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1. Peering into Cloud Physics Using Ultra-Fine-Resolution Radar and Lidar Systems

Author

Zhu, Zeen, Yang, Fan, Kollias, Pavlos, Lamer, Katia, Luke, Edward, Mead, James B., Sua, Yong Meng, Vogelmann, Andrew M., and McComiskey, Allison

Subjects
Remote sensing -- Usage, Clouds -- Dynamics, Optical radar -- Usage, Meteorological research, Cloud physics -- Research, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract

Cloud microphysical processes, such as droplet activation, condensational growth, and collisional growth, play a central role in the evolution of clouds and precipitation. Accurate representations of these processes in numerical models are challenging partially due to incomplete understanding of them at the process level arising from limited systematic observations. Most surface-based active remote sensors, including today's operational cloud radars and lidars, have a resolution on the order of tens of meters. This resolution is insufficient to resolve cloud microphysical processes that manifest at finer (meter and submeter) scales. A new set of ultra-high-resolution ground-based radar and lidar systems have been developed to address this observational gap. The newly developed 94-GHz cloud radar has a range resolution down to 2.8 m, or a factor of 10 finer than typical radars, using a large bandwidth and quadratic phase coding techniques. The lidar has a range resolution down to 10 cm, or a factor of 100 finer than typical lidars, using a time-gated time-correlated single-photon-counting technique. Such high-resolution observations were previously only achievable through in situ aircraft measurements. Even then, aircraft measurements do not permit continuous long-term cloud observation as is possible with ground- based remote sensing instruments. In this study, the first-light cloud observations from the new radar and lidar systems are shown to reveal detailed cloud structures that conventional sensors could only perceive in a bulk sense, thus providing new avenues to investigate cloud microphysical processes and their impact on weather and climate. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this study, we introduced two novel remote sensing instruments capable of high-resolution cloud observations: a cloud radar system with a range resolution down to 2.8 m and a lidar system with a range resolution down to 10 cm. Observations show that the radar and lidar systems resolve detailed cloud structures and microphysical processes which would not be obtained from traditional remote sensing systems. The high-resolution measurements provide insights toward the understanding of cloud microphysics at a fundamental level. KEYWORDS: Cloud microphysics; Clouds; Lidars/Lidar observations; Radars/Radar observations; Remote sensing, 1. Introduction Clouds cover approximately two-thirds of Earth's surface at scales ranging from tens of meters to thousands of kilometers. Contrastingly, the fundamental physical mechanisms that control cloud formation and [...]

Published
2024

3. High-performing structural optimization of graphene quantum dots as glyphosate herbicide photoluminescent probes: real case studies and mechanism insights

Author

Dorontić, Slađana, Bonasera, Aurelio, Scopelliti, Michelangelo, Marković, Olivera, Verbić, Tatjana, Sredojević, Dušan, Ciasca, Gabriele, Di Santo, Riccardo, Mead, James L., Budimir, Milica, Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica, Mojsin, Marija, Pejić, Jelena, Stevanović, Milena, and Jovanović, Svetlana

Published
2024
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7. A measurement of top quark production at √s = 13TeV with LHCb data

Author

Mead, James

Abstract

The LHCb experiment provides unique detector coverage of the highest energy proton-proton interactions ever produced. Designed to study b-& c-hadron physics at the LHC, the detector is fully instrumented in the forward region, 2.0 < η < 4.5, with excellent tracking, vertex resolution and particle identification. The increased centre of mass energy in RunII gives rise to 3-fold increased inclusive top cross-section over RunI at the LHC, corresponding to a 10-fold increase within the LHCb acceptance. The top quark is the heaviest fundamental particle and is expected to play a special role in new physics scenarios. Higher order interference mechanisms, sensitive to physics beyond the reach of current colliders, result in a charge asymmetry in the relative angular distributions of tt pairs. The LHCb acceptance offers greater sensitivity to AttC due to reduced dilution from gluon-gluon fusion. Top quarks are identified through the presence of a high pT muon and b-jet in the final state. Forward production was first observed with RunI data at LHCb in this channel. Top pairs may be identified with an additional opposite-sign lepton or b-jet. The increase in available statistics with RunII, as well as improved signal to background ratio, enables differential measurements of heavy flavour tagged W+jet yields in muon pseudorapidity. New running conditions necessitated re-optimisation of jet input selection for reconstruction as well as renewal of heavy flavour tagging algorithms, achieved using deep learning techniques. Together these provide the first full RunII top cross-section in the μ +b channel at LHCb and the first top asymmetry measurement in the forward region. Each use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4fb−1 (5% systematic). σ(t) [13 TeV] = 0.89 ± 0.06 (stat) ± 0.18 (syst) pb , σ(¯t) [13 TeV] = 0.66 ± 0.05 (stat) ± 0.17 (syst) pb . AtopC [13 TeV] = 0.14 ± 0.05 (stat) ± 0.05 (syst) . While the latter measurement was inconclusive with respect to the t ¯t asymmetry, the combined asymmetry was observed to 2.1σ above zero. Differential cross-sections were found to be within 1σ per bin of NLO standard model predictions. The precision of both sets of measurements are systematically limited, with largest contributions from heavy flavour yields (∼ 20%) and SV-tagging efficiencies (10%) despite at least partially cancelling in δAC.

Published
2021
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10. Tops in the forward region

Author

Mead, James V

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Detailed results on top quark production at LHCb are reported from the first observation of top production in a forward region detector to the first measurement of top pair production at LHCb with 13 TeV data.

