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Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is the most widespread cancer worldwide. Over 2 million new cases of BC were identified in 2020 alone. Despite previous studies, the lack of specific biomarkers and signaling pathways implicated in BC impedes the development of potential therapeutic strategies. We employed several RNAseq datasets to extract differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on the intersection of all datasets, followed by protein–protein interaction network construction. Using the shared DEGs, we also identified significant gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways to understand the signaling pathways involved in BC development. A molecular docking simulation was performed to explore potential interactions between proteins and drugs. The intersection of the four datasets resulted in 146 DEGs common, including AURKB, PLK1, TTK, UBE2C, CDCA8, KIF15, and CDC45 that are significant hub‐proteins associated with breastcancer development. These genes are crucial in complement activation, mitotic cytokinesis, aging, and cancer development. We identified key microRNAs (i.e., hsa‐miR‐16‐5p, hsa‐miR‐1‐3p, hsa‐miR‐147a, hsa‐miR‐195‐5p, and hsa‐miR‐155‐5p) that are associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor clinical outcomes in BC. Notable transcription factors (TFs) were FOXC1, GATA2, FOXL1, ZNF24 and NR2F6. These biomarkers are involved in regulating cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Finally, molecular docking suggested Hesperidin, 2‐amino‐isoxazolopyridines, and NMS‐P715 as potential lead compounds against BC progression. We believe that these findings will provide important insight into the BC progression as well as potential biomarkers and drug candidates for therapeutic development.

Abstract Tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes exhibit various unique properties depending on their structures, such as their diameter and wall number. The development of techniques to prepare WS2 nanotubes with the desired structure is crucial for understanding their basic properties. Notably, the synthesis and characterization of multi-walled WS2 nanotubes with small diameters are challenging. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of small-diameter WS2 nanotubes with an average inner diameter of 6 nm. The optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the as-prepared nanotubes indicate that a decrease in the nanotube diameter induces a red-shift in the PL, suggesting that the band gap narrowed due to a curvature effect, as suggested by theoretical calculations.

Abstract Digital radiography is one of the most common and cost-effective standards for the diagnosis of bone fractures. For such diagnoses expert intervention is required which is time-consuming and demands rigorous training. With the recent growth of computer vision algorithms, there is a surge of interest in computer-aided diagnosis. The development of algorithms demands large datasets with proper annotations. Existing X-Ray datasets are either small or lack proper annotation, which hinders the development of machine-learning algorithms and evaluation of the relative performance of algorithms for classification, localization, and segmentation. We present FracAtlas, a new dataset of X-Ray scans curated from the images collected from 3 major hospitals in Bangladesh. Our dataset includes 4,083 images that have been manually annotated for bone fracture classification, localization, and segmentation with the help of 2 expert radiologists and an orthopedist using the open-source labeling platform, makesense.ai. There are 717 images with 922 instances of fractures. Each of the fracture instances has its own mask and bounding box, whereas the scans also have global labels for classification tasks. We believe the dataset will be a valuable resource for researchers interested in developing and evaluating machine learning algorithms for bone fracture diagnosis.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths among men, and its incidence increases with age. Despite the availability of treatments, the high costs and complications associated with current cancer therapies pose challenges. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore globally accessible and effective alternative medications to support prostate cancer treatment. Bioinformatics and system biology approaches were utilized to investigate repurposed medicines for prostate cancer treatment guided by host genomic biomarkers. The investigation identified 120 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 24 hub genes (HubGs) as potential therapeutic targets by analyzing gene expression patterns and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The top 10 hub genes CDK1, CCNA2, RRM2, ASPM, MELK, HJURP, DLGAP5, NCAPG, TTK, and HMMR are associated with the development and progression of prostate cancer. The DEGs enrichment analysis revealed significant axon guidance, cell-cell adhesion, extracellular space, and calcium signaling pathways associated with prostate cancer. Gene regulatory network analysis revealed transcription factors (FOXC1, GATA2 and E2F1 etc.) and micro-RNAs (hsa-mir-16–5p, hsa-mir-24–3p and hsa-mir-34a-5p etc.) as regulators of hub genes. The potential drug candidates, includingindirubin-3′-Monoxime (−7.7 kcal/mol), benzene sulfonamide (−8.8 kcal/mol), and cladribine (−6.6 kcal/mol) have been identified as the top 3 candidate drugs against CDK1, CCNA2 and RRM2, respectively. Besides, these drugs exhibit strong binding affinity with the target proteins and suggest their potential for repurposing in the treatment of prostate cancer. Collectively, the findings present valuable insights for advancing prostate cancer research, potentially leading to a deeper understanding and novel treatment strategies for relevant diseases.

