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Markov Stationary Features (MSF) based on homogeneous Markov chain model, for content-based image analysis, is getting popularity nowadays. It not only considers the distribution of colors, just as the histogram method does, but also characterizes the spatial co-occurrence of histogram patterns. However, handling a large-scale database of images with a degree of heterogeneity, a simple MSF method is not sufficient to discriminate the images as one requires. In this paper, an Integrated Color and Intensity MSF (ICI-MSF) based on non-homogeneous Markov Chain is proposed to overcome this shortcoming. By incorporating spatial co-occurrence of image intensities with the spatial co-occurrence information of colors and exploiting time inhomogeneous Markov chain concept, it is possible to improve certain aspects of the existing methods. Without compromising effectiveness and robustness, the method proposed in this paper keeps the feature level simplicity. Widely recognized databases namely WANG1000 and Corel10800, are used to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with the existing methods. The experimental results justify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a steadily growing health problem. Malnutrition is common in this irreversible state of kidney failure. The CKD along with malnutrition adversely affect the HRQOL of the patients. This study was conducted to assess the association between nutritional status and HRQOL of CKD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 CKD patients at Gonoshasthaya Dialysis Centre in Dhaka of Bangladesh during the period from July 2019 to June 2020. Data were collected purposively by using a semi-structured questionnaire with face to face interview, physical examinations and review of medical records. Results: In this study, majority of the patients were male (67.7%) and mean (±SD) age was 47.59±12.51 years. The patients were higher in proportion (60.0%) in stage 5. Mean (±SD) duration of CKD was 3.8 (±1.83) years. Based on SGA score, majority of the patients (81.8%) were mild to moderately malnourished while 5.5% were severely malnourished. Overall mean (±SD) score of HRQOL was 47.07 (±14.89). The score was higher (53.84±13.60) in KDCS followed by MCS (45.99±21.06) and PCS (41.35±14.92). Mean (±SD) score of HRQOL was 33.27±9.80, 45.67±14.26 and 61.96±9.16 in severely malnourished, mild to moderately malnourished and well-nourished patients respectively (F = 24.191, p < .001). Correlation between mean score of HRQOL and SGA score was positively significant (r= .709, p

To address the rising electricity demand and greenhouse gas concentration in the environment, considerable effort is being carried out across the globe on installing and operating renewable energy sources. However, the renewable energy production is affected by diurnal and seasonal variability. To ensure that the electric grid remains reliable and resilient even for the high penetration of renewables into the grid, various types of energy storage systems are being investigated. In this paper, a compressed-air energy storage (CAES) system integrated with a natural gas combined-cycle (NGCC) power plant is investigated where air is extracted from the gas turbine compressor or injected back into the gas turbine combustor when it is optimal to do so. First-principles dynamic models of the NGCC plant and CAES are developed along with the development of an economic model. The dynamic optimization of the integrated system is undertaken in the Python/Pyomo platform for maximizing the net present value (NPV). NPV optimization is undertaken for 14 regions/cases considering year-long locational marginal price (LMP) data with a 1 h interval. Design variables such as the storage capacity and storage pressure, as well as the operating variables such as the power plant load, air injection rate, and air extraction rate, are optimized. Results show that the integrated CAES system has a higher NPV than the NGCC-only system for all 14 regions, thus indicating the potential deployment of the integrated system under the assumption of the availability of caverns in close proximity to the NGCC plant. The levelized cost of storage is found to be in the range of 136–145 $/MWh. Roundtrip efficiency is found to be between 74.6–82.5%. A sensitivity study with respect to LMP shows that the LMP profile has a significant impact on the extent of air injection/extraction while capital expenditure reduction has a negligible effect.

Rotating elements are essential components in the industrial sector, where vibration is a common occurrence. Vibration has its bad impacts, which include damages, disturbances, noise, etc. As a result, every industry must quantify the effect of vibration and keep it below a certain threshold. To study the effect of vibration, a system is developed that consists of power transmitting elements such as a belt-pulley mechanism, spur gear, ball bearing, shaft, and a motor for power production. This rotating element's vibration is analyzed by a vibration analyzer, which contains three types of sensors that measure the vibration characteristics along three axes (X, Y, and Z) at a particular point and return the vibration characteristics in waveform and spectrum at different points. This article describes the vibration of the shaft during shaft misalignment, mechanical looseness, and mass unbalancing. During this condition, the vibration level at a specific point crosses the ISO standard. After shaft alignment, mass balancing, and using damper materials, these vibration levels reduce to a certain level lower than those of the previous conditions, which have been studied in this paper. The vibration analyzer evaluates these vibration levels to determine whether or not the machinery is in optimal condition. This study provides analysis and design engineers with practical guidance for considering noise and vibration in gear and belt drives.