Published
2019

13. Speciation in the deep : genomics and morphology reveal a new species of beaked whale Mesoplodon eueu

Author

Carroll, Emma L., McGowen, Michael R., McCarthy, Morgan L., Marx, Felix G., Aguilar, Natacha, Dalebout, Merel L., Dreyer, Sascha, Gaggiotti, Oscar E., Hansen, Sabine S., van Helden, Anton, Onoufriou, Aubrie B., Baird, Robin W., Baker, C. Scott, Berrow, Simon, Cholewiak, Danielle, Claridge, Diane, Constantine, Rochelle, Davison, Nicholas J., Eira, Catarina, Fordyce, R. Ewan, Gatesy, John, Hofmeyr, G. J. Greg, Martín, Vidal, Mead, James G., Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A., Morin, Phillip A., Reyes, Cristel, Rogan, Emer, Rosso, Massimiliano, Silva, Mónica A., Springer, Mark S., Steel, Debbie, and Olsen, Morten Tange

Published
2021

14. Optical microscopy-based bridging method to quantify roughness-dependent adhesion of ZnS nanobelts on silicon substrates in air.

Author

Akhtar, Noman, Song, Xiaodong, Liu, Ruizhe, Asif, Muhammad, Mead, James L., Hou, Lizhen, and Wang, Shiliang

Subjects
SUBSTRATES (Materials science), ELECTROSTATIC interaction, SQUARE root, SURFACE properties, NANOBELTS
Abstract

Precisely quantifying the adhesion energy of delicate nanobelts on rough substrates remains challenging due to their disparate surface properties and nanoscale dimensions. To overcome these challenges, we propose an optical microscopy-based bridging method to quantify the adhesion energy of ZnS nanobelts on Si substrates in air. Our results revealed that the nanobelt–smooth substrate interfacial system exhibits an enhanced adhesion due to electrostatic interactions between the polar nanobelt surfaces and the polarized Si substrate. While, for the nanobelt–rough substrate system, adhesion energy values decreased from 0.23 to 0.10 J/m2, showing an inverse square root relationship with increasing roughness from 0.17 to 1.12 nm, deviating from the trend predicted by the parallel plate model, due to the real contact separation distance influenced by surface asperities and nanobelt–substrate conformity. Our method offers a simple and accurate approach for characterizing roughness-dependent adhesion of nanobelt–substrate systems in air, providing valuable insights for device fabrication and performance stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. The U Choose Awards: A Marketing Research, Branding, and Community Engagement Project

Author

Mead, James A., LeMay, Stephen A., Hawkins, Richard R., Morgan, Felicia N., and Allman, Helena F.

Abstract

The U Choose awards is a student-led marketing research, branding, and community engagement project. This project is designed to provide students with a range of opportunities to apply and demonstrate marketing knowledge while engaging with the local business community. Under the guidance of a faculty advisor, students are tasked with developing and distributing a survey to assess the consumer-based brand equity of local businesses and organizations, branding their project, and presenting the winning businesses/organizations of each category with an award recognizing their accomplishment. We created the U Choose Awards as an activity for the student chapter of the AMA (course-based adaptations also discussed). We saw this as an alternative to live cases, which can be unreliable in delivering marketing knowledge to students because live cases can vary so much in the quality of the experience.

Published
2021
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23. Determination of Photothermal and EMI Shielding Efficiency of Graphene–Silver Nanoparticle Composites Prepared under Low-Dose Gamma Irradiation

Author

Stefanović, Anđela, Kepić, Dejan, Momčilović, Miloš, Mead, James L., Huskić, Miroslav, Haddadi, Kamel, Sebbache, Mohamed, Todorović Marković, Biljana, Jovanović, Svetlana, Stefanović, Anđela, Kepić, Dejan, Momčilović, Miloš, Mead, James L., Huskić, Miroslav, Haddadi, Kamel, Sebbache, Mohamed, Todorović Marković, Biljana, and Jovanović, Svetlana

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been produced by low-dose (1–20 kGy) gamma irradiation of silver nitrate in the presence of graphene-based material (graphene oxide or electrochemically exfoliated graphene). The large surface area of those graphene-based materials combined with the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface provided successful nucleation and growth of Ag nanoparticles, which resulted in a uniformly covered graphene surface. The obtained Ag nanoparticles were spherical with a predominant size distribution of 10–50 nm for graphene oxide and 10–100 nm for electrochemically exfoliated graphene. The photothermal efficiency measurement showed a temperature increase upon exposure to a 532 nm laser for all samples and the highest photothermal efficiency was measured for the graphene oxide/Ag NP sample prepared at 5 kGy. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency measurements showed poor shielding for the composites prepared with graphene oxide. On the other hand, all composites prepared with electrochemically exfoliated graphene showed EMI shielding to some extent, and the best performance was measured for the samples prepared at 5 and 20 kGy doses.

Published
2024

24. In situ estimation of ice crystal properties at the South Pole using LED calibration data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Author

