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2. Obesity and Other Health Determinants across Europe: The EURALIM Project

Author

Beer-Borst, S., Morabia, A., Hercberg, S., Vitek, O., Bernstein, M. S., Galan, P., Galasso, R., Giampaoli, S., Houterman, S., McCrum, E., Panico, S., Pannozzo, F., Preziosi, P., Ribas, L., Serra-Majem, L., Verschuren, W. M. M., Yarnell, J., and Northridge, M. E.

Published
2000

3. 16th All Ireland social medicine meeting: Proceedings of meeting held 21–23 March, 1997

Author

Henry, M. S., Gifford, M., Bourke, G. J., Daly, L. E., Kirke, P. N., Bury, G., Shelley, E., Collins, C., Graham, I., Daly, L., McCrum, E., Yarnell, J., Evans, A., Mitchell, E., O’Neill, C., Thornton, L., Gogan, C., McKenna, P., Harding, S., Kelly, A., Sinclair, H., Allwright, S., Johnson, Z., O’Kane, K. M., Sinclair, H., Kelly, A., Johnson, Z., O’Reilly, D., Reid, J. S., Keenaghan, C., Keenaghan, C., Menown, I. B. A., McCboyle, D., Higginson, J. D. S., Yarnell, J., McCrum, E., Patterson, C., Shields, M., McMahon, J., Evans, A., Fitzpatrick, P., Corcoran, N., Fitzpatrick, J., Fitzpatrick, P., Salmon, R., Palmer, S. R., Thalanany, M., Manche, M., Roberts, R., Hunter, P., Fitzpatrick, P., Molloy, B., Johnson, Z., Meleady, R., Graham, I., Gallagher, P., Shields, D., Whitehead, A. S., McMaster, D., Evans, A., Rozen, R., Igoe, D., Delaney, V., Johnson, Z., Doherty, L., Farrell, B., and Harte, P.

Published
1998
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7. 14th All Ireland Social Medicine Meeting Proceedings of Meeting held in Newcastle, Co. down on 25th–27th March 1994

Author

Herity, B., Daly, L., Bourke, G. J., Gingles, E. L., McErlain, S., McPeake, J., Reavy, L., Kee, F., Gaffney, B., Canavan, C., McDonald, P., Johnson, Z., Cody, M., Kelly, F., Duignan, N., Carroll, B., Bleakney, G. M., McDade, D., Yarnell, J. W. G., Shelley, E., McCrum, E. E., Evans, A. E., Gavin, A. T., Fleming, S., Kelleher, C. C., O’Connor, M., Hope, A., Nolan, G., Newell, J., Conneely, P., Collins, C., Graham, I., O’Connor, E. A., Thornton, L., Temperley, I., Lawlor, E., Tobin, A., Campbell, R., Stevenson, G., MacAuley, D., Stott, G., Evans, A., Borehan, C., Trinnick, T., Lyons, R. A., and Littlepage, B. N. C.

Published
1995
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8. 13th all Ireland social medicine meeting: Proceedings of meeting held 9th – 11th October 1992 in Galway

Author

Prichard, J., Allwright, S., NcSweeney, M., Macleod, D., O’Regan, M., Lyons, R. A., Power, C. K., Sreenan, S., Burke, C. M., Daly, L., Lonergan, M., Graham, I., Zhang, W., Bard, J. M., McCrum, E. E., McMaster, D., Fruchart, J. C., Cambien, F., Evans, A. E., Ryan, N., Clarke, R., Robinson, R., Refsum, R., Ueland, P., Lonergan, N., O’Donnell, A., McGivern, E., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Finnan, F., Davey Smith, G., McArdle, M., Kelleher, C. C., Ward, J., Broodle, S. E., Bleakney, G. M., Cullen, B. M., Gavin, A. T., Hurley, M., Fogarty, J., Boydell, L. R., Broddle, S. E., Scally, G. J., Kilcoyne, D., Anderson, S., Cassidy, C., Graham, I. M., Hickey, N., Mulcahy, R., Gorman, D., Carter, H., Collins, C., Shelley, E., Dean, G., Lavelle, P., O’Kelly, F., Power, B., Hillery, I., Gaffney, B., Darragh, P., Thornton, L., Clarke, A. T., Peyton, M., Scally, G., O’Reilly, D., Shelly, E., Kirke, P. N., O’Connell, B., Moloney, A. C., Evans, A., Hayes, C., Laffoy, M., O’Flanagan, D., Corcoran, R., Devlin, J., MacAulay, D. C., Stott, G., and Kilbane, P.

Published
1994
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24. Use of Modular Design in the Production of Portable CAL Software: A Case Study.

Author

Wilson, R. N. and McCrum, E.