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the differences in epidemiologic and disease aspects among patients with COVID-19MethodsWe reviewed the hospital records between April 2020 and September 2021 and followed up on the patients for post-COVID complications.FindingsOlder adult patients were predominantly affected during the first and second waves, followed by middle-aged patients. Men were predominantly admitted, considering the three waves; although more women were admitted in the second wave. Cough was more common in the second and third waves than in the first wave 522 (59.7%). Respiratory distress was the most common in the third wave, 251(67.1%), and least common in the first wave 403 (46.1%). Anosmia was more common in the third wave 116 (31.2%). In the third wave, patients presenting in a critical state 23 (6.2%) and severe disease 152 (40.8%) were more common. The hospital admission median (IQR) was longer in the first wave, 12 (8–20), than in other waves. More patients were admitted in the first wave (52%) than in the other waves, and patients received more oxygen in the third wave (75%) than in the other waves. Death occurred more commonly in the first wave (51%) than in the other waves. Patients were investigated more commonly in the first and third waves than in the second wave. The positivity rate was high in the third wave (22.8%) than in other waves. In the third wave, the positivity rate was higher in women (24.3%) than in men. Post-covid cough increased in the second wave and fatigue was higher in the third wave than in other waves. Tiredness and memory loss was greater during the second wave than in other waves.ConclusionThis study revealed that the presenting symptoms, outcomes, and epidemiologic trends differed during the COVID-19 waves.

The author added the ppt in the attachment. Lectures on Application of GIS and Remote Sensing in Research are available on YouTube channel. For Bangladeshi learners: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1qZn0OvlNyUwuRDcgV5IrkSzfRKlhpa7 Lecture topic Introduction of GIS and Theoretical Concept Concept of Geo-processing, Basic Geo-processing tools Basic concept of Python for ArcGIS and Basic ArcPy Script Fundamentals of Remote Sensing and Theoretical Concept Image Processing and How to Create a study area Map Image Processing and How to Create a study area Map Iso Cluster Unsupervised Classification Erosion and Accretion calculation Model builder Network Analysis Hotspot Analysis Climate data download: free data sources and how to download data by Python code Understanding gridded data and spatial figures Spatial data analysis with IDW technique Spatial data analysis using NetCDF data, E-mail: babul.bsmrstu16@gmail.com; Website:https://researchsociety20.org/teacher-trainer/ ; Research gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Md-Miah-87

The present study examines the effects of convective available potential energy (CAPE), temperature and humidity on the spatiotemporal variation of thunderstorm (TS) frequency over Bangladesh using an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) approach. TS and CAPE, temperature, humidity data have been used for 38-year (1980–2017) and collected from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department and ERA-40 reanalysis, respectively. Mann-Kendall nonparametric trend test, Sen’s slope, Pearson’s correlation and EOF modes are applied to understand the variability of TS and the effects of CAPE, temperature and humidity on it. Results show a decrease in TS frequency in Bangladesh at a rate of −0.408/year annually and − 0.384/year during pre-monsoon, when it is most prevalent. The TS frequency spatially varies widely over Bangladesh. The present study shows an increase in TS in the areas where it is less prevalent and a decrease in the areas where it occurs more. CAPE shows a decreasing trend during winter and an increasing trend during post-monsoon and at an annual scale. TS frequency is positively correlated with CAPE and humidity and negatively with temperature. Therefore, the rising temperature may be the cause of decreasing TS frequency in Bangladesh. The findings can be useful for hazard management planning in Bangladesh.

The poorly managed effluents from industrial activities in Bangladesh contaminate groundwater aquifer with subsequent health risks as the most of the Bangladeshi people depend on groundwater for th...

Monoethylene glycol (MEG) is used to produce polyester fibers and polyethylene terephthalate resins. It is also utilized in antifreeze, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics applications. In this research, we consider the development of a novel process plant that produces MEG from ethylene. The proposed ethylene-to-ethylene oxide (EO) plant is integrated with an EO-to-MEG plant to reduce utility costs and recover high-value products. Energy-saving opportunities are analyzed via heat integration tools. Furthermore, a multitube glycol reactor is used in conjunction with a novel MTO catalyst in the ethylene-to-EO reactor. Our results demonstrate that the integrated EO/EG plant produces ethylene glycols with that same purity and product recovery as conventional designs. A comparative economic assessment based on a 200,000 t/y plant indicates that process integration techniques can reduce costs significantly.

Summary The human mitochondrial translational initiation factor 3 (IF3mt) carries mitochondrial-specific amino acid extensions at both its N and C termini (N- and C-terminal extensions [NTE and CTE, respectively]), when compared with its eubacterial counterpart. Here we present 3.3- to 3.5-Å-resolution cryoelectron microscopic structures of the mammalian 28S mitoribosomal subunit in complex with human IF3mt. Unique contacts observed between the 28S subunit and N-terminal domain of IF3mt explain its unusually high affinity for the 28S subunit, whereas the position of the mito-specific NTE suggests NTE's role in binding of initiator tRNA to the 28S subunit. The location of the C-terminal domain (CTD) clarifies its anti-association activity, whereas the orientation of the mito-specific CTE provides a mechanistic explanation for its role in destabilizing initiator tRNA in the absence of mRNA. Furthermore, our structure hints at a possible role of the CTD in recruiting leaderless mRNAs for translation initiation. Our findings highlight unique features of IF3mt in mitochondrial translation initiation., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • High-resolution cryo-EM study of the mammalian 28S mitoribosome-IF3mt complex • Interaction between the 28S and IF3mt's NTD explains NTD's unusual high affinity • Provides insights into role of IF3mt's N-terminal extension in initiator tRNA binding • Provides insights into roles of IF3mt's CTD and C-terminal extension in mRNA sensing, Biological Sciences; Structural Biology; Protein Structure Aspects

