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3. A Tale of Two Hazards: Studying Broadcast Meteorologist Communication of Simultaneous Tornado and Flash Flood (TORFF) Events

Author

Ernst, Sean R., primary, Ripberger, Joseph T., additional, Krutz, Julie, additional, Silva, Carol, additional, Jenkins-Smith, Hank, additional, Wanless, Anna, additional, Nowicki, David, additional, Klockow-McClain, Kimberly E., additional, Berry, Kodi L., additional, Obermeier, Holly B., additional, and Krocak, Makenzie J., additional

Published
2024
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9. Genetic determinants of risk in pulmonary arterial hypertension: international genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis

Author

Rhodes, Christopher J, Batai, Ken, Bleda, Marta, Haimel, Matthias, Southgate, Laura, Germain, Marine, Pauciulo, Michael W, Hadinnapola, Charaka, Aman, Jurjan, Girerd, Barbara, Arora, Amit, Knight, Jo, Hanscombe, Ken B, Karnes, Jason H, Kaakinen, Marika, Gall, Henning, Ulrich, Anna, Harbaum, Lars, Cebola, Ines, Ferrer, Jorge, Lutz, Katie, Swietlik, Emilia M, Ahmad, Ferhaan, Amouyel, Philippe, Archer, Stephen L, Argula, Rahul, Austin, Eric D, Badesch, David, Bakshi, Sahil, Barnett, Christopher, Benza, Raymond, Bhatt, Nitin, Bogaard, Harm J, Burger, Charles D, Chakinala, Murali, Church, Colin, Coghlan, John G, Condliffe, Robin, Corris, Paul A, Danesino, Cesare, Debette, Stephanie, Elliott, C Gregory, Elwing, Jean, Eyries, Melanie, Fortin, Terry, Franke, Andre, Frantz, Robert P, Frost, Adaani, Garcia, Joe GN, Ghio, Stefano, Ghofrani, Hossein-Ardeschir, Gibbs, J Simon R, Harley, John, He, Hua, Hill, Nicholas S, Hirsch, Russel, Houweling, Arjan C, Howard, Luke S, Ivy, Dunbar, Kiely, David G, Klinger, James, Kovacs, Gabor, Lahm, Tim, Laudes, Matthias, Machado, Rajiv D, Ross, Robert V MacKenzie, Marsolo, Keith, Martin, Lisa J, Moledina, Shahin, Montani, David, Nathan, Steven D, Newnham, Michael, Olschewski, Andrea, Olschewski, Horst, Oudiz, Ronald J, Ouwehand, Willem H, Peacock, Andrew J, Pepke-Zaba, Joanna, Rehman, Zia, Robbins, Ivan, Roden, Dan M, Rosenzweig, Erika B, Saydain, Ghulam, Scelsi, Laura, Schilz, Robert, Seeger, Werner, Shaffer, Christian M, Simms, Robert W, Simon, Marc, Sitbon, Olivier, Suntharalingam, Jay, Tang, Haiyang, Tchourbanov, Alexander Y, Thenappan, Thenappan, Torres, Fernando, Toshner, Mark R, Treacy, Carmen M, Noordegraaf, Anton Vonk, Waisfisz, Quinten, Walsworth, Anna K, Walter, Robert E, Wharton, John, White, R James, Wilt, Jeffrey, Wort, Stephen J, Yung, Delphine, Lawrie, Allan, Humbert, Marc, Soubrier, Florent, Tregouet, David-Alexandre, Prokopenko, Inga, Kittles, Richard, Graf, Stefan, Nichols, William C, Trembath, Richard C, Desai, Ankit A, Morrell, Nicholas W, Wilkins, Martin R, Adlard, Julian, Ahmed, Munaza, Aitman, Tim, Alachkar, Hana, Allsup, David, Almeida-King, Jeff, Ancliff, Philip, Antrobus, Richard, Armstrong, Ruth, Arno, Gavin, Ashford, Sofie, Astle, William, Attwood, Anthony, Babbs, Chris, Bakchoul, Tamam, Bariana, Tadbir, Barwell, Julian, Bennett, David, Bentley, David, Bierzynska, Agnieszka, Biss, Tina, Bogaard, Harm, Bourne, Christian, Boyce, Sara, Bradley, John, Breen, Gerome, Brennan, Paul, Brewer, Carole, Brown, Matthew, Browning, Michael, Buchan, Rachel, Buckland, Matthew, Bueser, Teofila, Burns, Siobhan, Burren, Oliver, Calleja, Paul, Carr-White, Gerald, Carss, Keren, Casey, Ruth, Caulfield, Mark, Chambers, John, Chambers, Jennifer, Cheng, Floria, Chinnery, Patrick F, Christian, Martin, Brod, Naomi Clements, Coghlan, Gerry, Colby, Elizabeth, Cole, Trevor, Collins, Janine, Collins, Peter, Colombo, Camilla, Cook, Stuart, Cook, Terry, Cooper, Nichola, Corris, Paul, Crisp-Hihn, Abigail, Curry, Nicola, Daniels, Matthew, Daugherty, Louise, Davis, John, Deevi, Sri VV, Dent, Timothy, Dewhurst, Eleanor, Dixon, Peter, Downes, Kate, Drazyk, Anna, Drewe, Elizabeth, Dutt, Tina, Edgar, David, Edwards, Karen, Egner, William, Erber, Wendy, Erwood, Marie, Estiu, Maria C, Evans, Gillian, Evans, Dafydd Gareth, Everington, Tamara, Eyries, Mlanie, Favier, Remi, Fletcher, Debra, Fox, James, Frary, Amy, French, Courtney, Freson, Kathleen, Frontini, Mattia, Gale, Daniel, Geoghegan, Claire, Gerighty, Terry, Gibbs, Simon, Gilmour, Kimberley, Goddard, Sarah, Gomez, Keith, Gordins, Pavels, Gosal, David, Grassi, Luigi, Greene, Daniel, Greenhalgh, Lynn, Greinacher, Andreas, Gresele, Paolo, Griffiths, Philip, Grigoriadou, Sofia, Grocock, Russell, Grozeva, Detelina, Hackett, Scott, Hague, William, Hall, Matthew, Hanson, Helen, Harkness, Kirsty, Harper, Andrew, Harris, Claire, Hart, Daniel, Hassan, Ahamad, Hayman, Grant, Henderson, Alex, Hoffmann, Jonathan, Horvath, Rita, Houweling, Arjan, Howard, Luke, Hu, Fengyuan, Hudson, Gavin, Hughes, Joseph, Huissoon, Aarnoud, Humphray, Sean, Hunter, Sarah, Hurles, Matthew, Izatt, Louise, James, Roger, Johnson, Sally, Jolles, Stephen, Jolley, Jennifer, Jurkute, Neringa, Kasanicki, Mary, Kazkaz, Hanadi, Kazmi, Rashid, Kelleher, Peter, Kiely, David, Kingston, Nathalie, Klima, Robert, Kostadima, Myrto, Koziell, Ania, Kreuzhuber, Roman, Kuijpers, Taco, Kumar, Ajith, Kumararatne, Dinakantha, Kurian, Manju, Laffan, Michael, Lalloo, Fiona, Lambert, Michele, Allen, Hana