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The study attempts to investigate the impact of corporate governance (CG) attributes on return on assets (ROA) of listed information technology companies in Bangladeshi. Secondary sources of data over the period of 5 years from 2018 to 2022 collected from Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) of the sample companies are used to analyze and mean, standard deviation, VIF, maximum, minimum and multiple regression techniques are applied to reach the objectives of the study. The results represent that there is a strong positive influence of corporate on ROA. Board size and nomination and remuneration committee are positively associated with ROA at 5% level of significance. On the other hand, a significant negative relationship between board independence and firm size proxied by total assets and ROA is seen. Audit committee independent, firm age, board meeting and firm performance of information technology listed companies are not statistically significantly related. The results of the study are more effective to management, shareholders, creditors and potential investors to make a useful decision for the companies.

Purpose: A study was conducted to transform bovine blood, a slaughterhouse by-product, into an organic source of nitrogen, which is otherwise disposed of through sewer systems only to pollute the nearby water bodies. Method: The annual blood production in the Khulna City Corporation (KCC) slaughterhouses was estimated, blood samples were collected, and blood meals were manufactured and characterized for their nitrogen content and other nutritional values. The best blood meal was sorted out, incubated in soil, and applied to spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) to assess the effects of the final product on plant and soil health.Result: This investigation estimated the annual disposal of 58.62 tons of bovine blood from the KCC slaughterhouses. The conventionally derived blood meal (BMc) attained the higher amount of primary nutrients (NPKS), while oven-dried blood meal (BMod) attained the higher amount of secondary nutrients (Ca and Mg), micronutrients (Fe, Cu, and Mn) and heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Ni). An increasing rate of blood meal incubation in soil increased available N and N-mineralization with an incubation time of up to 90 days. Blood meal application to spinach at a rate of 5 t/ha had evident higher productivity and better N-utilization efficiency although application rate above 5 t/ha declined crop performance. Conclusion: The outcome of the study suggests that blood meal can be used as an organic source of nitrogen and the application of blood meal has manifold benefits if applied at a judicious rate preferably less than or equal to 5 t/ha.

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the fluid flow structure and heat transfer from an isothermal cylinder with a curved corner radius ratio (r/R) of 0.5, and attack angle (α) is varied between 0° ≤ α ≤ 45°. The cylinder is subjected to airflow at a Reynolds number (Re) = 180 and Prandtl number (Pr) = 0.7. This study focuses on the effect of α on the fluid forces, Strouhal number, Nusselt number, and flow structure, and wake bubble size. The sensitivity of the time-mean drag and lift forces is investigated to α, and they appear to be minimum at critical α of 5° and 12°, respectively. The increase of α from 0 to 45° results in about 12.9% enhancement in the heat transfer from the cylinder.

This study's goal is to evaluate the financial resilience of Bangladesh's ceramics industry using the Altman Z-Score model. The nation's economy heavily depends on the ceramics industry, which also creates jobs and contributes to industrial output. Rapid expansion in both home and international markets makes the financial stability of the sector essential to the stability of the economy as a whole. Using a quantitative methodology, this study examines information from the fiscal years 2020–21 annual reports of five listed ceramics companies. For the first time in this industry context, the Altman Z-Score model reveals a significant portion of companies falling into the "Distress" zone, indicating a heightened risk of financial challenges. The results have real-world ramifications for investors, legislators, and stakeholders. They can be used to improve financial plans and encourage the expansion of sustainable industries. By addressing a significant void in the assessment of financial resilience within Bangladesh's ceramics industry, the study adds to the body of literature.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of adding flavoring agents to fermented cassava pulp (FCPU) on nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and blood metabolites in growing cattle. Materials and Methods: A duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design was randomly assigned to six growing beef cattle. Treatments were: 1) untreated FCPU (control), 2) 0.05% w/v vanilla-flavored FCPU, and 3) 0.05% w/v amyl acetate-flavored FCPU. Results: The results showed that flavoring agents did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) or digestibility of nutrients. Rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentrations did not change all treat¬ments postfeeding. Flavoring added to FCPU after feeding did not affect total volatile fatty acid (VFA) or VFA percentage. However, propionic acid levels tended to be lower in the vanilla-flavored FCPU group than those in the unflavored FCPU group at 0 h postfeeding (p < 0.01). Growing bulls fed vanilla-flavored FCPU tended to have greater fungal zoospores in the rumen than those fed amyl acetate-flavored FCPU (p < 0.1) at 2 h after feeding. Dietary treatments did not affect blood glucose and urea nitrogen concentrations (p > 0.05). However, blood triglyceride concentration was greater for cattle fed a control diet than other treatments at 0 h postfeeding (p < 0.05) and tended to be higher than those fed vanilla-flavored FCPU at 2 h afterfeeding (p < 0.1). Conclusion: It was suggested that adding vanilla or amyl acetate flavor to the FCPU showed no adverse effects on ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, or nutritional digestibility; however, it did not increase DMI.

