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2. A genetically related cluster of Salmonella Typhimurium cases in humans associated with ruminant livestock and related food chains, United Kingdom, August 2021-December 2022

Author

Merrick, Rachel, primary, Pulford, Caisey, additional, Rubeshkumar, Polani, additional, Seyan, Parnam, additional, Fina, Laia, additional, Sawyer, Clare, additional, Pacchiarini, Nicole, additional, Pollock, Carrie, additional, Lighthill, Jonathan, additional, Potter, Tina, additional, Harvey, Nathan, additional, Thomas, Kara, additional, Lloyd, Daniel, additional, Gherman, Iulia, additional, Mackintosh, Adrienne, additional, Lawes, Joanna, additional, Snow, Lucy, additional, Waldram, Alison, additional, Larkin, Lesley, additional, Balasegaram, Sooria, additional, Painset, Anais, additional, McCormick, Jacquelyn, additional, Elson, Richard, additional, Browning, Lynda, additional, Williams, Christopher, additional, Andrew, Rachel, additional, Mably, Susan, additional, and Thomas, Daniel, additional

Published
2024
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3. An international outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis linked to eggs from Poland: a microbiological and epidemiological study

Author

Bertrand, Sophie, Brennan, Martine, Browning, Lynda, Bruce, Ryan, Cantaert, Vera, Chattaway, Marie, Coia, John, Couper, Sarah, Žohar Čretnik, Tjaša, Daniel, Ondřej, Dionisi, Anna Maria, Fabre, Laetitia, Fitz-James, Ife, Florek, Karolina, Florianová, Martina, Fox, Eithne, Frelih, Tatjana, Grilc, Eva, Katalinic Jankovic, Vera, Jourdan, Nathalie, Karpíšková, Renata, van den Kerkhof, Hans, Kuiling, Sjoerd, Kurečić Filipović, Sanja, Laisnez, Valeska, Lange, Heidi, deLappes, Niall, Leblanc, Judith, Luzzi, Ida, Mandilara, Georgia, Mather, Henry, Mattheus, Wesley, Mellou, Kassiani, Morgan, Deborah, Pászti, Judit, de Pinna, Elizabeth, Ragimbeau, Catherine, Røed, Margrethe Hovda, Salmenlinna, Saara, Smith, Robert, Smith-Palmer, Alison, Špačková, Michaela, Torpdahl, Mia, Trkov, Marija, Trönnberg, Linda, Tzani, Myrsini, Utsi, Lara, Wasyl, Dariusz, Weicherding, Pierre, Pijnacker, Roan, Dallman, Timothy J, Tijsma, Aloys S L, Hawkins, Gillian, Larkin, Lesley, Kotila, Saara M, Amore, Giusi, Amato, Ettore, Suzuki, Pamina M, Denayer, Sarah, Klamer, Sofieke, McCormick, Jacquelyn, Hartman, Hassan, Hughes, Gareth J, Brandal, Lin C T, Brown, Derek, Mossong, Joël, Jernberg, Cecilia, Müller, Luise, Palm, Daniel, Severi, Ettore, Gołębiowska, Joannna, Hunjak, Blaženka, Owczarek, Slawomir, Le Hello, Simon, Garvey, Patricia, Mooijman, Kirsten, Friesema, Ingrid H M, van der Weijden, Coen, van der Voort, Menno, Rizzi, Valentina, and Franz, Eelco

Published
2019
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5. ESBL-producing and macrolide-resistant Shigella sonnei infections among men who have sex with men, England, 2015

Author

Mook, Piers, McCormick, Jacquelyn, Bains, Manpreet, Cowley, Lauren A., Chattaway, Marie A., Jenkins, Claire, Mikhail, Amy, Hughes, Gwenda, Elson, Richard, Day, Martin, Manuel, Rohini, Dave, Jayshree, Field, Nigel, Godbole, Gauri, Dallman, Timothy, and Crook, Paul

Subjects
Epidemics -- United Kingdom -- Health aspects, Medical research -- Health aspects, Medicine, Experimental -- Health aspects, Genomics -- Health aspects, Beta lactamases -- Health aspects, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Health aspects, Genomes -- Health aspects, Infection -- Health aspects, Travelers -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Historically, shigellosis is an infection associated with travel to countries in which this infection is endemic. In England in 2009, Shigellaflexneri 3a infections dramatically increased among men who have sex [...]