Abstract

Discusses difficulties of producing computer assisted learning (CAL) software economically. Proposed as a solution, modular programing is illustrated by describing production of a matrix algebra package. Use of special CAL modules and facilities provided by subroutine libraries are cited, and development of a package to teach matrix theory is discussed. (MBR)

Published
1984

27. Lowering blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: meta-analysis of randomised trials

Author

Brattstrom, L., Landgren, F., Israelsson, B., Lindgren, A., Hultberg, B., Andersson, A., Cuskelly, G., Mcnulty, H., Strain, S. S., Mcpartlin, J., Weir, D. G., Scott, J. M., Den Heijer, M., Brouwer, I. A., Blom, H. J., Bos, G. M. J., Spaans, A., Rosendaal, F. R., Thomas, C. M. G., Haak, H. L., Wijermans, P. W., Gerrits, W. B. J., Naurath, H. J., Joosten, E., Riezler, R., Stabler, S. P., Allen, R. H., Lindenbaum, J., Pietrzik, K., Prinz-Langenohl, R., Dierkes, J., Saltzman, E., Mason, J. B., Jacques, P., Selhub, J., Salem, D., Schaefer, E., Rosenberg, I. H., Ubbink, J., Mere, A., Vermack, W. J. H., Delport, R., Becker, P. J., Potgieter, H. C., Woodside, J. V., Yarnell, J. W. G., Mcmaster, D., Young, I. S., Mccrum, E. E., Patterson, S. S., Gey, K. F., Evans, A. E., Clarke, R., Appleby, P., Harding, P., Sherliker, P., Collins, R., Frost, C., Valeriane Leroy, and Homocysteine Lower Trial, Collaborat

Subjects
Vitamin, medicine.medical_specialty, Hematology, Homocysteine, Vascular disease, Blood folate, business.industry, General Engineering, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Surgery, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Folic acid, Internal medicine, Meta-analysis, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, business, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Objective: To determine the size of reduction in homocysteine concentrations produced by dietary supplementation with folic acid and with vitamins B-12 or B-6. Design: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of folic acid based supplements on blood homocysteine concentration. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the effects on homocysteine concentrations of different doses of folic acid and of the addition of vitamin B-12 or B-6. Subjects: Individual data on 1114 people included in 12 trials. Findings: The proportional and absolute reductions in blood homocysteine produced by folic acid supplements were greater at higher pretreatment blood homocysteine concentrations (P < 0.001) and at lower pretreatment blood folate concentrations (P < 0.001). After standardisation to pretreatment blood concentrations of homocysteine of 12 μmol/l and of folate of 12 nmol/l (approximate average concentrations for Western populations), dietary folic acid reduced blood homocysteine concentrations by 25% (95% confidence interval 23% to 28%; P < 0.001), with similar effects in the range of 0.5-5 mg folic acid daily. Vitamin B-12 (mean 0.5 mg daily) produced an additional 7% (3% to 10%) reduction in blood homocysteine. Vitamin B-6 (mean 16.5 mg daily) did not have a significant additional effect. Conclusions: Typically in Western populations, daily supplementation with both 0.5-5 mg folic acid and about 0.5 mg vitamin B-12 would be expected to reduce blood homocysteine concentrations by about a quarter to a third (for example, from about 12 μmol/l to 8-9 μmol/l). Large scale randomised trials of such regimens in high risk populations are now needed to determine whether lowering blood homocysteine concentrations reduces the risk of vascular disease. (Less)

Published
1998
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28. Tenth all Ireland Social Medicine meeting: Sligo, April 15–17, 1988

Author

Robinson, K., Conroy, R. M., Mulcahy, R., O’Reilly, Orlaith, Blaney, Roger, McCrum, Evelyn, Evans, Alun E., Nicholas, J., Higginson, J. D. S., Boyle, D. McC, Kevany, John, Haslett, Deirdre, Gavin, A., MacKenzie, G., Doorley, Pat, McCann, R., Evans, A. E., Blaney, R., Barry, Joseph, Doyle, Y., Conroy, R., O’Donnell, B., Kee, F., Hawkins, S., Daly, L., Herity, B., Bourke, G., Donnelly, M. D. I., Turkington, E., Chadwick, E., Toner, Paula, Charlton, Pat, Williams, J. R., Varma, M. P. S., McCrum, E. E., Kerr, M. McF, McMaster, D., Patterson, C. C., O’Neill, T. W., Barry, M., Clarke, R., Graham, I. M., Scally, G., Boydell, L., Smyth, Brian, Clarke, R. J., Tomkin, G., O’Morain, C., O’Mahony, M., Graham, I., Hickey, N., Kilcoyne, D., O’Dwyer, T., Radic, A., and Shelley, E.