Lango, Layton, Mark, Lentaigne, Claire, Levine, Adam, Linger, Rachel, Longhurst, Hilary, Louka, Eleni, Ross, Robert MacKenzie, Madan, Bella, Maher, Eamonn, Maimaris, Jesmeen, Mangles, Sarah, Mapeta, Rutendo, Marchbank, Kevin, Marks, Stephen, Markus, Hugh S, Marschall, Hanns-Ulrich, Marshall, Andrew, Martin, Jennifer, Mathias, Mary, Matthews, Emma, Maxwell, Heather, McAlinden, Paul, McCarthy, Mark, Meacham, Stuart, Mead, Adam, Megy, Karyn, Mehta, Sarju, Michaelides, Michel, Millar, Carolyn, Moore, Tony, Morrell, Nicholas, Mozere, Monika, Muir, Keith, Mumford, Andrew, O'Sullivan, Jennifer, Obaji, Samya, Okoli, Steven, Ong, Kai Ren, Ormondroyd, Elizabeth, Ouwehand, Willem, Papadia, Sofia, Park, Soo-Mi, Parry, David, Paterson, Joan, Peacock, Andrew, Peden, John, Peerlinck, Kathelijne, Penkett, Christopher, Petersen, Romina, Pyle, Angela, Rankin, Stuart, Rao, Anupama, Raymond, F Lucy, Rayner-Matthews, Paula, Rees, Christine, Rendon, Augusto, Renton, Tara, Rice, Andrew, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Alex, Roberts, Irene, Roughley, Catherine, Roy, Noemi, Sadeghi-Alavijeh, Omid, Saleem, Moin, Samani, Nilesh, Sanchis-Juan, Alba, Sargur, Ravishankar, Satchell, Simon, Savic, Sinisa, Schulman, Sol, Scully, Marie, Searle, Claire, Sewell, Carrock, Seyres, Denis, Shapiro, Susie, Sharmardina, Olga, Shtoyerman, Rakefet, Sibson, Keith, Side, Lucy, Simeoni, Ilenia, Simpson, Michael, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Skytte, Anne-Bine, Smith, Katherine, Smith, Kenneth GC, Snape, Katie, Staines, Simon, Staples, Emily, Stark, Hannah, Stephens, Jonathan, Stirrups, Kathleen, Stock, Sophie, Swietlik, Emilia, Tait, R Campbell, Talks, Kate, Tan, Rhea, Thaventhiran, James, Themistocleous, Andreas, Thomas, Moira, Thomson, Kate, Thrasher, Adrian, Thys, Chantal, Tischkowitz, Marc, Titterton, Catherine, Toh, Cheng-Hock, Toshner, Mark, Traylor, Matthew, Treacy, Carmen, Trembath, Richard, Tuna, Salih, Turek, Wojciech, Turro, Ernest, Vale, Tom, Van Geet, Chris, Van Zuydam, Natalie, Vazquez-Lopez, Marta, Von Ziegenweidt, Julie, Waisfisz, Quintin, Walker, Suellen, Ware, James, Watkins, Hugh, Watt, Christopher, Webster, Andrew, Wei, Wei, Welch, Steven, Wessels, Julie, Westbury, Sarah, Westwood, John-Paul, Whitehorn, Deborah, Whitworth, James, Williamson, Catherine, Wong, Edwin, Wood, Nicholas, Wood, Yvette, Woods, Geoff, Woodward, Emma, Wort, Stephen, Worth, Austen, Yates, Katherine, Yong, Patrick, Young, Tim, Yu, Ping, Yu-Wai-Man, Patrick, Theuer, Alison, Malur, Anagha, Williams, Ann, Dotson, Anne, Warden, Ashley, Harrington, Brandy, Vang, Brenda, Ziemak, Caitlin, Casanova, Nancy, Caskey, Elizabeth, MacDonald, Catherine, Rowley, Courtney, Larimore, Daniel, Brady, Daniela, Tomer, David, Davis, Anne, Broach, Debra, Devereux, Jane, Lovato, Ellen, Stratton, Eric, Turk, Erin, Jackson, Esperanza, Paciotti, Gina, Peichel, Gretchen, Birru, Hellina, del Junco, Holly, Ingledue, Rebecca, Bruno, Jackie, Drake, Jan, Marks, Jennifer, Pisarcik, Jessica, Spears, Jill, Santiago, Joseph, DeMartino, Jordyn, Beckmann, Joy, Palmer, Julia, Visnaw, Karen, Kennedy, Karla, Lewis, Karlise, Miller-Reed, Kathleen, Hannon, Kelly, McClain, Kimberly, Dillon, Laura, Olanipekun, Lekan, Mendibles, Lillian, Hawke, Lindsey, Brody, Linnea, Durst, Louise, Andrews, Mary, Allahua, Melissa, Stratoberdha, Melissa, Lemma, Merte, Cope, Molly, Franzo, Mya, Feliz, Natalia, Hawkes, Nicholas, Norwood, Tracy, Wilson, Opal, Palmisciano, Amy, Gruhlke, Peggy, Correa, Priscilla, Blake, Randy, Karnekar, Reema, Do, Robyn, Rohwer, Kristal, Ahmed, Sara, Schiltz, Kimberly, Scovel, Page, Cordell, Shannon, Heuerman, Sharon, Ahmad, Shazzra, Szuberla, Sylwia, Roads, Tammy, Iem, Thoeun, Mcgaha, Traci, Urban, Tracy, Aston, Valerie, Ayesh, Waleed, Light, Allison, Arkon, Abby, Tavlarides, Andrea, Anderson, Audrey, Bindu, John, Boekwig, Deedre, Singleton, Donna, Abrea, Inna, Lee, Jennifer, Ormiston, Mark, Whitman, Renesa, Holy, Royanne, Almeida-Peters, Sisama, Igenoza, Tosin, Farber, Hap, Reponen, Auvo, Barve, Mukta, Gygi, Amber, and Winslow, Clayborne