Published
2016
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6. Levels and genotypes of Salmonella and levels of Escherichia coli in frozen ready-to-cook chicken and turkey products in England tested in 2020 in relation to an outbreak of S. Enteritidis

Author

Jørgensen, Frieda, primary, McLauchlin, Jim, additional, Verlander, Neville Q., additional, Aird, Heather, additional, Balasegaram, Sooria, additional, Chattaway, Marie Anne, additional, Dallman, Tim, additional, Herdman, M. Trent, additional, Hoban, Ann, additional, Lai, Sandra, additional, Larkin, Lesley, additional, McCormick, Jacquelyn, additional, Reeves, Lorraine Sadler, additional, and Willis, Caroline, additional

Published
2022
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9. Development and evaluation of an outbreak surveillance system integrating whole genome sequencing data for non-typhoidal Salmonella in London and South East of England, 2016–17

Author

Paranthaman, Karthik, primary, Mook, Piers, additional, Curtis, Daniele, additional, Evans, Edward-Wynne, additional, Crawley-Boevey, Emma, additional, Dabke, Girija, additional, Carroll, Kevin, additional, McCormick, Jacquelyn, additional, Dallman, Timothy J., additional, and Crook, Paul, additional

Published
2021
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10. Genomic epidemiology of emerging ESBL-producing Kentucky in Europe

Author

Coipan, Claudia E, Westrell, Therese, Hoek, Angela H A M van, Alm, Erik, Kotila, Saara, Berbers, Bas, Keersmaecker, Sigrid C J De, Ceyssens, Pieter-Jan, Borg, Maria Louise, Chattaway, Marie, McCormick, Jacquelyn, Dallman, Timothy J, and Franz, Eelco

Subjects
ESBL, ESC, chromosomal antibiotic resistance, clonal expansion, Salmonella Kentucky, bla CTX-M-14b
Abstract

Global dissemination of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Kentucky has been observed over the past decades. In recent years, there have been reports of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing S. Kentucky. Routine surveillance at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) detected cases with a ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Kentucky with the ESBL-gene blaCTX-M-14b. Ensuing research identified 78 cases in 2013-2018 in eight European countries. Compared to other S. Kentucky and non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, reported to the European Surveillance System, these cases were more likely to be elderly and to present urinary-tract infections. Bayesian time-scaled phylogeny on whole genome sequences of isolates from these cases and supplementary isolates from public sequence databases was used to infer the origin and spread of this clone. We dated the origin of the blaCTX-M-14b clone to approximately 2005 in Northern Africa, most likely in Egypt. The geographic origin predicted by the phylogenetic analysis is consistent with the patients' travel history. Next to multiple introductions of the clone to Europe from Egypt, our analysis suggests that in some parts of Europe the clone might have formed a stable population, from which further spread has occurred. Comparative genomics indicated that the blaCTX-M-14b gene is present on the bacterial chromosome, within the type VI secretion system region. The blaCTX-M-14b gene is integrated downstream of the hcp1 gene, on a 2854 bp plasmid fragment containing also ISEcp1. This is the first report of a chromosomally integrated CTX-M gene in Salmonella spp. in Europe, previous studies having identified similar genes only on plasmids.

Published
2020

11. Genomic epidemiology of emerging ESBL-producing Salmonella Kentucky blaCTX-M-14b in Europe

Author

Coipan, Claudia E., primary, Westrell, Therese, additional, van Hoek, Angela H.A.M., additional, Alm, Erik, additional, Kotila, Saara, additional, Berbers, Bas, additional, de Keersmaecker, Sigrid C.J., additional, Ceyssens, Pieter-Jan, additional, Borg, Maria Louise, additional, Chattaway, Marie, additional, McCormick, Jacquelyn, additional, Dallman, Timothy J., additional, and Franz, Eelco, additional

Published
2020
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12. The Transformation of Reference Microbiology Methods and Surveillance for Salmonella With the Use of Whole Genome Sequencing in England and Wales

Author

Chattaway, Marie Anne, primary, Dallman, Timothy J., additional, Larkin, Lesley, additional, Nair, Satheesh, additional, McCormick, Jacquelyn, additional, Mikhail, Amy, additional, Hartman, Hassan, additional, Godbole, Gauri, additional, Powell, David, additional, Day, Martin, additional, Smith, Robert, additional, and Grant, Kathie, additional

Published
2019
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13. Development and evaluation of an outbreak surveillance system integrating whole genome sequencing data for non-typhoidal in London and South East of England, 2016-17.