Published
1989
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30. Dietary patterns in six european populations: results from EURALIM, a collaborative European data harmonization and information campaign. . 2000 Mar;54(3):253-62

Author

BEER BORST S., HERCBERG S., MORABIA A., BERNSTEIN M., GALAN P., GALASSO R., GIAMPAOLI S., MCCRUM E., PREZIOSI P., RIBAS L., NORTHRIDGE ME, PANICO, SALVATORE, BEER BORST, S., Hercberg, S., Morabia, A., Bernstein, M., Galan, P., Galasso, R., Giampaoli, S., Mccrum, E., Panico, Salvatore, Preziosi, P., Ribas, L., and Northridge, Me

Published
2000

31. Obesity and other health determinants across Europe: the EURALIM project

Author

BEER BORST S., MOPRABIA A., HERCNERG S., VITEK O., BERNSTEIN M., GALAN P., GALASSO R., GIAMPAOLI S. HPOUTERMAN S., MCCRUM E., PANICO, SALVATORE, PANNOZZO F., NORTHRIDGE ME, BEER BORST, S., Moprabia, A., Hercnerg, S., Vitek, O., Bernstein, M., Galan, P., Galasso, R., Giampaoli, S. HPOUTERMAN S., Mccrum, E., Panico, Salvatore, Pannozzo, F., and Northridge, Me

Published
2000

32. Dietary patterns in six european populations: results from EURALIM, a collaborative European data harmonization and informationcampaign

Author

Beer Borst S, Hercberg S, Morabia A, Bernstein MS, Galan P, Galasso R, Giampaoli S, McCrum E, Preziosi P, Ribas L, Serra Majem L, Vescio MF, Vitek O, Yarnell J, Northridge M.E., PANICO, SALVATORE, Beer Borst, S, Hercberg, S, Morabia, A, Bernstein, M, Galan, P, Galasso, R, Giampaoli, S, Mccrum, E, Panico, Salvatore, Preziosi, P, Ribas, L, Serra Majem, L, Vescio, Mf, Vitek, O, Yarnell, J, and Northridge, M. E.

Published
2000

33. Validation of two methods of long-term epidemiological follow-up

Author

Patterson, C. C., McCrum, E. E., Mathewson, Z., and Evans, A. E.

Subjects
Computer Communication Networks, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Myocardial Infarction, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Medical Record Linkage, Northern Ireland, Registries, Death Certificates, Research Article, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Two methods of long-term epidemiological follow-up were compared by using each to study the survival of 1622 myocardial infarction patients registered by the Belfast MONICA Project. Length of follow-up ranged between 3 and 5 years during which time 277 deaths were recorded. A computer-based method for linking MONICA Project registration records with the Registrar General's death certification data identified 273 of the 277 deaths. Follow-up supplied by the Northern Ireland Central Services Agency through the flagging of patients in their master patient index identified 271 deaths; four of the six deaths which were missed occurred before computerisation of the index was complete. The study illustrates the value of computer-based linkage with death certification data and of flagging in the Central Services Agency master patient index.

Published
1990

34. Association of European population levels of thrombotic and inflammatory factors with risk of coronary heart disease: The MONICA optional haemostasis study

Author

Yarnell, J., McCrum, E., Rumley, A., Patterson, C., Salomaa, V., Lowe, G., Evans, A., Koenig, W., Hense, H.W., and Döring, A.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Coronary Disease, Fibrinogen, Fibrin, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products, Von Willebrand factor, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, von Willebrand Factor, medicine, Humans, thrombosis, risk markers, CHD, MONICA, population studies, Risk factor, education, education.field_of_study, Blood Specimen Collection, biology, business.industry, Thrombosis, Middle Aged, Surgery, Europe, Hemostasis, biology.protein, Female, Inflammation Mediators, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Body mass index, Plasminogen activator, Biomarkers, medicine.drug
Abstract

Aims Classical risk factors do not fully explain international differences in risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We therefore measured thrombotic and inflammatory markers in a substudy of the WHO MONICA project and correlated these with CHD event rates. Methods and results We measured levels of fibrinogen (clottable and nephelometric), von Willebrand factor (vWf), tissue plasminogen activator antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, fibrin D-dimer, plasma viscosity, C-reactive protein, and total cholesterol in 12 MONICA populations (listed at the end of this paper), all but one European. Men and women aged 45–64 years were studied from 10 countries. All samples were collected using a carefully standardized protocol, and analysed centrally. Results were available for 3996 subjects (nephelometric fibrinogen and viscosity), 2378 subjects (other thrombotic assays), and 1757 subjects (C-reactive protein and total cholesterol). Significant differences in levels of thrombotic and inflammatory factors exist in MONICA populations mainly from European countries. These differences persist after adjustment for age, smoking habit, and body mass index. Cross-sectional correlations between coronary event rates and these thrombotic/inflammatory markers were significant for vWF antigen in both sexes, nephelometric fibrinogen in men, and D-dimer in women. Conclusion In particular, vWF, nephelometric fibrinogen, and D-dimer should be examined in further research as potential risk factors which may help explain differences in coronary risk between European populations. &nbsp

