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We report the growth of α-Ga2O3on m-plane α-Al2O3by conventional plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy and In-mediated metal–oxide-catalyzed epitaxy (MOCATAXY). We report a growth rate diagram for α-Ga2O3(101¯0), and observe (i) a growth rate increase, (ii) an expanded growth window, and (iii) reduced out-of-plane mosaic spread when MOCATAXY is employed for the growth of α-Ga2O3. Through the use of In-mediated catalysis, growth rates over 0.2 μm h−1and rocking curves with full width at half maxima of Δω≈ 0.45° are achieved. Faceting is observed along the α-Ga2O3film surface and explored through scanning transmission electron microscopy.

Isolated patellofemoral arthritis is a common condition and there are varying opinions on the most effective treatments. Non-operative and operative treatments have failed to demonstrate effective long-term treatment for those in an advanced stage of the condition. Newer designs and increased technology in patellofemoral replacement (PFR) have produced more consistent outcomes. This has led to a renewed enthusiasm for this procedure. Newer PFR prostheses have addressed the patellar maltracking issues plaguing some of the older designs. Short-term results with contemporary prostheses and new technology are described here. Cite this article: Bone Joint J2013;95-B, Supple A:124–8.

The NASA Space Human Factors community engages in activities that range from basic research through advanced development projects to applications associated with ongoing programs such as the International Space Station and the Shuttle. This panel of NASA human factors specialists will present information relating to advanced development projects aimed at the creation of tools that can be applied to the analysis, design and evaluation of space vehicles and operations, and future space vehicle design concepts. The projects are: “The voice of the customer” - a description of the multiple pathways used to obtain astronaut information and opinion; International Space Station emergency medical procedure evaluation and redesign; the “magic windows” project which provides a multifunctional display system for operations and personal use on space vehicles and analogs; analytical approaches to digitally scanned crew member anthropometric data; crew member activity measurement, modeling and scheduling; evaluation of the upgraded displays of the Space Shuttle cockpit; and finally a description of the updated, electronic version of the space human factors engineering database.

Eubacterial transducers are transmembrane, methyl-accepting proteins central to chemotaxis systems and share common structural features. We identified a large family of transducer proteins in the Archaeon Halobacterium salinarium using a site-specific multiple antigenic peptide antibody raised against 23 amino acids, representing the highest homology region of eubacterial transducers. This immunological observation was confirmed by isolating 13 methyl-accepting taxis genes using a 27-mer oligonucleotide probe, corresponding to conserved regions between the eubacterial and first halobacterial phototaxis transducer gene htrI. On the basis of the comparison of the predicted structural domains of these transducers, we propose that at least three distinct subfamilies of transducers exist in the Archaeon H. salinarium: (i) a eubacterial chemotaxis transducer type with two hydrophobic membrane-spanning segments connecting sizable domains in the periplasm and cytoplasm; (ii) a cytoplasmic domain and two or more hydrophobic transmembrane segments without periplasmic domains; and (iii) a cytoplasmic domain without hydrophobic transmembrane segments. We fractionated the halobacterial cell lysate into soluble and membrane fractions and localized different halobacterial methyl-accepting taxis proteins in both fractions.

The synthesis of the protected fragment t-butoxycarbonyl-alanineisoleucine-serine(benzyl)-proline (Pro)-Pro-OH derived from the hormone erythropoietin is described. The analysis of the peptide by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) yields apparently inconsistent results. Although HPLC consistently indicates the presence of only one component, TLC reveals a number of distinct species. Because satisfactory amino acid analysis and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry results are obtained, we think it possible that the distinct components arise from the cis-trans isomerization of the peptide bonds to the prolyl residues. An analysis using capillary electrophoresis under basic conditions identifies four components in the final product. Also, under similar conditions proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is able to confirm the presence of cis and trans isomers. The results from this study demonstrate the usefulness of each of the four techniques in identifying the isomerism of the standard amino acid-Pro bond with respect to the peptides ionic state.