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Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour (IMT) or ‘pseudotumour’ of the kidney is a uncommon benign tumour, common in young adults with unknown etiology. Clinical feature and radiological investigations are usually inconclusive. Often, biopsy is inconclusive required a management similar to that of Renal Cell Cancer (RCC). Diagnosis is based on immunohistochemistry. We are reporting a case of IMT in a 32-year-old female patient who presented with left flank pain and haematuria which on evaluation was suggestive of left renal cell carcinoma. IMT was confermed by Surgery, histopathological examination and Immunohistochemistry. Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 112-115

Clostridium perfringens is a ubiquitous spore-forming anaerobic pathogen that is frequently associated with enteric disease in chickens. Moreover, enterotoxin-producing C. perfringens has high zoonotic potential as well as serious public health concerns due to the emanation of food-borne intoxication. The present study was designed to isolate, identify, and toxinotype C. perfringens from both healthy and cases of necrotic or ulcerative enteritis chickens. A total of 110 samples were collected from July 2019 to February 2021. Among the samples, 38 (34.5%, 95% CI: 26.39–43.83) were positive for C. perfringens and were obtained from broiler 21 (33.3%, 95% CI: 22.91–45.67), Sonali 9 (34.6%, 95% CI: 19.31–53.88), and layer 8 (38%, 95% CI: 20.68–59.20). C. perfringens was highly prevalent (35.7%, 95% CI: 25.48–47.44) in enteritis chickens compared with healthy ones. In multiplex PCR toxinotyping, 34 (89.4%) isolates were identified as C. perfringens type A by the presence of the alpha toxin gene (cpa). Moreover, in addition to the cpa gene, 3 (14.3%, 95% CI: 4.14–35.48) broiler and 1 (11.1%, 95% CI: 0.01–45.67) Sonali isolates harbored the enterotoxin gene (cpe) and were classified as type F. However, none of the isolates carried genes encoding beta (cpb), epsilon (etx), iota (iap), or beta-2 (cpb2) toxins. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the following variables such as; “previously used litter materials” (OR 21.77, 95% CI 2.22–212.66, p ≤ 0.008 ); intestinal lesions, “presence of ulceration” (OR 30.01, 95% CI 3.02–297.91, p ≤ 0.004 ); “ballooned with gas” (OR 24.74, 95% CI 4.34–140.86, p ≤ 0.001 ) and “use of probiotics” (OR 5.24, 95% CI 0.74–36.75, p ≤ 0.095 ) act as risk factors for C. perfringens colonization in chicken gut. This is the first study of molecular toxinotyping of C. perfringens from healthy and enteric-diseased chickens in Bangladesh, which might have a potential food-borne zoonotic impact on human health.

Background: Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) is the cornerstone of diagnosis and TURBT followed by selective adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy is the gold standard of treatment for the patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Even after complete resection of the tumor there is high risk of residual tumor and subsequent recurrence and progression of the disease. The recurrence of T1 tumor is found to be around 71 % within 5 years and High grade T1 lesions recur in more than 80% of the cases and progress in 50% of the patients within 3 years. Disease status at 3 months after initial resection is an important predictor of subsequent recurrence and progression. To assess the tumor recurrence rat Objective: e among patients with newly diagnosed T1 bladder cancer between repeat transurethral resection group and single TURBT group. Ra Type of study: ndomized controlled trial. Place of study: Department of urology, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This Randomi Materials And Methods: zed Controlled Trial was conducted in urology department of BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2017 till September 2018. A total of 50 patients, diagnosed as a case of T1 bladder cancer and who fulll the selection criteria were randomly divided in two groups consisting of 25 patients in each group. After informed consent, repeat TUR was done after 4 weeks of the initial TURBT for only 22 patients in group I since 3 of the patients did not show up on the scheduled date of surgery. Whereas, repeat TUR was not done for other 25 patients in group II. All the patients in both the groups were further treated with intravesical therapy according to the histopathological report. The patients in both the groups were followed up at 3 months and 6 months of the initial intervention where detailed history was taken, relevant investigations were done and check cystoscopy was done. TURBT was done for recurrent tumors. Out of 22 patients in group I, 2 patients were excluded for follow up on the basis of repeat TUR ndings. Whereas in group II, 2 patients missed the follow up and one of them missed the normal scheduled dose of intravesical therapy. Hence, 22 patients completed the study in group II. The baseline variables like age and Results: sex were similar in both the groups with higher male predominance. There was no statistical signicant difference in tumor characteristics such as size, number and grade of the tumor between the two groups. Out of 22 patients in group I who underwent repeat TUR at 4 weeks of initial TUR, residual disease was found in 8 (36.36%) patients. One of the patient was found to have T2 disease and 1 patient had CIS during repeat TUR. These 2 patients were not followed up since the treatment strategy changed after the results of repeat TUR. After 6 months of follow up of all the patients, 2 (10%) out of 20 patients in group I were found to have tumor recurrence however, in group II, 9 (40.9%) patients had tumor recurrence. The tumor recurrence rate between the two groups was found to be statistically signicant (p=0.023). In the light of ndings of this Conclusion: study, it can be concluded that performing repeat transurethral resection in patients with newly diagnosed T1 bladder cancer at 4 weeks of initial TURBT, helps to detect signicant number of residual tumor and reduce early recurrence rate of the tumor.