Abbasi, Rasha, Ackermann, Markus, Adams, Jenni, Aggarwal, Nakul, Aguilar, Juanan, Ahlers, Markus, Ahrens, Maryon, Alameddine, Jean-Marco, Alves Junior, Antonio Augusto, Amin, Najia Moureen Binte, Andeen, Karen, Anderson, Tyler, Anton, Gisela, Argüelles, Carlos, Ashida, Yosuke, Athanasiadou, Sofia, Axani, Spencer, Bai, Xinhua, Balagopal V, Aswathi, Baricevic, Moreno, Barwick, Steve, Basu, Vedant, Bay, Ryan, Beatty, James, Becker, Karl Heinz, Becker Tjus, Julia, Beise, Jakob, Bellenghi, Chiara, Benda, Samuel, BenZvi, Segev, Berley, David, Bernardini, Elisa, Besson, Dave, Binder, Gary, Bindig, Daniel, Blaufuss, Erik, Blot, Summer, Bontempo, Federico, Book, Julia, Borowka, Jürgen, Boscolo Meneguolo, Caterina, Böser, Sebastian, Botner, Olga, Böttcher, Jakob, Bourbeau, Etienne, Braun, Jim, Brinson, Bennett, Brostean-Kaiser, Jannes, Burley, Ryan, Busse, Raffaela, Campana, Michael, Carnie-Bronca, Erin, Chen, Chujie, Chen, Zheyang, Chirkin, Dmitry, Choi, Koun, Clark, Brian, Classen, Lew, Coleman, Alan, Collin, Gabriel, Connolly, Amy, Conrad, Janet, Coppin, Paul, Correa, Pablo, Countryman, Stefan, Cowen, Doug, Cross, Robert, Dappen, Christian, Dave, Pranav, De Clercq, Catherine, DeLaunay, James, Delgado López, Diyaselis, Dembinski, Hans, Deoskar, Kunal, Desai, Abhishek, Desiati, Paolo, de Vries, Krijn, de Wasseige, Gwenhael, DeYoung, Tyce, Diaz, Alejandro, Díaz-Vélez, Juan Carlos, Dittmer, Markus, Dujmovic, Hrvoje, DuVernois, Michael, Ehrhardt, Thomas, Eller, Philipp, Engel, Ralph, Erpenbeck, Hannah, Evans, John, Evenson, Paul, Fan, Kwok Lung, Fazely, Ali, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feigl, Nora, Fiedlschuster, Sebastian, Fienberg, Aaron, Finley, Chad, Fischer, Leander, Fox, Derek, Franckowiak, Anna, Friedman, Elizabeth, Fritz, Alexander, Fürst, Philipp, Gaisser, Tom, Gallagher, Jay, Ganster, Erik, Garcia, Alfonso, Garrappa, Simone, Gerhardt, Lisa, Ghadimi, Ava, Glaser, Christian, Glüsenkamp, Thorsten, Glauch, Theo, Goehlke, Noah, Gonzalez, Javier, Goswami, Sreetama, Grant, Darren, Gray, Shannon, Grégoire, Timothée, Griswold, Spencer, Günther, Christoph, Gutjahr, Pascal, Haack, Christian, Hallgren, Allan, Halliday, Robert, Halve, Lasse, Halzen, Francis, Hamdaoui, Hassane, Ha Minh, Martin, Hanson, Kael, Hardin, John, Harnisch, Alexander, Hatch, Patrick, Haungs, Andreas, Helbing, Klaus, Hellrung, Jonas, Henningsen, Felix, Heuermann, Lars, Hickford, Stephanie, Hill, Colton, Hill, Gary, Hoffman, Kara, Hoshina, Kotoyo, Hou, Wenjie, Huber, Thomas, Hultqvist, Klas, Hünnefeld, Mirco, Hussain, Raamis, Hymon, Karolin, In, Seongjin, Iovine, Nadege, Ishihara, Aya, Jansson, Matti, Japaridze, George, Jeong, Minjin, Jin, Miaochen, Jones, Ben, Kang, Donghwa, Kang, Woosik, Kang, Xinyue, Kappes, Alexander, Kappesser, David, Kardum, Leonora, Karg, Timo, Karl, Martina, Karle, Albrecht, Katz, Uli, Kauer, Matt, Kelley, John, Kheirandish, Ali, Kin, Ken'ichi, Kiryluk, Joanna, Klein, Spencer, Kochocki, Alina, Koirala, Ramesh, Kolanoski, Hermann, Kontrimas, Tomas, Köpke, Lutz, Kopper, Claudio, Koskinen, Jason, Koundal, Paras, Kovacevich, Michael, Kowalski, Marek, Kozynets, Tetiana, Krupczak, Emmett, Kun, Emma, Kurahashi, Naoko, Lad, Neha, Lagunas Gualda, Cristina, Larson, Michael, Lauber, Frederik, Lazar, Jeffrey, Lee, Jiwoong, Leonard, Kayla, Leszczyńska, Agnieszka, Lincetto, Massimiliano, Liu, Qinrui, Liubarska, Maria, Lohfink, Elisa, Love, Christina, Lozano Mariscal, Cristian Jesus, Lu, Lu, Lucarelli, Francesco, Ludwig, Andrew, Luszczak, William, Lyu, Yang, Ma, Wing Yan, Madsen, Jim, Mahn, Kendall, Makino, Yuya, Mancina, Sarah, Marie Sainte, Wenceslas, Mariş, Ioana, Marka, Szabolcs, Marka, Zsuzsa, Marsee, Matthew, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Maruyama, Reina, McElroy, Thomas, McNally, Frank, Mead, James Vincent, Meagher, Kevin, Mechbal, Sarah, Medina, Andres, Meier, Maximilian, Meighen-Berger, Stephan, Merckx, Yarno, Micallef, Jessie, Mockler, Daniela, Montaruli, Teresa, Moore, Roger, Morse, Bob, Moulai, Marjon, Mukherjee, Tista, Naab, Richard, Nagai, Ryo, Naumann, Uwe, Nayerhoda, Amid, Necker, Jannis, Neumann, Miriam, Niederhausen, Hans, Nisa, Mehr, Nowicki, Sarah, Obertacke Pollmann, Anna, Oehler, Marie, Oeyen, Bob, Olivas, Alex, Orsoe, Rasmus, Osborn, Jesse, O'Sullivan, Erin, Pandya, Hershal, Pankova, Daria, Park, Nahee, Parker, Grant, Paudel, Ek Narayan, Paul, Larissa, Pérez de los Heros, Carlos, Peters, Lilly, Peterson, Josh, Philippen, Saskia, Pieper, Sarah, Pizzuto, Alex, Plum, Matthias, Popovych, Yuiry, Porcelli, Alessio, Prado