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203 results on '"McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)"'

1. Trace Metal Dynamics in a Tropical Mangrove Tidal Creek: Influence of Porewater Seepage (Can Gio, Vietnam)

Author

Thanh-Nho, N., Marchand, Cyril, Strady, Emilie, Vinh, T. V., Taillardat, P., Cong-Hau, N., Nhu-Trang, T. T., Nguyen Tat Thanh University [Vietnam] (NTTU), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Asiatique de Recherche sur l'Eau CARE-HCMUT, Vietnam, HCMUT, Nong Lam University [Hô-Chi-Minh] (NLU), Research Centre on the Dynamics of the Earth System (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Nong Lam University [Hô-Chi-Minh], and Concordia University [Montreal]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)

Subjects
mangrove, Vietnam, tidal creek, partitioning, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, trace metals, monsoon
Abstract

International audience; Mangrove soils are considered as sinks for trace metals, protecting coastal waters from pollutions. However, the cycling of trace metals in mangroves is complex due to various biogeochemical processes across the intertidal zone, notably the dissolution of bearing phases resulting in high trace metal concentrations in porewaters. Previous studies demonstrated a decrease of trace metal stocks in mangrove soils seaward, possibly due to the export of dissolved metals through tidal pumping. Can Gio mangrove is the largest one in Vietnam, developing downstream Ho Chi Minh City (Viet Nam's biggest industrial city). The objectives of the present study were to characterize the dynamics of trace metals in a tidal creek of the Can Gio mangrove that does not receive any upstream inputs and to identify the role of porewater seepage on their dynamics. To reach our goals, surface water and suspended particulate matters were collected every 2 h during two different tidal cycles (spring and neap tides) and at the two different seasons, dry and wet. Mangroves porewaters were also collected. In addition to particulate and dissolved trace metals, physico-chemical parameters and a groundwater tracer (Radon-222 Rn) were measured. The results showed that trace metal concentrations at flood tides, both in the dissolved and the particulate phases, were in the same range that those measured in the Can Gio Estuary. Then during ebb tides, we evidenced high inputs of dissolved Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni from mangrove soils. However, the dynamics of these inputs differed depending on the element considered. Mn was exported from the tidal creek in its dissolved form. However concerning Fe, and to a lesser extent Co and Ni, we suggest that, when delivered to the creek from the soils under dissolved forms, these trace metals precipitated because of different physicochemical characteristics between mangrove soils and tidal creek, notably higher dissolved oxygen concentrations and higher pH. Consequently, these elements were exported to the estuary in particulate forms. We suggest that budget studies of trace metals in mangroves should be developed like the ones concerning carbon to efficiently determine their role as a barrier for pollutants between land and sea.

Published
2020
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2. Influence of Cu adatoms on the molecular assembly of 4,4′-bipyridine on Cu(111)

Author

Frank Palmino, Alain Rochefort, Sebastien Gauthier, Marc Dubois, Xavier Bouju, Oliver Guillermet, Gaolei Zhan, Younes Makoudi, Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Groupe NanoSciences (CEMES-GNS), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Scanning tunneling spectroscopy, Supramolecular chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bipyridine, law, Molecule, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, 4,4'-Bipyridine, Crystallography, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Density functional theory, Scanning tunneling microscope, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; The formation of highly organized structures based on two ligands with pyridyl functionalities, 4,4′-bipyridine (BPY) and 1,4-di(4,4′′-pyridyl) benzene (BPYB), and Cu adatoms on the Cu(111) surface has been studied with low temperature and variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and first-principles calculations. We show that the formation of a highly organized adlayer built from adatom–molecule and molecule–molecule units strongly depends on the number of mobile Cu atoms on the surface. While a high concentration of Cu adatoms (high adatom/BPY ratio, ≥1) leads systematically to the formation of organometallic nanolines, their absence (low adatom/BPY ratio, ≈0) gives a compact self-assembled molecular network, and more specifically hydrogen-bond networks (HBN) with BPY molecules organized in a T-shaped fashion. Alternatively, an intermediate concentration of Cu adatoms (0 < adatom/BPY < 1) allows the formation of a well-organized and compact structure where both organometallic and HBN components coexist. Although STM images cannot clearly reveal the presence of Cu adatoms within the organometallic moiety, the bonding of BPY to a single or two Cu adatoms can be clearly identified by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), and is supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) results. Additional STM simulations suggest that the relative position of the Cu adatom with respect to the organic ligands just above has a significant impact on its detection by STM. This study exemplifies the prominent role of metallic adatoms on the formation of a complex organometallic network and should open more rational practices to optimize the formation of these supramolecular networks

Published
2018
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3. Comparison between parallel transfer matrix method and admittance sum method

Author

Thomas Dupont, Philippe Leclaire, Saïd Elkoun, Kévin Verdière, Raymond Panneton, Département de génie mécanique [Sherbrooke], Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Laboratoire de Caractérisation des matériaux acoustiques-Groupe d'acoustique (LCMA-GAUS), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Département de Recherche en Ingéniérie des Véhicules pour l'Environnement (DRIVE), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Département de génie mécanique [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), and École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT)

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Admittance, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Anechoic chamber, Transmission loss, Transfer-matrix method (optics), Mathematical analysis, Air cavity, 01 natural sciences, Transfer matrix, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Attenuation coefficient, 0103 physical sciences, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 030223 otorhinolaryngology, 010301 acoustics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics
Abstract

International audience; A transfer matrix method to predict absorption coefficient and transmission loss of parallel assemblies of materials which can be expressed by a 2 × 2 transfer matrix was published recently. However, the usual method based on the sum of admittances is largely used to predict also surface admittance of parallel assemblies. This paper aims to highlight differences between both methods through three examples on a parallel assembly backed by (1) a rigid wall, (2) an air cavity, and (3) an anechoic termination.

Published
2014
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4. Heavy silicon isotopic composition of silicic acid and biogenic silica in Arctic waters over the Beaufort shelf and the Canada Basin

Author

Varela, D., Brzezinski, M., Beucher, C., Jones, J., Giesbrecht, K., Lansard, B., Mucci, A., British Columbia, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Victoria] (SEOS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology [Santa Barbara] (EEMB), University of California-University of California, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Research Centre on the Dynamics of the Earth System (GEOTOP), Concordia University [Montreal]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

International audience; The silicon isotopic composition of silicic acid (δ 30 Si(OH) 4) and biogenic silica (δ 30 Si-bSiO 2) were measured for the first time in marine Arctic waters from the Mackenzie River delta to the deep Canada Basin in the late summer of 2009. In the upper 100 m of the water column, δ 30 Si(OH) 4 signals (+1.82‰ to +3.08‰) were negatively correlated with the relative contribution of Mackenzie River water. The biogenic Si isotope fractionation factor estimated using an open system model, 30 ε = À0.97 ± 0.17‰, agrees well with laboratory and global-ocean estimates. Nevertheless, the δ 30 Si dynamics of this region may be better represented by closed system isotope models that yield lower values of 30 ε, between À0.33‰ and À0.41‰, depending on how the contribution of sea-ice diatoms is incorporated. In the upper 400 m, δ 30 Si-bSiO 2 values were among the heaviest ever measured in marine suspended bSiO 2 (+2.03‰ to +3.51‰). A positive correlation between δ 30 Si-bSiO 2 and sea-ice cover implies that heavy signals can result from isotopically heavy sea-ice diatoms introduced to pelagic assemblages. Below the surface bSiO 2 production zone, the δ 30 Si(OH) 4 distribution followed that of major water masses. Vertical δ 30 Si(OH) 4 profiles showed a minimum (average of +1.84 ± 0.10‰) in the upper halocline (125-200 m) composed of modified Pacific water and heavier average values (+2.04 ± 0.11‰) in Atlantic water (300-500 m deep). In the Canada Basin Deep Water (below 2000 m), δ 30 Si(OH) 4 averaged +1.88 ± 0.12‰, which represents the most positive value ever measured anywhere in the deep ocean. Since most Si(OH) 4 enters the Arctic from shallow depths in the Atlantic Ocean, heavy deep Arctic δ 30 Si(OH) 4 signals likely reflect the influx of relatively heavy intermediate Atlantic waters. A box model simulation of the global marine δ 30 Si(OH) 4 distribution successfully reproduced the observed patterns, with the δ 30 Si(OH) 4 of the simulated deep Arctic Ocean being the heaviest of all deep-ocean basins.

Published
2016
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5. Dissolved organic matter concentration and composition discontinuity at the peat–pool interface in a boreal peatland

Author

Antonin Prijac, Laure Gandois, Laurent Jeanneau, Pierre Taillardat, Michelle Garneau, Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique - GRIL (Montréal, Canada), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National University of Singapore (NUS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR, and HydroQuebec (RDCPJ 51421817)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Pools are common features of peatlands and can represent from 5 % to 50 % of the peatland ecosystem's surface area. Pools play an important role in the peatland carbon cycle by releasing carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere. However, the origin of this carbon is not well constrained. A hypothesis is that the majority of the carbon emitted from pools predominantly originates from mineralized allochthonous (i.e., plant-derived) dissolved organic matter (DOM) from peat rather than in situ primary production. To test this hypothesis, this study examined the origin, composition, and degradability of DOM in peat porewater and pools of an ombrotrophic boreal peatland in northeastern Quebec (Canada) for 2 years over the growing season. The temporal evolution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, the optical properties, molecular composition (THM-GC-MS), stable isotopic signature (δ13C-DOC), and degradability of DOM were determined. This study demonstrates that DOM, in both peat porewater and pools, presents a diverse composition and constitutes highly dynamic components of peatland ecosystems. The molecular and isotopic analyses showed that DOM in pools was derived from plants. However, DOM compositions in the two environments were markedly different. Peat porewater DOM was more aromatic, with a higher molecular weight and DOC : DON (dissolved organic nitrogen) ratio compared to pools. The temporal dynamics of DOC concentration and DOM composition also differed. In peat porewater, the DOC concentration followed a strong seasonal increase, starting from 9 mg L−1 and reaching a plateau above 20 mg L−1 in summer and autumn. This was explained by seasonal peatland vegetation productivity, which is greater than microbial DOM degradation. In pools, DOC concentration also increased but remained 2 times lower than in the peat porewaters at the end of the growing season (∼ 10 mg L−1). Those differences might be explained by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors. The limited hydraulic conductivity in deeper peat horizons and associated DOM residence time might have favored both DOM microbial transformation within the peat and the interaction of DOM aromatic compounds with the peat matrix, explaining part of the shift of DOM compositions between peat porewater and pools. This study did not report any photolability of DOM and only limited microbial degradability. Thus, it is likely that the DOM might have been microbially transformed at the interface between peat and pools. The combination of DOM quantitative and qualitative analyses presented in this study demonstrates that most of the carbon present within and released from the pools originates from peat vegetation. These results demonstrate that pools represent a key component of the peatland ecosystem ecological and biogeochemical functioning.

Published
2022
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6. Machine learning surrogate models for strain-dependent vibrational properties and migration rates of point defects

Author

Clovis Lapointe, Thomas D. Swinburne, Laurent Proville, Charlotte S. Becquart, Normand Mousseau, Mihai-Cosmin Marinica, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département de Physique [Montréal], Université de Montréal (UdeM), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), ANR-19-CE46-0006,MeMoPAS,Mesoscale models from massively parallel atomistic simulations: uncertainty driven, self-optimizing strategies for hard materials(2019), European Project: 900018,H2020,NFRP-2019-2020,ENTENTE(2020), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) - UMR 8207, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille [CINaM], and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe [RQMP]

Subjects
Machine Learning, Harmonic approximation, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), vibrational entropy, energy-entropy correlations, defects, attack frequency, migra- tion rates, compensation law, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Materials Science, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; Machine learning surrogate models employing atomic environment descriptors have found wide applicability in materials science. In our previous work, this approach yielded accurate and transferable predictions of the vibrational formation entropy of point defects for O(N) computational cost. The present study investigates the limits of data driven surrogate models in accuracy and applicability for vibrational properties. We propose an improvement of the accuracy by extending the fitting capacity of the model by increasing the dimension of the descriptor space. This is achieved by using a nonlinear relation between descriptors—target observables and when it is possible by including physical relevant information of the underlying energy landscape. The nonlinear extension is used to learn the formation entropy of defects with or without applied strain while including physical information, such as the minimum-saddle point sequences employed for the migration of point defects, is a key ingredient of transition state theory rate approximations. We find excellent predictive power after augmenting the dimensionality of the descriptor space, as demonstrated on large defect databases in α-iron and amorphous silicon based on semiempirical force fields. The current linear surrogate models are used to investigate the correlation between migration entropy and energy. Our approaches reproduce the Meyer-Neldel compensation law observed from direct calculations in amorphous Si systems. Moreover, the same abstract descriptor space representation for entropy and energy is then used for the statistical correlation analysis. For linear surrogate models, we show that the energy-entropy statistical correlations can be reinterpreted in descriptor space. This provides a simple statistical criterion for the marginal interpretation of the compensation law. More generally, the present work shows how linear surrogate models can accelerate high-throughput workflows, aid the construction of mesoscale material models, and provide new avenues for correlation analysis.

Published
2022
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7. Structural modeling of ZnFe2O4 systems using Buckingham potentials with static molecular dynamics

Author

Óscar A. Restrepo, Óscar Arnache, Johans Restrepo, Charlotte S. Becquart, Normand Mousseau, Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia], Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), and École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT)

Subjects
Materials Chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

International audience; Using Buckingham potentials we study zinc spinel ferrites ZnFe2O4 mechanical properties such as elastic constants, bulk moduli and vacancy formation energies EV at zero temperature. These properties are analyzed as a function of the lattice parameter, the pressure and the inversion degree parameter. The potentials predict the geometry of normal and partial inverse spinels in good agreement with reported experimental data. Statistical randomness of the octahedral sites in partial inverse spinels is implemented to investigate its effects in energies, the lattice parameter, the elastic constants and bulk moduli. The results show that deformations of up to ±6% are associated with pressures of up to 50 GPa, and that the normal spinel at zero pressure is in the limit between brittle and ductile, (B/G ​ = 1.77). Besides, positive pressures make the normal spinel brittle while negative ones transform it into ductile. However, the partial inverse spinels are ductile materials whose ductility increases with the inversion degree. It is also found that EV (O) ≤ EV (Zn) ≤ EV (Fe) and that these computations require a large box size. Our results show that fluctuations due to randomness of Ze and Fe play an important role in the formation of vacancies in the inverse spinel and their stability, but they can be safely ignored for elastic constants. The results are compared to experimental data found in the literature.

