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Introduction: Diaphragmatic injuries include wounds and diaphragmatic ruptures due to thoracoabdominal blunt or penetrating trauma. Their incidence ranges between 8 and 15%. The diagnosis is often delayed despite several medical imaging techniques. The mortality is mainly related associate Injury. Aims: The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognosis, after surgery of our patient with diaphragmatic injury. Patients and methods: We performed a prospective study over a period of two years, between January 2018 December 2019, at the department of thoracic surgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. All patients diagnosed with diaphragmatic injury were included in this study. Each patient operated because traumatic diaphragmatic injury was evaluated in respect of age, sex, nature of injury, preoperative examination findings, laboratory test results, imaging methods, time of diagnosis, operation findings, concomitant injures to other organs, operations performed, length of stay in hospital and development of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Results: Over the study period, 22 cases of diaphragmatic injuries were included. The female was 4 and 18 was male. The mean age of male patients 29.2±12.1 and female 28±11.6 years. RTA with blunt trauma chest was 12, 6 was fall from height and 5 were stab injuries. The most common injuries concomitant to traumatic diaphragmatic rupture were a haemothorax, rib fracture, stomach, colon, liver and spleen. Three patients developed wound infection and two patients died. Conclusion: In high energy blunt and penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma, diaphragmatic injures should be suspected. An emergency thoracotomy or laparotomy followed by reposition of abdominal organ and repair of the defect of the diaphragm is the gold standard for the management of these cases. J Dhaka Med Coll. 2021; 30(2) : 131-135

This paper presents a five-level inverter based on the phase-disposition pulse width modulation (PD-PWM) technique for renewable energy applications. The conventional cascaded H-bridge (CHB) five-level inverter structure is reproduced, and an LC filter is designed to get optimum results from the inverter output. Two batteries are used as renewable energy sources to investigate the performance of the designed inverter. The system can provide 220 volts and 50 Hz AC supply with a 6.9 kW power supply to the load/grid. The designed output is compared with filter and without filter circuit. It provides sinusoidal voltage and current output with a very low total harmonic distortion (THD) of 2.75% which is compliant with IEEE 519 standards. MATLAB/Simulink software tool is used for the entire design. The inverter’s output is graphically represented, and discussed various parameters like switching frequency, THD, modulation index, and rated voltage.

Background: Percutaneous Tube Thoracostomy (PTT) is an invasive procedure that can save life now and then in different traumatic and non-traumatic conditions. But still it is an enigma; how our trainee surgeons are at home in this procedure. Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of the percutaneous tube thoracostomy performed by trainee in both trauma and non-trauma patients. Study design: Prospective, Observational study. Duration of study was September, 2019 to February, 2019. Methods: All patients who need PTT in traumatic and non-traumatic conditions were selected by purposive sampling. Thereafter, they were scrutinized according to eligibility criteria and 96 patients were finalized. A pre-tested, observation based, peer-reviewed data collection sheet was prepared before study. Data regarding clinical and surgical outcome profile were recorded. Data were compiled, edited, analyzed. Results: Among 96 patients, the highest 32.29% belonged to age group 31-40 years and lowest 9.37% belonged to age group ≤20. The mean age of the respondents was 29.19±9.81. We found out of 96 patients, 70(72.91%) were indicated PTT for traumatic conditions and rest 26(27.08%) were indicated PTT for non-traumatic chest condition where 36(37.5%) had simple penumothorax, 21(21.87%) haemothorax, 14(14.58%) massive pleural effusion, 13(13.54%) tension pneumothorax, 10(10.41%) haemopneumothorax, and 2(2.08%) had pyothorax respectively. In 53.12% patients had right sided intercostal chest tube (ICT) insertion whereas 46.87% had left sided ICT insertion. In our study, 89.55 % tube was placed at normal anatomical position. Besides, 10.41% tube thoracostomy were performed deviated from anatomical site. Among 96 patients 62.5% patients had length of incision 2-3cm, 35.41% had >3cm and 2.08% had

The integration of highly luminescent CsPbBr

In recent times, there has been a increasing trend towards attention for the production of electricity from alternate/innovative sources of renewable energy due to the everincreasing need for sustainable yet environment-friendly and lowcost production approaches (i.e., solar, wind, wave, hydro-power etc.). Pathar Kuchi Leaf (PKL) is one such promising source of electricity generation where electro-chemical conversion of energy provide the means to work as an alternate source of cell/battery. Especially in the context of a developing country like Bangladesh, this new form of biomass energy (PKL) possesses a great potential to fulfill the energy demand of rural people, who live under the poverty line. However, the key performance criteria for PKL cell is the assurance of efficient generation of electricity, since it plays a key role in supplying cleaner and proficient electric power to the consumers. Therefore, this paper proposes an experimental study of cell efficiency of PKL (Pathor Kuchi Leaf), on top of the previous analysis provided on this topic in the literature. To be precise, a thorough analysis has been performed in this paper to assess the performance of PKL cell in terms of voltaic efficiency, coulombic efficiency, and energy efficiency. The results from experimental data suggests a nearperfect energy efficiency of PKL cell for our proposed test-bed. With respect to the scope of the work, the overall aim has been to introduce/establish this emerging form of biomass energy to the modern world and discuss it’s important characteristics.