Rodriguez, Maria, Pries, Brandon, Procter-Murphy, Rachel, Przybylski, Gerald, Raab, Christoph, Rack-Helleis, John, Rameez, Mohamed, Rawlins, Katherine, Rechav, Zoe, Rehman, Abdul, Reichherzer, Patrick, Renzi, Giovanni, Resconi, Elisa, Reusch, Simeon, Rhode, Wolfgang, Richman, Mike, Riedel, Benedikt, Roberts, Ella, Robertson, Sally, Rodan, Steven, Roellinghoff, Gerrit, Rongen, Martin, Rott, Carsten, Ruhe, Tim, Ruohan, Li, Ryckbosch, Dirk, Rysewyk Cantu, Devyn, Safa, Ibrahim, Saffer, Julian, Salazar-Gallegos, Daniel, Sampathkumar, Pranav, Sanchez Herrera, Sebastian, Sandrock, Alexander, Santander, Marcos, Sarkar, Sourav, Sarkar, Subir, Schaufel, Merlin, Schieler, Harald, Schindler, Sebastian, Schlüter, Berit, Schmidt, Torsten, Schneider, Judith, Schröder, Frank, Schumacher, Lisa, Schwefer, Georg, Sclafani, Steve, Seckel, Dave, Seunarine, Surujhdeo, Sharma, Ankur, Shefali, Shefali, Shimizu, Nobuhiro, Silva, Manuel, Skrzypek, Barbara, Smithers, Ben, Snihur, Robert, Soedingrekso, Jan, Søgaard, Andreas, Soldin, Dennis, Spannfellner, Christian, Spiczak, Glenn, Spiering, Christian, Stamatikos, Michael, Stanev, Todor, Stein, Robert, Stezelberger, Thorsten, Stürwald, Timo, Stuttard, Thomas, Sullivan, Greg, Taboada, Ignacio, Ter-Antonyan, Samvel, Thompson, Will, Thwaites, Jessie, Tilav, Serap, Tollefson, Kirsten, Tönnis, Christoph, Toscano, Simona, Tosi, Delia, Trettin, Alexander, Tung, Chun Fai, Turcotte, Roxanne, Twagirayezu, Jean Pierre, Ty, Bunheng, Unland Elorrieta, Martin, Upshaw, Karriem, Valtonen-Mattila, Nora, Vandenbroucke, Justin, van Eijndhoven, Nick, Vannerom, David, van Santen, Jakob, Vara, Javi, Veitch-Michaelis, Joshua, Verpoest, Stef, Veske, Doga, Walck, Christian, Wang, Winnie, Watson, Timothy Blake, Weaver, Chris, Weigel, Philip, Weindl, Andreas, Weldert, Jan, Wendt, Chris, Werthebach, Johannes, Weyrauch, Mark, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wiebusch, Christopher, Willey, Nathan, Williams, Dawn, Wolf, Martin, Wrede, Gerrit, Wulff, Johan, Xu, Xianwu, Yanez, Juan Pablo, Yildizci, Emre, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yu, Shiqi, Yuan, Tianlu, Zhang, Zelong, Zhelnin, Pavel, Abbasi, Rasha, Ackermann, Markus, Adams, Jenni, Aggarwal, Nakul, Aguilar, Juanan, Ahlers, Markus, Ahrens, Maryon, Alameddine, Jean-Marco, Alves Junior, Antonio Augusto, Amin, Najia Moureen Binte, Andeen, Karen, Anderson, Tyler, Anton, Gisela, Argüelles, Carlos, Ashida, Yosuke, Athanasiadou, Sofia, Axani, Spencer, Bai, Xinhua, Balagopal V, Aswathi, Baricevic, Moreno, Barwick, Steve, Basu, Vedant, Bay, Ryan, Beatty, James, Becker, Karl Heinz, Becker Tjus, Julia, Beise, Jakob, Bellenghi, Chiara, Benda, Samuel, BenZvi, Segev, Berley, David, Bernardini, Elisa, Besson, Dave, Binder, Gary, Bindig, Daniel, Blaufuss, Erik, Blot, Summer, Bontempo, Federico, Book, Julia, Borowka, Jürgen, Boscolo Meneguolo, Caterina, Böser, Sebastian, Botner, Olga, Böttcher, Jakob, Bourbeau, Etienne, Braun, Jim, Brinson, Bennett, Brostean-Kaiser, Jannes, Burley, Ryan, Busse, Raffaela, Campana, Michael, Carnie-Bronca, Erin, Chen, Chujie, Chen, Zheyang, Chirkin, Dmitry, Choi, Koun, Clark, Brian, Classen, Lew, Coleman, Alan, Collin, Gabriel, Connolly, Amy, Conrad, Janet, Coppin, Paul, Correa, Pablo, Countryman, Stefan, Cowen, Doug, Cross, Robert, Dappen, Christian, Dave, Pranav, De Clercq, Catherine, DeLaunay, James, Delgado López, Diyaselis, Dembinski, Hans, Deoskar, Kunal, Desai, Abhishek, Desiati, Paolo, de Vries, Krijn, de Wasseige, Gwenhael, DeYoung, Tyce, Diaz, Alejandro, Díaz-Vélez, Juan Carlos, Dittmer, Markus, Dujmovic, Hrvoje, DuVernois, Michael, Ehrhardt, Thomas, Eller, Philipp, Engel, Ralph, Erpenbeck, Hannah, Evans, John, Evenson, Paul, Fan, Kwok Lung, Fazely, Ali, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feigl, Nora, Fiedlschuster, Sebastian, Fienberg, Aaron, Finley, Chad, Fischer, Leander, Fox, Derek, Franckowiak, Anna, Friedman, Elizabeth, Fritz, Alexander, Fürst, Philipp, Gaisser, Tom, Gallagher, Jay, Ganster, Erik, Garcia, Alfonso, Garrappa, Simone, Gerhardt, Lisa, Ghadimi, Ava, Glaser, Christian, Glüsenkamp, Thorsten, Glauch, Theo, Goehlke, Noah, Gonzalez, Javier, Goswami, Sreetama, Grant, Darren, Gray, Shannon, Grégoire, Timothée, Griswold, Spencer, Günther, Christoph, Gutjahr, Pascal, Haack, Christian, Hallgren, Allan, Halliday, Robert, Halve, Lasse, Halzen, Francis, Hamdaoui, Hassane, Ha