The highly active Ni/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) of the different molar ratios of Ni and Cu (1:1, 1:3, 3:1) assisted by dendritic ligand 2,4,6-Tris (di-4-chlorobenzamido)-1,3-diazine were synthesized successfully confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Diffraction X-ray (EDX), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. These NPs were studied as a heterogeneous catalyst for the chemoselective oxidation of alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde at 30 min and chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro substituents to the corresponding amino substituents at 20 min, while the Ni/Cu (3:1) NPs were found to be the most effective among other Ni/Cu (1:1) and Ni/Cu (1:3) NPs at room temperature under mild conditions. The Ni/Cu (3:1) NPs can be recycled for at least five successive runs with no perceptible decrease in catalytic activity.

A hundred-percent stone clearance was achieved in a hospital based prospective clinical trial in which 60 cases of upper ureteric stone were selected by purposive sampling for percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy & Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy between December 2012 and June 2014 in BSMMU. The mean age of the patients was 40.53±11.71 (19-61) and 41.23±10.76 (20-59) years old in PCNUL and LUL groups, respectively. The mean stone size in PCNUL group was 1.88±0.39 (1.06-2.45) cm and in LUL group was 1.97±0.42 (1.20-2.60) cm. The duration of the operations were 94.13 ± 17.34 (75-140) minutes, and 121.43 ± 19.91 (90-167) minutes (P =0.001); and the average hospital stay days were 3.73 ± 1.20 (3-8) and 4.80 ± 1.71 (3-9) days (P = 0.017) in groups PCNUL and LUL, accordingly. The mean Hb decrease in PCNUL group was 1.16±0.35 mg/dL and in LUL group was 0.77±0.31 mg/dL (P =

Background and objective Diversified agricultural production is considered a means to enhance food diversity at the household level, particularly in developing countries where subsistence farming is common. Given the importance of a diversified diet for human health and the persistent malnutrition problem in Bangladesh, a pressing issue is how different crops and livestock production affect household food diversification, and this study sought to answer that question. Methods Using a multistage sampling procedure, data were collected from 190 small farm holder households from Hatiya (a coastal rural sub-district of Noakhali, Bangladesh). Farm production diversity (FPD) is measured using the household biodiversity index (HBI), a simple count of all crops and livestock produced on the farm. The household dietary diversity score (HDDS) is calculated, according to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines, by counting 12 food groups consumed by the households in the last 24 h preceding the survey. Results On average, households consumed 6.49 food groups during the reference day, according to the household biodiversity index (HBI). The generalized Poisson log-linear regression results indicated that farm production diversity had a positive association with HDDS; one group of farm production increased the household dietary diversity (HDD) by 0.084 unit [β: 0.084, 95% CI: 0.064, 0.106; Exp (B): 1.087], an 8.7% increase in dietary diversity. Total land size, less time to reach the district market, and improved irrigation process affect dietary diversity in bivariate analysis. Farmer's reliance on production diversity reduces when the market is more accessible and improved irrigation is used for production. Conclusion Smallholder farm households in Bangladesh could benefit from context-specific, food-based nutrition-sensitive agriculture policies that focus on triangulation of diversified production, greater market access, and updated agricultural technology utilization., Highlights • In subsistence farming, diverse agricultural production can play a vital role in ensuring diversified food consumption. • In this study, a generalized Poisson regression estimator was used for modeling count data with under-dispersion. • Study findings indicated that higher farm production diversity (FPD) was associated with higher dietary diversity. • Farmer's reliance on FPD reduces when the market is more accessible and improved irrigation is used for production. • Nutrition-sensitive agricultural practices aimed at subsistence farmers could help to achieve food diversity., Production diversity; Household dietary diversity; Smallholder farm households; Market access; Agriculture technology; Bangladesh.

