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There are persistent rumors about counterfeit money all across the world. There is a massive loop of producing counterfeit currency that is developing alongside technology. Counterfeit currency production has gotten easier and more advanced day by day, so the detection process has gotten more challenging. Utilizing a variety of user-friendly counterfeit detection tools or software is the only method to stop fraud. Many people still do not have access to these softwares or tools for detecting fakes. Therefore, some of these programs or tools are not accurate, dependable, and free. This paper describes a potential software solution for detecting fake Bangladeshi banknotes. The most important thing is that it is totally free of cost and usable by all average people. The primary purpose of this software is to identify different currencies and determine whether it is real or fake. In this paper, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and FLANN-based Matcher with the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithms have been implemented in the deep learning process to recognize the currency and determine whether it is genuine or counterfeit, to make the entire process functional. 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 1000, and 5000 notes from Bangladesh have been used in this research. One of the most suitable methods to detect fake currency is color-changeable holographic thread, The Portrait of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and “Bangladesh Bank (in Bengali)” written on the level of intaglio ink, printed hidden below the middle of the note, “Amount in Bengali” at the right bottom of the note, Some parallel lines or objects of intaglio ink, and color changeable ink OVI and SPARK. Additionally, this procedure makes it possible to quickly identify fake money. To make the system quick and easy for everyone, the entire system has been developed into a mobile based and as well as a web-based application.

Background: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common problem in children. Mostly it is functional, but due to recent advanced diagnostic technologies more organic causes are identifying. Among the organic causes Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is common, especially in developing countries. Early detection and treatment of this infection may prevent some serious gastrointestinal problems in later age. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of H. pylori infection as a cause of recurrent abdominal pain in children. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among the children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in the pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition Department of Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute in Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2020. A total of 70 patients were included in the study. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters were recorded in a standard data sheet. All the participants underwent to upper GI endoscopy and gastric biopsy were taken in all the patients. Rapid urease test and histopathology of gastric biopsy samples were done to confirm H. pylori infection. Collected data were checked manually and analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. Association of parameters with infection were done by unpaired t-test, chi-square test and fisher’s exact test. Results: Helicobacter pylori infection in children with RAP was 35.7%. Mean age of the infected children was 9.49±2.47 years with male (52%) predominance. There was significant association of infection with lower socioeconomic class (p=0.003). Patients with RAP for>6 months’ duration were significantly associated with infection (p=0.003). Family size and source of drinking water had no effect on results. Most of the RAP patients with positive infection had poor growth (p=0.003). Pallor, abdominal tenderness or vomiting were not significantly associated clinical manifestations of H. pylori infection. Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori infection is ....

Background: Malnutrition accounts for about 35% of under-five mortality, of which 4.4% is specifically because of severe wasting. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in malnourished children ranges from 31% to 61%. Addition of high dose vitamin D supplementation in children with severe acute malnutrition would be effective in elevating serum vitamin D concentration and thus improve weight gain. The association of vitamin D and malnutrition is well recognized but data are scarce. Objectives: To see the effect of vitamin D in the treatment of severe acute malnourished children. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial study was conducted among children 6 months to 5 years old with a diagnosis of SAM in the pediatric ward of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital in Bangladesh from July 2018 to January 2020.Sample was collected through simple random sampling then randomized into two groups by lottery method. Finally, 50 patients were included in the study, among them 25 patients received 6 lac IU vitamin D orally in day 1 in addition to the standard treatment of SAM and the other 25 patients received only the standard treatment of SAM. Demographic data and other related information regarding clinical feature, laboratory feature, outcome variables were recorded and anthropometric measurement and Z-scoring was done to assess malnutrition. Collected data was checked manually and analyzed by computer-based program SPSS for Windows (version 20.0). Outcomes were: Length of hospital stay and average weight gain between the two groups. Comparison of parameters among the group were done by unpaired t-test and chi-square test. Results: There were no statistically significant difference in length of hospital stay (16.24 ±3.29 versus 15.34±2.64) days, p=0.291 but there was statistically significant difference in average weight gain (9.08±2.99 versus 7.52±2.06) gm/kg/day, p=0.037 and wasting (weight for height z score) improved significantly on follow ups (p=0.241 on first, p=0.039 on 2nd, p=0.009 on 3rd and p=

Background: Thalassemia patients who are conventionally treated by regular transfusion regimen are at a risk of acquiring transfusion transmitted infections, including hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Getting blood transfusion in different places makes them vulnerable to these blood borne infections. It is important to assess and update the prevalence of these infections along with their contributing factors for ensuring optimum preventive measures and further strengthening of the screening program. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in repeatedly transfused thalassemia patients and to determine the risk factors for acquiring these infections. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital& Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period July 2018 to December 2019. Total 73 thalassemia patients of 2 to 18 years were enrolled into the study following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic data and other related information were recorded in a standard data sheet. Hb%, SGPT, HBsAg, Anti-HBs titre, Anti-HCV were done in all patients. Collected data was checked and analyzed by computer based program SPSS version 26.0 for Windows. Results: Out of total 73 thalassemia patients, 44 were male and 29 were female. Mean age was 8.3±3.45 years where maximum number of patients belonged to 6-10 years. 2(2.7%) patients had positive HBsAg and 11(15.1%) had positive Anti-HCV antibody at the end of study. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection was associated with lack of immunization against it which was statistically significant (P

not available DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(2): 140-142

The objective of the present work is to find out the optimal mass flux of two common refrigerants, R32 and R410A, undergoing boiling in an evaporator tube based on the entropy generation minimization approach. An entropy generation model is developed for two-phase boiling flow based on the drift flux approach. The distinct terms for entropy generation due to heat transfer and pressure drop are developed. The optimal solutions of the present model under a practical range of parametric conditions are compared with that obtained from the existing homogeneous and separated flow-based model. Analysis reveals that increasing the evaporator diameter and heat flux increases the optimal mass flux at minimum entropy generation for both refrigerants. On the other hand, increasing the evaporator length decreases the optimal mass flux. It is observed that the optimal mass flux data for all parametric conditions deviate within 10–15% on the positive and negative sides for drift flux and homogeneous models, respectively, compared to separate flow model. The present analysis also reveals that the overall deviation of data of the drift flux model and homogeneous flow model indicates a standard deviation of 1.95–1.98%, respectively.

Academic and business interest in sustainability and green practice has grown up considerably in recent years. Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation are the two most researched issues in the SME sector. Instead, the business has proven a direct and indirect effect on our mother nature, which is not in favour of the environment. Even the SME sector and environmental issues are very closely related to upcoming challenges and opportunities for Bangladesh. So depending on previous studies, this paper presented a way of the better environmental performance of the SME sector that is positively influenced by green entrepreneurial orientation. Side of that, this paper also focused on the mediating effect of green market orientation. The main purpose of this paper can divide into two categories. One is a details literature view on the topics, and another is a conceptual framework for this research field. This study provides insights and suggestions from previous researches for government and a related organization, including business firms of the SME sector. The study also covers the significant outlines and reviews in this field. Further, it explores specific features of green practices in SME as well as limitations of present research; but it helps to stimulate further study.