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McClary, DanO. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale), Wilbert D. Bowers, Jr., and Glendon R. Miller. Ultraviolet microscopy of budding Saccharomyces. J. Bacteriol. 83:276–283. 1962.—Synchronous cell division was obtained in Saccharomycesby transferring starved cells into nutrient medium. Ultraviolet microscopy and Giemsa-stained preparations of these cells showed nuclear division to occur in the mother cell early in the budding process. The divided nucleus passed into the neck between the mother cell and the bud, and either fused together again or the two parts became so closely associated that one continuous dumbbell-shaped body was seen which seemed to divide by constriction. This effect was probably due to the retention of the intact nuclear membrane until nuclear division was otherwise complete.The nuclear apparatus lies outside the vacuole. The extent to which these bodies function together cannot be determined by the techniques employed in this work.Parallel experiments on meristematic cells of onion root tips show the reliability of these cytological methods.

Miller, GlendonR. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale), Dan O. McClary, and Wilbert D. Bowers, Jr.Ultraviolet and phase microscopy of sporulating Saccharomyces. J. Bacteriol. 85:725–731. 1963.—During active growth, the cytoplasm of yeast cells is densely absorbent to ultraviolet light at 260 mμ, whereas the nucleus is only faintly so, and the vacuole is nonabsorbent. After 24 hr on presporulation medium (about the age of transfer to acetate sporulation medium), the cells manifest many characteristics of starvation. The cytoplasm is weakly absorbent to ultraviolet light except for a dense zone immediately surrounding the vacuole and one or two groups of highly refractile granules clustered on one or both sides of the juncture of the nucleus and the vacuole. After several hours on the acetate sporulation medium, the cells undergo a progressive vacuolation until four or more large vacuoles appear, separated by granular cytoplasm. The nucleus is obscured to ultraviolet light during the vacuolation stage, at which time previous studies have shown its division to occur, and remains so during the rest of the cycle. Photographs of densely granulated cells, at various wavelengths of ultraviolet and visible light, indicated several different types of granules with respect to their absorption spectra. With continued development of the ascus, the granules increase in number until they fill the entire cell and obscure the vacuoles, after which they condense into a compact mass, leaving much of the cell empty. Spores emerge from the granular mass as separate, ultraviolet-absorbent regions without distinguishable cell walls, which seem to be the last structures formed. The rudimentary spores contain a central cluster of dense granules and are separated within the ascus by optically dense, granular partitions which diminish as spore walls are laid down. With the maturing of the ascus, the granules and epiplasm disappear, and the ascus wall is drawn tightly around the more or less homogeneously absorbent spores.