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1. Imaging the healthy human brain with hyperpolarized 13C MRI

Author

Grist, JT, McLean, MA, Riemer, F, Zaccagna, F, Hilborne, SF, Mason, JP, Matys, T, Graves, M, Jones, Jo, Coles, AJ, Brindle, KM, and Gallagher, FA

Abstract

Hyperpolarized 13C MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) can be used to probe human metabolism in vivo in real time. To date, this has been applied to studies of [1-13C] pyruvate metabolism in oncology and in the healthy human heart (1-3). Here we describe initial results from the first study to image [1-13C] pyruvate metabolism in the healthy human brain. The results show the feasibility of imaging the exchange of hyperpolarized 13C label between pyruvate and the endogenous lactate pool in the healthy brain as well as spectroscopic measurements of 13C-bicarbonate production.

Published
2018
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2. Feasibility of metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate in human breast cancer

Author

McLean, MA, Daniels, CJ, Grist, J, Schulte, RF, Lanz, T, Chhabra, A, Earl, H, Basu, B, Wilkinson, I, Lomas, DJ, Caldas, C, Abraham, J, Graves, MJ, Gilbert, FJ, Brindle, KM, and Gallagher, FA

Abstract

Introduction Imaging of the breast with hyperpolarized 13C yields new challenges compared to imaging the prostate [1]. E.g. large anteroposterior B0 gradients [2] require correction and the anatomy and patient positioning need a new, highly optimized RF coil array for achieving sufficient SNR/spatial resolution. As a first step, we have investigated single-breast imaging in the coronal plane. Methods A BRCA gene carrier with a 38-mm diameter grade 3 triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma was studied on a 3T MRI (GE Healthcare) using a prototype 8-channel 13C breast coil (Rapid Biomedical), containing 2 transmit/receive coils and 6 receive-only covering both breasts in a prone position. 1H imaging was performed with the body coil. Following injection of 40ml of 250mM 13C-pyruvate, polarized to c. 25%, a 1-minute time series of spirals with IDEAL encoding (3) was collected (flip angle 10°, TR=260ms, 8-step cycle, time resolution 2.08s, 3 x 3-cm thick slices, 3mm gap, 40-pt spiral, 24cm coronal FOV, real pixel size 12 x 12 x 30mm). IDEAL reconstruction of images was optimized separately for each slice to enable independent frequency offsets to be applied. Kinetic modelling was performed in MATLAB, with automated tumour segmentation. Results Tumour pixels were identified by the segmentation algorithm only in the tumour-containing slice 2, and the average estimated flux from pyruvate to lactate kPL within this ROI was 0.022 s-1 (Fig. 1). The frequency shift of pyruvate relative to slice 2 was +6 Hz in slice 3 and -34 Hz in slice 1, confirming a sharp gradient in B0 approaching the nipple, which was corrected by optimizing slices separately (Fig 2). Images of lactate and pyruvate summed over the time course (Fig 3) showed strong signal of both metabolites over the tumour in slice 2, lower pyruvate in the slice toward the chest wall, and no consistent signal in slice 1. Conclusion This first-in-Europe study in breast cancer established the feasibility of obtaining metabolite images with high temporal and moderate spatial resolution in humans in vivo following administration of hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate. Coronal image orientation allowed application of significant corrections for a known limitation, the anteroposterior B0 gradient, as well as a small FOV to improve spatial resolution. Kinetic rate constants within the tumour were found to be consistent with previous reports in human prostate cancer (1). References 1) Nelson SJ et al. Sci Transl Med 5, 198ra108 (2013). 2) Maril N, et al. Magn. Reson. Med. 2005; 54:1139-1145. 3) Wiesinger F, et al. Magn Reson Med 2012; 68:8-16.

Published
2018
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4. Multimodal MRI Can Identify Perfusion and Metabolic Changes in the Invasive Margin of Glioblastomas

Author

Price, SJ, Young, AMH, Scotton, WJ, Ching, J, Mohsen, LA, Boonzaier, NR, Lupson, VC, Griffiths, JR, McLean, MA, Larkin, TJ, Price, SJ, Young, AMH, Scotton, WJ, Ching, J, Mohsen, LA, Boonzaier, NR, Lupson, VC, Griffiths, JR, McLean, MA, and Larkin, TJ

