Search

Your search keyword '"McShea W. J."' showing total 35 results
Start Over Author "McShea W. J."
35 results on '"McShea W. J."'

9. <scp>SNAPSHOT USA</scp> 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 pandemic

Author

Kays R., Cove M. V., Diaz J., Todd K., Bresnan C., Snider M., Lee T. E., Jasper J. G., Douglas B., Crupi A. P., Weiss K. C. B., Rowe H., Sprague T., Schipper J., Lepczyk C. A., Fantle-Lepczyk J. E., Davenport J., Zimova M., Farris Z., Williamson J., Fisher-Reid M. C., Rezendes D., King S. M., Chrysafis P., Jensen A. J., Jachowski D. S., King K. C., Herrera D. J., Moore S., van der Merwe M., Lombardi J. V., Sergeyev M., Tewes M. E., Horan R. V., Rentz M. S., Driver A., Brandt L. R. S. E., Nagy C., Alexander P., Maher S. P., Darracq A. K., Barr E. G., Hess G., Webb S. L., Proctor M. D., Vanek J. P., Lafferty D. J. R., Hubbard T., Jimenez J. E., McCain C., Favreau J., Fogarty J., Hill J., Hammerich S., Gray M., Rega-Brodsky C. C., Durbin C., Flaherty E. A., Brooke J., Coster S. S., Lathrop R. G., Russell K., Bogan D. A., Shamon H., Rooney B., Rockhill A., Lonsinger R. C., O'Mara M. T., Compton J. A., Barthelmess E. L., Andy K. E., Belant J. L., Petroelje T., Wehr N. H., Beyer D. E., Scognamillo D. G., Schalk C., Day K., Ellison C. N., Ruthven C., Nunley B., Fritts S., Whittier C. A., Neiswenter S. A., Pelletier R., DeGregorio B. A., Kuprewicz E. K., Davis M. L., Baruzzi C., Lashley M. A., McDonald B., Mason D., Risch D. R., Allen M. L., Whipple L. S., Sperry J. H., Alexander E., Wolff P. J., Hagen R. H., Mortelliti A., Bolinjcar A., Wilson A. M., Van Norman S., Powell C., Coletto H., Schauss M., Bontrager H., Beasley J., Ellis-Felege S. N., Wehr S. R., Giery S. T., Pekins C. E., LaRose S. H., Revord R. S., Hansen C. P., Hansen L., Millspaugh J. J., Zorn A., Gerber B. D., Rezendes K., Adley J., Sevin J., Green A. M., Sekercioglu C. H., Pendergast M. E., Mullen K., Bird T., Edelman A. J., Romero A., O'Neill B. J., Schmitz N., Vandermus R. A., Alston J. M., Kuhn K. M., Hasstedt S. C., Lesmeister D. B., Appel C. L., Rota C., Stenglein J. L., Anhalt-Depies C., Nelson C. L., Long R. A., Remine K. R., Jordan M. J., Elbroch L. M., Bergman D., Cendejas-Zarelli S., Sager-Fradkin K., Conner M., Morris G., Parsons E., Hernandez-Yanez H., McShea W. J., Kays, R., Cove, M. V., Diaz, J., Todd, K., Bresnan, C., Snider, M., Lee, T. E., Jasper, J. G., Douglas, B., Crupi, A. P., Weiss, K. C. B., Rowe, H., Sprague, T., Schipper, J., Lepczyk, C. A., Fantle-Lepczyk, J. E., Davenport, J., Zimova, M., Farris, Z., Williamson, J., Fisher-Reid, M. C., Rezendes, D., King, S. M., Chrysafis, P., Jensen, A. J., Jachowski, D. S., King, K. C., Herrera, D. J., Moore, S., van der Merwe, M., Lombardi, J. V., Sergeyev, M., Tewes, M. E., Horan, R. V., Rentz, M. S., Driver, A., Brandt, L. R. S. E., Nagy, C., Alexander, P., Maher, S. P., Darracq, A. K., Barr, E. G., Hess, G., Webb, S. L., Proctor, M. D., Vanek, J. P., Lafferty, D. J. R., Hubbard, T., Jimenez, J. E., Mccain, C., Favreau, J., Fogarty, J., Hill, J., Hammerich, S., Gray, M., Rega-Brodsky, C. C., Durbin, C., Flaherty, E. A., Brooke, J., Coster, S. S., Lathrop, R. G., Russell, K., Bogan, D. A., Shamon, H., Rooney, B., Rockhill, A., Lonsinger, R. C., O'Mara, M. T., Compton, J. A., Barthelmess, E. L., Andy, K. E., Belant, J. L., Petroelje, T., Wehr, N. H., Beyer, D. E., Scognamillo, D. G., Schalk, C., Day, K., Ellison, C. N., Ruthven, C., Nunley, B., Fritts, S., Whittier, C. A., Neiswenter, S. A., Pelletier, R., Degregorio, B. A., Kuprewicz, E. K., Davis, M. L., Baruzzi, C., Lashley, M. A., Mcdonald, B., Mason, D., Risch, D. R., Allen, M. L., Whipple, L. S., Sperry, J. H., Alexander, E., Wolff, P. J., Hagen, R. H., Mortelliti, A., Bolinjcar, A., Wilson, A. M., Van Norman, S., Powell, C., Coletto, H., Schauss, M., Bontrager, H., Beasley, J., Ellis-Felege, S. N., Wehr, S. R., Giery, S. T., Pekins, C. E., Larose, S. H., Revord, R. S., Hansen, C. P., Hansen, L., Millspaugh, J. J., Zorn, A., Gerber, B. D., Rezendes, K., Adley, J., Sevin, J., Green, A. M., Sekercioglu, C. H., Pendergast, M. E., Mullen, K., Bird, T., Edelman, A. J., Romero, A., O'Neill, B. J., Schmitz, N., Vandermus, R. A., Alston, J. M., Kuhn, K. M., Hasstedt, S. C., Lesmeister, D. B., Appel, C. L., Rota, C., Stenglein, J. L., Anhalt-Depies, C., Nelson, C. L., Long, R. A., Remine, K. R., Jordan, M. J., Elbroch, L. M., Bergman, D., Cendejas-Zarelli, S., Sager-Fradkin, K., Conner, M., Morris, G., Parsons, E., Hernandez-Yanez, H., and Mcshea, W. J.