Since the first report of the green emission of 2D all-inorganic CsPb2 Br5 , its bandgap and photoluminescence (PL) origin have generated intense debate and remained controversial. After the discovery that PL centers occupy only specific morphological structures in CsPb2 Br5 , a two-step highly sensitive and noninvasive optical technique is employed to resolve the controversy. Same-spot Raman-PL as a static property-structure probe reveals that CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are contributing to the green emission of CsPb2 Br5 ; pressure-dependent Raman-PL with a diamond anvil cell as a dynamic probe further rules out point defects such as Br vacancies as an alternative mechanism. Optical absorption under hydrostatic pressure shows that the bandgap of CsPb2 Br5 is 0.3-0.4 eV higher than previously reported values and remains nearly constant with pressure up to 2 GPa in good agreement with full-fledged density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Using ion exchange of Br with Cl and I, it is further proved that CsPbBr3- x Xx (X = Cl or I) is responsible for the strong visible PL in CsPb2 Br5- x Xx . This experimental approach is applicable to all PL-active materials to distinguish intrinsic defects from extrinsic nanocrystals, and the findings pave the way for new design and development of highly efficient optoelectronic devices based on all-inorganic lead halides.

This paper presents an experimental study on Electrode Power Density (EPD), Electrode Energy Density (EED), Specific Power Density (SPD) and Specific Energy Density (SED) of 1:1 Zn/Cu Electrodes of Pathor Kuchi Leaf (PKL), Aloe Vera Leaf (AVL), Tomato and Lemon juice based Electrochemical Cells. As a basic human needs now-a-days, Electricity plays a vital role for social as well as economic development and like all other third world countries rural people of Bangladesh doesn't have proper access to it. Generally rural people need electricity to light LED bulb, operate a radio or to charge a cell phone and these types of mundane work can be done using the ongoing relative study on PKL, AVL, Tomato and Lemon juice based Electrochemical Cells which uses biomass resources. The key aim of this paper is to find out which fruit or leaf juice based electrochemical cell produce enough amount of energy in terms of electricity to overcome the energy calamity of rural people of Bangladesh and to discuss important parameters of 1:1 Zn/Cu Electrodes of PKL, AVL, Tomato and Lemon juice based Electrochemical cells.

A variety of catalysts have recently been developed for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution, but very few of them can be readily integrated with semiconducting light absorbers for photoelectrochemical or photocatalytic water splitting. Here, we demonstrate an efficient core/shell photoanode with a highly active oxygen evolution electrocatalyst shell (FeMnP) and semiconductor core (rutile TiO

A good number of people are living at rural side in Bangladesh. They have right to get proper electricity, like any other basic human needs. Bangladesh despite having the enormous energy resources but it's facing acute shortage of Electricity. Scientists and engineers are thinking over day and night about this issue; try to provide possible solution to overcome this issue. In this paper some important parameters e.g., Voltage regulation, Energy efficiency etc. of PKL cell are analysed in experimentally and compare with traditional battery/cell. Investigation is shown the impact of PKL Electricity cell's parameters; PKL Electricity cell is a new as well as promising Biomass energy source for rural electrification. The aims of this paper are to introduce a new form of Biomass energy, explore some important parameters of PKL Electricity cell which are played a vital role for generating Electricity.

In this research work we have investigated the pathways of nuclear radiation transferring to human via environment to establish a computational model to estimate its contaminant amount calculating the effective doses on environment as well as on human. For this, first we have independently considered three pathways of exposure- Airborne releases of radioactive air, Aqueous releases of radioactive water into watercourses and Aqueous releases of radioactive water into sewage. Finally, integrated them to estimate the overall hazard on environment. We have find out 14 ways to affect human. The governing equations are distribution functions. Classical Semi-infinite Cloud Model has used to solve the functions of external dose from radioactive plume. Monte-Carlo Method has applied only to solve the function of Gamma dose kernel integral over the plume. Here, we gave priority to make the air dispersion factor correct. The sample results has simulated for 1 year time span for both short term release and long term release of a normal operational Accelerator Facilities. Numbers of trials have been run to assume the approximate value to estimate the accurate results.

Modern civilization uses huge amount of electrical power. Most of this power is generated by using fossil fuel which is non-renewable and we can not produce it according to our desire .If this condition continue human civility will face great difficulties. In this case energy solution for the future will increasingly depend upon the uses of renewable energy. Keeping this concept in mind, an Innovative work has been designed and developed at the Physics Department of Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electrochemistry and electrical Performances have been studied. The concentration of the reactant and product ions are [Cu2+] and [Zn2+]respectively measured by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The variation of [Cu2+ ] and [Zn2+] with the variation of time, temperature of the electrolyte, concentration of the juice ,distance between two plates, absorption and adsorption of the [Cu2+ ] and [Zn2+] by the electrodes, thickness of the electrodes have been studied. Voltage regulation, Internal resistance, Energy efficiency, Current efficiency ,Voltage efficiency, Charging efficiency, Discharging efficiency , Open circuit Voltage, Short circuit Current of the BPL cell have been studied. It has been also studied the Voltage regulation, Internal resistance, Energy efficiency, Current efficiency ,Voltage efficiency, Charging efficiency, Discharging efficiency , Open circuit Voltage, Short circuit Current of the BPL cell with the variation of time. The name and presentation of the BPL cell has been developed . It has been introduced the name of the BPL cell as quasi Galvanic/Voltaic cell. Most of the results have been tabulated and graphically discussed.