Abstract

PURPOSE: To use perfusion and magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy to compare the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-defined invasive and noninvasive regions. Invasion of normal brain is a cardinal feature of glioblastomas (GBM) and a major cause of treatment failure. DTI can identify invasive regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In all, 50 GBM patients were imaged preoperatively at 3T with anatomic sequences, DTI, dynamic susceptibility perfusion MR (DSCI), and multivoxel spectroscopy. The DTI and DSCI data were coregistered to the spectroscopy data and regions of interest (ROIs) were made in the invasive (determined by DTI), noninvasive regions, and normal brain. Values of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), myoinositol (mI), total choline (Cho), and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) normalized to creatine (Cr) and Cho/NAA were measured at each ROI. RESULTS: Invasive regions showed significant increases in rCBV, suggesting angiogenesis (invasive rCBV 1.64 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.5-1.76] vs. noninvasive 1.14 [1.09-1.18]; P < 0.001), Cho/Cr (invasive 0.42 [0.38-0.46] vs. noninvasive 0.35 [0.31-0.38]; P = 0.02) and Cho/NAA (invasive 0.54 [0.41-0.68] vs. noninvasive 0.37 [0.29-0.45]; P = < 0.03), suggesting proliferation, and Glx/Cr (invasive 1.54 [1.27-1.82] vs. noninvasive 1.3 [1.13-1.47]; P = 0.028), suggesting glutamate release; and a significantly reduced NAA/Cr (invasive 0.95 [0.85-1.05] vs. noninvasive 1.19 [1.06-1.31]; P = 0.008). The mI/Cr was not different between the three ROIs (invasive 1.2 [0.99-1.41] vs. noninvasive 1.3 [1.14-1.46]; P = 0.68). In the noninvasive regions, the values were not different from normal brain. CONCLUSION: Combining DTI to identify the invasive region with perfusion and spectroscopy, we can identify changes in invasive regions not seen in noninvasive regions.

Published
2016

10. Apparent diffusion coefficient and vascular signal fraction measurements with magnetic resonance imaging: feasibility in metastatic ovarian cancer at 3 Tesla: technical development.

Author

Sala E, Priest AN, Kataoka M, Graves MJ, McLean MA, Joubert I, Griffiths JR, Crawford RA, Jimenez-Linan M, Earl HM, Brenton JD, Lomas DJ, Sala, Evis, Priest, Andrew N, Kataoka, Masako, Graves, Martin J, McLean, Mary A, Joubert, Ilse, Griffiths, John R, and Crawford, Robin A F

Abstract

This prospective study aims to evaluate the feasibility of DWI at 3 Tesla in patients with advanced ovarian cancer and investigate the differences in vascular signal fraction (VSF) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between primary ovarian mass and metastatic disease. Twenty patients with suspected advanced ovarian carcinoma were enrolled in the study. High-resolution T2W FRFSE images were used to confirm the position of three marker lesions: primary ovarian mass, omental cake and peritoneal deposit. Multislice DWI was acquired in a single breath-hold using multiple b-values. The three marker lesions were outlined by an experienced radiologist on ADC and VSF maps. Ovarian lesions showed the highest ADC values. The mean ADC value for peritoneal deposits was significantly lower than for both ovarian lesions (p = 0.03) and omental cake (p = 0.03). The VSF for omental cake was significantly higher than for ovarian lesions (p = 0.01) and peritoneal deposits (p = 0.04). There was a significant positive correlation between ADC and VSF for peritoneal deposits (p = 0.04). DWI in advanced ovarian cancer is feasible at 3 T. There are significant differences in baseline ADC and VSF values between ovarian cancer, omental cake and peritoneal deposits that may explain the mixed treatment response that occurs at different disease sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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11. 1H-MRS internal thermometry in test-objects (phantoms) to within 0.1 K for quality assurance in long-term quantitative MR studies.

Author

Samson, RS, Thornton, JS, McLean, MA, Williams, SCR, and Tofts, PS

Abstract

Many magnetic resonance test-object properties are temperature-dependent, with typical temperature coefficients of ∼2-3% K−1. Therefore, to achieve consistent quality assurance measurements to within 1%, test object temperatures should ideally be known to within 0.3 K. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has previously been used to estimate accurately absolute tissue temperature in vivo, based on the linear temperature dependence of the chemical shift difference between water and temperature-stable reference metabolites such as N-acetylaspartate. In this study, this method of 'internal thermometry' in quality assurance test-objects was investigated, and in particular the value of sodium 3-(trimethylsilyl)propane-1-sulfonate (DSS) as a chemical shift reference was demonstrated. The relationship between the DSS-water chemical shift difference ( σ, expressed in ppm) and temperature τ (in K) was shown to be τ = 764.55 (±5.05) − 97.72 (±1.05) σ (286 ≤ τ ≤ 309 K). Internal thermometry in MRI test-objects is feasible and straightforward, using readily available 1H-MRS pulse sequences and standard spectroscopy evaluation packages, with a minimum detectable temperature difference of 100 (±20) mK. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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25. Extension

Author

McLean, Matt

Published
1998

28. REVIEWS

Author

McLean, Malcolm

Published
1989

29. (Text Page to) Timeline : Nations in space (1).