Published
2022
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8. A stable isotope toolbox for water and inorganic carbon cycle studies

Author

Sergey Assonov, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, Sang-Tae Kim, Christophe Lécuyer, Prosenjit Ghosh, Harro A. J. Meijer, Marc Blanchard, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Amaelle Landais, Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indian Institute of Science [Bangalore] (IISc Bangalore), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Isotope Research [Groningen] (CIO), University of Groningen [Groningen], Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth science, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of oxygen, Carbon cycle, chemistry.chemical_compound, Total inorganic carbon, Water cycle, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Isotope, Stable isotope ratio, 010401 analytical chemistry, Pollution, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Carbonate, Carbon
Abstract

Stable isotopes of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen are used to investigate numerous physical and chemical processes in the water and inorganic carbon cycles. Measuring and comparing natural isotopic variations requires reliable primary reference materials and consistent data treatment. However, these reference materials have changed over time, while advances in technology have led to better constrained isotopic compositions of the reference materials. In this Technical Review, we provide an overview of the historical evolution of such materials, and explain their relationships across time and isotopic scales. Recommendations are provided for the measurement and reporting of isotopic compositions against the consensual VPDB and VSMOW scales in light of the newest carbonate and water reference materials distributed by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Stable isotope fractionation factors and their temperature dependence in processes specific to the water cycle (2H, 18O, 17O) and the CO2–water–carbonate system (13C, 18O) are described, including for carbonate clumped isotope thermometry. Propagation of errors is also addressed for a consistent reporting of real uncertainties of isotopic measurements and calculations. Lastly, current gaps in knowledge on the behaviour of stable isotopes in the water cycle and the CO2–water–carbonate system are highlighted for future studies. The use of isotopes has provided key insights into the Earth system, but their use can be fraught with experimental and theoretical pitfalls. This Technical Review explains the use of and fractionation factors associated with hydrogen, carbon and oxygen isotopes in water cycle and CO2–carbonate–water system studies.

Published
2021
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9. A multi-model CMIP6-PMIP4 study of Arctic sea ice at 127 ka: sea ice data compilation and model differences

Author

M. Kageyama, L. C. Sime, M. Sicard, M.-V. Guarino, A. de Vernal, R. Stein, D. Schroeder, I. Malmierca-Vallet, A. Abe-Ouchi, C. Bitz, P. Braconnot, E. C. Brady, J. Cao, M. A. Chamberlain, D. Feltham, C. Guo, A. N. LeGrande, G. Lohmann, K. J. Meissner, L. Menviel, P. Morozova, K. H. Nisancioglu, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, R. O'ishi, S. Ramos Buarque, D. Salas y Melia, S. Sherriff-Tadano, J. Stroeve, X. Shi, B. Sun, R. A. Tomas, E. Volodin, N. K. H. Yeung, Q. Zhang, Z. Zhang, W. Zheng, T. Ziehn, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Département des sciences de la terre et de l'atmosphère [Montréal] (SCTA), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Sea ice, Cryosphere, lcsh:TD169-171.8, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Sea ice concentration, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, Coupled model intercomparison project, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Paleontology, Arctic ice pack, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, Interglacial, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Climate model, Geology
Abstract

The Last Interglacial period (LIG) is a period with increased summer insolation at high northern latitudes, which results in strong changes in the terrestrial and marine cryosphere. Understanding the mechanisms for this response via climate modelling and comparing the models' representation of climate reconstructions is one of the objectives set up by the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project for its contribution to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Here we analyse the results from 16 climate models in terms of Arctic sea ice. The multi-model mean reduction in minimum sea ice area from the pre industrial period (PI) to the LIG reaches 50 % (multi-model mean LIG area is 3.20×106 km2, compared to 6.46×106 km2 for the PI). On the other hand, there is little change for the maximum sea ice area (which is 15–16×106 km2 for both the PI and the LIG. To evaluate the model results we synthesise LIG sea ice data from marine cores collected in the Arctic Ocean, Nordic Seas and northern North Atlantic. The reconstructions for the northern North Atlantic show year-round ice-free conditions, and most models yield results in agreement with these reconstructions. Model–data disagreement appear for the sites in the Nordic Seas close to Greenland and at the edge of the Arctic Ocean. The northernmost site with good chronology, for which a sea ice concentration larger than 75 % is reconstructed even in summer, discriminates those models which simulate too little sea ice. However, the remaining models appear to simulate too much sea ice over the two sites south of the northernmost one, for which the reconstructed sea ice cover is seasonal. Hence models either underestimate or overestimate sea ice cover for the LIG, and their bias does not appear to be related to their bias for the pre-industrial period. Drivers for the inter-model differences are different phasing of the up and down short-wave anomalies over the Arctic Ocean, which are associated with differences in model albedo; possible cloud property differences, in terms of optical depth; and LIG ocean circulation changes which occur for some, but not all, LIG simulations. Finally, we note that inter-comparisons between the LIG simulations and simulations for future climate with moderate (1 % yr−1) CO2 increase show a relationship between LIG sea ice and sea ice simulated under CO2 increase around the years of doubling CO2. The LIG may therefore yield insight into likely 21st century Arctic sea ice changes using these LIG simulations.

Published
2021
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10. Le site de Waziers (nord de la France, plaine de la Scarpe). Un remplissage de chenal témoin de la transition Saalien-Eemien à l'optimum climatique Eemien

Author

Deschodt, Laurent, Hérisson, David, Locht, Jean-Luc, Antoine, Pierre, Lacroix, Samuel, Sergent, Angélique, Petite, Yann, Rorive, Sylvie, Simon, Frédéric, Jamet, Guillaume, Coutard, Sylvie, Limondin-Lozouet, Nicole, Hullin, Guillaume, Virmoux, Clément, Dietrich, Anne, Gauthier, Agnès, Auguste, Patrick, Louguet, Sophie, Lebreton, Loïc, Stoetzel, Emmanuelle, Bailon, Salvador, Maréchal, Chloé, Lécuyer, Christophe, Amiot, Romain, Fourel, François, Bahain, Jean-Jacques, Bassam, Ghaleb, Shao, Qingfeng, Falguères, Christophe, Vallin, Luc, Sévêque, Noémie, Masson, Bertrand, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Anthropologie des techniques, des espaces et des territoires au Pliocène et au Pléistocène (AnTET), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Direction de l'Archéologie Préventive - DOUAISIS AGGLO (DAP-DA), Service d'archéologie de Douaisis, Géosystèmes - UMR 8217, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Service Régional de l'Archéologie du Nord-Pas-de-Calais (SRA Nord-Pas-de-Calais), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), GeoArchEon SARL, Laurent Deschodt, Pierre Antoine, Patrick Auguste, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Hérisson, David

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Eemien, Nord -- France, Paléolithique moyen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

11. Ocean productivity in the Gulf of Cadiz over the last 50 kyr

Author

Jung-Hyun Kim, Claire Waelbroeck, Jong-Ku Gal, Johan Etourneau, Frédérique Eynaud, Anne deVernal, Aurélie Penaud, Jérôme Bonnin, Sébastien Zaragosi, Dulce Oliveiraa, Sujin Kang, Geo-Ocean (GEO-OCEAN), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Hanyang University, Centro de Ciências do Mar [Faro] (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
dinocysts, Biogeochemical cycle, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Paleontology, stable isotopes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, primary productivity, remineralization, last glacial maximum, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Heinrich Stadials, 14. Life underwater, alkenones, Productivity, Primary productivity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Reconstructions of ocean primary productivity (PP) help to explain past and present biogeochemical cycles and climate changes in the oceans. We document PP variations over the last 50 kyr in a currently oligotrophic subtropical region, the Gulf of Cadiz. Data combine refined results from previous investigations on dinocyst assemblages, alkenones, and stable isotopes ( 18O, 13C) in planktonic (Globigerina bulloides) and endobenthic (Uvigerina mediterranea) foraminifera from cores MD04-2805 CQ and MD99-2339, with new isotopic measurements on epibenthic (Cibicides pachyderma–Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi) foraminifera and dinocyst-based estimates of PP using the new n = 1,968 modern database. We constrain PP variations and export production by integrating qualitative information from bio-indicators with dinocyst-based quantitative reconstructions such as PP and seasonal sea-surface temperature and information about remineralization from the benthic  13C (difference between epi- and endo-benthic foraminiferal  13C signatures). This study also includes new information on alkenone-based SST and total organic carbon which provides insights into the relationship between past regional hydrological activity and PP regime change. We show that PP, carbon export, and remineralization were generally high in the NE subtropical Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial period and that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) had lower  13C than the Heinrich Stadials with sustained high PP, likely allowing enhanced carbon sequestration. We link these PP periods to the dynamics of upwelling, active almost year-round during stadials, but restricted to spring-summer during interstadials and LGM, like today. During interstadials, nutrient advection through freshwater inputs during autumn–winter needs also to be considered to fully understand PP regimes. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2022
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12. From the lithosphere to the lower mantle: An aqueous-rich metal-bearing growth environment to form type IIb blue diamonds

Author

Lucille Daver, Hélène Bureau, Églantine Boulard, Éloïse Gaillou, Pierre Cartigny, Daniele L. Pinti, Oulfa Belhadj, Nicolas Guignot, Eddy Foy, Imène Estève, Benoit Baptiste, Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Minéralogie, Pétrologie et physique planétaire [IMPMC] (IMPMC_MP3), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Musée de Minéralogie, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Lithosphere, Aqueous fluids, Geochemistry and Petrology, Nitrogen, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Mineral inclusions, Fe-Ni alloys, Geology, Type IIb diamonds, Blue diamonds, Boron
Abstract

International audience; A study of five diamonds containing mineral and fluid inclusions, selected among forty-nine specimens from the Cullinan Mine, South Africa, was carried out to better document the origin and formation of N-absent B-poor (type IIb) diamonds. The combination of several in-situ non-destructive techniques was used to identify the mineralogy and the chemical composition of primary and secondary inclusions. These include breyite, larnite, graphite, Fe-Ni-Cu native metallic alloys, sulfides of the pyrrhotite group, Ni-rich oxide and potential hydrous ferric sulfates. A common and abundant hydrous fluid containing H2O + CH4 was also identified. From the various observations, we suggest that these type IIb diamonds grew in an aqueous oxidized fluid reacting with a reduced mantle characterized by low oxygen fugacity. Remnant pressures recorded in primary breyite by Raman shifts and XRD measurements enabled the calculation of minimal entrapment pressures of inclusions using elastic geothermobarometry. Applying pressure corrections caused by elastic relaxation, minimum trapping pressures from 4.9 GPa to 5.6 GPa were calculated, suggesting lithospheric depths consistent with the occurrence of numerous graphite inclusions. The association of breyite and larnite, which is often considered as an indicator of sublithospheric origin, also occurs at pressures of 6 GPa or lower in a H2O-rich and carbonate/Ca-rich environment. The B-poor and N-absent features of type IIb diamonds do not require the classic subduction-related model of their formation. Whereas high-pressure minerals would host boron in cold subducting slabs, slabs are also important carriers of nitrogen into the deep mantle, with this latter element mostly absent in these diamonds. In our alternative model, the mantle is proposed as an alternative source of boron, whereby metallic alloys or N speciation between fluid and melt would still prevent the incorporation of nitrogen, leading to the expression of the blue, boron-related and N-absent features of type IIb diamonds. The observed mineralogical assemblage neither proves sublithospheric origin nor does it exclude lithospheric depths of formation for these diamonds. Hence, we propose that type IIb diamonds form in a mantle continuum, from sublithospheric to lithospheric depths.

Published
2022
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13. At-Home Training With a Rhythmic Video Game for Improving Orofacial, Manual, and Gait Abilities in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study

Author

Puyjarinet, Frédéric, Bégel, Valentin, Geny, Christian, Driss, Valérie, Cuartero, Marie-Charlotte, de Cock, Valérie Cochen, Pinto, Serge, Dalla Bella, Simone, Université de Montpellier (UM), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), CIC Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Saint Eloi (CHRU Montpellier), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Clinique Beau Soleil [Montpellier], International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM), University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw [Varsovie, Pologne], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music [Montréal, Canada] (CRBLM), and Pinto, Serge

Subjects
[SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, music-based interventions, [INFO.INFO-MC]Computer Science [cs]/Mobile Computing, serious video games, [INFO.INFO-MC] Computer Science [cs]/Mobile Computing, Parkinson’s disease, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, rhythmic training, mobile technologies, [SDV.NEU.SC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Rhythm disorders are consistently reported in Parkinson’s disease (PD). They manifest across motor domains, such as in orofacial (oral diadochokinesis), manual (finger tapping), and gait tasks. It is still unclear, however, whether these disorders are domain- and task-specific, or result from impaired common mechanisms supporting rhythm processing (general dysrhythmia). We tested the possibility that an at-home intervention delivered via a rhythmic video game on tablet improves motor performance across motor domains in PD. Patients with PD ( n = 12) played at home a rhythmic video game (Rhythm Workers) on tablet, in which they finger-tapped to the beat of music, for 6 weeks. A control group ( n = 11) played an active non-rhythmic video game (Tetris). A third group ( n = 10) did not receive any intervention. We measured rhythmic abilities in orofacial, manual and gait motor domains, as well as rhythm perception, before and after the intervention. Patients who performed the rhythmic training improved their orofacial and manual rhythmic performance. This beneficial effect was linked to improved rhythm perception only following the rhythmic training period. We did not observe any improvement in rhythmic abilities in the other two groups. In this pilot study, we demonstrated that at-home intervention with a rhythmic video game using finger tapping can have beneficial effects on motor performance across different motor domains (manual and orofacial). This finding provides evidence of a general dysrhythmia in PD and paves the way to technology-driven interventions aiming at alleviating rhythm-related motor deficits in PD.