Taking into account the energy crisis and concerns about the effect of burning fossil fuels on the environment, the utilization of renewable energy technologies is being promoted extensively. Despite having significant potential, the feasibility of utilizing solar thermal energy as industrial process heat in Bangladesh is yet to be assessed and this paper aims to fill this research gap. In current work, the viability of utilizing solar thermal energy in Bangladesh for industrial process heating is investigated by parametric analysis considering thermal, economic, and environmental factors. Effect of mass flow rate and inlet temperature on overall heat loss coefficient is studied. The heat gain with respect to the available area for different mass flow rates is presented which can be used as a guideline to determine the capacity of an installed system. A case study is presented for an operational textile factory in Mymensingh to realize the potential of solar industrial process heat using flat plate solar collectors. Energy savings might reach up to 14.7% in summer and around 9% in winter which also leads to reduction of CO2 emission to the same percentage. The payback period has been found to be 13.58 years.

The impact of wavelength and pulse duration in laser cleaning of hard blackish contaminants crust from archaeologically significant Pleistocene bone is investigated in this research. The objective is to determine the practical cleaning procedures and identify adequate laser parameters for cleaning archaeological bone from Sima de los Huesos (Spain) based on conservation and restoration perspectives. Bone surface cleaning was performed utilizing two Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers: sub-nanosecond pulsed lasers with emission wavelengths at 355 nm and 1064 nm, respectively, and a Yb:KGW femtosecond pulsed laser with an emission wavelength in the third harmonic at 343 nm. In all experiments, the laser beam scanning mode was applied to measure cleaning efficiency in removing contaminants and degradation products while assessing the underlying substrate surface damage. Several properties, including wavelength-dependent absorption, pulse repetition rate, and thermal properties of the material, are analyzed when evaluating the ability of these lasers to boost the cleaning efficiency of the deteriorated bone surface. Bone surface morphology and composition were studied and compared before and after laser irradiation, using Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) characterization methods. The results indicate that 238-femtosecond UV laser irradiation with 2.37 TWcm−2 is significantly safer and more efficient toward surface contaminant desorption than sub-nanosecond laser irradiation. The results herein presented suggest that these types of fs lasers may be considered for realistic laser conservation of valuable historic and archaeological museum artifacts.

Climate change is expected to raise river discharge and sea level in the future, and these near-term changes could alter the river flow regime and sedimentation pattern of future floods. Present hazard assessment studies have limitations in considering such morpho-dynamic responses in evaluating flood hazards or risks. Here, we present a multi-model-based approach to quantify such potential hazard parameters influenced by climate change for the most vulnerable communities living on river bars and islands of the Brahmaputra–Jamuna River. River flood-flow and flood wave propagation characteristics are predicted to be affected by changing temporal distribution patterns of precipitation as a result of enhanced global warming. Increased incidences of large multi-peak floods or uncommon floods resulting in long-duration floods driven by sea-level rise may happen as a result of this. To assess it, we have set up a hydromorphic model, Delft3D, for the Brahmaputra–Jamuna River forced by upstream flow, generated from a hydrological model SWAT, over the Brahmaputra basin. The simulations cover moderate, wettest, and driest conditions of the RCP8.5 scenario, and the results reflect the flooding consequences of the near-future, mid-century, and end-century. Floods in the Brahmaputra–Jamuna River are becoming more severe, frequent, and long-lasting, as a result of climate change, and are expected to last until the end of November rather than the current September timeline. While assessing the hazard, we found that the pattern and timing of the flood are as equally important as the peak of the flood, as the river continuously adjusts its cross-sectional area with the flow. The study also demonstrates that, depending on their location/position, climate-induced hazards can affect sand bars/islands disproportionally. The high flood depth, duration, and sedimentation have a significant impact on the sand bars downstream of the river, making them more vulnerable.

Background and Aim: Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious, infectious disease of wild and domestic ruminant animals caused by the BT virus (BTV). Bangladesh having a border with a BTV-endemic country, India and a substantial number of susceptible animals. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate BTV seroprevalence and potential risk factors. Materials and Methods: We collected 150 serum samples from indigenous sheep from Chattogram, Bangladesh. We screened the serum samples using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting BTV-specific immunoglobulin. Results: We detected antibodies against BTV in 39.3% (59/150; 95% confidence interval: 31.5–47.6) of all sampled sheep. Factors like sampling site, sheep rearing location, rearing sheep with other farm species, and body condition score had a significant (p < 0.05) influence on the seroprevalence of BTV. Conclusion: The findings show that indigenous sheep have a higher BTV seroprevalence, necessitating sustained surveillance for early diagnosis and a better understanding of virus epidemiology in Bangladesh.