Author

Paranthaman, Karthik, Mook, Piers, Curtis, Daniele, Evans, Edward-Wynne, Crawley-Boevey, Emma, Dabke, Girija, Carroll, Kevin, McCormick, Jacquelyn, Dallman, Timothy J., and Crook, Paul

Abstract

An outbreak surveillance system for Salmonella integrating whole genome sequencing (WGS) and epidemiological data was developed in South East and London in 2016-17 to assess local WGS clusters for triage and investigation. Cases genetically linked within a 5 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) single linkage cluster were assessed using a set of locally agreed thresholds based on time, person and place, for reporting to local health protection teams (HPTs). Between September 2016 and September 2017, 230 unique 5-SNP clusters (442 weekly reports) of non-typhoidal Salmonella 5-SNP WGS clusters were identified, of which 208 unique 5-SNP clusters (316 weekly reports) were not reported to the HPTs. In the remaining 22 unique clusters (126 weekly clusters) reported to HPTs, nine were known active outbreak investigations, seven were below locally agreed thresholds and six exceeded local thresholds. A common source or vehicle was identified in four of six clusters that exceeded locally agreed thresholds. This work demonstrates that a threshold-based surveillance system, taking into account time, place and genetic relatedness, is feasible and effective in directing the use of local public health resources for risk assessment and investigation of non-typhoidal Salmonella clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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14. An international outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis linked to eggs from Poland: a microbiological and epidemiological study

Author

Pijnacker, Roan, Dallman, Timothy J, Tijsma, Aloys S L, Hawkins, Gillian, Larkin, Lesley, Kotila, Saara M, Amore, Giusi, Amato, Ettore, Suzuki, Pamina M, Denayer, Sarah, Klamer, Sofieke, Pászti, Judit, McCormick, Jacquelyn, Hartman, Hassan, Hughes, Gareth J, Brandal, Lin C T, Brown, Derek, Mossong, Joël, Jernberg, Cecilia, Müller, Luise, Palm, Daniel, Severi, Ettore, Gołębiowska, Joannna, Hunjak, Blaženka, Owczarek, Slawomir, Le Hello, Simon, Garvey, Patricia, Mooijman, Kirsten, Friesema, Ingrid H M, van der Weijden, Coen, van der Voort, Menno, Rizzi, Valentina, and Franz, Eelco

Published
2019

15. Salmonellosis outbreak with novel Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype (11:z41:e,n,z15) attributable to sesame products in five European countries, 2016 to 2017

Author

Meinen, Anika Simon, Sandra Banerji, Sangeeta Szabo, Istvan and Malorny, Burkhard Borowiak, Maria Hadziabdic, Sead and Becker, Natalie Luber, Petra Lohr, Dorothee Harms, Carolin and Plenge-Boenig, Anita Mellou, Kassiani Mandilara, Georgia and Mossong, Joel Ragimbeau, Catherine Weicherding, Pierre Hau, Patrick Dedicova, Daniela Safarikova, Lucie Nair, Satheesh and Dallman, Timothy J. Larkin, Lesley McCormick, Jacquelyn and De Pinna, Elizabeth Severi, Ettore Kotila, Saara Niskanen, Taina Rizzi, Valentina Deserio, Domenico Flieger, Antje and Stark, Klaus

Abstract

In spring 2016, Greece reported an outbreak caused by a previously undescribed Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype (antigenic formula 11:z41:e,n,z15) via the Epidemic Intelligence Information System for Food-and Waterborne Diseases and Zoonoses (EPIS-FWD), with epidemiological evidence for sesame products as presumptive vehicle. Subsequently, Germany, Czech Republic, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom (UK) reported infections with this novel serotype via EPIS-FWD. Concerned countries in collaboration with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) adopted a common outbreak case definition. An outbreak case was defined as a laboratory-confirmed notification of the novel Salmonella serotype. Between March 2016 and April 2017, 47 outbreak cases were notified (Greece: n = 22; Germany: n = 13; Czech Republic: n = 5; Luxembourg: n = 4; UK: n = 3). Whole genome sequencing revealed the very close genetic relatedness of isolates from all affected countries. Interviews focusing on sesame product consumption, suspicious food item testing and trace-back analysis following Salmonella spp. detection in food products identified a company in Greece where sesame seeds from different countries were processed. Through European collaboration, it was possible to identify and recall sesame spread as one contaminated food item serving as vehicle of infection and trace it back to its origin.