Published
2022
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14. Insights on the effect of water content in carburizing gas mixtures on the metal dusting corrosion of iron

Author

Tayeb Bentria, El, Omotayo Akande, Salawu, Ramesh, Abitha, Laycock, Nicholas, Hamer, Wouter, Mousseau, Normand, Becquart, Charlotte, Bouhali, Othmane, El-Mellouhi, Fedwa, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute [QEERI], Texas A&M University at Qatar, Shell (Netherlands), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe [RQMP], Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) - UMR 8207, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de physique, and Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Metal dusting corrosion, Reactive Force Field, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Molecular dynamics, Surface reaction, Syngas, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Constituents of syngas, such as water, carbon monoxide and sulfides, can cause the degradation of the steel pipes they move through, leading to carbon dusting and corrosion. In spite of considerable attention to this process, many questions remain about its origin. We conduct reactive molecular dynamics simulations of multi-grain iron systems exposed to carburizing gas mixtures to investigate the effect of water content on metal dusting corrosion. To simulate carbon monoxide (CO) dissociation followed by carbon diffusion, we employ an extended-ReaxFF potential that allows accounting for both the high C atoms coordination in bulk iron as well as the lower C coordination at the iron surface and interfaces. The reactions happening in the sample at different water concentrations and at different time frames are explored. We demonstrate that the presence of water on a clean Fe surface promotes different catalytic reactions at the beginning of the simulations that boost the C, H, O diffusion into the sample. At later stage, the formation of oxide scale leads to an elevated concentration of H2O/OH molecules on the surface due to the decrease in Fe affinity to dissociate water. This results into blocking the Fe catalytic sites leading to lower C and O diffusion to the bulk of the sample.

Published
2021
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15. The emotional effect of background music on selective attention of adults

Author

Éva Nadon, Barbara Tillmann, Arnaud Saj, Nathalie Gosselin, International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research [Montréal, Canada] (BRAMS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music [Montréal, Canada] (CRBLM), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Centre de recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation du Montréal Métropolitain (CRIR), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Tillmann, Barbara

Subjects
Elementary cognitive task, musical emotion, selective attention, neuropsychology, musical emotions, Background noise, Affect (psychology), behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, Arousal, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Background music, Neuropsychology, arousal, Stroop task, Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Active listening, General Psychology, Inhibition, 05 social sciences, background noise, Brief Research Report, humanities, inhibition, BF1-990, ddc:616.8, Noise, Mood, Musical emotion, [SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, background music, Selective attention, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology, Stroop effect
Abstract

International audience; Daily activities can often be performed while listening to music, which could influence the ability to select relevant stimuli while ignoring distractors. Previous studies have established that the level of arousal of music (e.g., relaxing/stimulating) has the ability to modulate mood and affect the performance of cognitive tasks. The aim of this research was to explore the effect of relaxing and stimulating background music on selective attention. To this aim, 46 healthy adults performed a Stroop-type task in five different sound environments: relaxing music, stimulating music, relaxing music-matched noise, stimulating music-matched noise, and silence. Results showed that response times for incongruent and congruent trials as well as the Stroop interference effect were similar across conditions. Interestingly, results revealed a decreased error rate for congruent trials in the relaxing music condition as compared to the relaxing musicmatched noisecondition, and a similar tendency between relaxing music and stimulating musicmatched noise. Taken together, the absence of difference between background music and silence conditions suggest that they have similar effects on adult's selective attention capacities, while noise seems to have a detrimental impact, particularly when the task is easier cognitively. In conclusion, the type of sound stimulation in the environment seems to be a factor that can affect cognitive tasks performance.

Published
2021
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16. ESR/U-series dating Eemian human occupations of Northern France

Author

Bahain, Jean-Jacques, Farkh, Samer, Falguères, Christophe, Shao, Qingfeng, Voinchet, Pierre, Ghaleb, Bassam, Hérisson, David, Locht, Jean-Luc, Limondin-Lozouet, Nicole, Auguste, Patrick, Dabkowski, Julie, Deschodt, Laurent, Antoine, Pierre, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Nanjing Normal University (NNU), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Anthropologie des techniques, des espaces et des territoires au Pliocène et au Pléistocène (AnTET), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Hérisson, David

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Caours, Eemian, Waziers, ESR/U-series, teeth
Abstract

International audience; Palaeolithic sites associated to the Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e) are very rare in Northern France and their preservation is restricted to very specific geological contexts, in association with carbonated tufa (Caours) or peat deposits (Waziers). In order to check the reliability of ESR/U-series method to date teeth recovered from archaeological levels in so specific geological environments, teeth were sampled on these two Middle Palaeolithic sites and systematic in situ dosimetry was performed using portable gamma spectrometer. The ESR/U-series ages obtained on the Caours site are very homogeneous allowing the calculation of a mean age equal to 125 ± 4 ka, in agreement with the geological age and other available geochronological data (U-series on carbonate, TL on heated flints, OSL on sediments) and despite an relatively heterogeneous dosimetric environment (gamma dose rate ranging between ca 200 to 450 µGy/a). At Waziers, reducing chemical environment linked to the peat lead to very specific U-series data of the analysed teeth (U content lower than 0.1 ppm in all the dental tissues, evidence of leaching in some tissues), but the mean ESR/U-series age, 129 ± 4 ka, is also in agreement with the available geological and palaeoenvironmental data. These two studies confirm the reliability of ESR/U-series method to date with relative accuracy archaeological levels linked to such relatively short climatic event.

Published
2021

17. Quantifying floodwater impacts on a lake water budget via volume-dependent transient stable isotope mass balance

Author

John J. Gibson, Florent Barbecot, Paul Baudron, Janie Masse-Dufresne, Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM), Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Waikato [Hamilton]

Subjects
Technology, Watershed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Freshet, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 0207 environmental engineering, Climate change, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Water balance, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, GE1-350, 020701 environmental engineering, TD1-1066, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, Environmental sciences, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Water quality, Surface water, Groundwater
Abstract

Interactions between groundwater and surface water are often overlooked in lake water budgets, even though groundwater can significantly contribute to the total annual water inputs to a lake. Isotope mass balance models have seen significant developments in the last decade for assessing the spatial and temporal variability of hydrological processes in lakes but are generally applied assuming steady-state. While this assumption is generally acceptable for long-term water balances of large lakes, it may be less appropriate for lakes which undergo strong seasonality of hydrological processes and meteorological conditions. In this study, a volume-dependent transient isotopic mass balance model was developed for an artificial lake (named Lake A) in Canada, and in a context where direct measurement of surface water fluxes is difficult, if not impossible. This lake typically receives important inputs of flood-water during the spring freshet period, as a hydraulic connection with a large watershed establishes each year. Quantification of the water fluxes to Lake A allowed to highlight the impacts of flood-water inputs over the annual water budget. The isotopic mass balance model revealed that groundwater and surface water inputs respectively account for 71 % and 28 % of the total annual water inputs to Lake A, which demonstrates its dependence on groundwater. An important part of these groundwater inputs is likely to correspond to flood-derived surface water due to bank storage. On an annual timescale, Lake A was found to be resilient to surface water pollution and sensitive to groundwater quantity and quality changes. There is however a likelihood that the resilience to surface water pollution is lower from April to August, as important water inputs originating from Lake DM contribute to the water balance via direct and indirect inputs (i.e., from bank storage). This suggests that the surface water fluxes between Lake DM and Lake A did not only have an impact on the dynamic of Lake A during springtime but also significantly influenced the long-term dynamics of Lake A. These findings can help anticipating the impacts of variation in the intensity and/or duration of future flooding events on lakes' water quality. From a more global perspective, this knowledge is useful for establishing regional-scale management strategies for maintaining water quality at flood-affected lakes in a context of land-use and climate changes.

Published
2021
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18. ESR/U-series dating of Eemian human occupations of Northern France

Author

Jean-Jacques Bahain, Samer Farkh, Christophe Falguères, Qingfeng Shao, Pierre Voinchet, Bassam Ghaleb, David Hérisson, Jean-Luc Locht, Nicole Limondin-Lozouet, Patrick Auguste, Agnès Gauthier, Julie Dabkowski, Laurent Deschodt, Pierre Antoine, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Nanjing Normal University (NNU), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Anthropologie des techniques, des espaces et des territoires au Pliocène et au Pléistocène (AnTET), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Eemian ESR/U-series Teeth Caours Waziers, Teeth, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Stratigraphy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Caours, Geology, Eemian, Waziers, ESR/U-series
Abstract

International audience; Palaeolithic sites associated with the Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e) are very rare in NW Europe, and especially in Northern France, where their preservation is restricted to very specific geological contexts, in association with carbonated tufa (Caours) or peat deposits (Waziers). In order to check the reliability of ESR/U-series method to date teeth recovered from archaeological levels in such specific geological environments, teeth were sampled on these two Middle Palaeolithic sites and systematic in situ dosimetry was performed using portable gamma spectrometer. The ESR/U-series ages obtained on the Caours site are very homogeneous allowing the calculation of a mean age equal to 125 ± 11 ka, in agreement with the geological age, mammal's association and other available geochronological data (U-series on tufa carbonate, TL on burnt flints, OSL on sediments), despite a relatively heterogeneous dosimetric environment (gamma dose rate ranging between ca 200–450 μGy/a). At Waziers, reducing (water logging) environment linked to the peat leads to very specific U-series data of the analysed teeth (U content lower than 0.1 ppm in all the dental tissues, evidence of leaching in some tissues), but the mean ESR/U-series age, 129 ± 4 ka, is also in agreement with the available geological and palaeoenvironmental data indicating that the dated teeth were associated with Late Glacial deposits prior to the climatic interglacial optimum. These two case studies then confirm the reliability of ESR/U-series method to date with good reliability and accuracy the archaeological levels linked to such relatively short climatic events (ca 10 ka).

Published
2022
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19. The influence of decision-making in tree ring-based climate reconstructions

Author

Guobao Xu, Christophe Corona, Rob Wilson, Ulf Büntgen, Josef Ludescher, Kathy Allen, Dominique Arseneault, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, Wolfgang Jens-Henrik Meier, Joel Guiot, Paolo Cherubini, Markus Stoffel, Clive Oppenheimer, Björn E. Gunnarson, Sebastian Guillet, Kristina Seftigen, A. Stine, Bao Yang, A. M. Trevino, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Matthew W. Salzer, Malcolm K. Hughes, Jianglin Wang, Scott St. George, Kurt Nicolussi, Fabio Gennaretti, Achim Bräuning, Peter Huybers, Samuli Helama, Paul J. Krusic, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Jan Esper, Vladimir S. Myglan, Valerie Trouet, Ernesto Tejedor, Philipp Hochreuther, Snigdhansu Chatterjee, Jussi Grießinger, Frederick Reinig, Étienne Boucher, Büntgen, Ulf [0000-0002-3821-0818], Anchukaitis, Kevin J [0000-0002-8509-8080], Arseneault, Dominique [0000-0002-3419-2480], Bräuning, Achim [0000-0003-3106-4229], Churakova Sidorova, Olga V [0000-0002-1687-1201], Grießinger, Jussi [0000-0001-6103-2071], Helama, Samuli [0000-0002-9777-3354], Hughes, Malcolm K [0000-0003-1062-3167], Kirdyanov, Alexander V [0000-0002-6797-4964], Nicolussi, Kurt [0000-0002-1737-4119], Oppenheimer, Clive [0000-0003-4506-7260], Reinig, Frederick [0000-0001-6839-8340], Seftigen, Kristina [0000-0001-5555-5757], Stine, Alexander R [0000-0002-1676-5572], Stoffel, Markus [0000-0003-0816-1303], St George, Scott [0000-0002-0945-4944], Tejedor, Ernesto [0000-0001-6825-3870], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, Anchukaitis, Kevin J. [0000-0002-8509-8080], Churakova (Sidorova), Olga V. [0000-0002-1687-1201], Hughes, Malcolm K. [0000-0003-1062-3167], Kirdyanov, Alexander V. [0000-0002-6797-4964], Stine, Alexander R. [0000-0002-1676-5572], and St. George, Scott [0000-0002-0945-4944]

Subjects
141, 704/106/694, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Climate change, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Paleoclimatology, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Dendrochronology, ddc:550, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Research data, ddc:333.7-333.9, 13 Climate Action, GE, Multidisciplinary, Northern Hemisphere, DAS, General Chemistry, 706/648/697, Geography, 13. Climate action, Climatology, 704/106/413, GE Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Tree-ring chronologies underpin the majority of annually-resolved reconstructions of Common Era climate. However, they are derived using different datasets and techniques, the ramifications of which have hitherto been little explored. Here, we report the results of a double-blind experiment that yielded 15 Northern Hemisphere summer temperature reconstructions from a common network of regional tree-ring width datasets. Taken together as an ensemble, the Common Era reconstruction mean correlates with instrumental temperatures from 1794–2016 CE at 0.79 (p, Tree rings are a crucial archive for Common Era climate reconstructions, but the degree to which methodological decisions influence outcomes is not well known. Here, the authors show how different approaches taken by 15 different groups influence the ensemble temperature reconstruction from the same data.

Published
2021
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20. Trying to model long time ageing using AKMC: the need to turn to mixed/hybrid methods

Author

Becquart, Charlotte, Candela, Romain, Gelin, Simon, Mousseau, Normand, Veiga, Roberto, Domain, Christophe, Panier, Baptiste, Perez, Michel, Waseda, Osamu, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Département de Physique [Montréal], Université de Montréal (UdeM), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

21. Pressure effect on diffusion of carbon at the 85.91∘⟨100⟩ symmetric tilt grain boundary of α-iron

Author

Rahman, Md Mijanur, El-Mellouhi, Fedwa, Bouhali, Othmane, Becquart, Charlotte, Mousseau, Normand, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe [RQMP], Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute [QEERI], Texas A&M University at Qatar, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)

Subjects
[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; The diffusion mechanism of carbon in iron plays a vital role in carburization processes, steel fabrication, and metal dusting corrosion. In this paper, using the kinetic activation-relaxation technique (k-ART), an off-lattice kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm with on-the-fly catalog building that allows to obtain diffusion properties over large time scales taking full account of chemical and elastic effects coupled with an EAM potential, we investigate the effect of pressure on the diffusion properties of carbon in 85.91∘⟨100⟩ symmetric tilt grain boundaries (GB) of α-iron up to a pressure of 12 kbar at a single temperature of 600 K. We find that, while the effect of pressure can strongly modify the C stability and diffusivity in the GB in ways that depend closely on the local environment and the nature of the deformation, isotropic and uniaxial pressure can lead to opposite and nonmonotonous effects regarding segregation energy and activation barriers. These observations are relevant to understanding of the evolution of heterogeneous materials, where variations of local pressure can alter the carbon diffusion across the material.