The Uttara Export Processing Zone (UEPZ) is being the important industrial belt of the northern region. It is an important issue to find out the environmental impact of UEPZ. Water is the most important source of domestic, irrigation and industrial purpose in both rural and urban regions. The present study was carried out to find out the water and soil quality of UEPZ. Five heavy metals were selected (Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cr) to assess water quality of UEPZ and two indices such as heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and contamination index (Cd) were selected to evaluate the impact on water. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in water samples were within the permissible limits of WHO drinking water quality. HPI of water samples in three sites was 20.57 which was lower than 100 the critical value for drinking water. Both results show the region is moderately or slightly polluted. Pollution risks of heavy metal in the soil were evaluated by method of geological acumination index (Igeo) and Pollution load index (PLI) for seven soil samples. The geological evaluation of the cumulative index results showed that the contamination degree of 4 heavy metals follows the sequence of Mn > Zn > Fe > Cu. Then the results of PLI of seven soil sample are 1.474 > 1.398 > 1.372 > 1.308 > 1.302 > 1.290 > 1.289. Both results show the soil sample area were unpolluted to moderately polluted. Finally, an overall impact of UEPZs environment is also discussed in this paper.

River and canal encroachments have become a common problem in Bangladesh. The prevalence of river and canal encroachments has a direct impact on population growth. However, the impacted population appears to be unaware of its negative consequences. To this end, we aimed to investigate the past and present canal scenarios with a focus on canal encroachment as the influencing factor in Ulipur upazila (highly vulnerable) of northern Bangladesh. To examine the impact of this encroachment, the Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI), Adaptive Capacity Index (ACI) and Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI) were used. Our results showed signs of narrowing of the canal structure of Ulipur upazila in 1982 and 1992, while satellite images from 2002 and 2012 showed the presence of encroachment in the middle and lower parts of the canal. The FVI value for Hatia union was 0.703, indicating that this area was highly vulnerable to flooding. According to the ACI, the Pandul union has a high capacity to cope with flood impact, while the Hatia union has less capacity to cope with flood impact. Conversely, Hatia’s union EVI value was 72.8, denoting a high economic vulnerability. Canal encroachments will have negative consequences for these impacted unions. It is critical to reduce the flooding and economic vulnerabilities associated with canal encroachments. It is found that canal excavation is very important for controlling flood water and reducing the damage caused by flooding.

High iron (Fe)–bearing groundwater in Bangladesh contaminates the groundwater aquifer with subsequent health risk. All the populations of Rangpur City Corporation (RpCC) depend on groundwater for their drinking, domestics, and irrigation purposes. This study investigates the concentration of Fe in groundwater of RpCC with special attention on the associated health risk of the dwellers residing in it. Stratified random sampling was adopted to collect 101 water samples from 33 wards of which each ward has 3 samples from tube well to identify Fe concentration using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The data are analyzed following several statistical technique and compared with Bangladesh and WHO standard values. Maximum mean concentration was found in ward no. 11which is 1.620 mg/L and minimum mean concentration was found in ward no. 6 which is 0.006 mg/L. Single Factor Index (SFI) and Nemerow Index (NI) were applied to analyze the quality of groundwater for the whole data set. Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) were used to assess health risk and it ensures that the females of the study area are more susceptible to iron health risk than the males. However, geostatistical analyses using ArcGIS-10.5 were used to show the spatial distribution and autocorrelation among several variables. Spatial distribution maps show important visualization for understanding Fe concentration zoning, distribution of quality indices, and health risk. The findings of this work will help the city corporation authority, environmental planner, and policymaker to understand the potential health risk due to Fe concentration.

Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) is one of the most important service classes of the emerging 5G and beyond communications systems. This service is used for various applications including medical and healthcare, industrial automation, transportation and robotics where both latency and reliability is of paramount importance. To ensure very low latency, most widely used method is to use short packet size. For ensuring latency and reliability requirement, designing efficient scheduling mechanism is a major challenge. In this work, we propose an efficient packet scheduling algorithm for downlink data transmission. The algorithm provides the highest priority to the packets with largest weighted delay based quantity. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated against some key performance metrics and compared with existing well known scheduling scheme such as proportional fair (PF) and exponential proportional fair (EPF) schemes. The results show the superiority of the proposed packet scheduling algorithm compared to the above mentioned existing schemes.