Subjects
ALPHA, Science & Technology, Critical Care Medicine, ENDODERM FORMATION, General & Internal Medicine, Respiratory System, SUSCEPTIBILITY, SOX17, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, DISEASE
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Rare genetic variants cause pulmonary arterial hypertension, but the contribution of common genetic variation to disease risk and natural history is poorly characterised. We tested for genome-wide association for pulmonary arterial hypertension in large international cohorts and assessed the contribution of associated regions to outcomes. METHODS: We did two separate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and a meta-analysis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. These GWAS used data from four international case-control studies across 11 744 individuals with European ancestry (including 2085 patients). One GWAS used genotypes from 5895 whole-genome sequences and the other GWAS used genotyping array data from an additional 5849 individuals. Cross-validation of loci reaching genome-wide significance was sought by meta-analysis. Conditional analysis corrected for the most significant variants at each locus was used to resolve signals for multiple associations. We functionally annotated associated variants and tested associations with duration of survival. All-cause mortality was the primary endpoint in survival analyses. FINDINGS: A locus near SOX17 (rs10103692, odds ratio 1·80 [95% CI 1·55-2·08], p=5·13 × 10-15) and a second locus in HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 (collectively referred to as HLA-DPA1/DPB1 here; rs2856830, 1·56 [1·42-1·71], p=7·65 × 10-20) within the class II MHC region were associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The SOX17 locus had two independent signals associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (rs13266183, 1·36 [1·25-1·48], p=1·69 × 10-12; and rs10103692). Functional and epigenomic data indicate that the risk variants near SOX17 alter gene regulation via an enhancer active in endothelial cells. Pulmonary arterial hypertension risk variants determined haplotype-specific enhancer activity, and CRISPR-mediated inhibition of the enhancer reduced SOX17 expression. The HLA-DPA1/DPB1 rs2856830 genotype was strongly associated with survival. Median survival from diagnosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension with the C/C homozygous genotype was double (13·50 years [95% CI 12·07 to >13·50]) that of those with the T/T genotype (6·97 years [6·02-8·05]), despite similar baseline disease severity. INTERPRETATION: This is the first study to report that common genetic variation at loci in an enhancer near SOX17 and in HLA-DPA1/DPB1 is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Impairment of SOX17 function might be more common in pulmonary arterial hypertension than suggested by rare mutations in SOX17. Further studies are needed to confirm the association between HLA typing or rs2856830 genotyping and survival, and to determine whether HLA typing or rs2856830 genotyping improves risk stratification in clinical practice or trials. FUNDING: UK NIHR, BHF, UK MRC, Dinosaur Trust, NIH/NHLBI, ERS, EMBO, Wellcome Trust, EU, AHA, ACClinPharm, Netherlands CVRI, Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Federation of UMC, Netherlands OHRD and RNAS, German DFG, German BMBF, APH Paris, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, and French ANR. ispartof: LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE vol:7 issue:3 pages:227-238 ispartof: location:England status: published

