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1. Release dynamics of nanodiamonds created by laser-driven shock-compression of polyethylene terephthalate

Author

Heuser, Ben, Bergermann, Armin, Stevenson, Michael G., Ranjan, Divyanshu, He, Zhiyu, Lütgert, Julian, Schumacher, Samuel, Bethkenhagen, Mandy, Descamps, Adrien, Galtier, Eric, Gleason, Arianna E., Khaghani, Dimitri, Glenn, Griffin D., Cunningham, Eric F., Glenzer, Siegfried H., Hartley, Nicholas J., Hernandez, Jean-Alexis, Humphries, Oliver S., Katagiri, Kento, Lee, Hae Ja, McBride, Emma E., Miyanishi, Kohei, Nagler, Bob, Ofori-Okai, Benjamin, Ozaki, Norimasa, Pandolfi, Silvia, Qu, Chongbing, May, Philipp Thomas, Redmer, Ronald, Schoenwaelder, Christopher, Sueda, Keiichi, Yabuuchi, Toshinori, Yabashi, Makina, Lukic, Bratislav, Rack, Alexander, Zinta, Lisa M. V., Vinci, Tommaso, Benuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra, Ravasio, Alessandra, and Kraus, Dominik

Published
2024
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2. Speed of sound in methane under conditions of planetary interiors

Author

White, Thomas G., Poole, Hannah, McBride, Emma E., Oliver, Matthew, Descamps, Adrien, Fletcher, Luke B., Angermeier, W. Alex, Allen, Cameron H., Appel, Karen, Condamine, Florian P., Curry, Chandra B., Dallari, Francesco, Funk, Stefan, Galtier, Eric, Gamboa, Eliseo J., Gauthier, Maxence, Graham, Peter, Goede, Sebastian, Haden, Daniel, Kim, Jongjin B., Lee, Hae Ja, Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K., Richardson, Scott, Rigby, Alex, Schoenwaelder, Christopher, Sun, Peihao, Witte, Bastian L., Tschentscher, Thomas, Zastrau, Ulf, Nagler, Bob, Hastings, J. B., Monaco, Giulio, Gericke, Dirk O., Glenzer, Siegfried H., and Gregori, Gianluca

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present direct observations of acoustic waves in warm dense matter. We analyze wave-number- and energy-resolved x-ray spectra taken from warm dense methane created by laser heating a cryogenic liquid jet. X-ray diffraction and inelastic free-electron scattering yield sample conditions of 0.3$\pm$0.1 eV and 0.8$\pm$0.1 g/cm$^3$, corresponding to a pressure of $\sim$13 GPa. Inelastic x-ray scattering was used to observe the collective oscillations of the ions. With a highly improved energy resolution of $\sim$50 meV, we could clearly distinguish the Brillouin peaks from the quasielastic Rayleigh feature. Data at different wave numbers were utilized to derive a sound speed of 5.9$\pm$0.5 km/s, marking a high-temperature data point for methane and demonstrating consistency with Birch's law in this parameter regime., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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3. Probing the dynamics of solid density micro-wire targets after ultra-intense laser irradiation using a free-electron laser

Author

Kluge, Thomas, Bussmann, Michael, Galtier, Eric, Glenzer, Siegfried, Grenzer, Jörg, Gutt, Christian, Hartley, Nicholas J., Huang, Lingen, Garcia, Alejandro Laso, Lee, Hae Ja, McBride, Emma E., Metzkes-Ng, Josefine, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Nam, Inhyuk, Pelka, Alexander, Prencipe, Irene, Randolph, Lisa, Rehwald, Martin, Rödel, Christian, Rödel, Melanie, Toncian, Toma, Yang, Long, Zeil, Karl, Schramm, Ulrich, and Cowan, Thomas E.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

In this paper, we present an experiment that explores the plasma dynamics of a 7 micron diameter carbon wire after being irradiated with a near-relativistic-intensity short pulse laser. Using an X-ray Free Electron Laser pulse to measure the small angle X-ray scattering signal, we observe that the scattering surface is bent and prone to instability over tens of picoseconds. The dynamics of this process are consistent with the presence of a sharp, propagating shock front inside the wire, moving at a speed close to the hole boring velocity.