Salmonella is one of the etiological agents of intestinal illness as well as typhoid and paratyphoid feverthroughout the world. While food is known to be a common vehicle for the transmission of typhoidalSalmonella serovars, non-typhoidal Salmonella are mainly known as foodborne pathogens. But recentstudies found water as vehicle for transmission of Salmonella serovars. And several studies have showedthe role of contaminated water in Salmonella foodborne illness. So, this paper provides a brief review ofthe last twenty years of peer reviewed publications on the prevalence of Salmonella in environmental water,and relationship between contaminated water and Salmonella foodborne infections. Salmonella representzoonotic bacteria that are distributed throughout the world. Data relating to Salmonella prevalence in waterindicated a mixed human and animal origin of Salmonella contribution to water contamination. This studyhas also emphasized on the role of these contaminated water in occurring Salmonella foodborne diseasesand its implication on global public health problem.

Objective: This study was undertaken to compare the curative efficacy of marigold leaf paste and turmeric paste on healing the incised wound in sheep. The study also determined the anti¬microbial effects and histopathological changes in a wounds healing process treated with these medicinal herbs. Materials and Methods: Surgical wounds (n = 18) were created aseptically in the skin of the flank region of six healthy sheep dividing them into three experimental groups. Follow-up data were taken up to day 21. Different morphological characteristics of the wound and wound contraction (length and width) were recorded weekly. Samples were collected on days 1, 2, and 3 to test the antimicrobial effects and on days 1, 3, and 7 for histopathological studies. Results: Treatment with marigold leaf paste and turmeric paste resulted in a swelled wound area of 11.78 ± 0.38 mm and 11.52 ± 0.27 mm, respectively. The wound areas were comparatively lower than that of the control group (11.44 ± 0.20 mm). Moreover, the least elevation (2.44 ± 0.12 mm) of the sutured line from the skin surface was noted and compared between the marigold leaf paste and normal saline (2.74 ± 0.13 mm). Bacterial colonies in the nutrient agar medium cultured with swabs from the normal saline-treated groups wound area were found on day 1. On the con¬trary, bacterial colonies were absent on days 2 and 3 of treatment in the groups treated with both the paste of marigold leaves and turmeric. Less intense tissue reactions and higher keratinization of epithelium were shown in the group treated with marigold leaf paste than turmeric paste and saline-treated groups. Conclusion: Marigold leaf paste showed less tissue reaction and healed the wounds effectively. Thus, this paste could be used for the treatment of superficial wounds in sheep. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(4.000): 750-757]

A palladium containing metallodendrimer has been directly prepared by the reaction of 2,4,6-Triaminopyrimidine (Diazine) with 4-methyl benzoyl chloride using (Ph3P)2PdCl2 in DMF at 70 oC in good yields. The compound was characterized with IR, NMR, Mass and other spectroscopic methods while SEM andEDX showed the surface morphology and the presence of Palladium chloride of the compound. TG and DSC exhibited the good thermal stability of themetallodendrimer. The compound was found to be an effective homogeneous catalyst for the C-C cross-coupling reaction such as Heck and Sonogashira.

A novel Pd-based metallodendrimer has been directly prepared by the reaction of substituted triazine with substituted benzoyl chloride in good yields using (Ph3P)2PdCl2 and DMF at 70 oC. This procedure avoids the use of high temperature and severe reaction conditions. The surface morphology like as entangled nanofibers from SEM image and the presence of Palladium ions of the compound from EDX analysis were obtained in addition TG and DSC showed the good thermal stability of the compound. This white solid compound was found to be an effective homogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of ynones in where the synthetic route was copper and phosphine ligand-free.

A moisture-stable diazine-based dendrimer assisted heterogeneous bimetallic Pd/Co nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesized which showed a simple, profitable and environmentally sustainable operation for the Sonogashira reactions under copper and solvent-free conditions with regained easily and recycled four times without substantial activity loss. Furthermore, the dendrimer was analyzed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis whereas the Pd/Co bimetallic NPs was characterized by EDX, TGA & DSC, and XRD techniques.