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Your search keyword '"McKenzie Skiles, S."' showing total 13 results
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13 results on '"McKenzie Skiles, S."'

2. Synoptic Analysis and WRF‐Chem Model Simulation of Dust Events in the Southwestern United States.

Author

Dhital, Saroj, Webb, Nicholas P., Chappell, Adrian, Kaplan, Michael L., Nauman, Travis W., Tyree, Gayle, Duniway, Michael C., Edwards, Brandon, LeGrand, Sandra L., Letcher, Theodore W., McKenzie Skiles, S., Naple, Patrick, Chaney, Nathaniel W., and Cai, Jiaxuan

Subjects
JET streams, WIND erosion, DUST, CHEMICAL models, RANGELANDS, METEOROLOGICAL research, WEATHER forecasting, RANGE management
Abstract

Dust transported from rangelands of the Southwestern United States (US) to mountain snowpack in the Upper Colorado River Basin during spring (March‐May) forces earlier and faster snowmelt, which creates problems for water resources and agriculture. To better understand the drivers of dust events, we investigated large‐scale meteorology responsible for organizing two Southwest US dust events from two different dominant geographic locations: (a) the Colorado Plateau and (b) the northern Chihuahuan Desert. High‐resolution Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Chemistry model (WRF‐Chem) simulations with the Air Force Weather Agency dust emission scheme incorporating a MODIS albedo‐based drag‐partition was used to explore land surface‐atmosphere interactions driving two dust events. We identified commonalities in their meteorological setups. The meteorological analyses revealed that Polar and Sub‐tropical jet stream interaction was a common upper‐level meteorological feature before each of the two dust events. When the two jet streams merged, a strong northeast‐directed pressure gradient upstream and over the source areas resulted in strong near‐surface winds, which lifted available dust into the atmosphere. Concurrently, a strong mid‐tropospheric flow developed over the dust source areas, which transported dust to the San Juan Mountains and southern Colorado snowpack. The WRF‐Chem simulations reproduced both dust events, indicating that the simulations represented the dust sources that contributed to dust‐on‐snow events reasonably well. The representativeness of the simulated dust emission and transport in different geographic and meteorological conditions with our use of albedo‐based drag partition provides a basis for additional dust‐on‐snow simulations to assess the hydrologic impact in the Southwest US. Plain Language Summary: Dust transported from rangelands of the Southwestern United States (US) to the mountain snowpack in the Upper Colorado River Basin during spring (March–May) is a growing problem for water resources and agriculture. Understanding the drivers of dust events is essential to better forecast the possible impact of dust on water resources. We investigated the weather conditions that led to two dust events originating from the Colorado Plateau and northern Chihuahuan Desert. We also performed computer simulations with an improved dust emission model to explore the influence of vegetation on the susceptibility of landscapes to wind erosion during dust events. Our meteorological analysis revealed commonalities in the upper‐level meteorology before dust event formation and provided valuable insights into where and when high‐impact dust events may occur. However, further investigation is needed to generalize the impact of jet stream interaction on dust events' intensity. Our simulations represented the dust sources reasonably well by using an improved dust emission model. The improved dust emission and transport simulation under different meteorological and geographical conditions provided a basis for future dust‐on‐snow simulations to assess the hydrological impact in the Southwestern US. Key Points: Large‐scale meteorological analysis and dust emission and transport simulation of Southwest US dust‐on‐snow eventsPolar and Sub‐tropical jet stream interaction was a common upper‐level meteorological feature to Southwest US dust eventsSimulated dust source areas on the Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert reflect observed dust emission hot spots [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Bio-optical Properties of Terrestrial Snow and Ice

Author

Cook, Joseph, Flanner, Mark, Williamson, Christopher, McKenzie Skiles, S., Kokhanovsky, Alexander, Series Editor, Henning, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Kattawar, George, Editorial Board Member, Kopelevich, Oleg, Editorial Board Member, Liou, Kuo-Nan, Editorial Board Member, Mishchenko, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Perelman, Lev, Editorial Board Member, Stamnes, Knut, Editorial Board Member, Stephens, Graeme, Editorial Board Member, van Tiggelen, Bart, Editorial Board Member, and Tomasi, Claudio, Editorial Board Member

