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Studies were conducted on commercial farms in 1982 and 1983 to study the effects of above surface drip irrigation, below surface drip irrigation, and furrow irrigation on flowering, boll set, yield, and growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Two varieties were used in 1982, 'Deltapine 62' and 'Deltapine 90', using both above and below ground drip irrigation and Deltapine 90 was grown under furrow irrigation. In 1983 the study was conducted at a different location with above ground drip irrigation and furrow irrigation using the cotton variety 'Deltapine 41'. The irrigation water was monitored to deliver 100% of consumptive use (CU), 85% of CU, 70% of CU, 100% of CU every other day and CU which was the grower's estimate of consumptive use. All open flowers were tagged using Kwik-Lok labels dated with the day the flower opened. Tagging of flowers started from first open flower and continued for 17 weeks in 1982 and 15 weeks in 1983. Plants were sampled twice in 1982 and three times in 1983 for LAI and partitioning studies. All open bolls were harvested on a weekly basis for a total of 12 harvests. In the 1982 experiments no statistical analyses were made because the five treatments were grown in different fields and could not be randomized together. A general comparison showed that Treatment 1, Deltapine 62 above ground drip system produced the highest number of flowers but it had the lowest percent of boll set. Treatment 5, Deltapine 90, furrow system, produced the lowest number of flowers but it had the highest percent of boll set. Treatment 3, Deltapine 62 below ground drip system, had the highest boll set and Treatment 5 retained the least number of bolls. Treatment 2, Deltapine 90 above ground dry system, had the highest seed cotton yield and Treatment 5 had the lowest yield. In the 1983 experiment, there were no significant differences in flowering, boll set, or yield among the five irrigated treatments. The furrow treatment could not be compared statisticall

The Fall Armyworm is a serious pest of many crops throughout most of the Western Hemisphere particularly those belonging to the family Gramineae. This pest is usually controlled by insecticides which, however, cause many health and environmental problems. Although a rich bank of sorgum germplasm occurs in Yemen, no effort has been made to identify the Yemeni cultivars which might express resistance to armyworm attack. There is very little information to show at what time of the growing season and at what planting stage the sorghum cultivars are most susceptible to armyworms. Therefore, eight Yemeni and two American sorghum cultivars were planted in Tucson, Arizona, during 1983 and 1984. The experimental design was a randomized complete block arranged in split-split plots with four replications. The main plots were the varieties, and subplots were two planting dates and two infestation times. The plants were artificially infested with laboratory reared, first instar larvae. Infestation consisted of five larvae per plant in 1983 and ten in 1984. Results demonstrate the 'IBB' and 'TURBA' received the least leaf damage and 'SGIRL-MR1' and 'ALBAIDA' received the most in 1983. However, during 1984, 'TURBA' and 'HAIDRAN' showed the greatest degree of resistance and 'SGIRL-MR1', 'AMRAN', 'ALMAHWIT', and 'ALBAIDA' the least.

The purpose of the study was to compare perceptions of county 4-H agents with the perceptions of state 4-H program leaders regarding media competencies needed by 4-H agents. Additional purposes were to identify when the competencies should be learned, and to determine possible relationships between the perceptions of media competencies and selected demographic and experiential factors of the respondents. A closed-form questionnaire was developed and distributed to state 4-H program leaders, and to 4-H agents attending the 1983 Annual Meeting of the National Association of Extension 4-H Agents. Means were obtained and reported for the perceptions of the importance of each competency. Correlations between perceptions and demographic variables were calculated using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Modes and percentages were used to analyze when each competency should be learned. In general, there were very few statistically significant differences between the two sample populations. Twelve competencies received overall mean scores of over 4.0 (high importance). Three competencies received mean scores of less than 2.0 (low or no importance). Statistically significant relationships were demonstrated between some of the competencies and selected factors of sex, age, title, tenure, and educational level of the respondents, as well as type of county served by the respondents. When determining when the selected media competencies should be learned, the majority of the respondents felt that all but four of the competencies should be learned on the job, and those four competencies should be learned before the agent begins to work. None of the competencies received a majority of the respondents indicating the competency should be learned through a graduate program. Recommendations are given for training using the media competencies, as well as for further study.