Minh, Martin, Hanson, Kael, Hardin, John, Harnisch, Alexander, Hatch, Patrick, Haungs, Andreas, Helbing, Klaus, Hellrung, Jonas, Henningsen, Felix, Heuermann, Lars, Hickford, Stephanie, Hill, Colton, Hill, Gary, Hoffman, Kara, Hoshina, Kotoyo, Hou, Wenjie, Huber, Thomas, Hultqvist, Klas, Hünnefeld, Mirco, Hussain, Raamis, Hymon, Karolin, In, Seongjin, Iovine, Nadege, Ishihara, Aya, Jansson, Matti, Japaridze, George, Jeong, Minjin, Jin, Miaochen, Jones, Ben, Kang, Donghwa, Kang, Woosik, Kang, Xinyue, Kappes, Alexander, Kappesser, David, Kardum, Leonora, Karg, Timo, Karl, Martina, Karle, Albrecht, Katz, Uli, Kauer, Matt, Kelley, John, Kheirandish, Ali, Kin, Ken'ichi, Kiryluk, Joanna, Klein, Spencer, Kochocki, Alina, Koirala, Ramesh, Kolanoski, Hermann, Kontrimas, Tomas, Köpke, Lutz, Kopper, Claudio, Koskinen, Jason, Koundal, Paras, Kovacevich, Michael, Kowalski, Marek, Kozynets, Tetiana, Krupczak, Emmett, Kun, Emma, Kurahashi, Naoko, Lad, Neha, Lagunas Gualda, Cristina, Larson, Michael, Lauber, Frederik, Lazar, Jeffrey, Lee, Jiwoong, Leonard, Kayla, Leszczyńska, Agnieszka, Lincetto, Massimiliano, Liu, Qinrui, Liubarska, Maria, Lohfink, Elisa, Love, Christina, Lozano Mariscal, Cristian Jesus, Lu, Lu, Lucarelli, Francesco, Ludwig, Andrew, Luszczak, William, Lyu, Yang, Ma, Wing Yan, Madsen, Jim, Mahn, Kendall, Makino, Yuya, Mancina, Sarah, Marie Sainte, Wenceslas, Mariş, Ioana, Marka, Szabolcs, Marka, Zsuzsa, Marsee, Matthew, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Maruyama, Reina, McElroy, Thomas, McNally, Frank, Mead, James Vincent, Meagher, Kevin, Mechbal, Sarah, Medina, Andres, Meier, Maximilian, Meighen-Berger, Stephan, Merckx, Yarno, Micallef, Jessie, Mockler, Daniela, Montaruli, Teresa, Moore, Roger, Morse, Bob, Moulai, Marjon, Mukherjee, Tista, Naab, Richard, Nagai, Ryo, Naumann, Uwe, Nayerhoda, Amid, Necker, Jannis, Neumann, Miriam, Niederhausen, Hans, Nisa, Mehr, Nowicki, Sarah, Obertacke Pollmann, Anna, Oehler, Marie, Oeyen, Bob, Olivas, Alex, Orsoe, Rasmus, Osborn, Jesse, O'Sullivan, Erin, Pandya, Hershal, Pankova, Daria, Park, Nahee, Parker, Grant, Paudel, Ek Narayan, Paul, Larissa, Pérez de los Heros, Carlos, Peters, Lilly, Peterson, Josh, Philippen, Saskia, Pieper, Sarah, Pizzuto, Alex, Plum, Matthias, Popovych, Yuiry, Porcelli, Alessio, Prado Rodriguez, Maria, Pries, Brandon, Procter-Murphy, Rachel, Przybylski, Gerald, Raab, Christoph, Rack-Helleis, John, Rameez, Mohamed, Rawlins, Katherine, Rechav, Zoe, Rehman, Abdul, Reichherzer, Patrick, Renzi, Giovanni, Resconi, Elisa, Reusch, Simeon, Rhode, Wolfgang, Richman, Mike, Riedel, Benedikt, Roberts, Ella, Robertson, Sally, Rodan, Steven, Roellinghoff, Gerrit, Rongen, Martin, Rott, Carsten, Ruhe, Tim, Ruohan, Li, Ryckbosch, Dirk, Rysewyk Cantu, Devyn, Safa, Ibrahim, Saffer, Julian, Salazar-Gallegos, Daniel, Sampathkumar, Pranav, Sanchez Herrera, Sebastian, Sandrock, Alexander, Santander, Marcos, Sarkar, Sourav, Sarkar, Subir, Schaufel, Merlin, Schieler, Harald, Schindler, Sebastian, Schlüter, Berit, Schmidt, Torsten, Schneider, Judith, Schröder, Frank, Schumacher, Lisa, Schwefer, Georg, Sclafani, Steve, Seckel, Dave, Seunarine, Surujhdeo, Sharma, Ankur, Shefali, Shefali, Shimizu, Nobuhiro, Silva, Manuel, Skrzypek, Barbara, Smithers, Ben, Snihur, Robert, Soedingrekso, Jan, Søgaard, Andreas, Soldin, Dennis, Spannfellner, Christian, Spiczak, Glenn, Spiering, Christian, Stamatikos, Michael, Stanev, Todor, Stein, Robert, Stezelberger, Thorsten, Stürwald, Timo, Stuttard, Thomas, Sullivan, Greg, Taboada, Ignacio, Ter-Antonyan, Samvel, Thompson, Will, Thwaites, Jessie, Tilav, Serap, Tollefson, Kirsten, Tönnis, Christoph, Toscano, Simona, Tosi, Delia, Trettin, Alexander, Tung, Chun Fai, Turcotte, Roxanne, Twagirayezu, Jean Pierre, Ty, Bunheng, Unland Elorrieta, Martin, Upshaw, Karriem, Valtonen-Mattila, Nora, Vandenbroucke, Justin, van Eijndhoven, Nick, Vannerom, David, van Santen, Jakob, Vara, Javi, Veitch-Michaelis, Joshua, Verpoest, Stef, Veske, Doga, Walck, Christian, Wang, Winnie, Watson, Timothy Blake, Weaver, Chris, Weigel, Philip, Weindl, Andreas, Weldert, Jan, Wendt, Chris, Werthebach, Johannes, Weyrauch, Mark, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wiebusch, Christopher, Willey, Nathan, Williams, Dawn, Wolf, Martin, Wrede, Gerrit, Wulff, Johan, Xu, Xianwu, Yanez, Juan Pablo, Yildizci, Emre, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yu, Shiqi, Yuan, Tianlu, Zhang, Zelong, and Zhelnin, Pavel