Published
2023
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4. Ambient temperature pressure driven alkane dehydrogenation by palladium metal

Author

Frost, Mungo, McBride, Emma E., Smith, Dean, Smith, Jesse S., and Glenzer, Siegfried

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Dehydrogenation of alkanes is of increasing importance in fulfilling global demand for olefins and offers a potential source of carbon-neutral hydrogen as a co-product. Currently commercial dehydrogenation processes occur at high-temperatures (500-900$^\circ$C) which is energy intensive and results in side reactions and rapid coking of the catalysts. In addition the hydrogen produced is often burned to maintain temperature and to inhibit the back reaction. Here we demonstrate pressure as a parameter to enable novel chemical catalytic processes and demonstrate ambient-temperature dehydrogenation of alkanes by palladium at 50-100 MPa pressures, with both hydrogen gas and olefins recovered on decompression. This reaction follows a fundamentally different path to current commercial high-temperature low-pressure dehydrogenation processes with the palladium catalyst reversibly forming a hydride intermediate., Comment: Main article: 12 pages and 8 figures, Supplemental follows main article with 4 pages and 3 figures

Published
2022

5. Probing ultrafast laser plasma processes inside solids with resonant small-angle X-ray scattering

Author

Gaus, Lennart, Bischoff, Lothar, Bussmann, Michael, Cunningham, Eric, Curry, Chandra B., Galtier, Eric, Gauthier, Maxence, García, Alejandro Laso, Garten, Marco, Glenzer, Siegfried, Grenzer, Jörg, Gutt, Christian, Hartley, Nicholas J., Huang, Lingen, Hübner, Uwe, Kraus, Dominik, Lee, Hae Ja, McBride, Emma E., Metzkes-Ng, Josefine, Nagler, Bob, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Nikl, Jan, Ota, Masato, Pelka, Alexander, Prencipe, Irene, Randolph, Lisa, Rödel, Melanie, Sakawa, Youichi, Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter, Šmíd, Michal, Treffert, Franziska, Voigt, Katja, Zeil, Karl, Cowan, Thomas E., Schramm, Ulrich, and Kluge, Thomas

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Extreme states of matter exist throughout the universe e.g. inside planetary cores, stars or astrophysical jets. Such conditions are generated in the laboratory in the interaction of powerful lasers with solids, and their evolution can be probed with femtosecond precision using ultra-short X-ray pulses to study laboratory astrophysics, laser-fusion research or compact particle acceleration. X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns and their asymmetries occurring at X-ray energies of atomic bound-bound transitions contain information on the volumetric nanoscopic distribution of density, ionization and temperature. Buried heavy ion structures in high intensity laser irradiated solids expand on the nanometer scale following heat diffusion, and are heated to more than 2 million Kelvin. These experiments demonstrate resonant SAXS with the aim to better characterize dynamic processes in extreme laboratory plasmas.

Published
2020

6. Compression-rate dependence of pressure-induced phase transitions in Bi.

Author

Husband, Rachel J, O'Bannon, Earl F, Liermann, Hanns-Peter, Lipp, Magnus J, Méndez, Alba SJ, Konôpková, Zuzana, McBride, Emma E, Evans, William J, and Jenei, Zsolt

Abstract

It is qualitatively well known that kinetics related to nucleation and growth can shift apparent phase boundaries from their equilibrium value. In this work, we have measured this effect in Bi using time-resolved X-ray diffraction with unprecedented 0.25 ms time resolution, accurately determining phase transition pressures at compression rates spanning five orders of magnitude (10-2-103 GPa/s) using the dynamic diamond anvil cell. An over-pressurization of the Bi-III/Bi-V phase boundary is observed at fast compression rates for different sample types and stress states, and the largest over-pressurization that is observed is ΔP = 2.5 GPa. The work presented here paves the way for future studies of transition kinetics at previously inaccessible compression rates.

