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3. Protein turnover and amino acid flux in fish larvae

Author

Houlihan, D. F., McCarthy, I. D., Carter, C. G., and Marttin, F.

Subjects
Fisheries and aquaculture
Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present a quantitative analysis of the amino acid flux in fish larvae. The important parts of the analysis are: food intake rates, assimilation rates, rates of protein synthesis, growth and degradation, and ammonia excretion rates. The greatest degree of uncertainty concerns the rates of protein synthesis in fish larvae. However, quantification of amino acid incorporation rates into protein is important when considering amino acid requirements for growth. Methods are described for measuring protein synthesis rates in small larval and juvenile fish based upon the phenylalanine flooding methodology which has been used successfully for larger fish. In trout fry, bathing the animals in radiolabelled amino acids is not very successful in terms of equilibrating the free amino acid pool with the bathing medium, but this method does work well for marine fish larvae and juvenile freshwater stages that are feeding. Results from injecting small trout fry with radiolabelled amino acids are described and this method works well for larger juvenile fish. From the protein synthesis rates of larval herring, an amino acid flux model is described which empha­sizes the relatively large size of the free amino acid pool compared with the amino acids in proteins, and the size of the free pool is compared with estimated rates of protein synthesis. Other methods are described for determining the rates of protein turnover in fish larvae. The effects of body size are considered and it is concluded that RNA concentration, free amino acid pool, and the relative rates of protein synthesis and growth are not exceptional for fish larvae and seem to obey scaling relationships familiar from metabolic considerations. If protein synthesis accounts for a large proportion of the oxygen consumption in fish larvae, then the proportion of the synthesized protein retained as growth may play an important role in the growth efficiency (growth rate divided by food consumption), but there is no evidence that small fish larvae sacrifice protein turnover during rapid growth in order to reduce energy expenditure. Article from Marine Science Symposia Vol. 201 - "Mass rearing of juvenile fish". Symposium held in Bergen, 21-23 June 1993. To access the remaining articles please click on the keyword "MSS Vol. 201".

Published
2023
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37. Age, growth and maturity of tub gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucerna Linnaeus 1758; Triglidae) in the inshore coastal waters of Northwest Wales, UK

Author

McCarthy, I. D., Marriott, A.L., McCarthy, I. D., and Marriott, A.L.

Abstract

The tub gurnard Chelidonichthys lucerna has been identified by ICES as a potential commercial species in the northeast Atlantic with recommendations made to monitor landings and discards and to derive information on population biology for stock assessment purposes, however, data are lacking for the species in the northeast Atlantic. Therefore, aims of this study were to provide data on the size/age‐structure and patterns of growth, maturity and mortality of C. lucerna in Northwest Wales, UK, and in doing so to provide data on the biological characteristics of the most northerly population studied to date for comparison with the existing data for southerly Mediterranean populations. Data on the age, growth and maturity of C. lucerna were collected by otter trawling (73 mm cod‐end stretched mesh size) in the coastal waters of Northwest Wales, UK in October (2000–2011, excluding 2006). Total length (TL) of fish sampled ranged between 10.5–41.0 cm (males) and 10.4–57.5 cm (females). The majority of the female fish were between 20–30 cm TL (60.2%) and the majority of the male fish between 20–30 cm TL (58.3%) respectively. TL/weight (W) relations for male and female fish were similar and the combined data was described by W = 0.0067 TL3.10. Age of fish ranged between 1–7 years old for female fish and 1–5 years old for male fish respectively with the majority of female fish 3 years old (40%) and the majority of male fish 3 years old (37%). The age structures of female and male tub gurnards were not significantly different with the older age classes consisting predominantly of female fish. Both males and females exhibited similar asymptotic growth patterns and the combined von Bertalanffy growth function was TLt = 51.6 (1 − e [−0.25(t + 0.41)]). Instantaneous rates of total mortality were calculated as 1.04 year−1 for males and 1.11 year−1 for females. The size (L50) and age at first maturity (A50) were estimated to be 29.1 cm TL and 2.8 years for males, 27.7 cm TL and 2.7