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration, Historical
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Describes space exploration by the United States and other nations, such as Japan, Mexico and the USSR. Includes three timelines: The USSR in space -- The USA in space -- Other national missions. With a chart: US and Soviet space launches. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm. (Page numbers inferred.), Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

30. (Text Page to) [Timeline : Nations in space] -- Voyager (2).

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration, Historical
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Continues text on space exploration from previous page. Includes three timelines: The USSR in space -- The USA in space -- Other national missions. With a map of the Solar System: [Voyager 1; Voyager 2]. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm. (Page numbers inferred; title taken from previous page.), Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

31. (Text Page to) [Venus] : Magellan : Venus Radar Mapper -- Earth -- The moon.

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Continues text on Venus from previous page and includes text on the Earth and the moon. Features black and white computer-generated 30D radar images of the "continents" of Venus, as well as photographs of the Earth and the moon. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm. (Title taken from previous page.), Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

32. (Text Page to) Mercury -- Venus.

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Describes Mercury and Venus. Includes: A radar map of Venus, as imaged by Pioneer Venus 1. Features black and white photographs of both planets. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm., Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

33. (Text Page to) [Introduction : Rockets to space] -- Space exploration -- The U.S. Space Program : Impressive past, uncertain future -- Space Exploitation -- The shuttle (1).

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Continues Introduction from previous page. Features black and white photographs of rockets: The Semyorsk A-2 rocket (DOD) -- The powerful Atlas-Centaur rocket -- (NASA). Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm. (Title taken from previous page.), Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

34. (Text Page to) [The sun] : Solar missions -- Ulysses.

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Continues text on the sun from previous page. Features black and white photographs of the sun, including during an eclipse and of "Spicules, the seething prairie fire". Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm. (Title taken from previous page.), Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

35. (Covers to) Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Compiled and written by Earl Bateman and Mary McLean.

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Covers to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Front cover includes a black and white view of the Solar System with space exploration objects below. Back cover has an advertisement for Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press, with a mailing address. With ISBN: 0-89087-469-7. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm., Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

36. (Text Page to) [Introduction : The shuttle] -- Space stations -- The Solar System -- The sun (2).

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Continues Introduction from previous pages. Additionally, has text on the sun, beginning: The sun burns hot and bright from the nuclear reactions at its core ... Features black and white photographs: The Rockwell International design for NASA's permanently manned space platform ... -- By linking existing space stations of teh Salyut Cosmos 1443 ... -- Hello [a greeting from Earth] -- The sun's full disk ... Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm. (Title taken from previous page.), Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

37. (Contents to) Table of contents -- Key to the Map -- Introduction : Space observation -- Rockets to space. Text and poster design copyright © 1986, Scientific Artwork Company. Revised 1987.

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Table of contents to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Includes a "Key to the Map" showing the Solar System bodies present in the associated poster. Facing page has Introduction, beginning: This poster commemorates the Space Age and looks to the future of humankind in space ... Features a black and white photograph: The phases of the Earth. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm., Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

38. (Text Page to) Pluto ; Planet X : Hubble Space Telescope -- Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) -- References and resources.

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Describes Pluto and Planet X. Features black and white photographs of a the Hubble Space Telescope and a rocket. With references and resources, as well as acknowledgments. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm., Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

39. (Text Page to) Uranus -- Neptune.

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Describes Uranus and Neptune. Features black and white photographs of both planets. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm., Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

40. (Text Page to) Saturn.

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Describes Saturn. Features black and white photographs of Saturn. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm., Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

41. (Text Page to) [Jupiter] : Project Galileo.

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Continues text on Jupiter from previous page. Features black and white photographs of Jupiter. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm. (Title taken from previous page.), Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

42. (Text Page to) Asteroids and meteors -- Comets -- Jupiter.

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Describes asteroids, meteors, comets and Jupiter. Features black and white photographs of celestial bodies and the "Great Red Spot" of Jupiter. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm., Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

43. (Text Page to) Mars : What Viking Found -- The next mission : Observer.