Objective: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of Aeromonas veronii Alim_AV_1000 isolated from ulcerative lesions of Shing fish (stringing catfish; Heteropneustes fossilis) was performed during the outbreak year 2021. Materials and Methods: Using next-generation sequencing (Illumina) technology, WGS was accomplished, resulting in the sequencing, assembly, and analysis of the entire genome of the A. veronii strain. Moreover, the genomic features, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistome, and phylogenetic analysis for the molecular evolution of this strain were also examined. Results: The genome size of the A. veronii Alim_AV_1000 strain was 4,494,515 bp, with an average G+C content of 58.87%. Annotation revealed the known transporters and genes linked to virulence, drug targets, and antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion: The findings of the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain of the present study has a close relationship with the China strain TH0426 and strain B56. This study provides novel information on A. veronii isolated from Shing fish in Bangladesh.

Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is defined as the integration of environmental thinking into supply-chain management, including product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing processes and procurement. Generally, the sustainable supply chain is built on three dimensions: social, economic, and environmental, while the green supply chain emphasizes on the environmental issue considering an economic result. Although many works of sustainable growth heed attention on the profit margin as a first priority, however, the green supply chain focuses on the environmental issue along with an efficacious process, which is a beneficial to the environment as well. There are over 200 papers about GSCM. But among them, very few papers focus on the Pharmaceutical Industry, specially focusing on the supplier. But this paper focuses on implementing GSCM on Pharmaceutical Industry. Multi-objective Optimization Model has been applied here. Performance of the proposed model is evaluated by the Pycharm Solver of Python.

This numerical study investigated the flow-induced vibration (FIV) on non-heated and heated cylinders with different normalized corner radii (r*) at different Reynolds numbers (Re). Four different values of r* were considered (i.e., 0 (square cylinder), 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 (circular cylinder)) at three different Re: 100, 150, and 200 within the laminar regime. The cylinder constrained in the axial direction and oscillated transversally was considered for a fixed nondimensional cylinder mass (m*) of 10 and a reduced velocity (Ur) of 4.92. The effect of r* and Re could be seen in the vibration modes of cylinders. The two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes and energy equations were solved together with Newton’s Second Law governing the motion of the cylinder with the help of a computational solver. Four different modes were observed in this study: Mode-I characterized by exceptionally low amplitude; Mode-II characterized by fluctuating amplitude known as hysteresis (beating); Mode-III characterized by high amplitude due to synchronization or lock-in; and Mode-IV characterized by the monotonic oscillation of fixed amplitude. For r* = 1, synchronization phenomenon/lock-in was observed. For the heated cylinder cases, due to the change in the normalized corner radius, a notable change in nondimensional vibrational amplitude A/D and the average Nusselt number Nuavg was seen. It was observed that A/D was higher when lock-in occurred (at Re = 100 and r* = 1), leading to a rise in Nuavg by 47.9% compared to Re = 100 and r* = 0. Due to the change in r*, a shifting phenomenon was observed at Re = 150, r* = 0.75 and Re = 200, r* = 1. A major change in Nuavg was observed from the circular cylinder to square cylinder at different Re. The beating phenomenon was observed at Re = 100 for r* = 0.75, which was similar to that occurring at Re = 150 and r* = 0.5, and those at Re = 200 and r* = 0. Heat transfer and wake structure parameters were found to be dependent on r* and Re.