Published
2005

35. The relation of body mass index and abdominal adiposity with dyslipidemia in 27 general populations of the WHO MONICA Project

Author

Hobbs, M, Jamrozik, K, Thompson, P, Armstrong, B, de Backer, G, De Craene, I, Van Onsem, P, Van Parys, L, De Henauw, S, De Bacquer, D, Kornitzer, M, Berghmans, L, Bara, L, de Smet, P, Jeanjean, M, Brohet, C, Kulbertus, H, Degre, S, Lavenne, F, Jansens, D, Lefebvre, F, Beck, D, Wunsch, G, Bertrand, F, van Houte, M, Rime, B, Rorive, G, Hannot, R, Adrienne, A, Luyckx, A, Wolf, H, Gregor, R, Bata, I, Brownell, B, Webber, K, Skodova ́, Z, Pisa, Z, Berka, L, Cicha, Z, Cerovska ́, J, Emrova ́, R, Hoke, M, Hronkova, M, Pikhartova ́, J, Grafnetter, D, Poledne, R, Vojtisek, P, Vorlicek, J, Wiesner, E, Schroll, M, Kirchhoff, M, Sjøl, A, Quitsau Lund, S, Tuomilehto, J, Puska, P, Vartiainen, E, Korhonen, H, Jousilahti, M, Ducimetie`re, P, Richard, J, Bingham, A, Lang, T, Amouyel, P, Cottel, D, Nuttens, M, Marecaux, N, Dallongeville, J, Salomez, J, Montaye, M, Steclebout, C, Arveiler, D, Schaffer, P, Haas, V, Wagner, A, Lamamy, N, Savouret, M, Houset, M, Pierau, F, Goetz, V, Ferrie`res, J, Ruidavets, J, Cambou, J, Rodier, P, Saulet, C, Greiser, E, Herman, B, Stu ̈demann, G, Nu ̈ssel, E, Osto ̈r Lamm, E, Scheidt, R, Morgenstern, W, Stadler, M, Ganova, M, Keil, U, Tietze, M, Banos, R, Do ̈ring, A, Filipiak, B, Barth, W, Heinemann, L, Muche, J, Schmalfuss, S, Assmann, A, Bo ̈thig, S, Voigt, G, Brasche, S, Quietzsch, D, Classen, E, Sigfu ́sson, N, Gudmundsdo ́ttir, I, Stefa ́nsdo ́ttir, I, Thorsteinsson, T, Sigvaldason, H, Menotti, A, Giampaoli, S, Verdecchia, A, Righetti, G, De Pasquale, B, Di Raimo, P, Forte, E, Majetta, A, Vanuzzo, D, Feruglio, G, Pilotto, L, Cignacco, G, Marini, R, Zilio, G, Cesana, G, Ferrario, M, Sega, R, Mocarelli, P, Brambilla, P, Bluzhas, J, Domarkiene, S, Tamosiunas, A, Reklaitiene, R, Beaglehole, R, Jackson, R, Bonita, R, Stewart, A, Mahon, V, Bingley, W, Pajak, A, Sznajd, J, Kawalec, E, Pazucha, T, Malczewska, M, Mo ́rawska, I, Rywik, S, Broda, V, Polakowska, M, Kurjata, P, Varlamova, A, Britov, A, Konstantinov, V, Timofeeva, V, Alexandri, V, Konstantinova, O, Nikitin, Y, Malyutina, S, Gafarov, V, Feigin, V, Sans, S, Balaguer Vintro ́, V, Balana`, V, Gonzalez, V, Gomez, V, Borras, V, Rode ́s, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Harmsen, P, Rosengren, A, Lappas, G, Asplund, K, Huhtasaari, F, Stegmayr, B, Lundberg, V, Gutzwiller, F, Paccaud, F, Rickenbach, M, Wietlisbach, V, Barazzoni, F, Mainieri, F, Tullen, B, Evans, V, Mccrum, E, Falconer, T, Cashman, S, Patterson, C, Kerr, M, O’Reilly, D, Scott, A, Mcconville, M, Mcmillan, I, Mcmaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H, Smith, W, Tavendale, R, Crombie, V, Barrett, K, Brown, C, Shewry, M, Hannh, M, Morrisson, C, Planojevic, M, Jakovljevic, D, Svircevic, A, Mirilov, V, Strasser, V, Mendis, S, Martin8, I, Gyarfas8, V, Pı ́_sa8, V, Dodu8, S, Bo ̈thig8, S, Watson, M, Hill, M, Price, A, Kuulasmaa, K, Ruokokoski, E, Rajakangas, A, Ma ̈kinen, M, Virman Ojanen, T, Palonen, L, Akkila, J, Cepaitis, Z, Molarius, A, Moltchanov, V, Tolonen, H, Dobson, A, Fortmann, S, Shatchkute, A, Zaitsev, V, Epstein, F, Feinleib, M, Karvonen, M, Prineas, R, Williams, O, Hobbs, MST, Jamrozik, K., Thompson, PL, Armstrong, BK, Van Parys, L., Berghmans, L., Kulbertus, HE, Lefebvre, F., Wunsch, G., Bertrand, F., van