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The further education (FE) sector employs a high proportion of women yet relatively few women progress into leadership positions. The article seeks to provide explanations for this gender imbalance and argues that despite change and modernization initiatives, the further education sector remains gendered in many aspects of leadership, governance and managerial practices. The article concludes that while change has increased opportunities for women, masculinized managerial practices have led in many instances to the re-gendering of organizational practices with unequal gender impacts. (Contains 5 tables.)

Examines management in further education in Scotland a decade after passage of legislation removing colleges from local council control. Demonstrates that the notion of business managerial dominance in college practice requires qualification. Furthermore, while there is a degree of central control exerted through the funding process, there is no comprehensive central direction of further education strategy and policy. (Contains 44 references.) (Author/PKP)

Explores four models of management strategy operating in seven Scottish further-education colleges: strategic control from the center, strategic "fit" emphasizing management of resources in an externally competitive environment, strategic "stretch" addressing organizational infrastructure and internal capabilities, and group-based and network-based managerial activities. Identifies implications for institutional autonomy, competition, collaboration, and change. Contains 37 references. (Author/SAS)

The complexities of governing in the multi-level government environment can be illustrated in the variety of arrangements for government within the nation state. These are often grounded in multi-level systems within the state, yet may be part of a process of ‘denationalization’ of politics. This paper outlines the impact of the denationalization of politics, specifically in the case of Europe, in the context of the supra-national EU dimension beyond the level of the state. It goes on to explore a number of multi-level systems (the UK, Belgium, Canada and to a lesser extent Spain) commenting on the stability and sustainability of current arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, the author reflects on complex government structure of Scotland. He discusses the statehood of the Scotland with Great Britain. He mentions that Scotland has relatively strong legislative arrangements in a devolved parliament than Great Britain. He further discusses residual consequence of devolution of the state to other nations of Great Britain.