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Conceived in the early 1990s, Metsa-Botnia's pulp mill in Rauma, Finland, reflects the environmental concerns of that time. The owners decided to build the mill to produce only totally chlorine [...]

Studies indicate that the use of oxygen delignification processes for the production of bleached pulp increases the effectiveness of the bleaching process by reducing the amount of wood chips required to produce a fixed amount of pulp. This is because delignification removes lignin from pulp more selectively than traditional kraft cook processes, thus keeping more desirable fibres in the pulp and reducing the amount of wood stock required., Oxygen delignification has been gaining popularity since the first commercial installation in 1970. The majority of bleached kraft mills outside North America, and about one third of North American capacity [...]

There are many ways to modify a paper mill to reduce the use of chlorine or recover it during the papermaking process. The kraft papermaking process is broken down into steps, and each step is considered in reducing or recovering beach. For example, bleach can be reduced by increasing the capacity of the evaporator during the phase in which black liquor is evaporated. Five techniques for increasing this capacity are described. Methods for reducing chlorine bleach during each of the papermaking steps are offered., WHEN EVALUATING POTENTIAL PULP AND paper mill modifications to reduce chlorine use and/or recover organic residues from pulping and bleaching, process engineers must consider the impact of such changes on [...]

Editor's Note: This is the second part of a two-part article; the first appeared in November's issue. The previous article in this series discussed the background to spill control, and [...]

Editor's Note: This is the first part of a two-part article. The second part will appear in a future issue of Solutions! In most mills, improved control of spills of [...]