Houte, M., Rime, B., Hannot, R., Wolf, HK, Gregor, RD, Bata, IR, Brownell, B., Pisa, Z., Berka, L., Cicha, Z., Hronkova, M., Pikhartova ́, J., Grafnetter, D., Poledne, R., Vojtisek, P., Vorlicek, J., Sjøl, A., Puska, P., Vartiainen, E., Korhonen, H., Richard, JL, Bingham, A., Cottel, D., Nuttens, MC, Marecaux, N., Dallongeville, J., Salomez, J. L., Montaye, M., Lamamy, N., Houset, M., Pierau, F., Ruidavets, JB, Cambou, JP, Rodier, P., Greiser, E., Herman, B., Nu ̈ssel, E., Osto ̈r Lamm, E., Scheidt, R., Morgenstern, W., Tietze, M., Banos, R., Do ̈ring, A., Muche, J., Schmalfuss, S., Assmann, A., Bo ̈thig, S., Voigt, G., Brasche, S., Quietzsch, D., Gudmundsdo ́ttir, II, Thorsteinsson, T., Sigvaldason H, Giampaoli, S., Righetti, G., De Pasquale, B., Forte, E., Feruglio, GA, Pilotto, L., Cignacco, G., Marini, R., Cesana, GC, Sega, R., BRAMBILLA, PAOLO, Domarkiene, S., Tamosiunas, A., Stewart, A., Kawalec, E., Pazucha, T., Malczewska, M., Rywik, SL, Broda,V, Polakowska, M., Britov, A., Nikitin, Y.u. P, Malyutina, S., Sans, S., Harmsen, P., Rosengren, A., Asplund, K., Huhtasaari, F., Stegmayr, B., Lundberg V, Paccaud, F., Rickenbach, M., Wietlisbach, V., Mainieri, F., McCrum, EE, Cashman, S., Patterson, C., Kerr, M., O’Reilly, D., Scott, A., McConville, M., McMillan, I., McMaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H., Smith, WCS, Tavendale, R., Barrett, K., Brown, C., Shewry, M., Hannh, M. K, Jakovljevic, D., Svircevic, A., Mirilov, V., Strasser, V., Mendis, S., Dodu8, S. R. A., Bo ̈thig8, S., Watson, M. J., Hill, M., Kuulasmaa, K., Tuomilehto, J., Rajakangas, A. M., Ma ̈kinen, M., Palonen, L., Cepaitis, Z., Molarius, A., Moltchanov, V., Dobson, A., Fortmann, SP, Epstein, FH, Karvonen, MJ, Prineas, RJ, Williams, OD, Hobbs, M, Jamrozik, K, Thompson, P, Armstrong, B, de Backer, G, De Craene, I, Van Onsem, P, Van Parys, L, De Henauw, S, De Bacquer, D, Kornitzer, M, Berghmans, L, Bara, L, de Smet, P, Jeanjean, M, Brohet, C, Kulbertus, H, Degre, S, Lavenne, F, Jansens, D, Lefebvre, F, Beck, D, Wunsch, G, Bertrand, F, van Houte, M, Rime, B, Rorive, G, Hannot, R, Adrienne, A, Luyckx, A, Wolf, H, Gregor, R, Bata, I, Brownell, B, Webber, K, Skodova ́, Z, Pisa, Z, Berka, L, Cicha, Z, Cerovska ́, J, Emrova ́, R, Hoke, M, Hronkova, M, Pikhartova ́, J, Grafnetter, D, Poledne, R, Vojtisek, P, Vorlicek, J, Wiesner, E, Schroll, M, Kirchhoff, M, Sjøl, A, Quitsau Lund, S, Tuomilehto, J, Puska, P, Vartiainen, E, Korhonen, H, Jousilahti, M, Ducimetie`re, P, Richard, J, Bingham, A, Lang, T, Amouyel, P, Cottel, D, Nuttens, M, Marecaux, N, Dallongeville, J, Salomez, J, Montaye, M, Steclebout, C, Arveiler, D, Schaffer, P, Haas, V, Wagner, A, Lamamy, N, Savouret, M, Houset, M, Pierau, F, Goetz, V, Ferrie`res, J, Ruidavets, J, Cambou, J, Rodier, P, Saulet, C, Greiser, E, Herman, B, Stu ̈demann, G, Nu ̈ssel, E, Osto ̈r Lamm, E, Scheidt, R, Morgenstern, W, Stadler, M, Ganova, M, Keil, U, Tietze, M, Banos, R, Do ̈ring, A, Filipiak, B, Barth, W, Heinemann, L, Muche, J, Schmalfuss, S, Assmann, A, Bo ̈thig, S, Voigt, G, Brasche, S, Quietzsch, D, Classen, E, Sigfu ́sson, N, Gudmundsdo ́ttir, I, Stefa ́nsdo ́ttir, I, Thorsteinsson, T, Sigvaldason, H, Menotti, A, Giampaoli, S, Verdecchia, A, Righetti, G, De Pasquale, B, Di