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Describes Mars. Features black and white photographs of Mars. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm., Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

44. (Text Page to) [Timeline : Voyager] -- The moon (3).

Author

Bateman, Earl, McLean, Mary, and Scientific Artwork Company

Subjects
Exploration, Historical
Abstract

Descriptive text to Solar System exploration : Guide to the map. Continues text on space exploration from previous pages and includes text on the moon. Includes three timelines: The USSR in space -- The USA in space -- Other national missions. Features black and white photographs of the moon. Unfolded to 22 x 44 cm. (Title taken from previous page.), Solar System exploration : Guide to the map, 29-page pamphlet to accompany the poster entitled "Solar system exploration" - See our 13617.000 Printed in black and white on paper, bound with staples. Text and poster designed by Scientific Artwork Company. Published by Celestial Arts/Ten Speed Press in Berkeley. First edition 1986. This copy is the revised edition from 1987. Includes a table of contents, key to the map, descriptive texts, maps, timelines, charts and photographs on celestial bodies, such as the planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors, as well as rockets.

Published
1987

45. (Text Composite to) The Ocean floor. Guide and Tourbook to the Map. Copyright 1985, Earl C Bateman III. Printed by Celestial Arts, Berkeley, California.Text and art by Earl C. Bateman III.

Author

Bateman, Earl C. and McLean, Mary L.

Subjects
Oceanography
Abstract

Images copyright 1985 by Earl Bateman. For additional copies of the map contact Celestial Arts, P.O. Box 7327, Berkeley, CA 94707., 2 maps on 1 sheet, with 4 insets: Topographic key; North Pole; South Pole; Tectonic key. Title at lower left corner: Map of the ocean floor. Map shows topographic and tectonic information about the ocean floor and includes text, cross section and definitions of terms; guide includes detailed information about specific areas of the chart. Note: "In normal light, it shows ... the terrain submerged beneath the seas. In the dark, a tectonic map glows to reveal the dynamics that shape the earth's thin crust." Bathymetry shown pictorially.

Published
1985

46. Measuring cerebral enzymatic activity, brain pH and extracranial muscle metabolism with hyperpolarized 13 C-pyruvate.

Author

Khan AS, McLean MA, Kaggie JD, Horvat-Menih I, Matys T, Schulte RF, Locke MJ, Grimmer A, Wodtke P, Latimer E, Frary A, Graves MJ, and Gallagher FA

Subjects
Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Male, Adult, Female, Muscles metabolism, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Pyruvic Acid metabolism, Carbon Isotopes metabolism, Brain metabolism, Brain diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Hyperpolarized carbon-13 ( 13 C) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown promise for non-invasive assessment of the cerebral metabolism of [1- 13 C]pyruvate in both healthy volunteers and patients. The exchange of pyruvate to lactate catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and that of pyruvate flux to bicarbonate through pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) are the most widely studied reactions in vivo. Here we show the potential of the technique to probe additional enzymatic activity within the brain. Approximately 50 s after intravenous injection of hyperpolarized pyruvate, high-flip-angle pulses were used to detect cerebral 13 C-labelled carbon dioxide ( 13 CO 2 ), in addition to the 13 C-bicarbonate (H 13 CO 3 - ) subsequently formed by carbonic anhydrase (CA). Brain pH measurements, which were weighted towards the extracellular compartment, were calculated from the ratio of H 13 CO 3 - to 13 CO 2 in seven volunteers using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, demonstrating an average pH ± SD of 7.40 ± 0.02, with inter-observer reproducibility of 0.04. In addition, hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]aspartate was also detected, demonstrating irreversible pyruvate carboxylation to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and subsequent transamination by aspartate aminotransferase (AST), with the average flux being on average 11% ± 3% of that through PDH. A hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]alanine signal was also detected, but this was localized to extracranial muscle tissue in keeping with skeletal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. The results demonstrate the potential of hyperpolarized 13 C-MRI to assess cerebral and extracerebral [1- 13 C]pyruvate metabolism in addition to LDH and PDH activity. Non-invasive measurements of brain pH could be particularly important in assessing cerebral pathology given the wide range of disease processes that alter acid-base balance., (© 2024 The Author(s). NMR in Biomedicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
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47. KRas4b-Calmodulin Interaction with Membrane Surfaces: Role of Headgroup, Acyl Chain, and Electrostatics.