Subjects
United State, Carnivora, Wild, mammal, Animals, Wild, Didelphimorphia, species distribution modeling, Birds, Bird, camera traps, biodiversity, biogeography, Cetartiodactyla, Lagomorpha, mammals, occupancy modeling, Animals, Humans, Mammals, Pandemics, United States, COVID-19, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Pandemic, camera trap, Animal, Human
Abstract

Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site-level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. PARENTAL CARE OF FLEDGLING WOOD THRUSHES

Author

RIVERA, J. H. VEGA, HAAS, C. A., RAPPOLE, J. H., and MCSHEA, W. J.

Subjects
Birds -- Nestlings, Parental behavior in animals -- Research, Passeriformes -- Research, Biological sciences, Research
Abstract

J. H. VEGA RIVERA [1,3,4] C. A. HAAS [1] J. H. RAPPOLE [2] W. J. MCSHEA [2] ABSTRACT.--We report the study of parental care of Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) fledglings [...]

Published
2000

14. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) positively affect the growth of mature northern red oak (Quercus rubra) trees

Author

Lucas, R W, Salguero-Gomez, R, Cobb, D B, Waring, Bonnie G., Anderson, F, McShea, W J, and Casper, B B

Subjects
Biology
Abstract

Understanding and predicting the effects of deer (Cervidae) on forest ecosystems present significant challenges in ecosystem ecology. Deer herbivory can cause large changes in the biomass and species composition of forest understory plant communities, including early life-cycle trees (i.e., seedlings and saplings). Such changes can impact juvenile to adult transitions and the future age structure and species composition of mature forests. Changes to understory vegetation also impact flow of energy and nutrients in forest ecosystems. Studies examining the influence of deer on mature trees, however, are rare and rely on extrapolating effects from early life cycle stages of trees. We tested the hypothesis that the absence of deer would result in an increase in the growth rate of mature trees by examining the impact of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on mature canopy trees. We examined incremental growth in individuals of Quercus rubra, an important component of temperate deciduous forests in North America, inside and outside 16-year deer exclosures in eastern U.S. deciduous forests. We found that adult trees inside exclosures grew less than those directly exposed to deer. Our findings highlight the indirect effects of white-tailed deer on the growth of adult individuals of Q. rubra in a way opposite of what would be expected from previous studies based on immature or understory tree populations. We suggest the increased growth of adult trees in the presence of deer may be explained by increased nutrient inputs through deer fecal and urine deposits and the alteration of the competitive environment belowground through the reduction of understory vegetation by browsing. Underscoring the ecological and demographic importance of adult trees in forest ecosystems, results from this study suggest the direct and indirect effects of deer on mature trees should not be overlooked.