Raimo, P, Forte, E, Majetta, A, Vanuzzo, D, Feruglio, G, Pilotto, L, Cignacco, G, Marini, R, Zilio, G, Cesana, G, Ferrario, M, Sega, R, Mocarelli, P, Brambilla, P, Bluzhas, J, Domarkiene, S, Tamosiunas, A, Reklaitiene, R, Beaglehole, R, Jackson, R, Bonita, R, Stewart, A, Mahon, V, Bingley, W, Pajak, A, Sznajd, J, Kawalec, E, Pazucha, T, Malczewska, M, Mo ́rawska, I, Rywik, S, Broda, V, Polakowska, M, Kurjata, P, Varlamova, A, Britov, A, Konstantinov, V, Timofeeva, V, Alexandri, V, Konstantinova, O, Nikitin, Y, Malyutina, S, Gafarov, V, Feigin, V, Sans, S, Balaguer Vintro ́, V, Balana`, V, Gonzalez, V, Gomez, V, Borras, V, Rode ́s, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Harmsen, P, Rosengren, A, Lappas, G, Asplund, K, Huhtasaari, F, Stegmayr, B, Lundberg, V, Gutzwiller, F, Paccaud, F, Rickenbach, M, Wietlisbach, V, Barazzoni, F, Mainieri, F, Tullen, B, Evans, V, Mccrum, E, Falconer, T, Cashman, S, Patterson, C, Kerr, M, O’Reilly, D, Scott, A, Mcconville, M, Mcmillan, I, Mcmaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H, Smith, W, Tavendale, R, Crombie, V, Barrett, K, Brown, C, Shewry, M, Hannh, M, Morrisson, C, Planojevic, M, Jakovljevic, D, Svircevic, A, Mirilov, V, Strasser, V, Mendis, S, Martin8, I, Gyarfas8, V, Pı ́_sa8, V, Dodu8, S, Bo ̈thig8, S, Watson, M, Hill, M, Price, A, Kuulasmaa, K, Ruokokoski, E, Rajakangas, A, Ma ̈kinen, M, Virman Ojanen, T, Palonen, L, Akkila, J, Cepaitis, Z, Molarius, A, Moltchanov, V, Tolonen, H, Dobson, A, Fortmann, S, Shatchkute, A, Zaitsev, V, Epstein, F, Feinleib, M, Karvonen, M, Prineas, R, Williams, O, Hobbs, MST, Jamrozik, K., Thompson, PL, Armstrong, BK, Van Parys, L., Berghmans, L., Kulbertus, HE, Lefebvre, F., Wunsch, G., Bertrand, F., van Houte, M., Rime, B., Hannot, R., Wolf, HK, Gregor, RD, Bata, IR, Brownell, B., Pisa, Z., Berka, L., Cicha, Z., Hronkova, M., Pikhartova ́, J., Grafnetter, D., Poledne, R., Vojtisek, P., Vorlicek, J., Sjøl, A., Puska, P., Vartiainen, E., Korhonen, H., Richard, JL, Bingham, A., Cottel, D., Nuttens, MC, Marecaux, N., Dallongeville, J., Salomez, J. L., Montaye, M., Lamamy, N., Houset, M., Pierau, F., Ruidavets, JB, Cambou, JP, Rodier, P., Greiser, E., Herman, B., Nu ̈ssel, E., Osto ̈r Lamm, E., Scheidt, R., Morgenstern, W., Tietze, M., Banos, R., Do ̈ring, A., Muche, J., Schmalfuss, S., Assmann, A., Bo ̈thig, S., Voigt, G., Brasche, S., Quietzsch, D., Gudmundsdo ́ttir, II, Thorsteinsson, T., Sigvaldason H, Giampaoli, S., Righetti, G., De Pasquale, B., Forte, E., Feruglio, GA, Pilotto, L., Cignacco, G., Marini, R., Cesana, GC, Sega, R., BRAMBILLA, PAOLO, Domarkiene, S., Tamosiunas, A., Stewart, A., Kawalec, E., Pazucha, T., Malczewska, M., Rywik, SL, Broda,V, Polakowska, M., Britov, A., Nikitin, Y.u. P, Malyutina, S., Sans, S., Harmsen, P., Rosengren, A., Asplund, K., Huhtasaari, F., Stegmayr, B., Lundberg V, Paccaud, F., Rickenbach, M., Wietlisbach, V., Mainieri, F., McCrum, EE, Cashman, S., Patterson, C., Kerr, M., O’Reilly, D., Scott, A., McConville, M., McMillan, I., McMaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H., Smith, WCS, Tavendale, R., Barrett, K., Brown, C., Shewry, M., Hannh, M. K, Jakovljevic, D., Svircevic, A., Mirilov, V., Strasser, V., Mendis, S., Dodu8, S. R. A., Bo ̈thig8, S., Watson, M. J., Hill, M., Kuulasmaa, K., Tuomilehto, J., Rajakangas, A. M., Ma ̈kinen, M., Palonen, L., Cepaitis, Z., Molarius, A., Moltchanov, V., Dobson, A., Fortmann, SP, Epstein, FH, Karvonen, MJ, Prineas, RJ, and Williams, OD