Published
2019
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5. Evaluation and Optimization of Snow Albedo Scheme in Noah-MP Land Surface Model Using In Situ Spectral Observations in the Colorado Rockies

Author

Abolafia-Rosenzweig, Ronnie, He, Cenlin, McKenzie Skiles, S., Chen, Fei, Gochis, David, Abolafia-Rosenzweig, Ronnie, He, Cenlin, McKenzie Skiles, S., Chen, Fei, and Gochis, David

Abstract

The Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) ground snow albedo algorithm is commonly used in land-surface models (LSM), weather forecasting and research applications. This study addresses key uncertainties in BATS simulated ground snow albedo within the Noah-MP LSM framework through evaluation and optimization of the Noah-MP BATS ground snow albedo formulation using 2-band (visible and near-infrared (NIR)) in situ albedo observations at Rocky Mountain field stations. The Noah-MP BATS ground snow albedo scheme is extremely sensitive to its input parameters. Namely, an ensemble generated by varying BATS input parameters within potentially plausible ranges provides an average daily range (maximum ensemble member minus minimum ensemble member) of ground snow albedo exceeding 0.45 in visible and NIR bands. Parameter optimization improves agreement between simulated and in situ observed ground snow albedo in visible, NIR and broadband spectrums. Importantly, optimized parameters result in reduced biases relative to observed fresh-snow albedo and better agreement with observed albedo decay. Our analysis across different sites supports that the optimized BATS ground snow albedo parameters are appropriate to transfer in space and time, at least within the region studied (the central-southern Rocky Mountains). The primary error source remaining after parameter optimization is that observed fresh-snow albedo is highly variable, particularly in the NIR spectrum, whereas BATS fresh-snow albedo is constant, an issue which requires further investigation. This study shows significant correlations between observed fresh-snow albedo and surface meteorological conditions (e.g., downward shortwave radiation and temperature) which can support future model development that attempts to include a time-varying formulation for fresh-snow albedo. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union.

Published
2022

7. High Mountain Areas

Author

Hock, R, Rasul, G., Adler, C., Cáceres, B., Gruber, S., Hirabayashi, Y., Jackson, M., Kääb, A., Kang, S., Kutuzov, S., Milner, A., Molau, U., Morin, S., Orlove, B., Steltzer, H., Allen, S., Arenson, L., Baneerjee, S., Barr, I., Bórquez, R., Brown, L., Cao, B., Carey, M., Cogley, G., Fischlin, A., de Sherbinin, A., Eckert, N., Geertsema, M., Hagenstad, M., Honsberg, M., Hood, E., Huss, M., Jimenez Zamora, E., Kotlarski, S., Lefeuvre, P-M, Ignacio López Moreno, J., Lundquist, J., McDowell, G., Mills, S., Mou, C., Nepal, S., Noetzli, J., Palazzi, E., Pepin, N., Rixen, C., Shahgedanova, M., McKenzie Skiles, S., Vincent, C., Viviroli, D., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Yangjee Sherpa, P., Weyer, N., Wouters, B., Yasunari, T., You, Q., Zhang, Y, Kaser, Georg, and Mukherji, Aditi

Subjects
componentes, equilibrio ácido-básico, Climate Research, tampón, del organismo, respiratorio y metabólico del, Klimatforskning
Abstract

The cryosphere (including, snow, glaciers, permafrost, lake and river ice) is an integral element of high- mountain regions, which are home to roughly 10% of the global population. Widespread cryosphere changes affect physical, biological and human systems in the mountains and surrounding lowlands, with impacts evident even in the ocean. Building on the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), this chapter assesses new evidence on observed recent and projected changes in the mountain cryosphere as well as associated impacts, risks and adaptation measures related to natural and human systems. Impacts in response to climate changes independently of changes in the cryosphere are not assessed in this chapter. Polar mountains are included in Chapter 3, except those in Alaska and adjacent Yukon, Iceland, and Scandinavia, which are included in this chapter.

