AM, Mujica-Coopman MF, Murguia-Peniche T, Wampler JL, Wu SS, Berseth CL, Weisstaub SG, and Uauy R
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Cattle, Humans, Infant, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Micronutrients, Cholesterol, LDL, Infant Formula, Biomarkers, Milk, Human, Zinc, Iron, Trace Elements, Insulins
- Abstract
Background: Bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) added in infant formula supports typical growth and safety through 24 mo of age in term infants., Objectives: To assess micronutrient (zinc, iron, ferritin, transferrin receptor), metabolic [glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)], and inflammatory (leptin, adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein) secondary outcomes through 24 mo of age in infants who received standard cow's milk-based infant formula (SF), similar formula with added bovine MFGM (EF), or human milk (HM) through 1 y., Methods: Infants whose parents agreed to a blood draw at baseline (<120 d of age) (SF = 80; EF = 80; HM = 83) were included. Subsequent collections (2-4 h fasting) occurred at D180, D365, and D730. Biomarker concentrations were analyzed and group changes tested using generalized estimating equations models., Results: Only serum iron (+22.1 μg/dL) and HDL-C (+2.5 mg/dL) were significantly higher for EF compared with SF at D730. Prevalence of zinc deficiency for EF (-17.4%) and SF (-16.6%) at D180 and depleted iron stores for SF (+21.4%) at D180 and EF (-34.6%) and SF (-28.0%) at D365 were significantly different compared with HM. IGF-1 (ng/mL) for EF and SF was significantly higher at D180 (+8.9) and for EF (+8.8) at D365, and (+14.5) at D730 compared with HM. Insulin (μUI/mL) for EF (+2.5) and SF (+5.8) and HOMA-IR for EF (+0.5) and SF (+0.6) were significantly higher compared with HM at D180. TGs (mg/dL) for SF (+23.9) at D180, for EF (+19.0) and SF (+17.8) at D365, and EF (+17.3) and SF (+14.5) at D730 were significantly higher compared with HM. Zinc, ferritin, glucose, LDL-C and total cholesterol changes were higher in formula groups compared with HM between various time points., Conclusions: Micronutrient, metabolic, and inflammatory biomarkers were generally similar through 2 y in infants who received infant formula with or without added bovine MFGM. Over the 2 y, differences were observed between infant formulas and HM reference group. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NTC02626143., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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46. Mediterranean Milk Ladder: Integrating a Healthy Eating Plan While Reintroducing Cow's Milk.
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Vassilopoulou E, McMilin C, and Venter C
- Abstract
The process of gradually reintroducing food allergens into an individual's diet is referred to as a food allergen "ladder", and the most recent edition of the original Milk Allergy in Primary (MAP) Care Guidelines, as well as the International Milk Allergy in Primary Care (IMAP), includes a shortened, improved, and international version with specific recipes, indicating the exact milk protein content, as well as the duration of heating and the temperature for each step of the ladder. Food allergen ladders are being used increasingly in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to develop a Mediterranean milk ladder based on the principles of the Mediterranean eating pattern. The protein content delivered in a portion of the final food product in each step of the ladder in the Mediterranean version corresponds to that provided in the IMAP ladder. Different recipes for the various steps were provided to increase acceptability and variety. Quantification of the total milk protein, casein content, and beta-lactoglobulin by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) could detect the gradual increase in concentrations, but the accuracy of the method was affected by the presence of the other ingredients in the mixtures. When developing the Mediterranean milk ladder, a key consideration was to reduce the amount of sugar by using limited amounts of brown sugar and substituting sugar with fresh fruit juice or honey for children aged older than one year. The proposed Mediterranean milk ladder includes principles of (a) healthy eating based on the Mediterranean diet and (b) the acceptability of foods across different age groups.
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- 2023
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47. A systematic review of breast milk microbiota composition and the evidence for transfer to and colonisation of the infant gut.
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Edwards CA, Van Loo-Bouwman CA, Van Diepen JA, Schoemaker MH, Ozanne SE, Venema K, Stanton C, Marinello V, Rueda R, Flourakis M, Gil A, and Van der Beek EM
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- Infant, Female, Humans, Milk, Human microbiology, Reproducibility of Results, Bacteria genetics, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Probiotics, Microbiota
- Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays a major role in infant health and development. However, the role of the breastmilk microbiota in infant gut colonisation remains unclear. A systematic review was performed to evaluate the composition of the breastmilk microbiota and evidence for transfer to/colonisation of the infant gut. Searches were performed using PUBMED, OVID, LILACS and PROQUEST from inception until 18th March 2020 with a PUBMED update to December 2021. 88 full texts were evaluated before final critique based on study power, sample contamination avoidance, storage, purification process, DNA extraction/analysis, and consideration of maternal health and other potential confounders. Risk of skin contamination was reduced mainly by breast cleaning and rejecting the first milk drops. Sample storage, DNA extraction and bioinformatics varied. Several studies stored samples under conditions that may selectively impact bacterial DNA preservation, others used preculture reducing reliability. Only 15 studies, with acceptable sample size, handling, extraction, and bacterial analysis, considered transfer of bacteria to the infant. Three reported bacterial transfer from infant to breastmilk. Despite consistent evidence for the breastmilk microbiota, and recent studies using improved methods to investigate factors affecting its composition, few studies adequately considered transfer to the infant gut providing very little evidence for effective impact on gut colonisation.
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- 2022
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48. Early weight gain influences duration of breast feeding: prospective cohort study.