Published
2021
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22. The Malina oceanographic expedition: How do changes in ice cover, permafrost and UV radiation impact biodiversity and biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic Ocean?

Author

P. Massicotte, R. M. W. Amon, D. Antoine, P. Archambault, S. Balzano, S. Bélanger, R. Benner, D. Boeuf, A. Bricaud, F. Bruyant, G. Chaillou, M. Chami, B. Charrière, J. Chen, H. Claustre, P. Coupel, N. Delsaut, D. Doxaran, J. Ehn, C. Fichot, M.-H. Forget, P. Fu, J. Gagnon, N. Garcia, B. Gasser, J.-F. Ghiglione, G. Gorsky, M. Gosselin, P. Gourvil, Y. Gratton, P. Guillot, H. J. Heipieper, S. Heussner, S. B. Hooker, Y. Huot, C. Jeanthon, W. Jeffrey, F. Joux, K. Kawamura, B. Lansard, E. Leymarie, H. Link, C. Lovejoy, C. Marec, D. Marie, J. Martin, J. Martín, G. Massé, A. Matsuoka, V. McKague, A. Mignot, W. L. Miller, J.-C. Miquel, A. Mucci, K. Ono, E. Ortega-Retuerta, C. Panagiotopoulos, T. Papakyriakou, M. Picheral, L. Prieur, P. Raimbault, J. Ras, R. A. Reynolds, A. Rochon, J.-F. Rontani, C. Schmechtig, S. Schmidt, R. Sempéré, Y. Shen, G. Song, D. Stramski, E. Tachibana, A. Thirouard, I. Tolosa, J.-É. Tremblay, M. Vaïtilingom, D. Vaulot, F. Vaultier, J. K. Volkman, H. Xie, G. Zheng, M. Babin, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science [Galveston], Texas A&M University [Galveston], Department of Oceanography [College Station], Texas A&M University [College Station], School of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Perth], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment [Columbia] (SEOE), University of South Carolina [Columbia], Department of Biological Sciences [Columbia], Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry [Guiyang] (SKLEG), Institute of Geochemistry [Guiyang], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Institute of Surface-Earth System Science of Tianjin University, Tianjin University (TJU), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement [Québec] (INRS - ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Department of Environmental Biotechnology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), GSFC Ocean Ecology Laborator, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Département de géomatique appliquée [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of west Florida, Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies (CIAS), Chubu University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Maritime Systems [Rostock], Universität Rostock, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Center for Marine and Environmental Studies (CMES), University of the Virgin Islands (UVI), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Department of Marine Sciences [Athens], University of Georgia [USA], International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories Monaco (IAEA-EL), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Montréal] (EPS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institute of Low Temperature Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra (ECCE TERRA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, School of Marine Science and Technology [Tianjin], Department of Physics [Columbus], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies (LARGE), Université des Antilles (UA), Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Department of Earth Sciences [Amsterdam], VU University Amsterdam, NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation [Pensacola] (UWF | CEDB), University of West Florida [Pensacola] (UWF), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas [Ushuaia] (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (ICPA), Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e islas del Atlántico Sur (UNTDF), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (OSU ECCE TERRA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies [UR2_1] (LARGE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), ANR-08-BLAN-0308,Malina,How changes in ice cover, permafrost and UV radiation impact on biodiversity and biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic Ocean(2008), European Project: 0713915(2007), European Project: 1504137(2015), European Project: 0229302(2002), European Project: 0425582(2004), European Project: 0713991(2007), Asian School of the Environment, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (ECCE TERRA), and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, Temperature Rise, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, BEAUFORT SEA, Ice field, SEA ICE, Geology [Science], Permafrost, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, Transect, lcsh:Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, ARCTIC OCEAN, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Permafrost Thawing, Pelagic zone, Estuary, lcsh:Geology, Oceanography, Arctic, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, MALINA
Abstract

The MALINA oceanographic campaign was conducted during summer 2009 to investigate the carbon stocks and the processes controlling the carbon fluxes in the Mackenzie River estuary and the Beaufort Sea. During the campaign, an extensive suite of physical, chemical and biological variables were measured across seven shelf basin transects (south north) to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. Key variables such as temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured onboard the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen and from a barge in shallow coastal areas or for sampling within broken ice fields. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to compile and standardize the collected data sets that will facilitate their reuse in further studies of the changing Arctic Ocean. Fil: Massicotte, Philippe. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Amon, Rainer. Texas A&M University; Estados Unidos Fil: Antoine, David. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Archambault, Philippe. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Balzano, Sergio. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Bélanger, Simon. Université du Québec a Montreal; Canadá Fil: Benner, Ronald. University Of South Carolina; Estados Unidos Fil: Boeuf, Dominique. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Bricaud, Annick. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Bruyant, Flavienne. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Chaillou, Gwenaelle. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Chami, Malik. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Charrière, Bruno. Universite de Perpignan; Francia Fil: Chen, Jing. Tianjin University; China Fil: Claustre, Herve. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Coupel, Pierre. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Delsaut, Nicole. Universite de Perpignan; Francia Fil: Doxaran, David. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Ehn, Jens. University of Manitoba; Canadá Fil: Fichot, Cedric. Boston University; Estados Unidos Fil: Forget, Marie Helene. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Fu, Pingqing. Tianjin University; China Fil: Gagnon, Jonathan. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Garcia, Nicole. Aix Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Gasser, Beat. No especifíca; Fil: Ghiglione, Jean Francois. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gorsky, Gaby. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gosselin, Michel. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Gourvil, Priscillia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gratton, Yves. Centre Eau Terre Environnement; Canadá Fil: Guillot, Pascal. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Heipieper, Hermann. Helmholtz Zentrum Für Umweltforschung; Alemania Fil: Heussner, Serge. Universite de Perpignan; Francia Fil: Hooker, Stanford. Nasa Goddard Space Flight Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Huot, Yannick. University of Sherbrooke; Canadá Fil: Jeanthon, Christian. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Jeffrey, Wade. University Of West Florida; Estados Unidos Fil: Joux, Fabien. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Kawamura, Kimitaka. Chubu University; Japón Fil: Lansard, Bruno. No especifíca; Fil: Leymarie, Edouard. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Link, Heike. Universität Rostock; Alemania Fil: Lovejoy, Connie. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Marec, Claudie. Laval University; Canadá. Universite de Bretagne Occidentale; Francia Fil: Marie, Dominique. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Martin, Johannie. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Martín de Nascimento, Jacobo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Massé, Guillaume. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Matsuoka, Atsushi. Laval University; Canadá Fil: McKague, Vanessa. University of Virginia; Estados Unidos Fil: Mignot, Alexandre. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Miller, William. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos Fil: Miquel, Juan Carlos. No especifíca; Fil: Mucci, Alfonso. McGill University; Canadá Fil: Ono, Kaori. No especifíca; Fil: Ortega-Retuerta, Eva. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Panagiotopoulos, Christos. Aix Marseille Université Marsella.; Francia Fil: Papakyriakou, Tim. University of Manitoba; Canadá Fil: Picheral, Marc. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Prieur, Louis. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Raimbault, Patrick. No especifíca; Fil: Ras, Josephine. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Reynolds, Rick. Marine Physical Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Rochon, Andre. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Rontani, Jean Francois. Aix Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Schmechtig, Catherine. Observatoire Des Sciences de L'univers; Francia Fil: Schmidt, Sabine. No especifíca; Fil: Sempéré, Richard. Aix Marseille Université,Marsella.; Francia Fil: Shen, Yuan. No especifíca; Fil: Song, Guisheng. Tianjin University; China Fil: Stramski, Dariusz. Marine Physical Laboratory; Francia Fil: Tachibana, Eri. Hokkaido University; Japón Fil: Thirouard, Alexandre. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Tolosa, Imma. No especifíca; Fil: Tremblay, Jean Eric. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Vaïtilingom, Mickael. Université Des Antilles; Francia Fil: Vaulot, Daniel. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Vaultier, Frederic. Aix Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Volkman, John. Csiro Marine And Atmospheric Research; Australia Fil: Xie, Huixiang. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Zheng, Guangming. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Babin, Marcel. Laval University; Canadá

Published
2021
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23. Diffusion mechanism of bound Schottky defect in magnesium oxide

Author

Normand Mousseau, Sami Mahmoud, Philippe Carrez, Marie Landeiro Dos Reis, Patrick Cordier, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Département de Physique [Montréal], Université de Montréal (UdeM), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), European Project: 787198,ERC-2017-ADG,TimeMan(2019), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de physique

Subjects
Self-diffusion, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Diffusion, Schottky defect, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Point defects, General Materials Science, Kinetic Monte Carlo, 010306 general physics, Magnesium, Schottky diode, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Crystallographic defect, chemistry, Chemical physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; In simple ionic crystals, intrinsic point defects must satisfy electrical neutrality and exist as Schottky defects. In magnesium oxide (MgO), a Schottky defect is then a combination of anionic and cationic vacancies. Since vacancies are charged, the stable configuration of the Schottky defect corresponds to a bound pair of vacancies of opposite signs. In this study, we investigate the kinetics of formation and migration of such a bound pair on long timescales reaching in some cases thousands of seconds using the kinetic activation-relaxation technique, an off-lattice kinetic Monte Carlo method with an event catalog built on-the-fly during static molecular simulations. We show that the diffusion of this bound Schottky defect involves the migration of vacancies bounded to the first and third neighbor sites of the crystal structure with an apparent migration energy which cannot be inferred from the migration energies expected from isolated defects. Overall, this study gives insights and constraints on the oxygen diffusion mechanism reported experimentally in high-purity MgO samples.

Published
2021
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24. Pollutant Pb burden in Mediterranean Centroscymnus coelolepis deep-sea sharks

Author

A, Veron, A, Dell'Anno, M O, Angelidis, M, Aloupi, R, Danovaro, O, Radakovitch, A, Poirier, S, Heussner, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), University of the Aegean, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA), Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pb isotopes, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Centroscymnus coelolepis deep-sea, Muscles, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Lead, Liver, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sharks, • Lead (Pb), Mediterranean Sea, Animals, Humans, Environmental Pollutants, 14. Life underwater, human activities, Gasoline, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; We report lead (Pb) analyses in juvenile (n = 37; mean length = 24.7 ± 2.3 cm) and adult (n = 16; mean length = 52.3 ± 9.3 cm) Centroscymnus coelolepis Mediterranean deep-sea sharks that are compared to Pb content in bathy-demersal, pelagic and shallow coastal sharks. Median Pb concentrations of C. coelolepis muscle (0.009-0.056 wet ppm) and liver (0.023-0.061 wet ppm) are among the lowest encountered in shark records. Stable Pb isotope imprints in adult C. coelolepis muscles highlight that most of Pb in C. coelolepis is from human origin. Lead isotopes reveal the persistence of gasoline Pb emitted in the 1970s in low-turnover adult shark's muscle while associated liver imprints are in equilibrium with recent pollutant Pb signatures suggesting an efficient pollutant Pb turnover metabolism. The comparison of Pb distribution between adult and juvenile cohorts suggests the role of dietary exposure and possible maternal offloading of Pb during gestation, likely associated to vitellogenesis in this aplacental viviparous deep-sea shark.

Published
2021
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25. Enthalpy-entropy compensation of atomic diffusion originates from softening of low frequency phonons

Author

Alexandre Champagne-Ruel, Simon Gelin, Normand Mousseau, Département de Physique [Montréal], Université de Montréal (UdeM), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Département de Mathématiques et de Génie Industriel (MAGI), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM), Liquides et interfaces (L&I), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Modélisation de la matière condensée et des interfaces (MMCI)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Materials science, Phonon, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Impurity, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Entropy (energy dispersal), lcsh:Science, Softening, Arrhenius equation, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Condensed matter physics, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic diffusion, 030104 developmental biology, Enthalpy–entropy compensation, Molecular vibration, symbols, Atomistic models, lcsh:Q, Statistical physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Experimental data accumulated over more than 120 years show not only that diffusion coefficients of impurities ordinarily obey the Arrhenius law in crystalline solids, but also that diffusion pre-exponential factors measured in a same solid increase exponentially with activation energies. This so-called compensation effect has been argued to result from a universal positive linear relationship between entropic contributions and energy barriers to diffusion. However, no physical model of entropy has ever been successfully tested against experimental compensation data. Here, we solve this decades-old problem by demonstrating that atomistically computed harmonic vibrational entropic contributions account for most of compensation effects in silicon and aluminum. We then show that, on average, variations of atomic interactions along diffusion reaction paths simultaneously soften low frequency phonons and stiffen high frequency ones; because relative frequency variations are larger in the lower region of the spectrum, softening generally prevails over stiffening and entropy ubiquitously increases with energy., Atomistic diffusion in solids determines aging and the transformation of materials. Here, the authors resolve the origin of the ubiquitous enthalpy-entropy compensation effect, showing how it emerges from shifts in the vibrational modes of the materials during activation.

