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2. Intensity-Dependent Changes in Quantified Resting Cerebral Perfusion With Multiple Sessions of Transcranial DC Stimulation

Author

Sherwood, Matthew S, McIntire, Lindsey, Madaris, Aaron T, Kim, Kamin, Ranganath, Charan, and McKinley, R Andy

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Behavioral and Social Science, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Neurosciences, Stroke, Clinical Research, Neurological, MRI, arterial spin labeling, cerebral perfusion, neuromodulation, transcranial DC stimulation, prefrontal cortex, locus coeruleus, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biological psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the left prefrontal cortex has been shown to produce broad behavioral effects including enhanced learning and vigilance. Still, the neural mechanisms underlying such effects are not fully understood. Furthermore, the neural underpinnings of repeated stimulation remain understudied. In this work, we evaluated the effects of the repetition and intensity of tDCS on cerebral perfusion [cerebral blood flow (CBF)]. A cohort of 47 subjects was randomly assigned to one of the three groups. tDCS of 1- or 2-mA was applied to the left prefrontal cortex on three consecutive days, and resting CBF was quantified before and after stimulation using the arterial spin labeling MRI and then compared with a group that received sham stimulation. A widespread decreased CBF was found in a group receiving sham stimulation across the three post-stimulation measures when compared with baseline. In contrast, only slight decreases were observed in the group receiving 2-mA stimulation in the second and third post-stimulation measurements, but more prominent increased CBF was observed across several brain regions including the locus coeruleus (LC). The LC is an integral region in the production of norepinephrine and the noradrenergic system, and an increased norepinephrine/noradrenergic activity could explain the various behavioral findings from the anodal prefrontal tDCS. A decreased CBF was observed in the 1-mA group across the first two post-stimulation measurements, similar to the sham group. This decreased CBF was apparent in only a few small clusters in the third post-stimulation scan but was accompanied by an increased CBF, indicating that the neural effects of stimulation may persist for at least 24 h and that the repeated stimulation may produce cumulative effects.

Published
2021

4. Cognitive Performance After Repeated Exposure to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) During Sleep Deprivation

Author

McIntire, Lindsey K., Andy McKinley, R., Goodyear, Chuck, McIntire, John P., Nelson, Justin M., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Arezes, Pedro M., editor, and Boring, Ronald L., editor

Published
2020
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10. Design of a mechanically actuated RF grounding system for the ITER ICRH antenna

Author

Hancock, D, Shannon, M, Beaumont, B, Dumortier, P, Durodie, F, Kyrytsya, V, Louche, F, McKinley, R, Nicholls, K, and Team, the CYCLE

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

In the ITER equatorial ports containing ICRH antennas, parasitic electrical resonances can be excited in the nominal 20 mm clearance gap between the port walls and the plug contained within it. RF calculations have established that these resonances can be effectively mitigated by a series of suitably located electrically conducting contacts between the port and plug. These contacts must allow installation and removal of the antenna but must also make reliable electrical contact during antenna operation. In addition, the contacts must be compliant enough to survive deflection of the port during seismic and disruption events without transmitting large forces to the vacuum vessel. The distance to be spanned is subject to significant uncertainty, due to the large manufacturing tolerances of the surrounding components, and this also must be considered during the design process. This paper outlines progress made in the design of the grounding system, as well as detailing a number of concepts which have been investigated and abandoned, leading up to the current reference design. The current reference design is a simple and robust mechanical solution consisting of sprung Copper-plated Inconel flaps which use part of the range of the shimming system included in the antenna design as the actuation mechanism. This paper also details practical testing of a number of aspects of the design, including building and testing a prototype to validate mechanical and thermal analyses., Comment: 4 pages, 11 figures

Published
2013
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30. Temperature and food-ration optimization in the hatchery culture of juveniles of the Pacific geoduck Panopea generosa

Author

Arney, Bianca, Liu, Wenshan, Forster, Ian, McKinley, R. Scott, and Pearce, Christopher M.

Subjects
Fish-culture, Clams -- Food and nutrition -- Physiological aspects -- Growth, Aquaculture, Company growth, Biological sciences, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

ABSTRACT This research examined the individual effects of temperature and ration on growth and survival of juveniles of the Pacific geoduck Panopea generosa Gould, 1850, in two separate experiments. Growth [...]

Published
2015
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