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Road collision types repeat themselves, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where countermeasures are often improvised and implemented with little planning. At the Shahbag intersection in Dhaka, Bangladesh, speed bumps were quickly constructed at the exit of the intersection as an improvised road safety measure following the occurrence of a fatal collision, which eventually contributed to another collision between a truck and a car. The events influencing the improvisation decision, and that action's consequences, have been analysed using the Impromap methodology, a variation of the Accimap approach that focusses specifically on improvisation. The applicability of the Impromap as a systems-based approach to the road safety domain is assessed using the predictions described in Rasmussen's risk management framework, and corresponding countermeasures are proposed. The analysis shows that improvisation in the road safety domain is undesirable irrespective of the economic setting as it is likely to eventually contribute to secondary collisions. Practitioner summary: In this paper, the events influencing the improvisation decision following a road crash, and that action's consequences, have been analysed using the Impromap methodology. The applicability of Impromap as a systems-based approach in road safety domain is assessed using the Rasmussen's risk management framework-based predictions, and corresponding countermeasures are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate novices learning to use a mission planning system. Novice participants received one training session, followed by three test sessions. This was compared to expert performance. During the test sessions, all participants were required to "think aloud", based on Ericsson and Simon's (Ericsson, K.A. and Simon, H.A., 1993. "Protocol analysis: verbal reports as data." Revised ed. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press) description of the technique. Objective measures of time to complete the task, number of errors made, mouse travel and number of mouse clicks were also recorded. It was hypothesised that error, time and mouse data would reflect the acquisition of skill and improved problem-solving abilities. The verbal data were analysed in an exploratory fashion to see what changes individuals experienced. The results of the study showed that participants acquired a level of skill across sessions, and that the cognitive processes reflected in the verbal protocols changed as a function of this skill acquisition. These changes in cognitive processing mirrored a number of the differences between novices and experts. (Contains 2 figures and 5 tables.)