Published
2013

15. Deer on the lookout: how hunting, hiking and coyotes affect white-tailed deer vigilance.

Author

Schuttler, S. G., Parsons, A. W., Forrester, T. D., Baker, M. C., McShea, W. J., Costello, R., and Kays, R.

Subjects
DEER hunting, PREDATION, COYOTE behavior, WHITE-tailed deer behavior, PUMAS, WOLVES
Abstract

Predators affect prey directly by removing animals from the population and indirectly by modifying prey behavior. Humans have extirpated apex predators from many ecosystems, and the extent to which smaller predators, or humans themselves, can ecologically replace apex predators remains uncertain. White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus in the Eastern United States were released from their two most important predators a century ago following the extirpation of cougars Puma concolor and wolves Canis lupus. We studied the extent to which perceived predation risk from humans and a newly arrived mesopredator, the coyote, Canis latrans affects deer behavior, predicting that deer will be most vigilant in areas hunted by humans which also have the highest levels of coyote activity. We quantified deer vigilance rates in 33 natural areas of which 15 allowed hunting, across six states by evaluating the head posture of 3470 deer photographed at unbaited camera traps. We documented wide variation in coyote activity (0-2.5 detections/day) and human activity (0-306 detections/day), but contrary to our predictions, did not find strong positive relationships between deer vigilance and either of these predators. Deer vigilance was lower in areas with high levels of human recreation, suggesting that deer become habituated to the presence of humans. Vigilance increased across the fall season in both hunted and non-hunted populations, which suggests that increased vigilance may be associated more with mating behavior or environmental factors other than hunting. Our results show that variation in coyote and human activity does not significantly impact the vigilance behavior of white-tailed deer year-round, suggesting that deer rely on other risk-avoidance behaviors or neither are functioning as apex predators in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Local spatial structure of forest biomass and its consequences for remote sensing of carbon stocks

Author

Réjou-Méchain, M., Muller-Landau, H. C., Detto, M., Thomas, S. C., Le Toan, T., Saatchi, S. S., Barreto-Silva, J. S., Bourg, N. A., Bunyavejchewin, S., Butt, N., Brockelman, W. Y., Cao, M., Cárdenas, D., Chiang, J. M., Chuyong, G. B., Clay, K., Condit, R., Dattaraja, H. S., Davies, S. J., Duque, A., Esufali, S., Ewango, C., Fernando, R. H. S., Fletcher, C. D., Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., Hao, Z., Harms, K. E., Hart, T. B., Hérault, B., Howe, R. W., Hubbell, S. P., Johnson, D. J., Kenfack, D., Larson, A. J., Lin, L., Lin, Y., Lutz, J. A., Makana, J. R., Malhi, Y., Marthews, T. R., McEwan, R. W., McMahon, S. M., McShea, W. J., Muscarella, R., Nathalang, A., Noor, N. S. M., Nytch, C. J., Oliveira, A. A., Phillips, R. P., Pongpattananurak, N., Punchi-Manage, R., Salim, R., Schurman, J., Sukumar, R., Suresh, H. S., Suwanvecho, U., Thomas, D. W., Thompson, J., Uríarte, M., Valencia, R., Vicentini, A., Wolf, A. T., Yap, S., Yuan, Z., Zartman, C. E., Zimmerman, J. K., Chave, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Muller-Landau, H. C., Detto, M., Thomas, S. C., Le Toan, T., Saatchi, S. S., Barreto-Silva, J. S., Bourg, N. A., Bunyavejchewin, S., Butt, N., Brockelman, W. Y., Cao, M., Cárdenas, D., Chiang, J. M., Chuyong, G. B., Clay, K., Condit, R., Dattaraja, H. S., Davies, S. J., Duque, A., Esufali, S., Ewango, C., Fernando, R. H. S., Fletcher, C. D., Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., Hao, Z., Harms, K. E., Hart, T. B., Hérault, B., Howe, R. W., Hubbell, S. P., Johnson, D. J., Kenfack, D., Larson, A. J., Lin, L., Lin, Y., Lutz, J. A., Makana, J. R., Malhi, Y., Marthews, T. R., McEwan, R. W., McMahon, S. M., McShea, W. J., Muscarella, R., Nathalang, A., Noor, N. S. M., Nytch, C. J., Oliveira, A. A., Phillips, R. P., Pongpattananurak, N., Punchi-Manage, R., Salim, R., Schurman, J., Sukumar, R., Suresh, H. S., Suwanvecho, U., Thomas, D. W., Thompson, J., Uríarte, M., Valencia, R., Vicentini, A., Wolf, A. T., Yap, S., Yuan, Z., Zartman, C. E., Zimmerman, J. K., and Chave, J.

