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Presents study which investigated the classic problem of heat flow in multilayer film structures from the perspective of engineering applications for fields such as optical storage media design and ion implantation. Development of compact recursive structure N-layer Green's function; Calculation of temperature profiles; Computation of the general beam amplitude-time dependencies.

Deals with a study which determined the dynamics of magnetization reversal in thin films of amorphous rare-earth transition metal. Information on a fundamental law governing magnetization dynamics; Pattern of magnetization; Behavior of average magnetization during wall motion.

Details a study which described the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in terms of Kerr effect in evaporated and sputtered cobalt/platinum multilayer films. Preparation of the study samples; Effects of sputtering parameters on magneto-optical Kerr effect; Results and discussion.

Studies the magnetization stability in the magneto-optical readout of terbium compound disks. Threat poses by the readout process in magneto-optical data storage to written data; Details on the experiment; Modeling approaches used to understand the data.

Presents a study which developed a technique for measuring the amount of mixed magnetization produced during continuous power laser writing of magneto-optical media. Experimental details; Magnetic model; Data analysis.

Presents a study that analyzed the interplay of several writing and reading phenomena that influence bit-position accuracy with a computer model of the magneto-optic recording process. Description of a complete time sequence in the thermomagnetic writing of a short mark symbol; Properties of the film used as a model in the study; Analysis of jitter simulations.

Presents a study which prepared thin cobalt/platinum (Co/Pt) multilayers (ML) on silicon and glass substrates by sputtering with argon pressures. Studies on Co/Pt ML; Materials and methods used; Overview of low angle x-ray diffractogram from argon gas; Explanation on the mechanism of how CoPt[sub3+δ] compound forms; Observation of the systematic changes of coercivity and Kerr rotation of the films.

Presents a study that optically and magneto-optically characterized TbFeCo thin films in trilayer structures. Techniques used in preparing the amorphous films; Characterization of the samples; Measurement of the silicon substrate and Si[sub3]N[sub4] optical constants.

Presents a study which examined the relationship between optimum laser power and pulse length to obtain the maximum signal amplitude in pulse position modulation magneto-optical recording. Model of the thermal properties of the media and the optical readback process; Metrics to determine optimum write power for a given laser-pulse length.

Presents a study which compared the static and dynamic aspects of signal, noise, and resolution for magneto-optical field modulation recording. Correlation between mark-edge shapes and read intensity profile; Information on the thermal interaction of adjacent marks in beam modulation recording; Degradation of channel response relative to field modulation.

The descriptive flora of Iraq is incomplete, with ± 900 species yet to be described. However, names of all species with their distribution in the different physiographic districts of Iraq are databased (in BRAHMS) from information obtained from published sources and herbarium records. A quantitative analysis of the flora shows ± 3300 species (accepted names) in 908 genera belonging to 136 families of flowering plants. The families Asteraceae (409 spp.), Fabaceae (393 spp.), Poaceae (264 spp.), Brassicaceae (195 spp.) and Apiaceae (155 spp.) are the largest. An analysis of the distribution of the flora in the different physiographic regions and districts of Iraq shows the Mountain Region (northern mountains of Iraq) and the Central Alluvial Plains District in the Lower Mesopotamian Region to be the most species rich. Iraq is influenced by two major phytochoria, the Saharo-Sindian and the Irano-Turanian, which are subdivided into regional phytochoria specific to the Middle East region. Endemism is high in the Irano-Turanian region of Iraq which occupies the Mountain and major part of the Upper Plains and Foothills Regions. These Regions also contain the majority of the endemic and near endemic species. Biodiversity surveys carried out by Nature Iraq during 2005–2010 propose 88 Key Biodiversity Areas in Iraq. The National Report on Biodiversity in Iraq (CBD) outlines the threats to biodiversity and habitats in Iraq and a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for the protection and conservation of species-rich and biodiverse habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]