This study is an effort to encapsulate the fundamentals and major findings in the area of fluid-solid interaction, particularly the flow-induced vibrations (FIV). Periodic flow separation and vortex shedding stretching downstream induce dynamic fluid forces on the bluff body and results in oscillatory motion of the body. The motion is generally referred to as flow-induced vibrations. FIV is a dynamic phenomenon as the motion, or the vibration of the body is subjected to the continuously changing fluid forces. Sometimes FIV is modeled as forced vibrations to mimic the vibration response due to the fluid forces. FIV is a deep concern of engineers for the design of modern heat exchangers, particularly the shell-and-tube type, as it is the major cause for the tube failures. Effect of important parameters such as Reynolds number, spacing ratio, damping coefficient, mass ratio and reduced velocity on the vibration characteristics (such as Strouhal number, vortex shedding, vibration frequency and amplitude, etc.) is summarized. Flow over a bluff body with wakes developed has been studied widely in the past decades. Several review articles are available in the literature on the area of vortex shedding and FIV. None of them, however, discusses the cases of FIV with heat transfer. In particular systems, FIV is often coupled to heat transfer, e.g., in nuclear power plants, FIV causes wear and tear to heat exchangers, which can eventually lead to catastrophic failure. As the circular shape is the most common shape for tubes and pipes encountered in practice, this review will only focus on the FIV of circular cylinders. In this attempt, FIV of single and multiple cylinders in staggered arrangement, including tandem and side-by-side arrangement is summarized for heated and unheated cylinder(s) in the one- and two-degree of freedom. The review also synthesizes the effect of fouling on heat transfer and flow characteristics. Finally, research prospects for heated circular cylinders are also stated.

To install a new infrastructure of a power transmission line is not only costly but also time-consuming, and it also have some harmful impact on our environment and therefore existing transmission infrastructure is important to use effectively. FACTS is a popular solution to utilize this existing power transmission system by using series compensation by means of the series capacitor to enhance the power transmission capacity as well as voltage stability. This paper explores the utilization of series capacitor applying to the power grid of Eastern part of Bangladesh. For doing this we have considered the analytical calculation of 10% to 85% compensation of that power line. As a result, we have observed that the power transfer capacity has been enhanced about 37 times and it also improve the voltage stability, when the compensation ration is 85%. We consider our calculation mathematically and represent the load curve and voltage profile by plotting in Matlab.

Objective: The present study is aimed to investigate in vitro thrombolytic activity of three Bangladeshi medicinal plants Averrhoa bilimbi (Oxalidiaceae), Clerodendrum viscosum (Verbanaceae) and Drynaria quercifolia (Polypodiaceae). Materials and methods: Each the plant was extracted with methanol at room temperature and the concentrated methanolic extracts (MEF) were fractionated by the modified Kupchan partitioning method to render pet-ether soluble fraction (PESF), carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (CTSF), chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) and aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF). To observe their thrombolytic potential, a prompt and swift method was involved where streptokinase and water were used as positive and negative control, respectively. Result: Among the three plants, AQSF and PESF of D. quercifolia with CTSF of C. viscosum exhibited highest thrombolytic activity by clot lysis of 34.38%, 34.27% and 28.64%, respectively. Among other extracts A. bilimbi, C. viscosun and D.quercifolia showed significant percentage (%) of clot lysis compared to standard streptokinase (41.05%) while the negative control water revealed 3.31 % lysis of clot. Conclusion: From our findings it is observed that all the plants revealed remarkable thrombolytic activity. Therefore, steps should be taken to observe in vivo clot dissolving potential and to isolate active component(s) of these extracts.