Published
2019

11. Cartographic Design for Improved Decision Making: Trade-Offs in Uncertainty Visualization for Tornado Threats.

Author

Klockow-McClain, Kimberly E., McPherson, Renee A., and Thomas, Rick P.

Subjects
*TORNADOES, *WEATHER forecasting, *DECISION making, *CONJOINT analysis
Abstract

At present, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is developing new technologies that could offer explicit estimates of the probability that a thunderstorm could produce a tornado up to an hour ahead of the event. Such technologies could radically alter how risk spaces are represented and understood by those who must decide whether or not to take protective action. In addition, there are relatively few studies that examine mapped representations of uncertainty in weather information or the influence of this uncertainty information in weather hazard decision making. To address these gaps, this study presents research subjects with a variety of representations of uncertainty based on the precepts of cartography and information visualization. We propose and test for the existence of three geospatial framing effects that potentially influence subjective estimates of risk: distance from a hazard, warning boundary inclusion or exclusion, and symbolic color coding of uncertainty information. Using a series of computer-aided geographic experiments with a large sample (N = 5,564) of the U.S. population, we find evidence for the existence of each of the three proposed geospatial framing effects. Two of these framings are controlled by the mapmaker—in this case, the weather forecaster—and thus should be considered during the development stages of new products. We discuss the practical implications of the experimental study for current and future tornado warning practices. Key Words: cartography, risk, tornado, uncertainty, visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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