Published
2021

8. Observation of ultrafast solid-density plasma dynamics using femtosecond X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser

Author

Kluge, Thomas, Rödel, Melanie, Metzkes, Josefine, Pelka, Alexander, Garcia, Alejandro Laso, Prencipe, Irene, Rehwald, Martin, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, McBride, Emma E., Schönherr, Tommy, Garten, Marco, Hartley, Nicholas J., Zacharias, Malte, Erbe, Arthur, Georgiev, Yordan M., Galtier, Eric, Nam, Inhyuk, Lee, Hae Ja, Glenzer, Siegfried, Bussmann, Michael, Gutt, Christian, Zeil, Karl, Rödel, Christian, Hübner, Uwe, Schramm, Ulrich, and Cowan, Thomas E.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The complex physics of the interaction between short pulse high intensity lasers and solids is so far hardly accessible by experiments. As a result of missing experimental capabilities to probe the complex electron dynamics and competing instabilities, this impedes the development of compact laser-based next generation secondary radiation sources, e.g. for tumor therapy [Bulanov2002,ledingham2007], laboratory-astrophysics [Remington1999,Bulanov2015], and fusion [Tabak2014]. At present, the fundamental plasma dynamics that occur at the nanometer and femtosecond scales during the laser-solid interaction can only be elucidated by simulations. Here we show experimentally that small angle X-ray scattering of femtosecond X-ray free-electron laser pulses facilitates new capabilities for direct in-situ characterization of intense short-pulse laser plasma interaction at solid density that allows simultaneous nanometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution, directly verifying numerical simulations of the electron density dynamics during the short pulse high intensity laser irradiation of a solid density target. For laser-driven grating targets, we measure the solid density plasma expansion and observe the generation of a transient grating structure in front of the pre-inscribed grating, due to plasma expansion, which is an hitherto unknown effect. We expect that our results will pave the way for novel time-resolved studies, guiding the development of future laser-driven particle and photon sources from solid targets.

Published
2018
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11. One-dimensional chain 'melting' in incommensurate potassium

Author

McBride, Emma E., Munro, Keith A., Stinton, Graham W., Husband, Rachel J., Briggs, Richard, Liermann, Hanns-Peter, and McMahon, Malcolm I.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Between 19 and 54 GPa, potassium has a complex composite incommensurate host-guest structure which undergoes two intraphase transitions over this pressure range. The temperature dependence of these host-guest phases is further complicated by the onset of an order-disorder transition in their guest chains. Here, we report single crystal, quasi-single crystal, and powder synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements of this order-disorder phenomenon in incommensurate potassium to 47 GPa and 750 K. The so-called chain "melting" transition is clearly visible over a 22 GPa pressure range, and there are significant changes in the slope of the phase boundary which divides the ordered and disordered phases, one of which results from the intraphase transitions in the guest structure.

Published
2015
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12. The equations of state of statically compressed palladium and rhodium.

Author

Frost, Mungo, Smith, Dean, McBride, Emma E., Smith, Jesse S., and Glenzer, Siegfried H.

Subjects
PALLADIUM, RHODIUM, EQUATIONS of state, NEON, METALS, HYDRIDES
Abstract

The pressure–volume equations of state of palladium and rhodium statically compressed in neon are presented. Vinet fits give parameters for palladium: V 0 = 58.678 (73) Å 3 , B 0 = 189.3 (30) GPa, B 0 ′ = 5.473 (63) , and rhodium: V 0 = 55.062 (63) Å 3 , B 0 = 241.3 (65) GPa, B 0 ′ = 5.34 (24). Both metals are observed to react with hydrocarbons under pressure to form hydrides. Existing equations of state are discussed with regard to potential inadvertent hydrogen contamination as a source for discrepancies and anomalous fitted parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Trait mindfulness and mind-body health in students: The role of gender, race, and ethnicity.