Published
2019

16. An investigation ofSalmonellaFluntern illnesses linked to leopard geckos—United States, 2018

Author

Koski, Lia, primary, DeBess, Emilio, additional, Rosen, Hilary E., additional, Reporter, Roshan, additional, Waltz, Thomas, additional, Leeper, Molly, additional, Concepcion Acevedo, Jeniffer, additional, Karpíšková, Renáta, additional, McCormick, Jacquelyn, additional, Gelbicova, Tereza, additional, Morningstar-Shaw, Brenda, additional, Nichols, Megin, additional, and Leman, Richard F., additional

Published
2019
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17. Salmonellosis outbreak with novel Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype (11:z41:e,n,z15) attributable to sesame products in five European countries, 2016 to 2017

Author

Meinen, Anika, primary, Simon, Sandra, additional, Banerji, Sangeeta, additional, Szabo, Istvan, additional, Malorny, Burkhard, additional, Borowiak, Maria, additional, Hadziabdic, Sead, additional, Becker, Natalie, additional, Luber, Petra, additional, Lohr, Dorothee, additional, Harms, Carolin, additional, Plenge-Bönig, Anita, additional, Mellou, Kassiani, additional, Mandilara, Georgia, additional, Mossong, Joël, additional, Ragimbeau, Catherine, additional, Weicherding, Pierre, additional, Hau, Patrick, additional, Dědičová, Daniela, additional, Šafaříková, Lucie, additional, Nair, Satheesh, additional, Dallman, Timothy J, additional, Larkin, Lesley, additional, McCormick, Jacquelyn, additional, De Pinna, Elizabeth, additional, Severi, Ettore, additional, Kotila, Saara, additional, Niskanen, Taina, additional, Rizzi, Valentina, additional, Deserio, Domenico, additional, Flieger, Antje, additional, and Stark, Klaus, additional

Published
2019
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18. An international outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis linked to eggs from Poland: a microbiological and epidemiological study

Author

Pijnacker, Roan, primary, Dallman, Timothy J, additional, Tijsma, Aloys S L, additional, Hawkins, Gillian, additional, Larkin, Lesley, additional, Kotila, Saara M, additional, Amore, Giusi, additional, Amato, Ettore, additional, Suzuki, Pamina M, additional, Denayer, Sarah, additional, Klamer, Sofieke, additional, Pászti, Judit, additional, McCormick, Jacquelyn, additional, Hartman, Hassan, additional, Hughes, Gareth J, additional, Brandal, Lin C T, additional, Brown, Derek, additional, Mossong, Joël, additional, Jernberg, Cecilia, additional, Müller, Luise, additional, Palm, Daniel, additional, Severi, Ettore, additional, Gołębiowska, Joannna, additional, Hunjak, Blaženka, additional, Owczarek, Slawomir, additional, Le Hello, Simon, additional, Garvey, Patricia, additional, Mooijman, Kirsten, additional, Friesema, Ingrid H M, additional, van der Weijden, Coen, additional, van der Voort, Menno, additional, Rizzi, Valentina, additional, Franz, Eelco, additional, Bertrand, Sophie, additional, Brennan, Martine, additional, Browning, Lynda, additional, Bruce, Ryan, additional, Cantaert, Vera, additional, Chattaway, Marie, additional, Coia, John, additional, Couper, Sarah, additional, Žohar Čretnik, Tjaša, additional, Daniel, Ondřej, additional, Dionisi, Anna Maria, additional, Fabre, Laetitia, additional, Fitz-James, Ife, additional, Florek, Karolina, additional, Florianová, Martina, additional, Fox, Eithne, additional, Frelih, Tatjana, additional, Grilc, Eva, additional, Katalinic Jankovic, Vera, additional, Jourdan, Nathalie, additional, Karpíšková, Renata, additional, van den Kerkhof, Hans, additional, Kuiling, Sjoerd, additional, Kurečić Filipović, Sanja, additional, Laisnez, Valeska, additional, Lange, Heidi, additional, deLappes, Niall, additional, Leblanc, Judith, additional, Luzzi, Ida, additional, Mandilara, Georgia, additional, Mather, Henry, additional, Mattheus, Wesley, additional, Mellou, Kassiani, additional, Morgan, Deborah, additional, de Pinna, Elizabeth, additional, Ragimbeau, Catherine, additional, Røed, Margrethe Hovda, additional, Salmenlinna, Saara, additional, Smith, Robert, additional, Smith-Palmer, Alison, additional, Špačková, Michaela, additional, Torpdahl, Mia, additional, Trkov, Marija, additional, Trönnberg, Linda, additional, Tzani, Myrsini, additional, Utsi, Lara, additional, Wasyl, Dariusz, additional, and Weicherding, Pierre, additional