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Olga L, van Diepen JA, Gross G, Dunger DB, and Ong KK
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- Infant, Infant, Newborn, Female, Humans, Prospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Birth Weight, Breast Feeding, Weight Gain
- Abstract
Objective: While several studies have shown that milk formula feeding is associated with faster infant weight gain compared with exclusively breast feeding (EBF), we explored the possible reverse association that infant weight gain influences the duration of EBF., Design: Prospective birth cohort study (Cambridge Baby Growth Breastfeeding Study) born 2015-2018., Setting: Cambridge, UK., Participants: Full-term, singleton, normal birthweight infants who received EBF for 2-5 completed weeks (n=54), 6-11 weeks (n=14) or 12 or more weeks (n=80)., Intervention: Weight gain from birth to 2 and 6 weeks., Main Outcome and Measure: Duration of EBF., Results: Faster infant weight gain during EBF predicted longer duration of EBF. Among all 148 infants, each +1 unit gain in weight SD score (SDS) between birth and 2 weeks (while all infants received EBF) reduced the likelihood of stopping EBF between 2 and 5 weeks by ~70% (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.77; adjusted for sex, gestational age at birth, birth weight and mother's age, prepregnancy BMI and education). Similarly, among infants EBF for 6 or more weeks (n=94), each +1 unit gain in weight SDS between birth and 6 weeks reduced the likelihood of stopping EBF between 6 and 11 weeks by ~80% (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.63)., Conclusions: Slower early infant weight gain was consistently associated with subsequent earlier discontinuation of EBF. We conjecture that broader recognition of the wide range of normal infant growth might encourage parents to not stop EBF earlier than they intended., Competing Interests: Competing interests: JAvD and GG are employees of Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2022
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49. Lipidome Analysis in Brain and Peripheral Plasma Following Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation in Rodents.
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Davies R, van Diepen JA, Brink LR, Bijlsma S, Neufeld KM, Cryan JF, O'Mahony SM, Bobeldijk I, and Gross G
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- Animals, Mice, Rats, Brain, Phospholipids pharmacology, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sphingomyelins pharmacology, Dietary Supplements, Lipid Droplets chemistry, Lipidomics, Glycoproteins administration & dosage, Glycolipids administration & dosage
- Abstract
Scope: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is an essential component of milk. Bovine MFGM (bMFGM) has been shown to support cognitive development and increase relative concentrations of serum phospholipids. This study investigates bioavailability of bMFGM components after oral administration in two preclinical models to explore whether dietary bMFGM induces parallel changes to plasma and brain lipidomes., Methods and Results: Transgenic APOE*3.Leiden mice (n = 18 per group) and Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12 per group) are fed bMFGM-enriched (MFGM+) or Control diet, followed by phospholipid profile-determination in plasma, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex tissue by targeted mass spectrometry. Multivariate analysis of lipidomic profiles demonstrates a separation between MFGM+ and Control plasma across rodents. In plasma, sphingomyelins contributed the most to the separation of lipid patterns among both models, where three sphingomyelins (d18:1/14:0, d18:1/23:0, d18:1/23:1[9Z]) are consistently higher in the circulation of MFGM+ groups. A similar trend is observed in rat prefrontal cortex, although no significant separation of the brain lipidome is demonstrated., Conclusion: bMFGM-enriched diet alters plasma phospholipid composition in rodents, predominantly increasing sphingomyelin levels in the systemic circulation with similar, but non-significant, trends in central brain regions. These changes may contribute to the beneficial effects of bMFGM on neurodevelopment during early life., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
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- 2022
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50. Infant behavioral state and stool microbiome in infants receiving Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus GG in formula: randomized controlled trial.
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Shulman RJ, Chichlowski M, Orozco FG, Harris CL, Wampler JL, Bokulich NA, and Berseth CL
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- Animals, Cattle, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Infant Formula, Infant, Newborn, Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Colic, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Probiotics
- Abstract
Background: Our aim was to evaluate infant behavioral state, stool microbiome profile and calprotectin in infants with infantile colic receiving a partially hydrolyzed protein formula with or without added Lacticaseibacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) rhamnosus GG (LGG)., Methods: In this single-center, double-blind, controlled, parallel, prospective study, term infants (14-28 days of age) identified with colic (using modified Wessel's criteria: cried and/or fussed ≥ 3 h/day for ≥ 3 days/week, in a one-week period) were randomized to receive one of two formulas over a three-week feeding period: marketed partially hydrolyzed cow's milk-based infant formula (PHF, n = 35) or a similar formula with added LGG (PHF-LGG, n = 36). Parent-reported infant behavior was recorded at three time points (Study Days 2-4, 10-12, and 18-20). Duration (hours/day) of crying/fussing (averaged over each three-day period) was the primary outcome. Stool samples were collected at Baseline and Study End (Days 19-21) to determine stool LGG colonization (by qPCR) and microbial abundance (using 16S rRNA gene sequencing) and calprotectin (μg/g)., Results: Duration of crying/fussing (mean ± SE) decreased and awake/content behavior increased over time with no significant group differences over the course of the study. There were no group differences in the percentage of infants who experienced colic by study end. Colic decreased by Study End vs Baseline in both groups. Change in fecal calprotectin also was similar between groups. Comparing Study End vs Baseline, LGG abundance was greater in the PHF-LGG group (P < 0.001) whereas alpha diversity was greater in the PHF group (P = 0.022). Beta diversity was significantly different between PHF and PHF-LGG at Study End (P = 0.05). By study end, relative abundance of L. rhamnosus was higher in the PHF-LGG vs PHF group and vs Baseline., Conclusions: In this pilot study of infants with colic, both study formulas were well tolerated. Crying/fussing decreased and awake/content behavior increased in both study groups over the course of the study. Study results demonstrate a successful introduction of the probiotic to the microbiome. The partially hydrolyzed protein formula with added LGG was associated with significant changes in the gut microbiome., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02340143 . Registered 16/01/2015., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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