Author

Greeson, Jeffrey M., McBride, Emma E., Chin, Gabrielle R., Lee, Hana H., and Colangelo, Amanda P.

Subjects
*CROSS-sectional method, *PEARSON correlation (Statistics), *HEALTH status indicators, *COGNITIVE testing, *AFRICAN Americans, *MINDFULNESS, *UNDERGRADUATES, *HEALTH, *SEX distribution, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *ASIANS, *SURVEYS, *PERSONALITY, *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, *HEALTH behavior, *PSYCHOLOGY of college students, *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors
Abstract

Objective: Trait mindfulness is associated with well-being in college students, yet it is unclear whether these associations are consistent across demographics. Participants: Undergraduate students (n = 534; 33% nonwhite; Apr2018–Sep2019). Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was performed. Pearson correlations tested the relationship between specific facets of trait mindfulness and four domains of mind-body health: stress, well-being, cognitive functioning, and health behaviors. Gender, race, and ethnicity were tested as moderators. Results: In general, higher trait mindfulness is consistently associated with better mind-body health across demographics. However, in men, some health behavior variables correlated more strongly with mindfulness. Among Black students, the relationship between Non-Reactivity and some outcome variables was null or counterintuitive. In Asian students, several predicted associations were significantly stronger. Conclusion: Trait mindfulness corresponds to mind-body health in college students, but relationships may not be universal. Future research is needed to replicate these findings and to examine possible demographic differences in response to mindfulness training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Evidence for phonon hardening in laser-excited gold using x-ray diffraction at a hard x-ray free electron laser

Author

Descamps, Adrien, primary, Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K., additional, Bistoni, Oliviero, additional, Chen, Zhijiang, additional, Cunningham, Eric, additional, Fletcher, Luke B., additional, Hartley, Nicholas J., additional, Hastings, Jerome B., additional, Khaghani, Dimitri, additional, Mo, Mianzhen, additional, Nagler, Bob, additional, Recoules, Vanina, additional, Redmer, Ronald, additional, Schörner, Maximilian, additional, Senesky, Debbie G., additional, Sun, Peihao, additional, Tsai, Hai-En, additional, White, Thomas G., additional, Glenzer, Siegfried H., additional, and McBride, Emma E., additional

Published
2024
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15. X-ray diffraction of metastable structures from supercooled liquid hydrogen.

Author

Fletcher, Luke B., Levitan, Abraham L., McBride, Emma E., Kim, Jongjin B., Alves, Eduardo P., Aquila, Andrew, Frost, Mungo, Goede, Sebastian, King, Grace, Lane, Thomas J., Liang, Mengning, MacDonald, Michael J., Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K., Schönwälder, Christopher, Sun, Peihao, Hastings, Jerome B., Boutet, Sebastien, and Glenzer, Siegfried H.

Subjects
LIQUID hydrogen, X-ray diffraction, SUPERCOOLED liquids, LIQUID density, SUPERCOOLING, COHERENCE (Optics)
Abstract

We report time resolved observations of the crystallization from liquid hydrogen, supercooled to temperatures below the melting point, using 11.2 keV X-ray diffraction from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Changes to the metastable solid and liquid structure factors have been dynamically measured. This allows for a direct determination of the lowest energy crystal polymorphs, the stacking probabilities, as well as the liquid and solid densities and temperatures. Such measurements provide experimental evidence of an Arrhenius-like growth kinetics along the stacking direction during supercooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. A MHz X-ray diffraction set-up for dynamic compression experiments in the diamond anvil cell