Published
2019
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19. Emergence of phylogenetically diverse and fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella Enteritidis as a cause of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in Ghana

Author

Aldrich, Cassandra, primary, Hartman, Hassan, additional, Feasey, Nicholas, additional, Chattaway, Marie Anne, additional, Dekker, Denise, additional, Al-Emran, Hassan M., additional, Larkin, Lesley, additional, McCormick, Jacquelyn, additional, Sarpong, Nimako, additional, Le Hello, Simon, additional, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, additional, Panzner, Ursula, additional, Park, Se Eun, additional, Im, Justin, additional, Marks, Florian, additional, May, Jürgen, additional, Dallman, Timothy J., additional, and Eibach, Daniel, additional

Published
2019
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21. Multi-country outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis phage types 56 and 62, MLVA profile 2-11-3-3-2 and 2-12-3-3-2 infections

Author

Einoder-Moreno, Margot, Kotila, Saara, Palm, Daniel, Robesyn, Emmanuel, Severi, Ettore, Takkinen, Johanna, Kornschober, Christian, Mattheus, Wesley, Klamer, Sofieke, Jacquinet, Stephanie, Torpdahl, Mia, Litrup, Eva, Garvey, Patricia, McKeown, Paul, King, Joanne, Cormican, Martin, Mossong, Joël, Gras, Lapo Mughini, Franz, Eelco, Larkin, Lesley, McCormick, Jacquelyn, Dallman, Tim, and Hartman, Hassan

Published
2017
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22. An investigation of Salmonella Fluntern illnesses linked to leopard geckos—United States, 2018.

Author

Koski, Lia, DeBess, Emilio, Rosen, Hilary E., Reporter, Roshan, Waltz, Thomas, Leeper, Molly, Concepcion Acevedo, Jeniffer, Karpíšková, Renáta, McCormick, Jacquelyn, Gelbicova, Tereza, Morningstar-Shaw, Brenda, Nichols, Megin, and Leman, Richard F.

Subjects
GECKOS, SALMONELLA diseases, SALMONELLA, FOODBORNE diseases, PET industry, PET care, CARNIVOROUS animals
Abstract

Reptile contact can result in zoonotic non‐typhoidal salmonellosis. In April 2018, Oregon Public Health Division contacted CDC about a cluster of four Salmonella serovar Fluntern (SF) illnesses in four states (OR, CA, IA, NY); patients reported contact with geckos, a popular reptile pet. PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network of food‐borne disease surveillance, subsequently identified additional SF clinical isolates. Twelve cases in 11 states were identified; median age was 5 years (range: <1–58 years). Three patients were hospitalized; no deaths were reported. Of those with exposure information (n = 10), all reported reptile exposure; 9 (90%) specified contact with leopard geckos. No common source of geckos was identified from reported purchase locations. Los Angeles County (LAC) health officials isolated SF from one patient's leopard gecko. Five reptile/gecko isolates were identified from the USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) from 2015 to 2018. Five countries responded to an Epidemic Intelligence Information System post by PulseNet; reptile isolate sequence data were received from Czech Republic. A clinical case from England was identified through the National Center for Biotechnology Information pathogen detection pipeline; the patient did not report contact with leopard geckos. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed substantial genetic diversity between clinical and animal isolates; however, gecko and clinical isolates from LAC were highly related (1 allele difference). This investigation linking SF illnesses to leopard geckos highlights an important public health risk from pets. A better understanding of how geckos are distributed by the pet industry in the United States could improve traceability to points of origin and mitigate Salmonella transmission at gecko breeders. Earlier NVSL reports of SF isolates from geckos suggest the risk of human SF infection from geckos is not new. This investigation demonstrates a need to educate gecko breeders, retailers and gecko owners about the continued Salmonella infection risk from pet geckos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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23. National outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 linked to mixed salad leaves, United Kingdom, 2016