Published
2020
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26. A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records

Author

Marcela Sandra Tonello, Vincent Montade, Walter Finsinger, Karen J. Taylor, Manuel Chevalier, Isabelle Larocque-Tobler, Philipp Sommer, Nicholas P. McKay, Mateusz Płóciennik, Snezhana Zhilich, David F. Porinchu, Andrei Andreev, Markus Heinrichs, Tomi P. Luoto, Elena A. Ilyashuk, Anson W. Mackay, Deborah Khider, Stephen J. Roberts, Cody C. Routson, Les C. Cwynar, Samuel L Jaccard, Naomi Holmes, Kira Rehfeld, Aaron P. Potito, Emma J. Pearson, Steve Juggins, Anais Orsi, Louise C. Foster, Angela Self, Sakari Salonen, Basil A. S. Davis, Boris K. Biskaborn, Christoph Dätwyler, Sebastien Bertrand, Anne de Vernal, Jeannine Marie St-Jacques, Angelica Feurdean, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Lukas Jonkers, Heikki Seppä, Stephen J. Brooks, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Sonja Hausmann, Peter G. Langdon, Steven B. Malevich, Larisa Nazarova, Shyhrete Shala, Enikö Magyari, Matthew Peros, Scott A. Reinemann, Krystyna M. Saunders, Elena Novenko, Barbara Stenni, Yarrow Axford, Liudmila Syrykh, Julien Emile-Geay, Nicolas Rolland, Bryan G. Mark, Jianyong Li, Andria Dawson, Mathew Fox, André F. Lotter, Jessica E. Tierney, Oliver Heiri, Stefan Engels, Ian R. Walker, Andrew P. Rees, Pol Tarrats, Valerie van den Bos, Konrad Gajewski, Brian M. Chase, Eugene R. Wahl, Martin Grosjean, Boris P. Ilyashuk, Thomas Brussel, Mónika Tóth, Enlou Zhang, Darrell S. Kaufman, Olivier Cartapanis, Magaly Caniupán, Julieta Massaferro, Reinhard Pienitz, John M. Fegyveresi, Manuel Bringué, Carrie Morrill, Gaute Velle, M. P. Erb, Marie Claude Fortin, Petr Pařil, Karin A. Koinig, Richard S. Vachula, Paola Moffa-Sanchez, Jeremiah Marsicek, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Utrecht University Palaeoecology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, University of Arizona, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Mount Royal University, Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Programme CIT, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Snecma Propulsion Solide (SPS), SAFRAN Group, University of Southern California (USC), Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Université d'Ottawa [Ontario] (uOttawa), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), MTA-MTM-ELTE Research Group for Paleontology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), GINOP Sustainable Ecosystem Research Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research [Tihany], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Geosciences and Geography [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Departemanto di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica (DAIS), University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Uni Research Environment, Uni Research Ltd, University of Bath [Bath], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Department of Geosciences and Geography

Subjects
Peat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 580 Plants (Botany), computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, MILLENNIAL-SCALE CHANGES, Proxy (climate), purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE, HOLOCENE, 910 Geography & travel, lcsh:Science, Holocene, LAKE VUOLEP-NJAKAJAURE, geography.geographical_feature_category, Database, EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Computer Science Applications, LATE-QUATERNARY VEGETATION, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE, PROXIES, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, geog, Geology, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, 1171 Geosciences, 010506 paleontology, NORTHERN NORTH-ATLANTIC, DATABASE, PALEOTEMPERATURE, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, education, Library and Information Sciences, Education, Paleoclimatology, SOUTH CHINA SEA, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Southern Hemisphere, 1172 Environmental sciences, POLLEN-BASED RECONSTRUCTION, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Intertropical Convergence Zone, Glacier, 15. Life on land, WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Earth and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, computer
Abstract

A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format. Fil: Kaufman, Darrell. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unidos Fil: McKay, Nicholas. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unidos Fil: Routson, Cody. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unidos Fil: Erb, Michael. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unidos Fil: Davis, Basil. University Of Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Heiri, Oliver. University Of Basel; Suiza Fil: Jaccard, Samuel. University Of Bern; Suiza Fil: Tierney, Jessica. University of Arizona; Estados Unidos Fil: Dätwyler, Christoph. University Of Bern; Suiza Fil: Axford, Yarrow. Northwestern University; Estados Unidos Fil: Brussel, Thomas. University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Cartapanis, Olivier. University Of Bern; Suiza Fil: Chase, Brian. Universite de Montpellier; Francia Fil: Dawson, Andria. Mount Royal University; Canadá Fil: de Vernal, Anne. Université du Québec a Montreal; Canadá Fil: Engels, Stefan. University of London; Reino Unido Fil: Jonkers, Lukas. University Of Bremen; Alemania Fil: Marsicek, Jeremiah. University of Wisconsin-Madison; Estados Unidos Fil: Moffa Sánchez, Paola. University of Durham; Reino Unido Fil: Morrill, Carrie. University of Colorado; Estados Unidos Fil: Orsi, Anais. Université Paris-Saclay; Francia Fil: Rehfeld, Kira. Heidelberg University; Alemania Fil: Saunders, Krystyna. Australian Nuclear Science And Technology Organisation; Australia Fil: Sommer, Philipp. University Of Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Thomas, Elizabeth. University At Buffalo; Estados Unidos Fil: Tonello, Marcela Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Tóth, Mónika. Balaton Limnological Institute; Hungría Fil: Vachula, Richard. Brown University; Estados Unidos Fil: Andreev, Andrei. Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research; Alemania Fil: Bertrand, Sebastien. Ghent University; Bélgica Fil: Massaferro, Julieta. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Parque Nacional "Nahuel Huapi"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Published
2020
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27. A high-resolution elemental record of post-glacial lithic sedimentation in Upernavik Trough, western Greenland: History of ice-sheet dynamics and ocean circulation changes over the last 9100 years

Author

Guillaume St-Onge, Philippe Martinez, Olivier Ther, Eleonor Georgiadis, Myriam Caron, Pascal Lebleu, Jacques Giraudeau, Guillaume Massé, Isabelle Billy, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), fondation Total, ANR: GreenEdge project,ANR (Contract #111112),Contract #111112, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR-14-CE01-0017,Green Edge,Productivité biologique dans l'Océan Arctique: réponse passée, présente et future aux fluctuations climatiques, et impacts sur les flux de carbone, le réseau trophique et les communautés humaines locales(2014), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Ice-sheet dynamics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Tidewater glaciers, Greenland ice sheet, Climate change, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 02 engineering and technology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Climate changes, Ocean circulation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ocean current, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Glacier, West Greenland, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sedimentary rock, Physical geography, Geology
Abstract

International audience; A better understanding of the past dynamics of local sectors of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) with regards to ocean circulation and climate changes can be developed from proxy records derived from marine sedimentary archives. Here we investigate the post 9.1 cal. Kyr BP history of the western sector of the GIS from the XRF core scanner-derived geochemistry of a sediment core retrieved from Upernavik Trough, Melville Bay. The elemental signature of material derived from Melville Bay glaciers, Upernavik Isstrom and Rink Isbrae can be inferred from the geology of the bedrocks drained by these major ice streams of the western GIS. Changes in abundance of Fe-rich basaltic material reflect changes in West Greenland Current (WGC) strength. Contributions from Melville Bay glaciers were dominant during the early part of the record as a result of the rapid retreat of this stretch of the NW GIS. Atmospheric warming and strengthened WGC between 7.5 and 5 cal. Kyrs BP promoted contributions from distal southern sources of lithic material to the sedimentation over Upernavik Trough. The Neoglacial shift in climate and ocean circulation led to a general reduction in the delivery of lithic material from western GIS glacier outlets glaciers. The particular geomorphology of the fjord hosting Rink Isbrae as well as the important depth of the Uummannaq Trough likely explain the high relative contribution of this glacier to the lithic sedimentation over Upernavik Trough during the later part of the Holocene despite a weakened WGC.

Published
2020
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28. Simulation of Single Particle Displacement Damage in Si1-xGex alloys – Interaction of Primary Particles with the Material and Generation of the Damage Structure

Author

Jarrin, Thomas, Jay, Antoine, Raine, Mélanie, Mousseau, Normand, Hémeryck, Anne, Richard, Nicolas, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Équipe Modélisation Multi-niveaux des Matériaux (LAAS-M3), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; Primary interaction simulations with neutrons are performed on Si1-xGex alloys with a Monte-Carlo (MC) code using the Binary Collision Approximation (BCA). Then, a statistical study of the collisions cascades development in Si0.8Ge0.2, Si0.7Ge0.3 and Si0.5Ge0.5 is carried out using Molecular Dynamics (MD) starting from both Si and Ge Primary Knock-On Atoms (PKAs) of 1 keV, 5 keV and 10 keV. The well-known Stillinger-Weber (SW) MD potential which can be employed to study Si, Ge and Si1-xGex is here coupled to the Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark (ZBL) Universal Potential to better describe the collisions between atoms. To account for the stopping power of the electrons the Two-Temperature Model (TTM) is combined with MD. Similar studies are performed on pure Si and pure Ge in order to be able to compare our Si-Ge alloys damage structures with reference materials. Moreover, data obtained with TTM-MD on Si, Ge and Si1-xGex is compared with collision cascades statistical data from MC codes.

Published
2020
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29. Assessment of Ba/Ca in Arctica islandica shells as a proxy for phytoplankton dynamics in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean

Author

Philippe Archambault, Laurent Chauvaud, Pierre Poitevin, Pascal Lazure, Julien Thébault, Justine Doré, Gwénaëlle Chaillou, André Poirier, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Departement de Biologie [Québec], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), This research is a contribution of LIA-BeBEST, an international collaboration between French (IUEM-UBO, LEMAR - Brest) and Canadian (ISMER-UQAR, Rimouski) academic institutions. We thank the LEMAR and the DFO for their help. We are sincerely grateful to Dr. Virginie Roy (MLI, Quebec-Canada) for her relevant advice and her kindness. In addition, we express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Simon B.elanger (UQAR) and Dr. Peter Galbraith (MLI) for their help to disentangle the information and Herl.e Goraguer (Ifremer delegate in SPM) for his commitment to the preparation and sending of a part of the samples. We show our appreciation to Laure Devine and Hannah Whitby for their useful comments. We also thank Eric Dabas for his technical assistance in the sclerochronology process. Finally, we would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions in a previous version of the manuscript. This research was supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to G.C.) and the Canada Research Chair Program (to G.C.) as well as the Region Bretagne and the Cluster of Excellence LabexMER. This research was carried out as part of the Ph.D. thesis of Justine Dore for the University of Western Brittany. All the data used to produce the results of this paper may be obtained by contacting the corresponding author., ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Chlorophyll, Chlorophyll a, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Global climate, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), Cross-dating, chemistry.chemical_compound, Food chain, Northwestern Atlantic, Phytoplankton, A. islandica, 14. Life underwater, Master chronology, Arctica islandica, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Ba/Ca, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology, Chronology
Abstract

International audience; Despite its major role as a global climate regulator, little is known about the recent evolution of the North Atlantic Ocean, especially prior to the fifties, principally because of the lack of long-term instrumental data. Moreover, the North Atlantic Ocean is undergoing rapid changes at the physical scale leading to modifications at the biological scale increasing interest to monitor the environment. The phytoplankton is the base of the ocean life and its perturbation can lead to further changes in the food chain. Recording its dynamics implies to observe both its spatial and temporal variations. This study brings forward the use of the Ba/Ca ratio from shells of the long-living bivalve Arctica islandica collected in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean near Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (SPM) as a recorder of the past and present phytoplankton dynamics. A high inter and intra-reproducibility and synchrony between Ba/Cashell profiles were demonstrated allowing the reconstruction of a 124 years annually-resolved Ba/Cashell master chronology (from 1893 to 2016). This master chronology was positively correlated to the surface chlorophyll a measured by satellite sensor at regional (around SPM) and global scales (Northwestern Atlantic).

Published
2020
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30. Dominance Criteria on Grids for Measuring Seasonal Competitive Imbalance in Sports Leagues

Author

Dubois, Marc, Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), and Dubois, Marc

Subjects
Stochastic dominance, Lorenz criterion, JEL: Z - Other Special Topics/Z.Z2 - Sports Economics/Z.Z2.Z28 - Policy, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, Grids, Competitive imbalance, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L8 - Industry Studies: Services/L.L8.L83 - Sports • Gambling • Restaurants • Recreation • Tourism, [QFIN] Quantitative Finance [q-fin]
Abstract

The paper proposes a dominance criterion that assesses whether a seasonal outcome of a sports league is more imbalanced than another. This criterion, known as downward seasonal balance (DSB), is proposed as a strategy to measure competitive imbalance when the Lorenz criterion is inconclusive. The DSB criterion places at least as much emphasis on competitive imbalance between leading competitors as on imbalance occurring among the non-leading competitors. DSB is a novel third-order stochastic dominance defined on finite sets of evenly spaced seasonal points (seasonal grids). An empirical application provides comparisons of seasonal outcomes of the five most competitive soccer leagues in Europe.

Published
2020

31. Oxygen and sulfur mass-independent isotopic signatures in black crusts: the complementary negative Δ33S reservoir of sulfate aerosols?

Author

Genot, Isabelle, Yang, David, Martin, Erwan, Cartigny, Pierre, Legendre, Erwann, de Rafélis, Marc, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Montréal] (EPS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), This research has been supported by the ANR (grant no. 14-CE33-0009-02-FOFAMIFS)., ANR-05-PADD-0014,ACDUQ,Action collective pour une maîtrise durable de la santé animale : qualification sanitaire en élevage de ruminants(2005), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES
Abstract

To better understand the formation and the oxidation pathways leading to gypsum-forming “black crusts” and investigate their bearing on the whole atmospheric SO2 cycle, we measured the oxygen (δ17O, δ18O, and Δ17O) and sulfur (δ33S, δ34S, δ36S, Δ33S, and Δ36S) isotopic compositions of black crust sulfates sampled on carbonate building stones along a NW–SE cross section in the Parisian basin. The δ18O and δ34S values, ranging between 7.5 ‰ and 16.7±0.5 ‰ (n=27, 2σ) and between −2.66 ‰ and 13.99±0.20 ‰, respectively, show anthropogenic SO2 as the main sulfur source (from ∼2 % to 81 %, average ∼30 %) with host-rock sulfates making the complement. This is supported by Δ17O values (up to 2.6 ‰, on average ∼0.86 ‰), requiring > 60 % of atmospheric sulfates in black crusts. Negative Δ33S and Δ36S values between −0.34 ‰ and 0.00±0.01 ‰ and between −0.76 ‰ and -0.22±0.20 ‰, respectively, were measured in black crust sulfates, which is typical of a magnetic isotope effect that would occur during the SO2 oxidation on the building stone, leading to 33S depletion in black crust sulfates and subsequent 33S enrichment in residual SO2. Except for a few samples, sulfate aerosols mostly have Δ33S values > 0 ‰, and no processes can yet explain this enrichment, resulting in an inconsistent S budget: black crust sulfates could well represent the complementary negative Δ33S reservoir of the sulfate aerosols, thus solving the atmospheric SO2 budget.