Abstract

Background and aims: The association between adiposity measures and dyslipidemia has seldom been assessed in a multipopulational setting. Methods and results: 27 populations from Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Canada (WHO MONICA project) using health surveys conducted between 1990 and 1997 in adults aged 35-64 years (n = 40,480). Dyslipidemia was defined as the total/HDL cholesterol ratio >6 (men) and >5 (women).Overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 25% in men and 23% in women. Logistic regression showed that dyslipidemia was strongly associated with body mass index (BMI) in men and with waist circumference (WC) in women, after adjusting for region, age and smoking. Among normal-weight men and women (BMI<25 kg/m2), an increase in the odds for being dyslipidemic was observed between lowest and highest WC quartiles (OR = 3.6, p < 0.001). Among obese men (BMI ≥ 30), the corresponding increase was smaller (OR = 1.2, p = 0.036). A similar weakening was observed among women. Classification tree analysis was performed to assign subjects into classes of risk for dyslipidemia. BMI thresholds (25.4 and 29.2 kg/m2) in men and WC thresholds (81.7 and 92.6 cm) in women came out at first stages. High WC (>84.8 cm) in normal-weight men, menopause in women and regular smoking further defined subgroups at increased risk. Conclusion: standard categories of BMI and WC, or their combinations, do not lead to optimal risk stratification for dyslipidemia in middle-age adults. Sex-specific adaptations are necessary, in particular by taking into account abdominal obesity in normal-weight men, post-menopausal age in women and regular smoking in both sexes

Published
2013

38. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection among 4742 randomly selected subjects from Northern Ireland.

Author

Murray, LJ, McCrum, E, Evans, AE, Bamford, KB, Murray, L J, McCrum, E E, Evans, A E, and Bamford, K B

Subjects
AGE distribution, ALCOHOL drinking, HELICOBACTER diseases, HELICOBACTER pylori, STATISTICAL sampling, SERODIAGNOSIS, SEX distribution, SMOKING, SOCIAL classes, STATURE, SURVEYS, BODY mass index, DISEASE prevalence
Abstract

Background: Despite the widespread prevalence and serious clinical sequelae of infection with Helicobacter pylori, there have been few large population-based studies, using randomly selected subjects, examining the epidemiology of this infection.Aim: To examine the distribution and determinants of H. pylori infection in a developed country.Subjects and Setting: Overall 4742 subjects, aged 12-64, from Northern Ireland were randomly selected.Methods: Helicobacter pylori specific IgG antibodies were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, using an acid-glycine extract antigen, in stored serum from subjects who had participated in three linked population-based surveys of cardiovascular risk factors performed in 1986 and 1987.Results: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 50.5%. Prevalence increased with age from 23.4% in 12-14 year olds to 72.7% in 60-64 year olds: chi 2 for trend 518, P < 10(-4). In subjects aged > or = 25, infection was more common in males (60.9%) than females (55.2%): chi 2 = 9.53, P < 0.01. This relation remained significant after adjusting for age, and measures of socioeconomic class: odds ratio (OR) for infection, male versus female was 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.40). Infection was associated with social class: the adjusted OR of infection in subjects from manual social classes relative to those from non-manual classes was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.47-1.98). Infection was significantly more common in current smokers and ex-smokers than in subjects who had never smoked: adjusted OR for infection, ex-smokers versus never smoked was 1.22 (95% CI: 1.01-1.49); for smokers of > or = 20/day versus never smoked OR = 1.33 (95% CI: 1.05-1.67). Infection was not associated with height in adult males but mean height in infected women was lower than in uninfected women after adjusting for age and socioeconomic status: difference in mean height (SE), -0.85 cm (0.32), P < 0.01. There was no demonstrable relationship between H. pylori infection and current alcohol intake.Conclusions: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of infection in a population from a developed country. Previously reported associations between H. pylori infection, age, sex, social class, and reduced height in females were confirmed and smoking was identified as a possible risk factor for H. pylori infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1997
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46. Prevalence and awareness of excess weight in 13 and 14 year olds in Northern Ireland using recent international guidelines.