Author

Gobin, Maya, primary, Hawker, Jeremy, additional, Cleary, Paul, additional, Inns, Thomas, additional, Gardiner, Daniel, additional, Mikhail, Amy, additional, McCormick, Jacquelyn, additional, Elson, Richard, additional, Ready, Derren, additional, Dallman, Tim, additional, Roddick, Iain, additional, Hall, Ian, additional, Willis, Caroline, additional, Crook, Paul, additional, Godbole, Gauri, additional, Tubin-Delic, Drazenka, additional, and Oliver, Isabel, additional

Published
2018
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24. Is there hope for homeless population?

Author

McCormick, Jacquelyn

Subjects
Homelessness, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Jacquelyn McCormick In my role as senior adviser to Berkeley Mayor Jesse Arreguín and as his point person for homelessness, I am on the front lines of Berkeley's homeless [...]

Published
2018

25. ESBL-Producing and Macrolide-ResistantShigella sonneiInfections among Men Who Have Sex with Men, England, 2015

Author

Mook, Piers, primary, McCormick, Jacquelyn, additional, Bains, Manpreet, additional, Cowley, Lauren A., additional, Chattaway, Marie A., additional, Jenkins, Claire, additional, Mikhail, Amy, additional, Hughes, Gwenda, additional, Elson, Richard, additional, Day, Martin, additional, Manuel, Rohini, additional, Dave, Jayshree, additional, Field, Nigel, additional, Godbole, Gauri, additional, Dallman, Timothy, additional, and Crook, Paul, additional

Published
2016
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27. Emergence of phylogenetically diverse and fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella Enteritidis as a cause of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in Ghana

Author

Aldrich, Cassandra, Hartman, Hassan, Feasey, Nicholas, Chattaway, Marie Anne, Dekker, Denise, Al-Emran, Hassan M, Larkin, Lesley, McCormick, Jacquelyn, Sarpong, Nimako, Le Hello, Simon, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Se Eun, Im, Justin, Marks, Florian, May, Jürgen, Dallman, Timothy J, and Eibach, Daniel

Subjects
Male, Molecular Epidemiology, Salmonella Infections, Animal, Adolescent, Genotype, Whole Genome Sequencing, Enterocolitis, Genetic Variation, Infant, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Ghana, Poultry, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Salmonella enteritidis, Child, Preschool, Salmonella Infections, Animals, Humans, Female, Child, Phylogeny, Fluoroquinolones
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a cause of both poultry- and egg-associated enterocolitis globally and bloodstream-invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Distinct, multi-drug resistant genotypes associated with iNTS disease in sSA have recently been described, often requiring treatment with fluoroquinolone antibiotics. In industrialised countries, antimicrobial use in poultry production has led to frequent fluoroquinolone resistance amongst globally prevalent enterocolitis-associated lineages. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Twenty seven S. Enteritidis isolates from patients with iNTS disease and two poultry isolates, collected between 2007 and 2015 in the Ashanti region of Ghana, were whole-genome sequenced. These isolates, notable for a high rate of diminished ciprofloxacin susceptibility (DCS), were placed in the phyletic context of 1,067 sequences from the Public Health England (PHE) S. Enteritidis genome database to understand whether DCS was associated with African or globally-circulating clades of S. Enteritidis. Analysis showed four of the major S. Enteritidis clades were represented, two global and two African. All thirteen DCS isolates, containing a single gyrA mutation at codon 87, belonged to a global PT4-like clade responsible for epidemics of poultry-associated enterocolitis. Apart from two DCS isolates, which clustered with PHE isolates associated with travel to Spain and Brazil, the remaining DCS isolates, including one poultry isolate, belonged to two monophyletic clusters in which gyrA 87 mutations appear to have developed within the region. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Extensive phylogenetic diversity is evident amongst iNTS disease-associated S. Enteritidis in Ghana. Antimicrobial resistance profiles differed by clade, highlighting the challenges of devising empirical sepsis guidelines. The detection of fluoroquinolone resistance in phyletically-related poultry and human isolates is of major concern and surveillance and control measures within the region's burgeoning poultry industry are required to protect a human population at high risk of iNTS disease.