Published
2019

8. High Mountain Areas

Author

Kaser, Georg, Mukherji, Aditi, Hock, Regine, Rasul, Golam, Adler, Carolina, Cáceres, Bolívar, Gruber, Stephan, Hirabayashi, Yukiko, Jackson, Miriam, Kääb, Andreas, Kang, Shichang, Kutuzov, Stanislav, Milner, Alexander, Molau, Ulf, Morin, Samuel, Orlove, Ben, Steltzer, Heidi, Allen, Simon, Arenson, Lukas, Baneerjee, Soumyadeep, Barr, Iestyn, Bórquez, Roxana, Brown, Lee, Cao, Bin, Carey, Mark, Cogley, Graham, Fischlin, Andreas, de Sherbinin, Alex, Eckert, Nicolas, Geertsema, Marten, Hagenstad, Marca, Honsberg, Martin, Hood, Eran, Huss, Matthias, Jimenez Zamora, Elizabeth, Kotlarski, Sven, Lefeuvre, Pierre-Marie, Ignacio López Moreno, Juan, Lundquist, Jessica, McDowell, Graham, Mills, Scott, Mou, Cuicui, Nepal, Santosh, Noetzli, Jeannette, Palazzi, Elisa, Pepin, Nick, Rixen, Christian, Shahgedanova, Maria, McKenzie Skiles, S, Vincent, Christian, Viviroli, Daniel, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa, Yangjee Sherpa, Pasang, Weyer, Nora, Wouters, Bert, Yasunari, Teppei, You, Qinglong, Zhang, Yangjiang, Kaser, Georg, Mukherji, Aditi, Hock, Regine, Rasul, Golam, Adler, Carolina, Cáceres, Bolívar, Gruber, Stephan, Hirabayashi, Yukiko, Jackson, Miriam, Kääb, Andreas, Kang, Shichang, Kutuzov, Stanislav, Milner, Alexander, Molau, Ulf, Morin, Samuel, Orlove, Ben, Steltzer, Heidi, Allen, Simon, Arenson, Lukas, Baneerjee, Soumyadeep, Barr, Iestyn, Bórquez, Roxana, Brown, Lee, Cao, Bin, Carey, Mark, Cogley, Graham, Fischlin, Andreas, de Sherbinin, Alex, Eckert, Nicolas, Geertsema, Marten, Hagenstad, Marca, Honsberg, Martin, Hood, Eran, Huss, Matthias, Jimenez Zamora, Elizabeth, Kotlarski, Sven, Lefeuvre, Pierre-Marie, Ignacio López Moreno, Juan, Lundquist, Jessica, McDowell, Graham, Mills, Scott, Mou, Cuicui, Nepal, Santosh, Noetzli, Jeannette, Palazzi, Elisa, Pepin, Nick, Rixen, Christian, Shahgedanova, Maria, McKenzie Skiles, S, Vincent, Christian, Viviroli, Daniel, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa, Yangjee Sherpa, Pasang, Weyer, Nora, Wouters, Bert, Yasunari, Teppei, You, Qinglong, and Zhang, Yangjiang

Abstract

The cryosphere (including, snow, glaciers, permafrost, lake and river ice) is an integral element of high-mountain regions, which are home to roughly 10% of the global population. Widespread cryosphere changes affect physical, biological and human systems in the mountains and surrounding lowlands, with impacts evident even in the ocean. Building on the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), this chapter assesses new evidence on observed recent and projected changes in the mountain cryosphere as well as associated impacts, risks and adaptation measures related to natural and human systems. Impacts in response to climate changes independently of changes in the cryosphere are not assessed in this chapter. Polar mountains are included in Chapter 3, except those in Alaska and adjacent Yukon, Iceland, and Scandinavia, which are included in this chapter.

Published
2019

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