Author

Shree S, McLean MA, Stephen AG, and Sligar SG

Subjects
Humans, Protein Binding, Phosphatidylserines metabolism, Phosphatidylserines chemistry, Kinetics, Calmodulin metabolism, Calmodulin chemistry, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) chemistry, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) genetics, Static Electricity, Lipid Bilayers metabolism, Lipid Bilayers chemistry, Cell Membrane metabolism, Cell Membrane chemistry
Abstract

KRas4b is a small plasma membrane-bound G-protein that regulates signal transduction pathways. The interaction of KRas4b with the plasma membrane is governed by both its basic C-terminus, which is farnesylated and methylated, and the lipid composition of the membrane itself. The signaling activity of KRas4b is intricately related to its interaction with various binding partners at the plasma membrane, underlining the critical role played by the lipid environment. The calcium-binding protein calmodulin binds farnesylated KRas4b and plays an important role in the dynamic spatial cycle of KRas4b trafficking in the cell. We utilize Biolayer Interferometry to assay the role of lipid headgroup, chain length, and electrostatics in the dissociation kinetics of fully post-translationally modified KRas4b from Nanodisc bilayers with defined lipid compositions. Our results suggest that calmodulin promotes the dissociation of KRas4b from an anionic membrane, with a comparatively slower displacement of KRas4b from PIP2 relative to PS containing bilayers. In addition to this headgroup dependence, KRas4b dissociation appears to be slower from Nanodiscs wherein the lipid composition contains mismatched, unsaturated acyl chains as compared to lipids with a matched acyl chain length. These findings contribute to understanding the role of the lipid composition in the binding of KRas4b and release from lipid bilayers, showing that the overall charge of the bilayer, the identity of the headgroups present, and the length and saturation of the acyl chains play key roles in KRas4b release from the membrane, potentially providing insights in targeting Ras-membrane interactions for therapeutic interventions.

Published
2024
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48. Pandemic-related prenatal maternal stress, model of maternity care and postpartum mental health: The Australian BITTOC study.

Author

Lequertier B, McLean MA, Kildea S, King S, Keedle H, Boyle JA, and Dahlen HG

Subjects
Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Adult, Australia epidemiology, Prenatal Care methods, Maternal Health Services, Social Support, Surveys and Questionnaires, Midwifery, Depression epidemiology, Depression psychology, Pandemics, Young Adult, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 psychology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Stress, Psychological psychology, Postpartum Period psychology, Depression, Postpartum epidemiology, Depression, Postpartum psychology, Anxiety epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2, Mental Health
Abstract

Problem: Women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic may be at risk of elevated postpartum mental health problems., Background: Social support protects maternal mental health during a pandemic. It is possible that formal supports, such as continuity maternity models of care, may also support maternal wellbeing., Aim: To investigate whether model of care moderates the association between prenatal maternal stress from the COVID-19 pandemic, and postpartum (a) depression and (b) anxiety., Methods: Women in Australia, pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 3048), completed a survey detailing their COVID-19-related objective hardship and subjective distress during pregnancy and completed depression and anxiety measures at birth to six weeks ("Early"), seven to 21 weeks ("Moderate"), and/or 22-30 weeks ("Late") postpartum., Findings: Higher subjective distress was associated with elevated depression and anxiety at all timepoints. Model of care did not moderate the association of objective hardship or subjective distress and depression or anxiety at any timepoint. Compared with Standard Care, women receiving private midwifery care had a 74 % reduction in the odds of elevated anxiety in early postpartum., Discussion: Women receiving private midwifery may have experienced lower anxiety due to a greater duration of postpartum in-home care, fewer changes to service delivery, and the option of homebirth. Women pregnant during a pandemic should be screened for higher subjective distress about the event., Conclusion: These results suggest that continuity of private midwifery care may be beneficial for supporting postpartum mental health during a pandemic, with implications for practice and policy for the current and future pandemics., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest We have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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49. Relationships between cortisol levels across early childhood and processing speed at age 4.5 years in children born very preterm.