28. Salmonella Saintpaul outbreak associated with cantaloupe consumption, the United Kingdom and Portugal, September to November 2023.

Author

McGeoch LJ, Hoban A, Sawyer C, Rabie H, Painset A, Browning L, Brown D, McCarthy C, Nelson A, Firme A, Pista Â, Moreno J, Martins JV, Silveira L, Machado J, Vasconcelos P, Olufon O, Inzoungou-Massanga C, Douglas A, McCormick J, Larkin L, and Balasegaram S

Subjects
Humans, Portugal epidemiology, Male, Adult, Female, United Kingdom epidemiology, Middle Aged, Child, Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult, Aged, Child, Preschool, Cucumis melo microbiology, Salmonella genetics, Salmonella isolation & purification, Salmonella classification, Infant, Aged, 80 and over, Phylogeny, Disease Outbreaks, Salmonella Food Poisoning epidemiology, Salmonella Food Poisoning microbiology
Abstract

In September 2023, the UK Health Security Agency identified cases of Salmonella Saintpaul distributed across England, Scotland, and Wales, all with very low genetic diversity. Additional cases were identified in Portugal following an alert raised by the United Kingdom. Ninety-eight cases with a similar genetic sequence were identified, 93 in the United Kingdom and 5 in Portugal, of which 46% were aged under 10 years. Cases formed a phylogenetic cluster with a maximum distance of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and average of less than one SNP between isolates. An outbreak investigation was undertaken, including a case-control study. Among the 25 UK cases included in this study, 13 reported blood in stool and 5 were hospitalized. One hundred controls were recruited via a market research panel using frequency matching for age. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of food exposures in cases and controls identified a strong association with cantaloupe consumption (adjusted odds ratio: 14.22; 95% confidence interval: 2.83-71.43; p -value: 0.001). This outbreak, together with other recent national and international incidents, points to an increase in identifications of large outbreaks of Salmonella linked to melon consumption. We recommend detailed questioning and triangulation of information sources to delineate consumption of specific fruit varieties during Salmonella outbreaks.

Published
2024
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29. Genomic epidemiology of emerging ESBL-producing Salmonella Kentucky bla CTX-M-14b in Europe.

Author

Coipan CE, Westrell T, van Hoek AHAM, Alm E, Kotila S, Berbers B, de Keersmaecker SCJ, Ceyssens PJ, Borg ML, Chattaway M, McCormick J, Dallman TJ, and Franz E

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Northern epidemiology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bayes Theorem, Child, Child, Preschool, Chromosomes, Bacterial, Ciprofloxacin pharmacology, Egypt epidemiology, Europe epidemiology, Female, Genomics, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Molecular Epidemiology, Phylogeny, Plasmids, Salmonella Infections microbiology, Salmonella enterica drug effects, Salmonella enterica isolation & purification, Whole Genome Sequencing, Young Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics, Salmonella Infections epidemiology, Salmonella enterica genetics, beta-Lactamases genetics
Abstract

Global dissemination of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Kentucky has been observed over the past decades. In recent years, there have been reports of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing S . Kentucky. Routine surveillance at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) detected cases with a ciprofloxacin-resistant S . Kentucky with the ESBL-gene bla CTX-M-14b . Ensuing research identified 78 cases in 2013-2018 in eight European countries. Compared to other S . Kentucky and non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, reported to the European Surveillance System, these cases were more likely to be elderly and to present urinary-tract infections. Bayesian time-scaled phylogeny on whole genome sequences of isolates from these cases and supplementary isolates from public sequence databases was used to infer the origin and spread of this clone. We dated the origin of the bla CTX-M-14b clone to approximately 2005 in Northern Africa, most likely in Egypt. The geographic origin predicted by the phylogenetic analysis is consistent with the patients' travel history. Next to multiple introductions of the clone to Europe from Egypt, our analysis suggests that in some parts of Europe the clone might have formed a stable population, from which further spread has occurred. Comparative genomics indicated that the bla CTX-M-14b gene is present on the bacterial chromosome, within the type VI secretion system region. The bla CTX-M-14b gene is integrated downstream of the hcp1 gene, on a 2854 bp plasmid fragment containing also IS Ecp1 . This is the first report of a chromosomally integrated CTX-M gene in Salmonella spp. in Europe, previous studies having identified similar genes only on plasmids.

Published
2020
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