Published
2020
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32. Oceanic versus continental influences over the last 7 kyrs from a mid-shelf record in the northern Bay of Biscay (NE Atlantic)

Author

Mathieu Durand, Jena Zumaque, Meryem Mojtahid, Clément Lambert, Guillaume Charria, Yvan Pailler, Pierre-Olivier Coste, Pierre Stéphan, Maïwen Herlédan, Jérôme Goslin, Aurélie Penaud, Muriel Vidal, Frédérique Eynaud, Axelle Ganne, Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de recherche ARchéologie et Architecture (LARA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Marines (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Brest), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Bio-Indicateurs Actuels et Fossiles (BIAF), Université d'Angers (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atlantic subpolar gyre, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Vegetation dynamics, Winter horizontal thermohaline front, Ocean gyre, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Stable isotopes, Palynology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Rapid climate change, sPrecipitation regimes, Geology, Estuary, 15. Life on land, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, North Atlantic oscillation, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Thermohaline circulation, Bay
Abstract

International audience; We discuss paleoenvironments of north-western France over the last 7 kyrs in terms of: i) long-term changes (relative sea-level rise and boreal summer insolation), ii) rapid climate changes (millennial-scale Bond events and multi-decadal regimes of the North Atlantic Oscillation: NAO) and iii) growing human impacts in watersheds. Our study focuses on the CBT-CS11 core, retrieved in the northern Bay of Biscay, with new high-resolution (70 years) palynological data (dinoflagellate cysts and pollen), combined with sedimentological and oxygen stable isotopic records. This multiproxy approach enabled us to gain a better understanding of the influence of varying Middle to Late Holocene climate regimes on marine, coastal and terrestrial ecosystems as well as on human coastal societies. We especially show that the slowdown of the relative sea-level rise, starting at around 5.9 ka BP, led to the stabilization of tidal flats in estuarine environments. Subsequently, increasing river flows to the ocean resulted in a progressive seasonal stratification of the shelf under increasing winter precipitations and establishment of the modern winter thermohaline front at 3.3 ka BP. In addition, within the 4–2 ka BP interval, palynological and sedimentological evidence suggests increasing river discharges in north-western France, in a context of a weakened Atlantic subpolar gyre and recurrent negative “NAO-like” conditions. Finally, we identified a major transition at around 1.2 ka BP (Early Middle-Ages) that appears to be linked to a period of maximal anthropogenic landscape opening and soil erosion, implying stronger primary productivity in coastal surface waters of the studied region.

Published
2020
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33. Rhythmic Abilities of Children With Hearing Loss

Author

Eric Truy, Simone Dalla Bella, Annabelle Zécri, Stéphane Roman, Céline Hidalgo, Daniele Schön, Simone Falk, Jacques Pesnot-Lerousseau, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Université de Montréal (UdeM), International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research [Montréal, Canada] (BRAMS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM), ANR-16-CE28-0012,RALP,Effets de la stimulation rythmique sur le traitement du langage chez le sujet sain et chez l'enfant avec troubles du langage(2016), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Hidalgo, Céline

Subjects
Hearing aid, medicine.medical_specialty, Speech perception, Hearing loss, medicine.medical_treatment, Metronome, Audiology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Rhythmic abilities, 03 medical and health sciences, Speech and Hearing, [SCCO]Cognitive science, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, 0302 clinical medicine, Rhythm, Hearing Aids, Sensorimotor synchronization, law, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, Temporal structure complexity, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Child, 010301 acoustics, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Working memory, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, [SCCO] Cognitive science, Language acquisition, Cochlear Implantation, Otorhinolaryngology, Duration (music), Child, Preschool, Acoustic structure complexity, Speech Perception, Cochlear implants, medicine.symptom, Psychology, [SDV.NEU.SC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Children with hearing loss (HL), in spite of early cochlear implantation, often struggle considerably with language acquisition. Previous research has shown a benefit of rhythmic training on linguistic skills in children with HL, suggesting that improving rhythmic capacities could help attenuating language difficulties. However, little is known about general rhythmic skills of children with HL and how they relate to speech perception. The aim of this study is twofold: (1) to assess the abilities of children with HL in different rhythmic sensorimotor synchronization tasks compared to a normal-hearing control group and (2) to investigate a possible relation between sensorimotor synchronization abilities and speech perception abilities in children with HL.Design: A battery of sensorimotor synchronization tests with stimuli of varying acoustic and temporal complexity was used: a metronome, different musical excerpts, and complex rhythmic patterns. Synchronization abilities were assessed in 32 children (aged from 5 to 10 years) with a severe to profound HL mainly fitted with one or two cochlear implants (n = 28) or with hearing aids (n = 4). Working memory and sentence repetition abilities were also assessed. Performance was compared to an age-matched control group of 24 children with normal hearing. The comparison took into account variability in working memory capacities. For children with HL only, we computed linear regressions on speech, sensorimotor synchronization, and working memory abilities, including device-related variables such as onset of device use, type of device, and duration of use.Results: Compared to the normal-hearing group, children with HL performed poorly in all sensorimotor synchronization tasks, but the effect size was greater for complex as compared to simple stimuli. Group differences in working memory did not explain this result. Linear regression analysis revealed that working memory, synchronization to complex rhythms performances, age, and duration of device use predicted the number of correct syllables produced in a sentence repetition task. Conclusion: Despite early cochlear implantation or hearing aid use, hearing impairment affects the quality of temporal processing of acoustic stimuli in congenitally deaf children. This deficit seems to be more severe with stimuli of increasing rhythmic complexity highlighting a difficulty in structuring sounds according to a temporal hierarchy.

Published
2020
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34. Detrended fluctuation analysis of gait dynamics when entraining to music and metronomes at different tempi in persons with multiple sclerosis

Author

Simone Dalla Bella, Pieter-Jan Maes, Marc Leman, Lousin Moumdjian, Leslie M. Decker, Bart Moens, Peter Feys, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Hasselt University (UHasselt), International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research [Montréal, Canada] (BRAMS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music [Montréal, Canada] (CRBLM), University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw [Varsovie, Pologne], Mobilités : Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé (COMETE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), We acknowledge the Methusalem project (awarded by the Flemish Government) at UGent and the UHasselt BOF grant (BOF16DOC41) for funding this study., Moens, Bart/0000-0002-1281-9406, Decker, Leslie/0000-0003-2929-0761, Bodescot, Myriam, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, lcsh:Medicine, Metronome, Walking, Therapeutics, Audiology, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, DISEASE, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Group differences, law, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], VALIDITY, lcsh:Science, Gait, Aged, TO-STRIDE VARIABILITY, Multidisciplinary, 05 social sciences, Rehabilitation, lcsh:R, Outcome measures, Middle Aged, FRACTAL FLUCTUATIONS, Arts and Architecture, Step frequency, Acoustic Stimulation, Time Perception, Auditory stimuli, Detrended fluctuation analysis, Auditory Perception, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, lcsh:Q, Psychology, human activities, WALKING, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

In persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), synchronizing walking to auditory stimuli such as to music and metronomes have been shown to be feasible, and positive clinical effects have been reported on step frequency and perception of fatigue. Yet, the dynamic interaction during the process of synchronization, such as the coupling of the steps to the beat intervals in music and metronomes, and at different tempi remain unknown. Understanding these interactions are clinically relevant, as it reflects the pattern of step intervals over time, known as gait dynamics. 28 PwMS and 29 healthy controls were instructed to walk to music and metronomes at 6 tempi (0-10% in increments of 2%). Detrended fluctuation analysis was applied to calculate the fractal statistical properties of the gait time-series to quantify gait dynamics by the outcome measure alpha. The results showed no group differences, but significantly higher alpha when walking to music compared to metronomes, and when walking to both stimuli at tempi+8,+10% compared to lower tempi. These observations suggest that the precision and adaptation gain differ during the coupling of the steps to beats in music compared to metronomes (continuous compared to discrete auditory structures) and at different tempi (different inter-beat-intervals). We acknowledge the Methusalem project (awarded by the Flemish Government) at UGent and the UHasselt BOF grant (BOF16DOC41) for funding this study. Moumdjian, L (corresponding author), Univ Ghent, IPEM Inst Psychoacoust & Elect Mus, Fac Arts & Philosophy, Ghent, Belgium ; Hasselt Univ, Fac Rehabil Sci, REVAL Rehabil Res Ctr, Hasselt, Belgium. lousin.moumddjian@ugent.be

Published
2020
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35. Using 226Ra and 228Ra isotopes to distinguish water mass distribution in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Author

Helmuth Thomas, Hugh L. MacIntyre, Christophe Monnin, Frank Dehairs, Alfonso Mucci, Matthew A. Charette, Paul B. Henderson, Chantal Mears, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)

Subjects
Water mass, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010505 oceanography, δ18O, Continental shelf, Geotraces, Halocline, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of oxygen, Oceanography, Arctic, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Hydrography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

As a shelf-dominated basin, the Arctic Ocean and its biogeochemistry are heavily influenced by continental and riverine sources. Radium isotopes (226Ra, 228Ra, 224Ra, and 223Ra), are transferred from the sediments to seawater, making them ideal tracers of sediment–water exchange processes and ocean mixing. As the two long-lived isotopes of the radium quartet, 226Ra and 228Ra (226Ra with a t1∕2 of 1600 years and 228Ra with a t1∕2 of 5.8 years) can provide insight into the water mass compositions, distribution patterns, as well as mixing processes and their associated timescales throughout the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). The wide range of 226Ra and 228Ra activities, as well as of the 228Ra∕226Ra, measured in water samples collected during the 2015 GEOTRACES cruise, complemented by additional chemical tracers – dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (AT), barium (Ba), and the stable oxygen isotope composition of water (δ18O) – highlight the dominant biogeochemical, hydrographic, and bathymetric features of the CAA. Bathymetric features, such as the continental shelf and shallow coastal sills, are critical in modulating circulation patterns within the CAA, including the bulk flow of Pacific waters and the inhibited eastward flow of denser Atlantic waters through the CAA. Using a principal component analysis, we unravel the dominant mechanisms and apparent water mass end-members that shape the tracer distributions. We identify two distinct water masses located above and below the upper halocline layer throughout the CAA and distinctly differentiate surface waters in the eastern and western CAA. Furthermore, we highlight water exchange across 80∘ W, inferring a draw of Atlantic water (originating from Baffin Bay) into the CAA. This underscores the presence of an Atlantic water “U-turn” located at Barrow Strait, where the same water mass is seen along the northernmost edge at 80∘ W as well as along the southeasternmost confines of Lancaster Sound. Overall, this study provides a stepping stone for future research initiatives within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, revealing how quantifying disparities in the distributions of radioactive tracers can provide valuable information on water mass distributions, flow patterns, and mixing within vulnerable areas such as the CAA.

Published
2020
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36. Multi-element isotopic evolution of magmatic rocks from Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex (Chile-Argentina): Involvement of mature slab recycled materials

Author

Emilie Roulleau, Naoto Takahata, Daniele Tardani, Ivan Vlastélic, Yuji Sano, Nicolas Vinet, Juan Sanchez, GEOTOP-UQAM-McGill, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Européen des membranes ( IEM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] ( AORI ), The University of Tokyo, Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, Mantle wedge, Partial melting, Trace element, Geochemistry, Geology, 15. Life on land, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Volcano, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Magmatism, South American Plate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In the Southern Volcanic Zone (Chile-Argentina), the active Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex (CCVC) is approximately 30 km east of the main N-S trending volcanic front, where the Nazca Plate subducts under the South American Plate. CCVC activity includes three major stages: the 5–4 Ma old Ante-Caviahue series, the 2.6 Ma old Caviahue series, and Copahue volcano that has been active since 1.2 Ma ago. CCVC volcanism results from extension and slab steepening since 2.6 Ma ago that produces the asthenospheric influx under Copahue. Here we investigate the link between the geochemical and multi-element (He, Li, N, Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb) isotopic composition of CCVC magmas and evolution of the subduction regime since 5 Ma ago. The CCVC magmatic source is characterized by a mid-ocean ridge basalt-like mantle signature (high 3He/4He = 8 Ra) and a high δ15N (+ 5.8‰) related to subducted sediments. These data suggest a significant degree of N recycling, but low 4He recycling over time. Trace element and isotope modeling indicates that the influence of sediments is strongest in Copahue magmatism, whereas the mantle wedge contribution was strongest in Caviahue and Ante-Caviahue magmatism. The light rare earth element-enriched nature of Copahue rocks (compared to Caviahue and Ante-Caviahue rocks) is more likely due to incorporation of sediments from the slab rather than a very low degree of partial melting. The low δ7Li (0.44 ± 0.31‰ to 1.42 ± 0.17‰) of Copahue and Caviahue magmas indicates the contribution of a mature slab depleted in 7Li during previous dehydration events. Conversely, Ante-Caviahue rocks have a moderate δ7Li value (2.63‰), suggesting input from a less-dehydrated slab. This is consistent with trace element data, showing that the Copahue (and Caviahue) source is less enriched in fluid-mobile elements (low Ba/Th and U/Th ratios). We propose that the geochemical and isotopic evolution of CCVC magmas records the evolution of the subduction regime under the CCVC. Ante-Caviahue magmas were produced in an arc front extensional regime in which the shallow, extensively dehydrating slab delivered large amounts of fluids to the melting zone. Later slab steepening caused the volcanic front to migrate west of the CCVC, probably due to the beginning of subduction in the Mocha fault zone (south of CCVC) 2.5–5 Ma ago. Crustal attenuation and asthenospheric influx under the CCVC produced Caviahue magmatism. Further progressive slab steepening and successive dehydration events produced a mature slab and dry mantle wedge that explain the particular signature of Copahue magmas.