Published
2018

42. International Symposium on bone vascularization: Toulouse September 1982

Author

Burkhardt, R., Bartl, R., Frisch, B., Jäger, K., Mahl, G., Hill, W., Kettner, G., Bonnel, F., Teissier, J., Allieu, Y., Cazelas, A., Farkas T., Zimmermann I., Siko P., Viola T., Marin, D. Robles, Broseta, R., Berlanga, J. L., Aranda, M., Marti, M., Andreu, P., Wang, Gwo -Jaw, Hubbard, S. L., Regor, S. I., Miller, E. D., Stamp, W. G., Wang, G. J., Rawles, G. J., Paolaggi J. B., Le Parc J. M., Durigon M., Barres D., Paolaggi F., Blotman, F., Colette, C., Monnier, L., Baldet, P., Simon, L., Bouteiller, G., Arlet, J., Blasco, A., Vigoni, F., Eleftérion, A., Trias, A., Téot, L., Tétreault, L., Pooley, J., Walder, D. N., Griss, P., Mohr, M., Ishida, Y., Gaucher, A., Bertrand, A., Wiederkehr, P., Hocquard, C., Raul, P., Adolphe, J., Mess, D., Pavel, D., Barmada, R., Schuind, F., Schoutens, A., Verhas, W., Verschaeren, A., Steib, J. P., Lang, G., Moysses, B., Kleinklaus, K., Ram, M., Theron, J., Collette, M., Ficat, P., Durroux, R., Horvath, E., Boussaton, M., Senie, J. N., Brookes, M., Heatley, F. W., Connoily, J. F., Chakkalakal, D., Kelbel, M., Pfister U., Gregg, P. J., Clayton, C. B., Ions, G. K., Smith, S. R., Schmelzeisen, H., Perren, S. M., Rahn, B., Albrektsson, T., Albrektsson T., McCarthy, I. D., Hughes, S. P. F., Tothill, P., Hooper, G., Tøndevold, E., Bülow, J., Light, T. R., McKinstry, M. R., Schnitzer, J., Ogden, J., Vicente, P., Gunst M. A., Rahn B. A., Lüthy U., Perren S. M., McCarthy, I., Wootton, R., Arnoldi, C., Bünger, C., Kery L., Driessens, M. F., Mortier, G., Vanhoutte, P. M., Tran, M. A., Lac, Dang Tran, Berlan, M., Solomon, S., Schnitzler, C. M., Seftel, H., Mendelsohn, D., Kundig, H., Van Vuren, J. P., Spence, R. K., Alavi, A., Barker, C. F., Grossman, R. G., Slaven, B., Steinberg, M. E., Lane, J., Benoit, J., Danon, H., Lortat-Jacob, A., Dupont, J. Y., Durigon, M., Spencer, J. D., Cabannes, R., Sombo, F., Habermann, E. T., Hartzband, M. A., Zollinger, H., Kubik, St., Schreiber, A., Fauchier, Ch., Jacqueline, F., Remagen, W., Saint-André, J. M., Vizkelety T., Malcolm, A. J., Warda E., Dell, P. C., Burchardt, H., Luethi, U. K., Stroud, R. D., Rahn, B. A., Brown, S. A., Bauer, G., Hanson, L. I., Palmer, J., Stromqvist, B., Hayken, G. D., Steinberg, D. R., Baixe, J. M., Brighton, C. T., Tooze, S. E., Bassett, C. A. L., Schink, M. M., Mitchell, S. N., Judet, H., Gilbert, A., Jude, J., Skinner, H. B., Penix, A. R., Cook, S. D., Haddad, Jr., R. J., Nedjar, C., Ficat, C., Blockx, P. P. G., Bauer, C. H., Décamps, J. L., Bünger, E. H., Bülow, J., Djurhuus, J. C., Chappard, D., Laurent, J. L., Alexandre, C., Riffat, G., Christensen, S. B., Reimann, I., Henriksen, O., Berlabga, J. L., Andrianne, Y., Burny, F., Donkerwolcke, M., Saric, O., Taberly, Pradere, Regis, Bru, Bouzet, Mazières, and Arlet

Published
1982
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44. Age, growth and maturity of tub gurnard (<italic>Chelidonichthys lucerna</italic> Linnaeus 1758; Triglidae) in the inshore coastal waters of Northwest Wales, UK.