Abstract

BG

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Local spatial structure of forest biomass and its consequences for remote sensing of carbon stocks

Author

Réjou-Méchain, M., primary, Muller-Landau, H. C., additional, Detto, M., additional, Thomas, S. C., additional, Le Toan, T., additional, Saatchi, S. S., additional, Barreto-Silva, J. S., additional, Bourg, N. A., additional, Bunyavejchewin, S., additional, Butt, N., additional, Brockelman, W. Y., additional, Cao, M., additional, Cárdenas, D., additional, Chiang, J.-M., additional, Chuyong, G. B., additional, Clay, K., additional, Condit, R., additional, Dattaraja, H. S., additional, Davies, S. J., additional, Duque, A., additional, Esufali, S., additional, Ewango, C., additional, Fernando, R. H. S., additional, Fletcher, C. D., additional, Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., additional, Hao, Z., additional, Harms, K. E., additional, Hart, T. B., additional, Hérault, B., additional, Howe, R. W., additional, Hubbell, S. P., additional, Johnson, D. J., additional, Kenfack, D., additional, Larson, A. J., additional, Lin, L., additional, Lin, Y., additional, Lutz, J. A., additional, Makana, J.-R., additional, Malhi, Y., additional, Marthews, T. R., additional, McEwan, R. W., additional, McMahon, S. M., additional, McShea, W. J., additional, Muscarella, R., additional, Nathalang, A., additional, Noor, N. S. M., additional, Nytch, C. J., additional, Oliveira, A. A., additional, Phillips, R. P., additional, Pongpattananurak, N., additional, Punchi-Manage, R., additional, Salim, R., additional, Schurman, J., additional, Sukumar, R., additional, Suresh, H. S., additional, Suwanvecho, U., additional, Thomas, D. W., additional, Thompson, J., additional, Uríarte, M., additional, Valencia, R., additional, Vicentini, A., additional, Wolf, A. T., additional, Yap, S., additional, Yuan, Z., additional, Zartman, C. E., additional, Zimmerman, J. K., additional, and Chave, J., additional

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Supplementary material to &quot;Local spatial structure of forest biomass and its consequences for remote sensing of carbon stocks&quot;

