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1. Review of foundational concepts and emerging directions in metamaterial research: Design, phenomena, and applications

Author

Holliman Jr, Jade E., Schaef, H. Todd, McGrail, B. Peter, and Miller, Quin R. S.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

In the past two decades, artificial structures known as metamaterials have been found to exhibit extraordinary material properties that enable the unprecedented manipulation of electromagnetic waves, elastic waves, molecules, and particles. Phenomena such as negative refraction, bandgaps, near perfect wave absorption, wave focusing, negative Poissons ratio, negative thermal conductivity, etc., all are possible with these materials. Metamaterials were originally theorized and fabricated in electrodynamics, but research into their applications has expanded into acoustics, thermodynamics, seismology, classical mechanics, and mass transport. In this Research Update we summarize the history, current state of progress, and emerging directions of metamaterials by field, focusing the unifying principles at the foundation of each discipline. We discuss the different designs and mechanisms behind metamaterials as well as the governing equations and effective material parameters for each field. Also, current and potential applications for metamaterials are discussed. Finally, we provide an outlook on future progress in the emerging field of metamaterials., Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, 1 table

Published
2022

9. Review of foundational concepts and emerging directions in metamaterial research: Design, phenomena, and applications

Author

Holliman, Jade E., Schaef, H. Todd, McGrail, B. Peter, and Miller, Quin R. S.

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Physics - Applied Physics, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

In the past two decades, artificial structures known as metamaterials have been found to exhibit extraordinary material properties that enable the unprecedented manipulation of electromagnetic waves, elastic waves, molecules, and particles. Phenomena such as negative refraction, bandgaps, near perfect wave absorption, wave focusing, negative Poissons ratio, negative thermal conductivity, etc., all are possible with these materials. Metamaterials were originally theorized and fabricated in electrodynamics, but research into their applications has expanded into acoustics, thermodynamics, seismology, classical mechanics, and mass transport. In this Research Update we summarize the history, current state of progress, and emerging directions of metamaterials by field, focusing the unifying principles at the foundation of each discipline. We discuss the different designs and mechanisms behind metamaterials as well as the governing equations and effective material parameters for each field. Also, current and potential applications for metamaterials are discussed. Finally, we provide an outlook on future progress in the emerging field of metamaterials., 22 pages, 3 figures, 1 table

Published
2022

26. Inside Cover: Porous Covalent Organic Polymers for Efficient Fluorocarbon‐Based Adsorption Cooling (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 33/2021)

Author

Zheng, Jian, primary, Wahiduzzaman, Mohammad, additional, Barpaga, Dushyant, additional, Trump, Benjamin A., additional, Gutiérrez, Oliver Y., additional, Thallapally, Praveen, additional, Ma, Shengqian, additional, McGrail, B. Peter, additional, Maurin, Guillaume, additional, and Motkuri, Radha Kishan, additional

Published
2021
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29. Prediction of diffusion coefficients in porous media using tortuosity factor based on interfacial areas

Author

Saripalli, K. Prasad, Serne, R. Jeffery, Meyer, Philip D., and McGrail, B. Peter

Subjects
Hydrogeology -- Research, Water, Underground -- Management -- Research, Hydrology -- Research, Solute transport (Hydrology) -- Research, Earth sciences, Company business management, Management, Research
Abstract