Age estimation from facial images has gained significant attention due to its practical applications such as public security. However, one of the major challenges faced in this field is the limited availability of comprehensive training data. Moreover, due to the gradual nature of aging, similar-aged faces tend to share similarities despite their race, gender, or location. Recent studies on age estimation utilize convolutional neural networks (CNN), treating every facial region equally and disregarding potentially informative patches that contain age-specific details. Therefore, an attention module can be used to focus extra attention on important patches in the image. In this study, tests are conducted on different attention modules, namely CBAM, SENet, and Self-attention, implemented with a convolutional neural network. The focus is on developing a lightweight model that requires a low number of parameters. A merged dataset and other cutting-edge datasets are used to test the proposed model’s performance. In addition, transfer learning is used alongside the scratch CNN model to achieve optimal performance more efficiently. Experimental results on different aging face databases show the remarkable advantages of the proposed attention-based CNN model over the conventional CNN model by attaining the lowest mean absolute error and the lowest number of parameters with a better cumulative score.

Abstract Controlled laser irradiation parameters using recently developed sub-nanosecond pulsed laser technology with emission wavelength in the near Infrared regime (1064 nm) have been assessed on a Pleistocene bone from the archaeological site of Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. Burst pulse mode was employed to explore contaminant removal efficiency, while at the same time, assessing the degree of damage produced to the underlying original substrate surface. The surface morphology and composition of the deteriorated bone have been characterized, along with the effects of laser irradiation at 1064 nm, using Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy–with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM–EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The most effective laser cleaning parameters in burst mode have been identified in order to optimize the emission parameters of the laser, thus localizing its interaction within the outermost layers of contaminants and degradation products, avoiding damage to the underlying original bone surface. Hence, threshold cleaning and substrate damage values have been determined for this new sub-ns laser, paving the way to safer laser cleaning procedures that may be useful for the effective conservation of bone archaeological artifacts.

Our study aimed to examine the practices and knowledge of food handling and safety among 1534 university students in Bangladesh (mean age 22.09 ± 1.78), as well as the relationship between these factors and their academic and demographic backgrounds. Participants in this study were undergraduate and graduate students from four public universities in Bangladesh from different religions, income levels, years and majors of study, residential areas, living alone or not, and whose mothers are working or non-working. The questionnaire included 14 questions on food handling practices and 16 on knowledge. Questions were related to food preparation, hygiene, cross-contamination, and storage. The overall mean score for food handling practices was 34.9% (SD = 13.7), while that of knowledge was 41.8% (SD = 16.5). Female students, those from food-related majors, and those engaged in cooking activities scored significantly higher in the knowledge and practice sections (p < 0.05). Students who lived with their families performed significantly better on the knowledge parts, while those who shared a home with roommates in mess performed significantly better on the practice part (p < 0.05). Students having housewife mothers, personal poisoning experience, and continuous involvement in food purchasing scored significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the practices section but not in the knowledge one. On the other hand, students living in urban areas scored significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the knowledge section but not in the practices one. Our results highlight the importance of educational interventions and initiatives to enhance food safety awareness among Bangladeshi university students.

The wetting physics and wetting transition on micro-wavy and micro V-grooved surfaces of similar topographic scales are investigated and compared with an emphasis on the droplet stability and anisotropic wetting that promotes liquid drainage. To develop 3D models of liquid droplets and to assess the morphology and spreading of liquid droplets across a wide range of parametric space, Surface Evolver (SE) has been used. The effect of roughness parameters of micro V-grooved surfaces such as groove height, groove width, pillar width, and groove angle on the wetting behavior is analyzed and compared to the same for the corresponding dimensional variation of pitch, amplitude, and depth of the asperities of micro-wavy surfaces. For all the comparable configurations, surfaces with micro-wavy textures exhibit higher wettability and smaller stable droplets than micro V-grooved surfaces. In addition, after specific threshold values of the aforementioned topographic parameters, the Cassie-Wenzel wetting transition is observed. Although wettability on micro-scale wavy and V-grooved surfaces have been widely examined because of their obvious importance, comparison of wetting physics and droplet energetics on them for similar roughness scale has not been conducted before. Therefore, the developed model may be useful in designing micro-structured V-grooved and wavy surfaces with tunable directional wetting properties.

This study aims to examine the causes of boiler accidents in the context of the ready-made garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh as an emerging economy. On the basis of a comprehensive review of the existing literature, previous accident reports, and technical discussion with relevant personnel in the industries and regulating authorities, a total of 14 causes of boiler accidents were identified. This study merged neutrosophic (N) theory with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for prioritizing the causes of boiler accidents. Finally, to examine the reliability of the results, a robustness analysis was performed. The findings reveal that the lack of standard legislation, non-standard boiler operation, use of expired, non-registered, and non-certified boilers, faulty design of boilers, and the shortage of skilled boiler operators are the top five notable causes of boiler accidents in the RMG industry. The findings provide valuable insights for industrial managers and policymakers to formulate strategies to reduce boiler accidents.