Author

Réjou-Méchain, M., primary, Muller-Landau, H. C., additional, Detto, M., additional, Thomas, S. C., additional, Le Toan, T., additional, Saatchi, S. S., additional, Barreto-Silva, J. S., additional, Bourg, N. A., additional, Bunyavejchewin, S., additional, Butt, N., additional, Brockelman, W. Y., additional, Cao, M., additional, Cárdenas, D., additional, Chiang, J.-M., additional, Chuyong, G. B., additional, Clay, K., additional, Condit, R., additional, Dattaraja, H. S., additional, Davies, S. J., additional, Duque, A., additional, Esufali, S., additional, Ewango, C., additional, Fernando, R. H. S., additional, Fletcher, C. D., additional, Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., additional, Hao, Z., additional, Harms, K. E., additional, Hart, T. B., additional, Hérault, B., additional, Howe, R. W., additional, Hubbell, S. P., additional, Johnson, D. J., additional, Kenfack, D., additional, Larson, A. J., additional, Lin, L., additional, Lin, Y., additional, Lutz, J. A., additional, Makana, J.-R., additional, Malhi, Y., additional, Marthews, T. R., additional, McEwan, R. W., additional, McMahon, S. M., additional, McShea, W. J., additional, Muscarella, R., additional, Nathalang, A., additional, Noor, N. S. M., additional, Nytch, C. J., additional, Oliveira, A. A., additional, Phillips, R. P., additional, Pongpattananurak, N., additional, Punchi-Manage, R., additional, Salim, R., additional, Schurman, J., additional, Sukumar, R., additional, Suresh, H. S., additional, Suwanvecho, U., additional, Thomas, D. W., additional, Thompson, J., additional, Uríarte, M., additional, Valencia, R., additional, Vicentini, A., additional, Wolf, A. T., additional, Yap, S., additional, Yuan, Z., additional, Zartman, C. E., additional, Zimmerman, J. K., additional, and Chave, J., additional

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Why South-east Asia should be the world's priority for averting imminent species extinctions, and a call to join a developing cross-institutional programme to tackle this urgent issue

Author

Duckworth, J. W., Batters, G., Belant, J. L., Bennett, E. L., Brunner, J., Burton, J., Dan Challender, Cowling, V., Duplaix, N., Harris, J. D., Hedges, S., Long, B., Mahood, S. P., Mcgowan, P. J. K., Mcshea, W. J., Oliver, W. L. R., Perkin, S., Rawson, B. M., Shepherd, C. R., Stuart, S. N., Talukdar, B. K., Dijk, P. P., Vié, J. -C, Walston, J. L., Whitten, T., and Wirth, R.

Subjects
inter-agency collaboration, site-based conservation, overharvest, South-east Asia, extinction risk, species, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, wildlife trade, lcsh:TD1-1066
Abstract

Global species loss during the present human-caused mass-extinction far exceeds background rates and is detrimental to human existence. Across the globe, vertebrate extinction risks are highest in South-east Asia. This region has among the world’s fastest recent habitat-loss rates. More of a determinant to the conservation status of many vertebrates has been a huge explosion in South-east and East Asian trade demand, and thus harvest rates, for wild species for luxury food, medicine, tonics, horns and other trophy parts, and captive animals. The region has little tradition of effectively managed protected areas. Consequently, many South-east Asian species will become extinct in the near future if current trends continue. An emerging programme coordinated by IUCN SSC on behalf of its member organisations is being developed to assist implementing agencies and their partners minimise the impending extinctions among South-east Asian non-marine vertebrates. The programme is neither a direct implementing body nor a direct donor, but is a supporter using the synergistic strength of its constituent organisations and IUCN’s intergovernmental status to ameliorate perennial challenges to these species’ conservation. Its two main components are (1) to identify species at greatest risk of extinction, specify their conservation needs and support conservation efforts to reduce this risk; and (2) to build, in selected ways, an enabling environment for species-specific interventions. To address the first component, the programme will: develop and maintain a priority species list with associated priority sites necessary to reduce extinction; determine what conservation mechanisms are already in place (many species presently have none), and encourage additional actions as warranted; and serve as a clearinghouse for information and skills exchange. To address the second component, the programme will: work with existing and new donors to prioritise these species and develop emergency and long-term conservation funding mechanisms for them; encourage the integration of priority species into relevant conservation plans; serve as a liaison body to support dialogue among relevant parties in improving species’ conservation (e.g. governmental and non-governmental site- and higher-level implementing agencies, and donors); support the functionality of information/expertise-based bodies such as IUCN SSC specialist groups; serve as a mechanism to link recommended conservation strategies with appropriate ‘stakeholders’; and increase public awareness of the severity of this extinction crisis. By October 2012, working species and site lists will be available and a stakeholder meeting will have discussed the working mechanics of the programme. Any highly collaborative effort of this magnitude faces stiff challenges. It must serve only as a catalyst, recognising and supporting existing efforts, and encouraging action for species presently not receiving it. All parties must recognise that not all conservation efforts will be successful: extinction potential of high-risk species is, by definition, not negligible. Many of the most-threatened South-east Asian species have high market value, or are bycatch of those which do, meaning that powerful vested interests oppose their conservation. Considerably increased funding, primarily to implementing agencies, for highly-threatened species in South-east Asia is required. Funding to run the programme must not compete with the implementing agencies’ existing sources. Human capacity is also limiting outcomes, and how to effect an appropriate increase in capable and committed personnel to use increased funding effectively remains unclear. Finally, the philosophy of the programme must be recognised by all as only part of overall species conservation in South-East Asia.

33. SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States

Author

Jerrold L. Belant, Seth C. Crockett, William J. McShea, Adam Zorn, Robert A. Long, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu, Kelly Anne MacCombie, Helen I. Rowe, Jaquelyn Tleimat, Adrienne Dykstra, Kelsey A. Barnick, Tiffany A. Sprague, Connor Cincotta, Andrew J. Edelman, Marcus A. Lashley, Anthony P. Crupi, Steven Hammerich, Jennifer Sevin, Carolina Baruzzi, Jesse M. Alston, Elizabeth A. Flaherty, Christopher P. Hansen, Damon B. Lesmeister, Sean T. Giery, Caroline N. Ellison, Andrea K. Darracq, George R. Hess, Brian J. O'Neill, Matthew E. Gompper, Christopher M. Schalk, Amelia M. Bergquist, Ronald S. Revord, Brian D. Gerber, Arielle W. Parsons, Chelsey Tellez, Travis W. Knowles, Daniel G. Scognamillo, Christopher Nagy, Jan Schipper, Morgan Gray, Maximilian L. Allen, Gary W. Roemer, Tavis Forrester, Aaron N. Facka, Miranda L. Davis, Alexej P. K. Sirén, Brett A. DeGregorio, Colin E. Studds, Monica Lasky, Melissa T. R. Hawkins, La Roy S.E. Brandt, Thomas E. Lee, Sean M. King, Mark A. Linnell, Jinelle H. Sperry, John F. Benson, Katherine C. B. Weiss, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Fabiola Iannarilli, Bryn Evans, Christopher A. Lepczyk, David Mason, Mark J. Jordan, Jarred M. Brooke, Cara L. Appel, Katherine E. Andy, Jennifer L. Stenglein, Dean E. Beyer, Tru Hubbard, Marketa Zimova, Alexandra J. Bebko, Daniel J. Herrera, Cristian J. Hernandez, Petros Chrysafis, Summer D. Higdon, Caleb Durbin, Sophie L. Nasrallah, Roland Kays, Scott D. LaPoint, Kathryn R. Remine, Brandon T. Barton, Chip Ruthven, Robert C. Lonsinger, Noel Schmitz, Jorie Favreau, Stephen L. Webb, Edward Trout, Mary E. Pendergast, Brenna Wells, Christine Anhalt-Depies, Robert Horan, Christopher A. Whittier, Todd K. Fuller, M. Teague O'Mara, Hila Shamon, Jean E. Fantle-Lepczyk, Rachel M. Cliché, Sean P. Maher, Stephanie S. Coster, Joshua Sands, Kellie M. Kuhn, Helen Bontrager, Christopher T. Rota, Jaylin N. Solberg, Sarah R. Fritts, John P. Vanek, Laura S. Whipple, Erika L. Barthelmess, Alessio Mortelliti, Kodi Jo Jaspers, Daniel Davis, Renee Klann, Erin K. Kuprewicz, Melinda Fowler, Christine C. Rega-Brodsky, Haydée Hernández-Yáñez, Robert Pelletier, Daniel A. Bogan, M. Caitlin Fisher-Reid, Weston C. Thompson, Chris Sutherland, Claire Bresnan, Todd M. Kautz, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Neil H. Carter, Sharyn B. Marks, Carrie Nelson, Jessica C. Burr, Richard G. Lathrop, Austin M. Green, Robert H. Hagen, Andrea Romero, Michael S. Rentz, Matthew S. Leslie, Katarina Russell, Michael V. Cove, David S. Jachowski, Paige S. Warren, Sean A. Neiswenter, Nyeema C. Harris, Jillian R. Kilborn, Taylor Frerichs, Marius van der Merwe, Jennifer Y. Zhao, Darren A. Clark, Derek R. Risch, Jacque Williamson, Diana J. R. Lafferty, Michelle Halbur, Joanne R. Wasdin, Melissa R. Price, Justin A. Compton, Alex J. Jensen, University of St Andrews. Statistics, Cove, M. V., Kays, R., Bontrager, H., Bresnan, C., Lasky, M., Frerichs, T., Klann, R., Lee, T. E., Crockett, S. C., Crupi, A. P., Weiss, K. C. B., Rowe, H., Sprague, T., Schipper, J., Tellez, C., Lepczyk, C. A., Fantle-Lepczyk, J. E., Lapoint, S., Williamson, J., Fisher-Reid, M. C., King, S. M., Bebko, A. J., Chrysafis, P., Jensen, A. J., Jachowski, D. S., Sands, J., Maccombie, K. A., Herrera, D. J., van der