Determination of aqueous phase diffusion coefficients of solutes through porous media is essential for understanding and modeling contaminant transport. Prediction of diffusion coefficients in both saturated and unsaturated zones requires knowledge of tortuosity and constrictivity factors. No methods are available for the direct measurement of these factors, which are empirical in their definition. In this paper, a new definition for the tortuosity factor is proposed, as the real to ideal interfacial area ratio. We define the tortuosity factor for saturated porous media ([τ.sub.s]) as the ratio S/[S.sub.o] (specific surface of real porous medium to that of an idealized capillary bundle). For unsaturated media, tortuosity factor ([τ.sub.a]) is defined as [a.sub.aw]/[a.sub.aw,o] (ratio of the specific air-water interfacial area of real and the corresponding idealized porous medium). This tortuosity factor is suitably measured using sorptive tracers (e.g., nitrogen adsorption method) for saturated media and interfacial tracers for unsaturated media. A model based on this new definition of tortuosity factors, termed the interfacial area ratio (IAR) model, is presented for the prediction of diffusion coefficients as a function of the degree of water saturation. Diffusion coefficients and diffusive resistances measured in a number of saturated and unsaturated granular porous media, for solutes in dilute aqueous solutions, agree well with the predictions of the IAR model. A comparison of permeability of saturated sands estimated based on [τ.sub.s] and the same based on the Kozeny-Carman equation confirm the usefulness of the [τ.sub.s] parameter as a measure of tortuosity., Introduction In the absence of significant advective flux, diffusion is an important mechanism for the transport of solutes through the saturated and vadose zones and through engineered porous materials, such [...]

Published
2002

36. Quantification of CO2 Mineralization at the Wallula Basalt Pilot Project

Author

White, Signe K., Spane, Frank A., Schaef, H. Todd, Miller, Quin R. S., White, Mark D., Horner, Jake A., McGrail, B. Peter, White, Signe K., Spane, Frank A., Schaef, H. Todd, Miller, Quin R. S., White, Mark D., Horner, Jake A., and McGrail, B. Peter

Abstract

In 2013, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory led a geologic carbon sequestration field demonstration where ∼1000 tonnes of CO2 was injected into several deep Columbia River Basalt zones near Wallula, Washington. Rock core samples extracted from the injection zone two years after CO2 injection revealed nascent carbonate mineralization that was qualitatively consistent with expectations from laboratory experiments and reactive transport modeling. Here, we report on a new detailed analysis of the 2012 pre-injection and 2015 post-injection hydrologic tests that capitalizes on the difference in fluid properties between scCO2 and water to assess changes in near-field, wellbore, and reservoir conditions that are apparent approximately two years following the end of injection. This comparative hydrologic test analysis method provides a new way to quantify the amount of injected CO2 that was mineralized in the field test. Modeling results indicate that approximately 60% of the injected CO2 was sequestered via mineralization within two years, with the resulting carbonates occupying ∼4% of the available reservoir pore space. The method presented here provides a new monitoring tool to assess the fate of CO2 injected into chemically reactive basalt formations but could also be adapted for long-term monitoring and verification within more traditional subsurface carbon storage reservoirs.

Published
2020
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37. Molecular Insight into Fluorocarbon Adsorption in Pore Expanded Metal–Organic Framework Analogs

Author

Zheng, Jian, primary, Barpaga, Dushyant, additional, Trump, Benjamin A., additional, Shetty, Manish, additional, Fan, Yanzhong, additional, Bhattacharya, Papri, additional, Jenks, Jeromy J., additional, Su, Cheng-Yong, additional, Brown, Craig M., additional, Maurin, Guillaume, additional, McGrail, B. Peter, additional, and Motkuri, Radha Kishan, additional

Published
2020
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41. Toward Polarization-Switched Molecular Pumps

Author

Polikarpov, Evgueni, primary, Fernandez, Carlos A., additional, Coffey, Gregory W., additional, Nune, Satish K., additional, Karkamkar, Abhijeet, additional, Garcia, Benjamin J., additional, Lemmon, Teresa, additional, McGrail, B. Peter, additional, Roberts, John A., additional, and Koech, Phillip K., additional

Published
2019
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43. Natural, incidental, and engineered nanomaterials and their impacts on the Earth system

Author

Hochella, Michael F., primary, Mogk, David W., additional, Ranville, James, additional, Allen, Irving C., additional, Luther, George W., additional, Marr, Linsey C., additional, McGrail, B. Peter, additional, Murayama, Mitsu, additional, Qafoku, Nikolla P., additional, Rosso, Kevin M., additional, Sahai, Nita, additional, Schroeder, Paul A., additional, Vikesland, Peter, additional, Westerhoff, Paul, additional, and Yang, Yi, additional