Author

Yarnell, J W G, McCrum, E E, Patterson, C C, Skidmore, P, Shields, M D, McMahon, J, and Evans, A E

Subjects
*CHILDHOOD obesity, *JUVENILE diseases
Abstract

Concern has been expressed in recent years over the rising trends in overweight and obesity, particularly in children in developed countries. No recent data were available for Northern Ireland; therefore measurements of height and weight were included in a study in Northern Ireland originally designed as part of an international study to estimate the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and atopy in childhood. Twenty-six schools across the province were sampled, 2484 children aged mainly 13 and 14 y completed questionnaires, and 2307 were weighed and measured. Using recently proposed international guidelines on defining overweight and obesity in children the prevalence of overweight in boys was 16%, with 4% being obese. In girls 16% were also overweight and 2% were obese. This concurs with figures for English and Scottish schoolchildren up to 12 y of age from 1994. Less than one-sixth of obese boys but more than onethird of obese girls were on weight-reducing diets (the majority self-prescribed), reflecting differing attitudes towards excess weight. Conclusion: In line with figures in younger children from England and Scotland this study shows that 16% of boys and girls from Northern Ireland are classed as overweight using recent international guidelines. Only 15% of obese boys compared with 38% of obese girls stated that they were on weight-reducing diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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47. Helicobacter pylori infection: relation with cardiovascular risk factors, ischaemic heart disease, and social class.

Author

Murray, L. J., Bamford, K. B., O'Reilly, D. P., McCrum, E. E., and Evans, A. E.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the development of ischaemic heart disease and whether such infection can explain the social class inequality in ischaemic heart disease. DESIGN--Cardiovascular risk factor levels, prevalence of ischaemic heart disease (Rose questionnaire angina, and/or a history of myocardial infarction), and serum antibodies to H pylori (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) were assessed in a cross sectional population based survey. SETTING--Belfast and surrounding districts, Northern Ireland. PARTICIPANTS--1182 men and 1198 women aged 25-64 years randomly selected from the Central Services Agency's general practitioner lists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--The relation of H pylori infection with cardiovascular risk factors and ischaemic heart disease. The association of social class with ischaemic heart disease. RESULTS--Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma viscosity, and total cholesterol were not associated with H pylori infection. A weak negative association existed between H pylori infection and fibrinogen (mean (SE) difference in fibrinogen between infected and uninfected individuals -0.09 (0.04) g/l, P = 0.02) and between infection in women and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (mean (SE) difference in HDL cholesterol between infected and uninfected individuals -0.06 (0.02) mmol/l, P = 0.006). A potentially important association was demonstrated between H pylori infection and ischaemic heart disease but this did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51 (0.93 to 2.45), P = 0.1). Social class was associated with ischaemic heart disease independently of cardiovascular risk factors and H pylori infection (odds ratio, manual v non-manual (95% CI) 1.82 (1.14 to 2.91), P = 0.01). CONCLUSION--H pylori may be independently associated with the development of ischaemic heart disease but if this is so the mechanism by which this effect is exerted is not through increased concentration of plasma fibrinogen. H pylori infection does not explain the social class inequality in ischaemic heart disease which exists independently of known cardiovascular risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1995
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50. Dietary Intake, Smoking, and Transient Anti-Gliadin Antibodies.

Author

MCMILLAN, S. A., JOHNSTON, S. D., WATSON, R. G. P., ELLIS, H. J., CICLITIRA, P. J., MCCRUM, E. E., and EVANS, A. E.

Subjects
IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, CELIAC disease diagnosis, SMOKING, ALCOHOL drinking
Abstract

Background: The detection of IgA anti-gliadin antibodies in adults can either be helpful in the diagnosis of coeliac disease, be persistent in subjects with normal jejunal mucosa, or occur transiently. We decided to investigate the effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary intake on the development of IgA anti-gliadin antibodies. Methods: Serum samples from subjects enrolled from a large Northern Ireland population sample (MONICA survey) were screened for IgA anti-endomysium and IgA anti-gliadin antibodies. All subjects with positive antibodies were invited for clinical assessment 3-4 years after the initial screening sample. During this follow-up a repeat serum sample was obtained and a jejunal biopsy performed. At enrolment in the MONICA survey, lifestyle information including smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary intake was obtained. Results: At follow-up 13 subjects had persistent positive serology and villous atrophy, and 9 had persistent positive serology but normal jejunal histology; in 29 the serology had returned to normal, and the jejunal histology was normal There was no difference in smoking, alcohol consumption, or dietary intake between subjects with and without coeliac disease. Subjects with transient serology findings ate significantly more soda bread than the other groups (at the time of initial screening). Analysis of gliadin content of soda bread and plain white bread showed a significantly higher amount of gliadin present in soda bread. Conclusions: Subjects with transient IgA anti-gliadin antibodies eat significantly more soda bread. The gliadin content of Irish soda bread contained a greater amount of gliadin than white bread. Eating breads with high available gliadin content may cause the appearance of anti-gliadin antibody. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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