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10. Vanadium and other metal ions in the physiological ecology of marine organisms

Author

Kustin, Kenneth, McLeod, Guy C., Gilbert, Thomas R., Le Briggs, Baron R., Clarke, Michael J., editor, Goodenough, John B., editor, Ibers, James A., editor, Jørgensen, C. Klixbüll, editor, Neilands, Joe B., editor, Reinen, Dirk, editor, Weiss, Raymond, editor, Williams, Robert Joseph P., editor, Averill, B. A., Briggs, LeB. R., Chasteen, N. D., Gilbert, T. R., Kustin, K., McLeod, G. C., Penfield, K. W., Solomon, E. I., and Wilcox, D. E.

Published
1983
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16. Vanadium and other metal ions in the physiological ecology of marine organisms.

Author

Clarke, Michael J., Goodenough, John B., Ibers, James A., Jørgensen, C. Klixbüll, Neilands, Joe B., Reinen, Dirk, Weiss, Raymond, Williams, Robert Joseph P., Averill, B. A., Briggs, LeB. R., Chasteen, N. D., Gilbert, T. R., Kustin, K., McLeod, G. C., Penfield, K. W., Solomon, E. I., Wilcox, D. E., Kustin, Kenneth, McLeod, Guy C., and Gilbert, Thomas R.

Abstract

Both natural and polluting metal ions are taken up by marine organisms. For many metal, and metal-containing ions, mechanisms exist which allow these organisms to discriminate between essential and non-essential ions, and reject the latter. In this article we examine the accumulation mechanisms and effects of metal and metal-containing ions on bivalve molluscs and tunicates (sea squirts). Special emphasis is put on the internal or physiological environment of metal ions in marine organisms. A molecular mechanism based on experimental studies is presented to explain the extraordinary accumulation of vanadium in tunicate blood cells called vanadocytes. Vanadium in the form of vanadate anion is transported into the blood cells by passage through anionic channels. Inside the cell it is reduced to cationic V(III) and V(IV) ions which are trapped inside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1983
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17. THE BLOOD OF ASCIDIA NIGRA:BLOOD CELL FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION, MORPHOLOGY, AND THE DISTRIBUTION AND VALENCE OF VANADIUM IN LIVING BLOOD CELLS

Author

KUSTIN, KENNETH, LEVINE, DOUGLAS S., McLEOD, GUY C., and CURBY, WILLIAM A.

Abstract

1. The blood plasma of Ascidia nigrahas been characterized with regard to pH, salinity, and ultraviolet-visible absorption. Whole blood of A. nigrahas been characterized with regard to cell count, cellular volume, hemoglobin (iron) content, vanadium content. Blood cell types have been examined, categorized, and differentially counted.2. Epr and nmr studies prove that trivalent vanadium is present. Staining of whole blood slides with OsO4reagent identify the vanadium-carrying cells as being mainly the green globular blood cells. The observed uv-vis absorption spectrum does not correlate well with known vanadium(III) complex spectra.3. Density separation of blood cells has been achieved; this result coupled with various cell morphologies suggests that different cells may represent different maturational stages in a developmental process.4. Vanadium analyses of layerings of cells of different densities suggest that vanadium may be present in more than one type of blood cell, where, when not present as vanadium(III), it would be present in the diamagnetic, pentavalent oxidation state.

Published
1976
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