Published
2019
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47. Natural, incidental, and engineered nanomaterials and their impacts on the Earth system

Author

Hochella, Michael F. Jr., Mogk, David W., Ranville, James, Allen, Irving C., Luther, George W., Marr, Linsey C., McGrail, B. Peter, Murayama, Mitsuhiro, Qafoku, Nikolla P., Rosso, Kevin M., Sahai, Nita, Schroeder, Paul A., Vikesland, Peter J., Westerhoff, Paul, Yang, Yi, Hochella, Michael F. Jr., Mogk, David W., Ranville, James, Allen, Irving C., Luther, George W., Marr, Linsey C., McGrail, B. Peter, Murayama, Mitsuhiro, Qafoku, Nikolla P., Rosso, Kevin M., Sahai, Nita, Schroeder, Paul A., Vikesland, Peter J., Westerhoff, Paul, and Yang, Yi

Abstract

Nanomaterials are critical components in the Earth system's past, present, and future characteristics and behavior. They have been present since Earth's origin in great abundance. Life, from the earliest cells to modern humans, has evolved in intimate association with naturally occurring nanomaterials. This synergy began to shift considerably with human industrialization. Particularly since the Industrial Revolution some two-and-a-half centuries ago, incidental nanomaterials (produced unintentionally by human activity) have been continuously produced and distributed worldwide. In some areas, they now rival the amount of naturally occurring nanomaterials. In the past half-century, engineered nanomaterials have been produced in very small amounts relative to the other two types of nanomaterials, but still in large enough quantities to make them a consequential component of the planet. All nanomaterials, regardless of their origin, have distinct chemical and physical properties throughout their size range, clearly setting them apart from their macroscopic equivalents and necessitating careful study. Following major advances in experimental, computational, analytical, and field approaches, it is becoming possible to better assess and understand all types and origins of nanomaterials in the Earth system. It is also now possible to frame their immediate and long-term impact on environmental and human health at local, regional, and global scales.

Published
2019
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48. Natural, incidental, and engineered nanomaterials and their impacts on the Earth system

Author

Civil and Environmental Engineering, Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Geosciences, Materials Science and Engineering, Hochella, Michael F. Jr., Mogk, David W., Ranville, James, Allen, Irving C., Luther, George W., Marr, Linsey C., McGrail, B. Peter, Murayama, Mitsuhiro, Qafoku, Nikolla P., Rosso, Kevin M., Sahai, Nita, Schroeder, Paul A., Vikesland, Peter J., Westerhoff, Paul, Yang, Yi, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Geosciences, Materials Science and Engineering, Hochella, Michael F. Jr., Mogk, David W., Ranville, James, Allen, Irving C., Luther, George W., Marr, Linsey C., McGrail, B. Peter, Murayama, Mitsuhiro, Qafoku, Nikolla P., Rosso, Kevin M., Sahai, Nita, Schroeder, Paul A., Vikesland, Peter J., Westerhoff, Paul, and Yang, Yi

Abstract

Nanomaterials are critical components in the Earth system's past, present, and future characteristics and behavior. They have been present since Earth's origin in great abundance. Life, from the earliest cells to modern humans, has evolved in intimate association with naturally occurring nanomaterials. This synergy began to shift considerably with human industrialization. Particularly since the Industrial Revolution some two-and-a-half centuries ago, incidental nanomaterials (produced unintentionally by human activity) have been continuously produced and distributed worldwide. In some areas, they now rival the amount of naturally occurring nanomaterials. In the past half-century, engineered nanomaterials have been produced in very small amounts relative to the other two types of nanomaterials, but still in large enough quantities to make them a consequential component of the planet. All nanomaterials, regardless of their origin, have distinct chemical and physical properties throughout their size range, clearly setting them apart from their macroscopic equivalents and necessitating careful study. Following major advances in experimental, computational, analytical, and field approaches, it is becoming possible to better assess and understand all types and origins of nanomaterials in the Earth system. It is also now possible to frame their immediate and long-term impact on environmental and human health at local, regional, and global scales.

Published
2019

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