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Distance from competitors is a key factor in retail site selection and profitability. To understand the locational tendency that each newly opened outlet locates close to or far from existing competitors in a target area, a specific method is needed. Hence, this study aims first to develop a statistical method to discover the local spatial associations between newly opened and existing point‐like outlets on a street network. We achieve this objective by extending the network local cross K function. The second objective is to evaluate the practicality of the proposed method by applying it to restaurants in a trendy district in Tokyo. Specifically, this study focuses on answering two questions: first, whether each newly opened restaurant is closely located to existing ones or not and, second, whether each existing restaurant attracts newly opened restaurants or not. The results show that the method is useful for revealing the location tendencies of retail outlets toward competitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prominent U.S. medical geographer explores the geographic dimcnsions of disease pandemics, examining their causes, movement over spacc, unequal impacts, and emergence of place-specific public health responses. She utilizes a political ecological approach to situate pandemics within a complex network of place-specific interactions among people, the physical and built environments, social institutions, and infectious agents that cause disease. The author also reviews the range of geographical strategies that governments and other institutions employ to control the spread of infectious diseases that include constructing, targeting, and manipulating place environments where diseases occur and people's interactions within them. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F590, H510, 1180.4 figures, I table, 60 references. Key words: pandemic, epidemic, infectious disease, influenza, H1N1 virus, HIV/AIDS, SARS, cholera, airport hubs, DOI: 10.2747/1539-7216.51.2.143