Abstract

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory instruments about 1 km3 of deep, glacial ice at the geographic South Pole. It uses 5160 photomultipliers to detect Cherenkov light emitted by charged relativistic particles. An unexpected light propagation effect observed by the experiment is an anisotropic attenuation, which is aligned with the local flow direction of the ice. We examine birefringent light propagation through the polycrystalline ice microstructure as a possible explanation for this effect. The predictions of a first-principles model developed for this purpose, in particular curved light trajectories resulting from asymmetric diffusion, provide a qualitatively good match to the main features of the data. This in turn allows us to deduce ice crystal properties. Since the wavelength of the detected light is short compared to the crystal size, these crystal properties include not only the crystal orientation fabric, but also the average crystal size and shape, as a function of depth. By adding small empirical corrections to this first-principles model, a quantitatively accurate description of the optical properties of the IceCube glacial ice is obtained. In this paper, we present the experimental signature of ice optical anisotropy observed in IceCube light-emitting diode (LED) calibration data, the theory and parameterization of the birefringence effect, the fitting procedures of these parameterizations to experimental data, and the inferred crystal properties., Peer Reviewed

Published
2024

25. Search for 10–1000 GeV Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts with IceCube

Author

Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, SK, Aguilar, J.A., Alameddine, J.M, Amin, N.M., Andeen, K., Anton, G., Ahlers, Markus Tobias, Bourbeau, Etienne, Kozynets, Tetiana, Stuttard, Thomas Simon, Koskinen, D. Jason, Mead, James Vincent, Søgaard, Andreas, Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, SK, Aguilar, J.A., Alameddine, J.M, Amin, N.M., Andeen, K., Anton, G., Ahlers, Markus Tobias, Bourbeau, Etienne, Kozynets, Tetiana, Stuttard, Thomas Simon, Koskinen, D. Jason, Mead, James Vincent, and Søgaard, Andreas

Published
2024

26. In situ estimation of ice crystal properties at the South Pole using LED calibration data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Author

Abbasi, R., Ackerman, Mark, Adams, J., Aggarwal, Neha, Aguilar, J.A., Ahlers, Markus Tobias, Ahrens, M., Alameddine, J.M, Alves, AA, Amin, N.M., Kozynets, Tetiana, Bourbeau, Etienne, Mead, James Vincent, Stuttard, Thomas Simon, Koskinen, D. Jason, Søgaard, Andreas, Abbasi, R., Ackerman, Mark, Adams, J., Aggarwal, Neha, Aguilar, J.A., Ahlers, Markus Tobias, Ahrens, M., Alameddine, J.M, Alves, AA, Amin, N.M., Kozynets, Tetiana, Bourbeau, Etienne, Mead, James Vincent, Stuttard, Thomas Simon, Koskinen, D. Jason, and Søgaard, Andreas

Published
2024

27. Search for Galactic Core-collapse Supernovae in a Decade of Data Taken with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Author

Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, S.K., Aguilar, J.A., Ahlers, Markus Tobias, Alameddine, J.M, Amin, N.M., Andeen, K., Anton, G., Bourbeau, Etienne, Mead, James Vincent, Stuttard, Thomas Simon, Koskinen, D. Jason, Kozynets, Tetiana, Søgaard, Andreas, Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, S.K., Aguilar, J.A., Ahlers, Markus Tobias, Alameddine, J.M, Amin, N.M., Andeen, K., Anton, G., Bourbeau, Etienne, Mead, James Vincent, Stuttard, Thomas Simon, Koskinen, D. Jason, Kozynets, Tetiana, and Søgaard, Andreas

Published
2024

28. Search for Continuous and Transient Neutrino Emission Associated with IceCube's Highest-energy Tracks:An 11 yr Analysis

Author

Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, SK, Aguilar, J.A., Ahlers, Markus Tobias, Alameddine, J.M, Amin, N.M., Andeen, K., Anton, G., Bourbeau, Etienne, Groth, Kathrine Mørch, Mead, James Vincent, Stuttard, Thomas Simon, Koskinen, D. Jason, Kozynets, Tetiana, Søgaard, Andreas, Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, SK, Aguilar, J.A., Ahlers, Markus Tobias, Alameddine, J.M, Amin, N.M., Andeen, K., Anton, G., Bourbeau, Etienne, Groth, Kathrine Mørch, Mead, James Vincent, Stuttard, Thomas Simon, Koskinen, D. Jason, Kozynets, Tetiana, and Søgaard, Andreas

Published
2024

30. The mass-concentration relationship of virialized halos and its impact on cosmological observables

Author

King, Lindsay and Mead, James

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

A generic property of the cuspy simulated virialized halos in cold dark matter cosmogenies is that their concentration is inversely correlated with their mass. This behavior has also been confirmed in observations, although differences in the exact form and dispersion of this so-called mass-concentration relationship have been reported. Some observational studies of massive halos suggest that they are statistically over-concentrated with respect to the expectations of Lambda-CDM. Here we investigate the impact that various published mass-concentration relationships, both from simulations and derived from observations, would have on other cosmological observables, in particular considering upcoming surveys. We find that an integral measure of lensing shear, such as counts of peaks from halos, is very sensitive to the relationship between mass and concentration at fixed sigma-8, and the disparity between some reported fits is much larger than the impact of uncertainty in sigma-8 itself. We also briefly assess the impact of baryonic physics on cluster scale observables, using state-of-the-art simulations, concluding that it is unlikely to give rise to the high concentrations reported for some clusters., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, MNRAS accepted