Published
2018
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37. Application and evaluation of the dendroclimatic process-based model MAIDEN during the last century in Canada and Europe

Author

Mathieu Jonard, Hugues Goosse, Étienne Boucher, Frédéric André, Fabio Gennaretti, Jeanne Rezsöhazy, Joel Guiot, Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS1.A841.18Laboratory of Excellence OT-Med ANR-11-LABEX-0061Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS Fonds de recherche Societe et culture Quebec through the ClimHuNor project R.60.03.18.FLaboratory of Excellence OT-Med (A*MIDEX project) 11-IDEX-0001-02, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, and École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Calibration (statistics), Proxy system model, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, Context (language use), Growth, Overfitting, Forests, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 01 natural sciences, Tree-ring Width, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Reconstructions, Dendrochronology, Responses, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Sensitivity (control systems), Precipitation, Photosynthesis, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Millennium, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Carbon Allocation, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, Tree rings, Temperature, Paleontology, 15. Life on land, Tree (data structure), 13. Climate action, Process-based modelling, Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Environmental science, Downscaling, Climatic Drivers
Abstract

Tree-ring archives are one of the main sources of information to reconstruct climate variations over the last millennium with annual resolution. The links between tree-ring proxies and climate have usually been estimated using statistical approaches, assuming linear and stationary relationships. Both assumptions may be inadequate but this issue can be overcome by ecophysiological modelling based on mechanistic understanding. In this respect, the model MAIDEN (Modeling and Analysis In DENdroecology) simulating tree ring growth from daily temperature and precipitation, considering carbon assimilation and allocation in forest stands, may constitute a valuable tool. However, the lack of local meteorological data and the limited characterisation of tree species traits can complicate the calibration and validation of such complex model, which may hamper paleoclimate applications. The goal of this study is to test the applicability of the MAIDEN model in a paleoclimate context using as a test case tree ring observations covering the twentieth century from twenty-one Eastern Canadian taiga sites and three European sites. More specifically, we investigate the model sensitivity to parameters calibration and to the quality of climatic inputs and evaluate the model performance using a validation procedure. We also examine the added value of using MAIDEN in paleoclimate applications compared to a simpler tree-growth model, VS-Lite. A bayesian calibration of the most sensitive model parameters provides good results at most of the selected sites with high correlations between simulated and observed tree-growth. Although MAIDEN is found to be sensitive to the quality of the climatic inputs, simple bias-correction and downscaling techniques of these data improve significantly the performance of the model. The split-sample validation of MAIDEN gives encouraging results but requires long tree-ring and meteorological series to give robust results. We also highlight a risk of overfitting in the calibration of model parameters that increases with short series. Finally, MAIDEN has shown higher calibration and validation correlations in most cases compared to VS-Lite. Nevertheless, this latter model turns out to be more stable over calibration and validation periods. Our results provide a protocol for the application of MAIDEN to potentially any site with tree-ring width data in the extratropical region.

Published
2019
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38. Etricourt-Manancourt (Somme, France) : A Reference Loess Sequence and Archaeological Site for the Last 350 ka

Author

David Hérisson, Sylvie Coutard, Emilie Goval, Jean‑luc Locht, Pierre Antoine, Yoann Chantreau, Stéphane Pirson, Paolo Spagna, Sanda Balescu, Nick Debenham, Laurence Forget Brisson, Magali Barré, Romain Giros, Michel Lamothe, Elie Dabrowski, Anthropologie des techniques, des espaces et des territoires au Pliocène et au Pléistocène (AnTET), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Service Public de Wallonie, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Quaternary TL surveys, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université de Lille, Histoire Archéologie Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Hérisson, David, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Histoire Archéologie Littérature des Mondes Anciens (HALMA) - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université McGill -Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Archaeology, Archéologie, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Prehistory, Préhistoire, Loess, Paléolithique inférieur, Paléolithique, Paléolithique moyen, Palaeolithic
Abstract

International audience; A new Middle Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequence was uncovered during a preventive excavation at Étricourt-Manancourt (Somme, France). The full 12-m-thick sequence exhibits five stacked glacial-interglacial cycles and integrates five in situ Palaeolithic levels and remarkably one Acheulean level dated by TL on burned flints at about 280 - 300 ka. Detailed field stratigraphic approach has been completed by a high-resolution sedimentological study (grain size, TOC) based on a set of more than 380 5-cm-thick samples collected from continuous sampling columns covering the entire units, more than 110 micromorphological block samples for thin sections analysis and a set of 37 sub-samples for the study of heavy minerals. Despite specific samples (tubes) having been extracted for future OSL dating, the geochronological control is mainly based on TL dating of heated (archaeological) flints, completed by IRSL dating on K-feldspars. The study of four reference profiles distributed throughout the excavation, and their correlation using well defined pedological level marks led to the definition of a ca. 12-m-thick cumulative loess-palaeosols succession including eighteen main stratigraphic units. This approach allowed building a global pedosedimentary sequences for the Étricourt site that presently serves as a reference for northern France, and more broadly the loess belt.The archaeological excavation, located on the slope of a dry valley, was opened over more than 4500 m². Five in situ Palaeolithic occupations have been excavated, dating from 330 to 70 ka. The youngest occupation dates from 70 to 80 ka (Weichselian) and corresponds to a recent phase of the Middle Palaeolithic. The next two layers belong to the Early Middle Palaeolithic, between 190 and 240 ka (Saalian). Finally, the two oldest layers have dates between 330 and 280 ka (Saalian) and belong to the Lower Palaeolithic. We propose to present the archaeological and chronostratigraphic results of the excavation of Etricourt-Manancourt and its input with high resolution data to the knowledge of the Saalian and the Weichselian in Northern France and in North-Western Europe.

Published
2019

39. Decoding Task-Related Functional Brain Imaging Data to Identify Developmental Disorders: The Case of Congenital Amusia

Author

Philippe Albouy, Anne Caclin, Sam V. Norman-Haignere, Yohana Lévêque, Isabelle Peretz, Barbara Tillmann, Robert J. Zatorre, Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal (UdeM), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Dycog, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research [Montréal, Canada] (BRAMS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Brain Dynamics and Cognition (DYCOG), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs (LSP), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Columbia University [New York], ANR-10-LABX-0060,CeLyA,Lyon Acoustics Centre(2010), ANR-11-LABX-0042,CORTEX,Construction, Fonction Cognitive et Réhabilitation du Cerveau(2011), and ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011)

Subjects
[SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, diagnostic, Amusia, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, lcsh:RC321-571, tone deafness, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Biological neural network, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, task-based fMRI, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Original Research, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, Developmental disorder, Statistical classification, Functional Brain Imaging, Tone deafness, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), Psychology, Classifier (UML), Neuroscience, brain-based biomarkers, sMRI, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Decoding methods, psychological phenomena and processes, rs-fMRI
Abstract

International audience; Machine learning classification techniques are frequently applied to structural and resting-state fMRI data to identify brain-based biomarkers for developmental disorders. However, task-related fMRI has rarely been used as a diagnostic tool. Here, we used structural MRI, resting-state connectivity and task-based fMRI data to detect congenital amusia, a pitch-specific developmental disorder. All approaches discriminated amusics from controls in meaningful brain networks at similar levels of accuracy. Interestingly, the classifier outcome was specific to deficit-related neural circuits, as the group classification failed for fMRI data acquired during a verbal task for which amusics were unimpaired. Most importantly, classifier outputs of task-related fMRI data predicted individual behavioral performance on an independent pitch-based task, while this relationship was not observed for structural or resting-state data. These results suggest that task-related imaging data can potentially be used as a powerful diagnostic tool to identify developmental disorders as they allow for the prediction of symptom severity.

Published
2019
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40. Revisiting Pressure-Induced Transitions in Mesoporous Anatase TiO2

Author

Vittoria Pischedda, Denis Machon, Jérémie Margueritat, Laurence Bois, Quentin Martinet, Sylvie Le Floch, Alexis Forestier, Denis Morris, Lucien Saviot, Défi Jr.Jubgang Fandio, Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2 ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique [Sherbrooke] (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), (nano)Matériaux pour l'énergie (ENERGIE), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Spectroscopies optiques des matériaux verres, amorphes et à nanoparticules (SOPRANO), Luminescence (LUMINESCENCE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Phase transition, Anatase, Materials science, Nanoparticle, Oxides, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], General Energy, Chemical engineering, Chemical structure, Phase transitions, Phase (matter), Nanoparticles, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Mesoporous material, Porosity
Abstract

International audience; Mesoporous materials may be considered as the negative image of a collection of nanoparticles. In both cases, the large surface area induces an increase of the system energy. Pressure-induced phase transitions are used to study the differences between mesoporous TiO 2 and a collection of TiO 2 nanoparticles. The synthesis and characterization of mesoporous TiO 2 with a nanosponge-like structure are presented and the inputs of different spectroscopic techniques (Terahertz, Brillouin and Raman) are highlighted. The results show that the phase stability of mesoporous TiO 2 under pressure is very similar to that observed in nanoparticles. 2

Published
2019
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41. Reconstruction of the MIS 5.5, 5.3 and 5.1 coastal terraces in Latium (central Italy): A re-evaluation of the sea-level history in the Mediterranean Sea during the last interglacial

Author

Maurizio Gatta, Sébastien Nomade, Bassam Ghaleb, Cristiano Tolomei, Alessandra Smedile, Danilo M. Palladino, Leonardo Salari, Brian R. Jicha, Alison Pereira, Pierre Voinchet, Carlo Peretto, Roxane Rocca, Daniele Aureli, Michelangelo La Rosa, Fabio Florindo, Carmelo Petronio, Fabrizio Marra, Olivier Tombret, Piero Ceruleo, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Mario Federico Rolfo, Marco Anzidei, Cristophe Falguères, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Roma (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DOSIsoft, Anthropologie des techniques, des espaces et des territoires au Pliocène et au Pléistocène (AnTET), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U.R. Ecologia Preistorica, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali ', Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Bologna (INGV), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ethnologie préhistorique, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université McGill -Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Sea-level history, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Geochronology, coastal terraces, geomorphology, sea-level history, last interglacial, Quaternary stratigraphy, geochronology, Settore L-ANT/01, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Tectonic uplift, Mediterranean sea, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Sea level, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Last interglacial, Elevation, Geomorphology, Coral reef, Post-glacial rebound, 15. Life on land, Tectonics, Interglacial, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology, Coastal terraces
Abstract

We present a geomorphological, stratigraphical and geochronological study reconstructing a suite of paleo-surfaces in a 200 km-long coastal sector of the central Tyrrhenian Sea between Argentario and Circeo promontories. Identification of the near-shore deposits associated with these paleo-surfaces allow us to define corresponding marine terraces and paleo sea-levels. 40Ar/39Ar and ESR/U-Th geochronologic constraints on key deposits provide correlation with the terraces previously recognized in the coast of central Latium, refining their correlation with the Marine Isotopic Stages. Results of this study enable us to: Propose a re-assessment of the ages for the sea-level markers of MIS 5.5, 5.3, 5.1 in the central Tyrrhenian Sea; Suggest that a continuous tectonic uplift with an average rate of 0.224 mm/yr affects the Latium coast since 200 ka; Provide new evidence for a MIS 5.5 paleo-sea level marker occurring at ~35 m a.s.l. on the coastal sector extending from Montalto di Castro to Latina, while it possibly drops down and connects to a paleo sea-level ranging 10 - 5 m between Monte Circeo and Gaeta, previously attributed to this interglacial; Discussing possible evidence of similar elevation of the sea level during MIS 5.5, 5.3 and 5.1 interglacials in the Tyrrhenian Sea; Compare this datum with those from the western Pacific and several coral reefs, where the differences with respect to tectonically stable regions were attributed either to tectonics or to the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment, showing that the presented record of sea-level markers may have a strong impact on modeling the post-glacial effects in the Mediterranean Sea and on the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies in this region.

Published
2019
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42. The Genesis of Blue Diamonds

Author

Daver, Lucille, Bureau, Helene, Gaillou, Eloise, Boulard, E., Baptiste, Benoît, Belhadj, Oulfa, Guignot, Nicolas, Foy, Eddy, Cartigny, Pierre, Pinti, Daniele L., Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université McGill -Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Forming fluid: Primary and secondary inclusions may be the witness of a H 0-C parent fluid 2 graphiteMineral assemblage: Inclusion of Ilmenite : Eclogitic paragenesis at lithospheric depthInclusion of walstromite (retrogressed Ca-Perovskite (CaTiO3); >9 Gpa): Sub-lithospheric depthBoron: inherited from sea water through the subduction zone : H 0 + C + boron, available in the 2 organiclithosphere after slab dehydration: Data suggest a deep recycling of marine fluids that may be the theparents of blue diamondsWe suggest that blue diamonds are not exclusively ultra-deep and may form at any depth in themantle, from lithosphere (>150km) down to the lower mantle (~750 km), in subduction-related B-CHO-rich fluids.