Transplanted (T.) aman rice (Oryza sativa L.) covers the largest cultivated area in Bangladesh while very little information on molecular level characterization of T. aman genotypes persists. The major aim of this study was to dissect molecular characterization and genetic diversity of 25 T. aman rice genotypes using twelve simple sequences repeats (SSRs) markers. The rice genotypes comprised local landraces that were collected from twelve districts of Bangladesh. A total of twelve SSR primer pairs covering all 12 chromosomes of rice were selected for the study. The molecular characterization, genetic diversity, population structure and principal component analysis (PCA) were estimated and the results revealed a total of fifty alleles across 12 loci ranged from 2 (RM411) to 7 (RM252) per locus. The maximum gene diversity exhibited in RM252 (0.7) while the minimum was in RM320 (0.15). The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.14 to 0.67 while RM252 and RM206 identified as the most suitable markers. Clustering based on unweight pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis clustered 25 genotypes into six major clusters (IVI) with similarity coefficient value of 0.34. Cluster V contained a maximum seven genotypes with 5 subgroups. Again, the population structure displayed 3 populations namely population 1, 2 and 3. These populations were clustered into the 3 major groups in the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) 2D plot. Here, PC1 and PC2 contributed 32.7% variations. However, the overall hybridization suggested between the genotypes of the population 1 and 3, specifically between clusters I and cluster VI, and between the diverse parents such as, genotypes Bohi Trimota and Ranga, Bohi Trimota and Purple Rice-2, Bohi Trimota and Purple Rice-3. These diverse clusters and genotypes identified through SSR makers are lay foundation of molecular characterization of T. aman rice genotypes in Bangladesh and further marker-assisted studies will be suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study sought to optimise process parameters of thermal pyrolysis of mixed waste plastic (MWP) to maximise pyrolytic oil yield. High-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) were used as feedstocks for pyrolysis. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box–Behnken design (BBD) were used to optimise the pyrolysis process. The optimisation was carried out by varying three independent variables, namely, reaction temperature (460–540 °C), residence time (30–150 min), and size of MWP feedstock (5–45 mm), to increase the liquid oil yield. A BBD matrix was used to generate the design of the experiments, and 15 experiments were conducted. The highest liquid oil yield of 75.14 wt% was obtained by optimising the operating parameters, which were a reaction temperature of 535.96 °C, a reaction time of 150 min, and a feedstock particle size of 23.99 mm. A model was developed to determine the relationships among the independent variables, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate their impact on maximising oil yield. ANOVA results showed that the temperature and residence time had the maximum impact on oil yield, followed by feedstock size. Physicochemical analysis of the properties of the plastic pyrolytic oil (PPO) revealed that the crude PPO obtained from the MWP had higher water (0.125 wt%) and sulfur content (5.12 mg/kg) and lower flash point (<20 °C) and cetane index (32), which makes it unsuitable for use as an automobile fuel. However, these issues can be resolved by upgrading the PPO using different posttreatment techniques, such as distillation and hydrotreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on optimizing the thermal pyrolysis process to maximize pyrolysis oil yield using marine biomass or seaweed. The process, conducted in a batch reactor, was optimized using response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design. Variables like temperature, residence time, and stirring speed were adjusted to maximize bio-oil yield. The optimal conditions yielded 42.94% bio-oil at 463.13 °C, with a residence time of 65.75 min and stirring speed of 9.74 rpm. The analysis showed that temperature is the most critical factor for maximizing yield. The bio-oil produced contains 11 functional groups, primarily phenol, aromatics, and alcohol. Its high viscosity and water content make it unsuitable for engines but suitable for other applications like boilers and chemical additives. It is recommended to explore the potential of refining the bio-oil to reduce its viscosity and water content, making it more suitable for broader applications, including in engine fuels. Further research could also investigate the environmental impact and economic feasibility of scaling up this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]