Published
2011
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31. Improving CMB non-Gaussianity estimators using tracers of local structure

Author

Mead, James M. G., Lewis, Antony, and King, Lindsay J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Local non-Gaussianity causes correlations between large scale perturbation modes and the small scale power. The large-scale CMB signal has contributions from the integrated Sachs Wolfe (ISW) effect, which does not correlate with the small scale power. If this ISW contribution can be removed, the sensitivity to local non-Gaussianity is improved. Gravitational lensing and galaxy counts can be used to trace the ISW contribution; in particular we show that the CMB lensing potential is highly correlated with the ISW signal. We construct a nearly-optimal estimator for the local non-Gaussianity parameter $\fnl$ and investigate to what extent we can use this to decrease the variance on ${\fnl}$. We show that the variance can be decreased by up to $20\%$ at Planck sensitivity using galaxy counts. CMB lensing is a good bias-independent ISW tracer for future more sensitive observations, though the fractional decrease in variance is small if good polarization data is also available., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Comments welcome

Published
2010
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32. Magnetic fields in galaxies: I. Radio disks in local late-type galaxies

Author

Shabala, Stanislav, Mead, James M. G., and Alexander, Paul

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We develop an analytical model to follow the cosmological evolution of magnetic fields in disk galaxies. Our assumption is that fields are amplified from a small seed field via magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) turbulence. We further assume that this process is fast compared to other relevant timescales, and occurs principally in the cold disk gas. We follow the turbulent energy density using the Shabala & Alexander (2009) galaxy formation and evolution model. Three processes are important to the turbulent energy budget: infall of cool gas onto the disk and supernova feedback increase the turbulence; while star formation removes gas and hence turbulent energy from the cold gas. Finally, we assume that field energy is continuously transferred from the incoherent random field into an ordered field by differential galactic rotation. Model predictions are compared with observations of local late type galaxies by Fitt & Alexander (1993) and Shabala et al. (2008). The model reproduces observed magnetic field strengths and luminosities in low and intermediate-mass galaxies. These quantities are overpredicted in the most massive hosts, suggesting that inclusion of gas ejection by powerful AGNs is necessary in order to quench gas cooling and reconcile the predicted and observed magnetic field strengths., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures; MNRAS in press

Published
2010
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33. Probing the cosmic web: inter-cluster filament detection using gravitational lensing

Author

Mead, James M. G., King, Lindsay J., and McCarthy, Ian G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The problem of detecting dark matter filaments in the cosmic web is considered. Weak lensing is an ideal probe of dark matter, and therefore forms the basis of particularly promising detection methods. We consider and develop a number of weak lensing techniques that could be used to detect filaments in individual or stacked cluster fields, and apply them to synthetic lensing data sets in the fields of clusters from the Millennium Simulation. These techniques are multipole moments of the shear and convergence, mass reconstruction, and parameterized fits to filament mass profiles using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. In particular, two new filament detection techniques are explored (multipole shear filters and Markov Chain Monte Carlo mass profile fits), and we outline the quality of data required to be able to identify and quantify filament profiles. We also consider the effects of large scale structure on filament detection. We conclude that using these techniques, there will be realistic prospects of detecting filaments in data from future space-based missions. The methods presented in this paper will be of great use in the identification of dark matter filaments in future surveys., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, MNRAS accepted, (replacement due to corrupted end of pdf file)

Published
2009
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34. PTOLEMY: Relic neutrino direct detection

Author

Mead, James, primary, Apponi, Alice, additional, Betti, Maria Grazia, additional, Borghesi, Matteo, additional, Castellano, Orlando, additional, Cavoto, Gianluca, additional, Celasco, Edvige, additional, Chung, Wonyong, additional, Cocco, Alfredo G., additional, Colijn, Auke, additional, Cortis, Daniele, additional, D'Ambrosio, Nicola, additional, De Groot, Nicolo, additional, el Morabit, Saad, additional, Esposito, Angelo, additional, Farino, Mark, additional, Faverzani, Marco, additional, Ferri, Elena, additional, Ficcadenti, Luca, additional, Gariazzo, Stefano, additional, Garrone, Hobey, additional, Gatti, Flavio, additional, Giachero, Andrea, additional, Iwasaki, Yuno, additional, Laubenstein, Matthias, additional, Manenti, Laura, additional, Mangano, Gianpiero, additional, Marcucci, Laura, additional, Mariani, Carlo, additional, Menichetti, Guido, additional, Messina, Marcello, additional, Monticone, Eugenio, additional, Naafs, Michael, additional, Nucciotti, Angelo, additional, Pandolfi, Francesco, additional, Paoloni, Daniele, additional, Pepe, Carlo, additional, Pérez de los Heros, Carlos, additional, Pisanti, Ofelia, additional, Pofi, Francesca, additional, Polosa, Antonio Davide, additional, Puiu, Andrei, additional, Rago, Ilaria, additional, Rajteri, Mauro, additional, Rossi, Nicola, additional, Ruocco, Alessandro, additional, Tan, Andi, additional, Tozzini, Valentina, additional, Tully, Christopher, additional, van Rens, Inge, additional, Virzi, Federico, additional, Visser, Guido, additional, Viviani, Michele, additional, Zeitler, Uli, additional, Zheliuk, Oleksandr, additional, and Zimmer, Fabian, additional

Published
2024
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41. Developing a Mid-Range Theory To Make Sense of Scaling-Up School Reform: A Cross-Site Case Study of Chicago Public Schools.