Published
2019

43. Binaural Beats through the auditory pathway: from brainstem to connectivity patterns

Author

Hector D. Orozco Perez, Guillaume Dumas, Alexandre Lehmann, International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), The authors of this paper would like to thank Pierre Rainville and Bérangère Houze for sharing the E - SAS scales, Mihaela Felezeu for all the help and support during data acquisition and our participants for volunteering their time to perform the experiment, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University [Boca Raton], GD was financially supported by the Institut Pasteur., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université McGill -Université de Montréal (UdeM), and McGill University

Subjects
Auditory Pathways, Brain activity and meditation, media_common.quotation_subject, binaural beats, brain entrainment, Stimulus (physiology), Monaural, 050105 experimental psychology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Perception, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Single-Blind Method, EEG, 10. No inequality, media_common, Auditory Cortex, Brainwave entrainment, Binaural beats, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, brain connectivity, Monaural beats, Electroencephalography, General Medicine, Frequency following response, Acoustic Stimulation, Cognition and Behavior, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Neuroscience, Binaural recording, Auditory illusion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article: New Research, Brain Stem
Abstract

Visual Abstract, Binaural beating is a perceptual auditory illusion occurring when presenting two neighboring frequencies to each ear separately. Several controversial claims have been attributed to binaural beats regarding their ability to entrain human brain activity and mood, in both the scientific literature and the marketing realm. Here, we sought to address those questions in a robust fashion using a single-blind, active-controlled protocol. To do so, we compared the effects of binaural beats with a control beat stimulation (monaural beats, known to entrain brain activity but not mood) across four distinct levels in the human auditory pathway: subcortical and cortical entrainment, scalp-level functional connectivity and self-reports. Both stimuli elicited standard subcortical responses at the pure tone frequencies of the stimulus [i.e., frequency following response (FFR)], and entrained the cortex at the beat frequency [i.e., auditory steady state response (ASSR)]. Furthermore, functional connectivity patterns were modulated differentially by both kinds of stimuli, with binaural beats being the only one eliciting cross-frequency activity. Despite this, we did not find any mood modulation related to our experimental manipulation. Our results provide evidence that binaural beats elicit cross frequency connectivity patterns, but weakly entrain the cortex when compared with monaural beat stimuli. Whether binaural beats have an impact on cognitive performance or other mood measurements remains to be seen and can be further investigated within the proposed methodological framework.

Published
2019
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44. Geochemical study of carbonate concretions from the aqueduct of Nîmes (southern France): a climatic record for the first centuries AD?

Author

Yacine Benjelloun, Jean-François Hélie, Laurence Le Callonnec, Julie Carlut, Gilles Chazot, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université McGill -Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Environmental change, Geochemistry, lcsh:Medicine, Aqueduct, Palaeoclimate, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cave, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Sedimentology, lcsh:Science, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:R, 15. Life on land, Karst, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Period (geology), Carbonate, lcsh:Q, Sedimentary rock, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Geology
Abstract

The first centuries AD in the Mediterranean region have generally been associated with a warm, stable climate. High-resolution sedimentary archives sensitive to local environmental change are needed to switch from this general frame to the regional scale. Similarly to cave speleothems, laminated carbonate deposits can grow in the channels of aqueducts which transported water from karstic springs during the Roman period. The deposits of the aqueduct of Nîmes (SE France) are exceptional since they may represent several centuries of paleoenvironmental record with a seasonal resolution. δ18O, δ13C and trace elements were measured in three samples from this aqueduct. The comparison of the geochemical signals with the fine texture of the deposits evidenced the seasonal nature of the lamination observed. This allowed us to document the evolution of environment as recorded through the deposit for the period 50–275 AD. The concretions of the aqueduct of Nîmes document rather stable climatic conditions for the first three centuries AD, as well as a local vegetation change possibly linked to an increased in land use.

Published
2019
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45. Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Irradiation Effects

Author

Charlotte Becquart, Christophe Domain, Normand Mousseau, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Département de Physique [Montréal], Université de Montréal (UdeM), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Rudy J.M. Konings, Roger E. Stoller, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe [RQMP], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Microstructural evolution, Event Kinetic Monte Carlo, Object Kinetic Monte Carlo, Chemistry, On-the-fly Kinetic Monte Carlo, Monte Carlo method, Lattice Kinetic Monte Carlo, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomistic Kinetic Monte Carlo, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Kinetic Monte Carlo, Statistical physics, Irradiation, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Mise à jour de l'édition 2019; International audience; This article describes a family of Monte Carlo methods currently in use to model radiation-induced microstructural evolution. After introducing the method in general and the specifics of its application to radiation damage studies, we present an overview of typical issues that have been investigated using this approach so far as well as chosen examples from the literature to illustrate. The article concludes with a description of the limitations of these approaches and presents possible ways of improvement that could be useful for further development.

Published
2019
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46. Waziers (59) : 130 000 ans à la recherche des bois perdus

Author

David Hérisson, Jean‑luc Locht, Luc Vallin, Laurent Deschodt, Pierre Antoine, Patrick Auguste, Nicole Limondin-Lozouet, Agnès Gauthier, Sophie Lefebvre, Guillaume Hulin, Bertrand Masson, Bassam Ghaleb, Clement Virmoux, J Bahain, J., Tiphanie Chica-Lefort, Field, M., Ph Ponel, Lécuyer, C., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Anthropologie des techniques, des espaces et des territoires au Pliocène et au Pléistocène (AnTET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Régional de l'Archéologie du Nord-Pas-de-Calais (SRA Nord-Pas-de-Calais), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Institut de Paléontologie Humaine (IPH), Fondation I.P.H-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere (PEPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Universiteit Leiden, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fondation I.P.H, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université McGill -Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Hérisson, David, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published
2018

47. Do GCMs predict the climate ... or macroweather?

Author

Shaun Lovejoy, D. J. Varon, Daniel Schertzer, Department of Physics [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), laboratoire Eau, Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)

Subjects
Meteorological models, Biogeochemical cycle, lcsh:Dynamic and structural geology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Scale (ratio), Atmospheric circulation, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Land ice, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QE500-639.5, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Climate model, lcsh:Science, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We are used to the weather–climate dichotomy, yet the great majority of the spectral variance of atmospheric fields is in the continuous "background" and this defines instead a trichotomy with a "macroweather" regime in the intermediate range from ≈10 days to 10–30 yr (≈100 yr in the preindustrial period). In the weather, macroweather and climate regimes, exponents characterize the type of variability over the entire regime and it is natural to identify them with qualitatively different synergies of nonlinear dynamical mechanisms that repeat scale after scale. Since climate models are essentially meteorological models (although with extra couplings) it is thus important to determine whether they currently model all three regimes. Using last millennium simulations from four GCMs (global circulation models), we show that control runs only reproduce macroweather. When various (reconstructed) climate forcings are included, in the recent (industrial) period they show global fluctuations strongly increasing at scales > ≈10–30 yr, which is quite close to the observations. However, in the preindustrial period we find that the multicentennial variabilities are too weak and by analysing the scale dependence of solar and volcanic forcings, we argue that these forcings are unlikely to be sufficiently strong to account for the multicentennial and longer-scale temperature variability. A likely explanation is that the models lack important slow "climate" processes such as land ice or various biogeochemical processes.

Published
2018
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48. Atomistic and mesoscale simulation of sodium and potassium adsorption in cement paste

Author

Katerina Ioannidou, Roland J.-M. Pellenq, Tingtao Zhou, Jack Arayro, Laurent Karim Béland, Alice Dufresne, Franz-Josef Ulm, Multiscale Material Science for Energy and Environment (MSE 2), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), and École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT)

Subjects
Materials science, Diffusion, Potassium, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Sorption, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Alkali metal, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Calcium silicate, medicine, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Swelling, medicine.symptom, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Elastic modulus, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

An atomistic and mesoscopic assessment of the effect of alkali uptake in cement paste is performed. Semi-grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations indicate that Na and K not only adsorb at the pore surface of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) but also adsorb in the C-S-H hydrated interlayer up to concentrations of the order of 0.05 and 0.1 mol/kg, respectively. Sorption of alkali is favored as the Ca/Si ratio of C-S-H is reduced. Long timescale simulations using the Activation Relaxation Technique indicate that characteristic diffusion times of Na and K in the C-S-H interlayer are of the order of a few hours. At the level of individual grains, Na and K adsorption leads to a reduction of roughly 5% of the elastic moduli and to volume expansion of about 0.25%. Simulations using the so-called primitive model indicate that adsorption of alkali ions at the pore surface can reduce the binding between C-S-H grains by up to 6%. Using a mesoscopic model of cement paste, the combination of individual grain swelling and changes in inter-granular cohesion was estimated to lead to overall expansive pressures of up to 4 MPa—and typically of less than 1 MPa—for typical alkali concentrations observed at the proximity of gel veins caused by the alkali-silica reaction.An atomistic and mesoscopic assessment of the effect of alkali uptake in cement paste is performed. Semi-grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations indicate that Na and K not only adsorb at the pore surface of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) but also adsorb in the C-S-H hydrated interlayer up to concentrations of the order of 0.05 and 0.1 mol/kg, respectively. Sorption of alkali is favored as the Ca/Si ratio of C-S-H is reduced. Long timescale simulations using the Activation Relaxation Technique indicate that characteristic diffusion times of Na and K in the C-S-H interlayer are of the order of a few hours. At the level of individual grains, Na and K adsorption leads to a reduction of roughly 5% of the elastic moduli and to volume expansion of about 0.25%. Simulations using the so-called primitive model indicate that adsorption of alkali ions at the pore surface can reduce the binding between C-S-H grains by up to 6%. Using a mesoscopic model of cement paste, the combination of individual grain swelling a...

Published
2018
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49. Palaeoclimate constraints on the impact of 2 °c anthropogenic warming and beyond

Author

Martin Ziegler, Johannes Sutter, Thibaut Caley, Katarzyna Marcisz, Giuseppe Cortese, Maria Fernanda Sanchez Goñi, Anne de Vernal, Jacqueline Austermann, Alessio Rovere, Katrin J. Meissner, Carlo Barbante, Basil A. S. Davis, Paul J. Valdes, Anders E. Carlson, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Samuel L Jaccard, Jesper Sjolte, Eric W. Wolff, Stéphane Affolter, Sarah A. Finkelstein, Willy Tinner, Nerilie J. Abram, Thomas Felis, Zicheng Yu, Kelsey A. Dyez, Heinz Wanner, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Max D. Holloway, Alan C. Mix, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Qing Yan, Paul Gierz, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Anne-Laure Daniau, Victor Brovkin, Erin L McClymont, Michal Kucera, Patricio A. Velasquez Alvárez, Daniele Colombaroli, Christoph C. Raible, Emilie Capron, Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas, Michael Sarnthein, Julia Gottschalk, Hubertus Fischer, Liping Zhou, Jennifer R. Marlon, Julien Emile-Geay, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Marie-France Loutre, Brian F. Cumming, Daniel J. Lunt, Philippe Martinez, Jennifer Saleem Arrigo, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Thomas F. Stocker, Hendrik Vogel, Fortunat Joos, Pepijn Johannes Bakker, Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Climate Change Research Centre [Sydney] (CCRC), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Australian National University (ANU), Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre for Ice and Climate [Copenhagen], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, University of Toronto, Department of Geography (UNIVERSITé DE DURHAM), Durham University, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), GNS Science [Lower Hutt], GNS Science, Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), University of Southern California (USC), University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System, Past Global Changes International Project Office (PAGES), Past Global Changes International Project Office, School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University [New Haven], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Uni Research Climate, Uni Research Ltd, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), National Coordination Office, Washington, Institute of Geosciences [Kiel], Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences, Lund University [Lund], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Institute of Geography [Bern], Nansen-Zhu International Research Center (NZC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Lehigh University [Bethlehem], Department of Earth Sciences [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, University of Peking, Peking University [Beijing], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stratigraphy and paleontology, Stratigraphy & paleontology, Wolff, Eric [0000-0002-5914-8531], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, sub-01, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences(all), 3705 Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice cores climate, Paleoclimatology, Ecosystem, Settore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analitica, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 13 Climate Action, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Global warming, 37 Earth Sciences, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Radiative forcing, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Greenhouse gas, Climatology, Polar amplification, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Climate model, Ice sheet
Abstract

International audience; Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming were forced differently than future anthropogenic change, such periods can provide insights into potential future climate impacts and ecosystem feedbacks, especially over centennial-to-millennial timescales that are often not covered by climate model simulations. Our observation-based synthesis of the understanding of past intervals with temperatures within the range of projected future warming suggests that there is a low risk of runaway greenhouse gas feedbacks for global warming of no more than 2 °C. However, substantial regional environmental impacts can occur. A global average warming of 1–2 °C with strong polar amplification has, in the past, been accompanied by significant shifts in climate zones and the spatial distribution of land and ocean ecosystems. Sustained warming at this level has also led to substantial reductions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, with sea-level increases of at least several metres on millennial timescales. Comparison of palaeo observations with climate model results suggests that, due to the lack of certain feedback processes, model-based climate projections may underestimate long-term warming in response to future radiative forcing by as much as a factor of two, and thus may also underestimate centennial-to-millennial-scale sea-level rise.

Published
2018
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50. Thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanics of cesium sorption in cement paste: A multiscale assessment

Author

Laurent Karim Béland, Alice Dufresne, Josef-Franz Ulm, Katerina Ioannidou, Roland J.-M. Pellenq, Tingtao Zhou, Jack Arayro, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Multiscale Material Science for Energy and Environment (MSE 2), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), and École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT)

Subjects
Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Diffusion, Thermodynamics, Order (ring theory), Sorption, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Molecular dynamics, Adsorption, chemistry, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Calcium silicate, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Cesium-137 is a common radioactive byproduct found in nuclear spent fuel. Given its 30 year half life, its interactions with potential storage materials---such as cement paste---is of crucial importance. In this paper, simulations are used to establish the interaction of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H)---the main binding phase of cement paste---with Cs at the nano- and mesoscale. Different C-S-H compositions are explored, including a range of Ca/Si ratios from 1.0 to 2.0. These calculations are based on a set of 150 atomistic models, which qualitatively and quantitatively reproduce a number of experimentally measured features of C-S-H---within limits intrinsic to the approximations imposed by classical molecular dynamics and the steps followed when building the models. A procedure where hydrated ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}$ ions are swapped for ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{1+}$ ions shows that Cs adsorption in the C-S-H interlayer is preferred to Cs adsorption at the nanopore surface when Cs concentrations are lower than 0.19 Mol/kg. Interlayer sorption decreases as the Ca/Si ratio increases. The activation relaxation technique nouveau is used to access timescales out of the reach of traditional molecular dynamics (MD). It indicates that characteristic diffusion time for ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{1+}$ in the C-S-H interlayer is on the order of a few hours. Cs uptake in the interlayer has little impact on the elastic response of C-S-H. It leads to swelling of the C-S-H grains, but mesoscale calculations that access length scales out of the range of MD indicate that this leads to practically negligible expansive pressures for Cs concentrations relevant to nuclear waste repositories.

Published
2018
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