Male infertility is significantly influenced by the plasma-protein sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Male infertility, erectile dysfunction, prostate cancer, and several other male reproductive system diseases are all caused by reduced testosterone bioavailability due to its binding to SHBG. In this study, we have identified 345 phytochemicals from 200 literature reviews that potentially inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Only a few studies have been done using the SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors to identify the SHBG inhibitor, which is thought to be the main protein responsible for male infertility. In virtual-screening and molecular-docking experiments, cryptomisrine, dorsilurin E, and isoiguesterin were identified as potential SHBG inhibitors with binding affinities of −9.2, −9.0, and −8.8 kcal/mol, respectively. They were also found to have higher binding affinities than the control drug anastrozole (−7.0 kcal/mol). In addition to favorable pharmacological properties, these top three phytochemicals showed no adverse effects in pharmacokinetic evaluations. Several molecular dynamics simulation profiles’ root-mean-square deviation, radius of gyration, root-mean-square fluctuation, hydrogen bonds, and solvent-accessible surface area supported the top three protein–ligand complexes’ better firmness and stability than the control drug throughout the 100 ns simulation period. These combinatorial drug-design approaches indicate that these three phytochemicals could be developed as potential drugs to treat male infertility.

Piper sylvaticum Roxb. is traditionally used by the indigenous people of tropical and subtropical countries like Bangladesh, India, and China for relieving the common cold or a variety of chronic diseases, such as asthma, chronic coughing, piles, rheumatic pain, headaches, wounds, tuberculosis, indigestion, and dyspepsia. This study tested anxiolytic and antioxidant activities by in vivo, in vitro, and in silico experiments for the metabolites extracted (methanol) from the leaves and stems of P. sylvaticum (MEPSL and MEPSS). During the anxiolytic evaluation analyzed by elevated plus maze and hole board tests, MEPSL and MEPSS (200 and 400 mg/kg, body weight) exhibited a significant and dose-dependent reduction of anxiety-like behavior in mice. Similarly, mice treated with MEPSL and MEPSS demonstrated dose-dependent increases in locomotion and CNS simulative effects in open field test. In addition, both extracts (MEPSL and MEPSS) also showed moderate antioxidant activities in DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing power assays compared to the standard, ascorbic acid. In parallel, previously isolated bioactive compounds from this plant were documented and subjected to a molecular docking study to correlate them with the pharmacological outcomes. The selected four major phytocompounds displayed favorable binding affinities to potassium channel and xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme targets in molecular docking experiments. Overall, P. sylvaticum is bioactive, as is evident through experimental and computational analysis. Further experiments are necessary to evaluate purified novel compounds for the clinical evaluation.

The Buriganga river system is located in the southern part of the north central region of Bangladesh, passing through west and south of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The river receives wastewater from numerous numbers of sources along its way, which are discharged as industrial effluents, municipal sewage, household wastes, clinical wastes and oils. The purpose of this study is to investigate into the impact of this wastewater on the river water and thus to provide an updated report on the state of water quality of the river Buriganga. The water samples were collected in year 2008-09 during both dry and wet seasons from different points along the river and analysed for various physiochemical quality parameters, which includes: temperature, pH, EC, DO, BOD , COD, PO -P, NH -N, Pb and Cr. The mean values for the parameters in both dry and wet 5 4 3 seasons were compared with the surface water quality standards as set by the Department of Environment (DOE) in Bangladesh. The water quality test results have also been summarised and presented through box and whisker plots.

Controlling nanoscale tip‐induced material removal is crucial for achieving atomic‐level precision in tomographic sensing with atomic force microscopy (AFM). While advances have enabled volumetric probing of conductive features with nanometer accuracy in solid‐state devices, materials, and photovoltaics, limitations in spatial resolution and volumetric sensitivity persist. This work identifies and addresses in‐plane and vertical tip‐sample junction leakage as sources of parasitic contrast in tomographic AFM, hindering real‐space 3D reconstructions. Novel strategies are proposed to overcome these limitations. First, the contrast mechanisms analyzing nanosized conductive features are explored when confining current collection purely to in‐plane transport, thus allowing reconstruction with a reduction in the overestimation of the lateral dimensions. Furthermore, an adaptive tip‐sample biasing scheme is demonstrated for the mitigation of a class of artefacts induced by the high electric field inside the thin oxide when volumetrically reduced. This significantly enhances vertical sensitivity by approaching the intrinsic limits set by quantum tunneling processes, allowing detailed depth analysis in thin dielectrics. The effectiveness of these methods is showcased in tomographic reconstructions of conductive filaments in valence change memory, highlighting the potential for application in nanoelectronics devices and bulk materials and unlocking new limits for tomographic AFM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]