Author

Mead, James V. and Simon, Stacy

Abstract

This paper reports the results from a cross-case analysis of a series of individual case studies in "successful" Chicago (Illinois) schools. Success was defined as demonstrating learning gains in student assessments. Taking this output approach, researchers confirmed the frequently reported findings from reform process case studies that successful schools create, maintain, and communicate a vision with an educational focus in the "steady work" fashion. Furthermore, these successful school used a process of local adaptation to make reform efforts fit into their environment. These are significant findings in that they replicate findings normally attributed to case studies that examine a singular reform effort or process. It is argued that these findings and backward mapping theory lead to the consideration of the output of reform, rather than its processes, as the appropriate target for future mid-level or system-wide theory development. The paper concludes with some speculation about using fractal modeling techniques to simulate reform output over large-scale systems. (Contains 1 figure and 22 references.) (Author/SLD)

Published
1996

43. Labor Relations 101: An Undeclared Context Specific Course for Prospective Teachers in an Alternative Training Program. Issue Paper 95-1.

Author

National Center for Research on Teacher Education, East Lansing, MI. and Mead, James V.

Abstract

This paper describes the effects of a labor dispute upon teacher trainees in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) alternative training program. The individual stories highlight the stress a labor dispute places on those who do not have the status of full-time teachers or prospective teachers in a traditional teacher education program. In the dispute, the trainees had three logical paths to choose regarding possible actions they could take: actively support the union, actively oppose the union, or remain neutral. The trainees' post-dispute justifications for their choices and their views on professionalism are described, as well as how the trainees perceived the dispute affecting their progress in the program and their views of the Teacher Trainee program and the union during and after the dispute. Many people now argue that prospective teachers should have long-term and sustained exposure in schools if teacher education programs are to produce better teachers. The paper concludes that teacher preparation programs that demand sustained presence in schools for student teachers raise new issues regarding the student teachers' status as members of a school community. (ND)

Published
1995

45. A Guide to the Teacher Education and Learning To Teach Database. Technical Series 93-2.

Author

National Center for Research on Teacher Learning, East Lansing, MI. and Mead, James V.

Abstract

This guide gives both an overview and a detailed summary of data from the Teacher Education and Learning to Teach (TELT) study that is now available in the National Center for Research on Teacher Education (NCRTE) IZE format database. The TELT study was a 5-year longitudinal study funded by the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI) which examined preservice, inservice, induction, and alternative route programs for teacher education. The study focused on a sample of prospective, beginning, and experienced teachers, following them through teacher education programs and into teaching. The researchers were primarily interested in what the teachers learned about teaching writing and mathematics to racially, socially, and ethnically diverse students while participating in the different programs. The majority of the data from the TELT study are available in electronic form utilizing some customized personal information manager software. Through tables and text, this guide provides the reader with a way to understand what data are available and how these data are organized in the software package. The guide provides information on the TELT project; the available data and how it is organized; an example of how to use it; and a sample search using the IZE software. Data are presented in a number of tables, including data on the 11 individual sites studied. (JLB)

Published
1993

46. Teachers' Evaluations of Student Work.

Author

National Center for Research on Teacher Learning, East Lansing, MI. and Mead, James V.

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the criteria elementary and secondary mathematics teachers use when assigning grades, the visible mark of a teacher's evaluation, when shown individual pieces of mathematics work. Data come from the Teacher Education and Learning to Teach longitudinal study of preservice programs, various types of on-the-job induction programs, and inservice programs. Respondents were asked one question, "What grade would you give this paper and why?" In a series of tables, the paper depicts both the allocation of grades given to the work and the criteria for assigning grades. Inferences that these teachers make about student understanding and effort are tabulated. Results suggest: (1) grading student work is a neglected subject; (2) grading appears to be a distasteful and marginalized teacher activity; (3) grading practices have taken on a life of their own that justifies teacher educators' careful attention; (4) how a grade is going to be assigned represents a novel point of entry to a discussion of instructional purpose and design; and (5) teacher educators might consider providing a sustained treatment of grading practices and their rationale. (LL)

Published
1992

47. Looking at Old Photographs: Investigating the Teacher Tales that Novice Teachers Bring with Them. [Revised.]

Author

National Center for Research on Teacher Learning, East Lansing, MI. and Mead, James V.

Abstract

This paper presents stories prospective teachers tell about interactions with and evaluations of former teachers. These interactions between remembrances of past school experiences and projected or current teaching practice have the potential to reinterpret the past making it useful in the present. Data were gathered from interviews and an analytic distinction is drawn between the stories themselves and the particular beliefs or action theories the informants value. For teacher educators, the tales are strongly related to present beliefs about teaching. Remembrance potentially forms a powerful part, negative or positive, of learning to teach. Memories represent one source of material which assists teacher candidates to grow into reflective professionals and is a tool with a multitude of uses for teacher educators. Teacher tales represent one reasonable point to initiate revision of the past, and more importantly challenge present beliefs. (Author/LL)

Published
1992

49. Retrieval of Snow Depth on Arctic Sea Ice From Surface‐Based, Polarimetric, Dual‐Frequency Radar Altimetry

Author

Willatt, Rosemary, primary, Stroeve, Julienne C., additional, Nandan, Vishnu, additional, Newman, Thomas, additional, Mallett, Robbie, additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Mead, James, additional, Itkin, Polona, additional, Tonboe, Rasmus, additional, Wagner, David N., additional, Spreen, Gunnar, additional, Liston, Glen, additional, Schneebeli, Martin, additional, Krampe, Daniela, additional, Tsamados, Michel, additional, Demir, Oguz, additional, Wilkinson, Jeremy, additional, Jaggi, Matthias, additional, Zhou, Lu, additional, Huntemann, Marcus, additional, Raphael, Ian A., additional, Jutila, Arttu, additional, and Oggier, Marc, additional

Published
2023
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