Author

McLean MA, Weinberg J, Synnes AR, Miller SP, and Grunau RE

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Child, Preschool, Longitudinal Studies, Infant, Pituitary-Adrenal System metabolism, Saliva chemistry, Saliva metabolism, Prospective Studies, Infant, Newborn, Processing Speed, Hydrocortisone analysis, Hydrocortisone metabolism, Infant, Extremely Premature physiology, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System metabolism, Child Development physiology
Abstract

Children born very low gestational age (VLGA, 29-32 weeks gestational age [GA]) display slower processing speed and altered hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function, with greater effects in those born extremely low gestational age (ELGA; 24-28 weeks GA). We investigated trajectories of HPA axis activity as indexed by cortisol output and patterns across cognitive assessment at ages 1.5, 3 and 4.5 years, comparing children born ELGA and VLGA and associations with 4.5-year processing speed. In a prospective longitudinal cohort study, infants born very preterm (<33 weeks gestation) returned for developmental assessment at ages 1.5, 3, and 4.5 years. At each age, children completed standardized cognitive testing and saliva samples collected before (Pretest), during (During) and after (End) challenging cognitive tasks were assayed for cortisol. For the total group ( n  = 188), cortisol area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) decreased, while cortisol reactivity to challenge (Pre-test to During) increased from 1.5 to 3 years, remaining stable to 4.5 years. This longitudinal pattern was related to higher Processing Speed (WPPSI-IV) scores at 4.5 years. Children born ELGA displayed higher AUCg than VLGA, particularly at age 3, driven by higher Pre-test cortisol levels. Overall, relative to those born VLGA, children born ELGA displayed greater cortisol responsivity to cognitive challenge. A higher setpoint of cortisol levels at age 3-years in children born ELGA may reflect altered HPA axis regulation more broadly and may contribute to difficulties with information processing in this population, critical for academic and social success.

Published
2024
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50. Multiarm, non-randomised, single-centre feasibility study-investigation of the differential biology between benign and malignant renal masses using advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques (IBM-Renal): protocol.

Author

Horvat-Menih I, McLean MA, Zamora-Morales MJ, Wylot M, Kaggie J, Khan AS, Gill AB, Duarte J, Locke MJ, Mendichovszky I, Li H, Priest AN, Warren AY, Welsh SJ, Jones JO, Armitage JN, Mitchell TJ, Stewart GD, and Gallagher FA

Subjects
Humans, Diagnosis, Differential, Kidney diagnostic imaging, Kidney pathology, Female, Kidney Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Kidney Neoplasms pathology, Feasibility Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods
Abstract

Introduction: Localised renal masses are an increasing burden on healthcare due to the rising number of cases. However, conventional imaging cannot reliably distinguish between benign and malignant renal masses, and renal mass biopsies are unable to characterise the entirety of the tumour due to sampling error, which may lead to delayed treatment or overtreatment. There is an unmet clinical need to develop novel imaging techniques to characterise renal masses more accurately. Renal tumours demonstrate characteristic metabolic reprogramming, and novel MRI methods have the potential to detect these metabolic perturbations, which may therefore aid accurate characterisation. Here, we present our study protocol for the investigation of the differential biology of benign and malignant renal masses using advanced MRI techniques (IBM-Renal)., Methods and Analysis: IBM-Renal is a multiarm, single-centre, non-randomised, feasibility study with the aim to provide preliminary evidence for the potential role of the novel MRI techniques to phenotype localised renal lesions. 30 patients with localised renal masses will be recruited to three imaging arms, with 10 patients in each: (1) hyperpolarised [1- 13 C]-pyruvate MRI, (2) deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) and (3) sodium MRI. The diagnosis will be made on samples acquired at biopsy or at surgery. The primary objective is the technical development of the novel MRI techniques, with the ultimate aim to understand whether these can identify differences between benign and malignant tumours, while the secondary objectives aim to assess how complementary the techniques are, and if they provide additional information. The exploratory objective is to link imaging findings with clinical data and molecular analyses for the biological validation of the novel MRI techniques., Ethics and Dissemination: This study was ethically approved (UK REC HRA: 22/EE/0136; current protocol version 2.1 dated 11 August 2022). The plans for dissemination include presentations at conferences, publications in scientific journals, a doctoral thesis and patient and public involvement., Trial Registration Number: NCT06016075., Competing Interests: Competing interests: GDS has received educational grants from Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Intuitive Surgical; consultancy fees from Pfizer, MSD, EUSA Pharma and CMR Surgical; Travel expenses from MSD and Pfizer; Speaker fees from Pfizer; Clinical lead (urology) National Kidney Cancer Audit and Topic Advisor for the NICE kidney cancer guideline. SJW is a founder and director of Pinto Medical Consultancy. FAG has research grants from GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca, research support from GE Healthcare and has consulted for AstraZeneca on behalf of the University of Cambridge. All other authors have no competing interests., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2024
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