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Interpreters work with health care professionals to overcome language challenges during sexual and reproductive (SRH) health discussions with people from refugee backgrounds. Disclosures of traumatic refugee journeys and sexual assault combined with refugees’ unfamiliarity with Western health concepts and service provision can increase the interpreting challenges. Published literature provides general guidance on working with interpreters in primary care but few studies focus on interpretation in refugee SRH consults. To address this, we explored the challenges faced by providers of refugee services (PRS) during interpreter mediated SRH consultations with Burma born refugees post settlement in Australia. We used qualitative methodology and interviewed 29 PRS involved with migrants from Burma including general practitioners, nurses, interpreters, bilingual social workers, and administrative staff. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and subjected to thematic analysis following independent coding by the members of the research team. Key themes were formulated after a consensus discussion. The theme of “interpretation related issues” was identified with six sub-themes including 1) privacy and confidentiality 2) influence of interpreter’s identity 3) gender matching of the interpreter 4) family member vs. professional interpreters 5) telephone vs. face-to-face interpreting 6) setting up the consultation room. When faced with these interpretation related challenges in providing SRH services to people from refugee backgrounds, health care providers combine best practice advice, experience-based knowledge and “mundane creativity” to adapt to the needs of the specific patients. The complexity of interpreted SRH consultations in refugee settings needs to be appreciated in making good judgments when choosing the best way to optimize communication. This paper identifies the critical elements which could be incorporated when making such a judgement. Future research

Coastal sediments accumulate metals from anthropogenic sources and as a consequence industry is required to monitor sediment health. The total concentration of a metal does not necessarily reflect its potential toxicity or biological impact, so biological assessment tools are useful for monitoring. Rapid biological assessment tools sensitive enough to detect relatively small increases in metal concentrations would provide early warning of future ecosystem impact. The authors investigated in situ populations of Archaea and Bacteria as potential tools for rapid biological assessment in sediment at 4 northern Australian coastal locations over 2 yr, in both wet and dry seasons. The 1 M HCl-extractable concentrations of metals in sediment were measured, and Archaeal and Bacterial community profiles were obtained by next-generation sequencing of sediment deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Species response curves were used to identify several taxonomic groups with potential as biological indicators of metal impact. Spatial variation, sediment grain size, water depth, and dissolved oxygen also correlated with microbial population shifts. Seasonal variation was less important than geographic location. Metal-challenge culture trials supported the identification of metal-resistant and -sensitive taxa. In situ Archaea and Bacteria are potentially sensitive indicators for changes in bioavailable concentrations of metals; however, the complexity of the system suggests it is important to identify metal-specific functional genes that may be informed by these sequencing surveys, and thus provide a useful addition to identity-based assays.

The efficient, controlled polymerization of a batch of new poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-furfuryl methacrylate)s, [poly(HEMA-co-FMA)], of various compositions was achieved using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in methanol. When the FMA composition did not exceed the 10 mol% ratio, the evolution of molecular weight with conversion was linear, and polydispersities were around 1.1 for polymerization reactions at 15 °C and around 1.3-1.4 at 25 °C, indicating good control over the polymerization process. HEMA-based hydrogels were obtained by means of the Diels-Alder reaction between poly(HEMA-co-FMA) and an hydrophilic bisdienophile. Gelification was monitored by diffusion-filtered 1H NMR and solution 1H NMR spectroscopy. Modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) suggests the thermo-reversibility of the Diels-Alder coupling reaction of HEMA polymeric networks. Rheological studies showed that the linear viscoelasticity functions of hydrogels were influenced by the chemical composition.

AXES, Access for Audiovisual Archives, is a research project developing tools for new engaging ways to interact with audiovisual libraries, integrating advanced audio and video analysis technologies. The presented prototype is targeted at academic researchers and journalists. The tool allows them to search and retrieve video segments through metadata, audio analysis, as well as visual concepts and similarity searches. Presented here is a user-based vision on the research-oriented tool provided by AXES.

The recent emergence of user generated content requires new content creation tools that will be both easy to learn and easy to use. These new tools should enable the user to construct new high-quality content with minimum effort; it is essential to allow existing multimedia content to be reused as building blocks when creating new content. In this work we present a new tool for automatically constructing virtual worlds with minimum user intervention. Users can create these worlds by drawing a simple sketch, or by using interactively segmented 2D objects from larger images. The system receives as a query the sketch or the segmented image, and uses it to find similar 3D models that are stored in a Content Centric Network. The user selects a suitable model from the retrieved models, and the system uses it to automatically construct a virtual 3D world.

A lateral tibial head buttress plate designed for human beings was used to repair a highly comminuted tibial fracture in a two-year-old male labrador retriever caused by a gunshot wound. The plate was placed in a bridging fashion to provide minimal disruption of the fracture site and minimise surgical time. THE lateral tibial head buttress (LTHB) plate is a tibial plate used in human beings. It has an expanded metaphyseal section to improve the fixation of the tibial plateau. It has also been used to repair supracondylar femoral fractures (Schatzker and Tile 1996) and distal humeral shaft fractures (Levy and others 2005). It is 3·8 mm thick and 14 mm wide. The plate is available with a curved right or left proximal flare with a maximum width of 26 mm. The flared portion of the plate is designed to correspond to the proximal aspect of the human tibia, and contains one oval and three round screw holes so that the plate can be applied in compression. The plate is available with five to 13 shaft holes. Its use in dogs has been reported in the repair of supracondylar and distal femoral fractures (Dueland and VanEnkevort 1995, Glyde and others 2003). Gunshot injuries can cause extensive bony and soft tissue trauma as a result of crushing and laceration, the generation of shock waves, cavitation, and the formation of secondary missiles consisting of bone fragments. These cause major vascular and soft tissue damage, resulting in long healing times. The fixation of gunshot fractures requires rigid, long-lasting stabilisation. This paper reports the use of an LTHB plate in the repair of a tibial fracture in a dog.