Merwe, M., Knowles, T. W., Horan, R. V., Rentz, M. S., Brandt, L. S. E., Nagy, C., Barton, B. T., Thompson, W. C., Maher, S. P., Darracq, A. K., Hess, G., Parsons, A. W., Wells, B., Roemer, G. W., Hernandez, C. J., Gompper, M. E., Webb, S. L., Vanek, J. P., Lafferty, D. J. R., Bergquist, A. M., Hubbard, T., Forrester, T., Clark, D., Cincotta, C., Favreau, J., Facka, A. N., Halbur, M., Hammerich, S., Gray, M., Rega-Brodsky, C. C., Durbin, C., Flaherty, E. A., Brooke, J. M., Coster, S. S., Lathrop, R. G., Russell, K., Bogan, D. A., Cliche, R., Shamon, H., Hawkins, M. T. R., Marks, S. B., Lonsinger, R. C., O'Mara, M. T., Compton, J. A., Fowler, M., Barthelmess, E. L., Andy, K. E., Belant, J. L., Beyer, D. E., Kautz, T. M., Scognamillo, D. G., Schalk, C. M., Leslie, M. S., Nasrallah, S. L., Ellison, C. N., Ruthven, C., Fritts, S., Tleimat, J., Gay, M., Whittier, C. A., Neiswenter, S. A., Pelletier, R., Degregorio, B. A., Kuprewicz, E. K., Davis, M. L., Dykstra, A., Mason, D. S., Baruzzi, C., Lashley, M. A., Risch, D. R., Price, M. R., Allen, M. L., Whipple, L. S., Sperry, J. H., Hagen, R. H., Mortelliti, A., Evans, B. E., Studds, C. E., Siren, A. P. K., Kilborn, J., Sutherland, C., Warren, P., Fuller, T., Harris, N. C., Carter, N. H., Trout, E., Zimova, M., Giery, S. T., Iannarilli, F., Higdon, S. D., Revord, R. S., Hansen, C. P., Millspaugh, J. J., Zorn, A., Benson, J. F., Wehr, N. H., Solberg, J. N., Gerber, B. D., Burr, J. C., Sevin, J., Green, A. M., Sekercioglu, C. H., Pendergast, M., Barnick, K. A., Edelman, A. J., Wasdin, J. R., Romero, A., O'Neill, B. J., Schmitz, N., Alston, J. M., Kuhn, K. M., Lesmeister, D. B., Linnell, M. A., Appel, C. L., Rota, C., Stenglein, J. L., Anhalt-Depies, C., Nelson, C., Long, R. A., Jo Jaspers, K., Remine, K. R., Jordan, M. J., Davis, D., Hernandez-Yanez, H., Zhao, J. Y., and Mcshea, W. J.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Cingulata, QH301 Biology, Carnivora, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, mammal, Information repository, 01 natural sciences, QA, biodiversity, Mammals, education.field_of_study, camera trap, Ecology, Camera traps, Environmental resource management, Species distribution modeling, Geography, Biogeography, carnivora, Extinction debt, United State, Cetartiodactyla, Didelphimorphia, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, biogeography, camera traps, mammals, occupancy modeling, species distribution modeling, Animals, Birds, United States, Animals, Wild, Occupancy modeling, Population, Wildlife, Wild, 010603 evolutionary biology, Snapshot (photography), QH301, Bird, QA Mathematics, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Population Dynamic, Animal, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, DAS, Camera trap, Survey data collection, business
Abstract

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August - 24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian's eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the USA. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban-wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as well as future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication. Publisher PDF

Published
2021

34. Analyses of fecal and hair glucocorticoids to evaluate short- and long-term stress and recovery of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) removed from bile farms in China.