Author

McCarthy, I. D. and Marriott, A. L.

Subjects
*FISH age, *FISH growth, *FISH population measurement, *FISHERY management, *TRIGLIDAE, *TERRITORIAL waters, *POPULATION biology
Abstract

Summary: The tub gurnard Chelidonichthys lucerna has been identified by ICES as a potential commercial species in the northeast Atlantic with recommendations made to monitor landings and discards and to derive information on population biology for stock assessment purposes, however, data are lacking for the species in the northeast Atlantic. Therefore, aims of this study were to provide data on the size/age‐structure and patterns of growth, maturity and mortality of C. lucerna in Northwest Wales, UK, and in doing so to provide data on the biological characteristics of the most northerly population studied to date for comparison with the existing data for southerly Mediterranean populations. Data on the age, growth and maturity of C. lucerna were collected by otter trawling (73 mm cod‐end stretched mesh size) in the coastal waters of Northwest Wales, UK in October (2000–2011, excluding 2006). Total length (TL) of fish sampled ranged between 10.5–41.0 cm (males) and 10.4–57.5 cm (females). The majority of the female fish were between 20–30 cm TL (60.2%) and the majority of the male fish between 20–30 cm TL (58.3%) respectively. TL/weight (W) relations for male and female fish were similar and the combined data was described by W = 0.0067 TL3.10. Age of fish ranged between 1–7 years old for female fish and 1–5 years old for male fish respectively with the majority of female fish 3 years old (40%) and the majority of male fish 3 years old (37%). The age structures of female and male tub gurnards were not significantly different with the older age classes consisting predominantly of female fish. Both males and females exhibited similar asymptotic growth patterns and the combined von Bertalanffy growth function was TLt = 51.6 (1 − e [−0.25(t + 0.41)]). Instantaneous rates of total mortality were calculated as 1.04 year−1 for males and 1.11 year−1 for females. The size (L50) and age at first maturity (A50) were estimated to be 29.1 cm TL and 2.8 years for males, 27.7 cm TL and 2.7 years for females and 28.0 cm TL and 2.8 years for both sexes combined. The results of this study provide the first information on the biology and population dynamics of C. lucerna in the Irish Sea, the first data collected in the northeast Atlantic since 1985 and the most northerly population studied to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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47. The status of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in Britain and Ireland

Author

Maitland, P. S., Winfield, I. J., McCarthy, I. D., Igoe, F., Maitland, P. S., Winfield, I. J., McCarthy, I. D., and Igoe, F.

Abstract

The Arctic charr occurs in lakes across Britain and Ireland and was previously described here as 15 separate species. Most authorities now agree that all these stocks belong to a single polymorphic species complex Salvelinus alpinus (L.). This fish is given little protection in British and Irish law and there has been a steady loss of natural populations in recent years in all the countries concerned. A few new stocks have been created either intentionally or accidentally. In Scotland, only a small proportion of the 258 recorded natural populations has been studied and at least 12 of these are now extinct. There are at least four introduced populations originating from native Scottish stocks, but the fate of stocks introduced from Canada for aquaculture is uncertain. In England, there are eight extant populations in Cumbria and four others extinct. The status of introduced stocks in England is uncertain but there is probably one population surviving in Yorkshire. In Wales, eight lakes with resident Arctic charr populations have been recorded, three of these populations are natural, one is extinct and four have been introduced. In Ireland, of the 74 known populations, approximately 30% are extinct. There is no evidence to indicate that introduced stocks (some of them from Iceland) in a small number of lakes have survived there. A range of factors is involved in the extinction of populations and these include pollution, eutrophication, acidification, afforestation, engineering, exploitation, aquaculture, introductions and climate change. Much research remains to be done and unique stocks of this valuable species will continue to be lost unless positive action is taken through local conservation management backed by appropriate national legislation.

Published
2007

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