Author

Malcolm KD, McShea WJ, Van Deelen TR, Bacon HJ, Liu F, Putman S, Zhu X, and Brown JL

Subjects
Animals, China, Female, Hair growth & development, Hydrocortisone analysis, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System physiopathology, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System physiopathology, Seasons, Bile chemistry, Feces chemistry, Glucocorticoids analysis, Hair chemistry, Stress, Psychological physiopathology, Ursidae metabolism
Abstract

Demand for traditional Chinese medicines has given rise to the practice of maintaining Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in captivity to harvest bile. We evaluated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity in Asiatic black bears on a bile farm in China by measuring cortisol in hair. We also monitored hair and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites as bears acclimated to improved husbandry at the Animals Asia Foundation China Bear Rescue Center (CBRC) after removal from other bile farms. Fecal samples were collected twice weekly for ~1 year, and hair was obtained from bears upon arrival at the CBRC and again ≥163 days later. Paired hair samples showed declines in cortisol concentrations of 12-88% in 38 of 45 (84%, p<0.001) bears after arrival and acclimation at the rehabilitation facility. Concentrations of cortisol in hair from bears on the bile farm were similar to initial concentrations upon arrival at the CBRC but were higher than those collected after bears had been at the CBRC for ≥163 days. Fecal glucocorticoid concentrations varied across months and were highest in April and declined through December, possibly reflecting seasonal patterns, responses to the arrival and socialization of new bears at the CBRC, and/or annual metabolic change. Data from segmental analysis of hair supports the first of these explanations. Our findings indicate that bears produced elevated concentrations of glucocorticoids on bile farms, and that activity of the HPA axis declined following relocation. Thus, hair cortisol analyses are particularly well suited to long-term, retrospective assessments of glucocorticoids in ursids. By contrast, fecal measures were not clearly associated with rehabilitation, but rather reflected more subtle endocrine changes, possibly related to seasonality., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Anesthesia in female white-tailed deer using Telazol and xylazine.

Author

Murray S, Monfort SL, Ware L, McShea WJ, and Bush M

Subjects
Animals, Body Temperature, Female, Heart Rate, Oximetry veterinary, Statistics, Nonparametric, Virginia, Yohimbine administration & dosage, Adrenergic alpha-Agonists administration & dosage, Adrenergic alpha-Agonists pharmacology, Anesthesia veterinary, Anesthetics, Dissociative administration & dosage, Anesthetics, Dissociative pharmacology, Deer physiology, Drug Combinations, Tiletamine administration & dosage, Tiletamine pharmacology, Xylazine administration & dosage, Xylazine pharmacology, Zolazepam administration & dosage, Zolazepam pharmacology
Abstract

Thirty two free-ranging female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were anesthesized with varying Telazol and xylazine HCl combinations in Front Royal (Virginia, USA) between August 1992 and September 1992. All animals were caught in baited box traps, manually restrained, and hand injected with a combination of Telazol and xylazine administered intramuscularly. Deer received mean +/- SE dosages of 2.53+/-0.16 mg/kg Telazol and 0.69+/-0.05 mg/kg of xylazine. These dosages achieved a rapid and effective anesthetic plane for short-term procedures such as weighing, blood collection, and translocation. Eight of 32 deer (25%) required an intravenous (i.v.) supplement of ketamine HCl (100 mg) to maintain a safe plane of anesthesia. Ketamine supplementation provided an average of 11.8+/-2.0 min additional safe handling. Satisfactory reversals were achieved in all deer by administering yohimbine HCl 16 mg i.v. (dose range, 0.22 to 0.48 mg/kg) to all animals.

Published
2000
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results