Author

Husband, Rachel J., primary, Strohm, Cornelius, additional, Appel, Karen, additional, Ball, Orianna B., additional, Briggs, Richard, additional, Buchen, Johannes, additional, Cerantola, Valerio, additional, Chariton, Stella, additional, Coleman, Amy L., additional, Cynn, Hyunchae, additional, Dattelbaum, Dana, additional, Dwivedi, Anand, additional, Eggert, Jon H., additional, Ehm, Lars, additional, Evans, William J., additional, Glazyrin, Konstantin, additional, Goncharov, Alexander F., additional, Graafsma, Heinz, additional, Howard, Alex, additional, Huston, Larissa, additional, Hutchinson, Trevor M., additional, Hwang, Huijeong, additional, Jacob, Sony, additional, Kaa, Johannes, additional, Kim, Jaeyong, additional, Kim, Minseob, additional, Koemets, Egor, additional, Konôpková, Zuzana, additional, Langenhorst, Falko, additional, Laurus, Torsten, additional, Li, Xinyang, additional, Mainberger, Jona, additional, Marquardt, Hauke, additional, McBride, Emma E., additional, McGuire, Christopher, additional, McHardy, James D., additional, McMahon, Malcolm I., additional, McWilliams, R. Stewart, additional, Méndez, Alba S. J., additional, Mondal, Anshuman, additional, Morard, Guillaume, additional, O'Bannon, Earl F., additional, Otzen, Christoph, additional, Pépin, Charles M., additional, Prakapenka, Vitali B., additional, Prescher, Clemens, additional, Preston, Thomas R., additional, Redmer, Ronald, additional, Roeper, Michael, additional, Sanchez-Valle, Carmen, additional, Smith, Dean, additional, Smith, Raymond F., additional, Sneed, Daniel, additional, Speziale, Sergio, additional, Spitzbart, Tobias, additional, Stern, Stephan, additional, Sturtevant, Blake T., additional, Sztuk-Dambietz, Jolanta, additional, Talkovski, Peter, additional, Velisavljevic, Nenad, additional, Vennari, Cara, additional, Wu, Zhongyan, additional, Yoo, Choong-Shik, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, Jenei, Zsolt, additional, and Liermann, Hanns-Peter, additional

Published
2023
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17. The Speed of Sound in Methane under Conditions of the Thermal Boundary Layer of Uranus

Author

White, Thomas G., Poole, Hannah, McBride, Emma E., Oliver, Matthew, Descamps, Adrien, Fletcher, Luke B., Angermeier, W. Alex, Allen, Cameron H., Appel, Karen, Condamine, Florian P., Curry, Chandra B., Dallari, Francesco, Funk, Stefan, Galtier, Eric, Gamboa, Eliseo J., Gauthier, Maxence, Graham, Peter, Goede, Sebastian, Haden, Daniel, Kim, Jongjin B., Lee, Hae Ja, Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K., Richardson, Scott, Rigby, Alex, Schoenwaelder, Christopher, Sun, Peihao, Witte, Bastian L., Tschentscher, Thomas, Zastrau, Ulf, Nagler, Bob, Hastings, Jerome, Monaco, Giulio, Gericke, Dirk O., Glenzer, Siegfried H., Gregori, Gianluca, White, Thomas G., Poole, Hannah, McBride, Emma E., Oliver, Matthew, Descamps, Adrien, Fletcher, Luke B., Angermeier, W. Alex, Allen, Cameron H., Appel, Karen, Condamine, Florian P., Curry, Chandra B., Dallari, Francesco, Funk, Stefan, Galtier, Eric, Gamboa, Eliseo J., Gauthier, Maxence, Graham, Peter, Goede, Sebastian, Haden, Daniel, Kim, Jongjin B., Lee, Hae Ja, Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K., Richardson, Scott, Rigby, Alex, Schoenwaelder, Christopher, Sun, Peihao, Witte, Bastian L., Tschentscher, Thomas, Zastrau, Ulf, Nagler, Bob, Hastings, Jerome, Monaco, Giulio, Gericke, Dirk O., Glenzer, Siegfried H., and Gregori, Gianluca

Abstract

We present the first direct observations of acoustic waves in warm dense matter. We analyze wavenumber- and energy-resolved X-ray spectra taken from warm dense methane created by laser-heating a cryogenic liquid jet. X-ray diffraction and inelastic free electron scattering yield sample conditions of 0.3$\pm$0.1 eV and 0.8$\pm$0.1 g/cm$^3$, corresponding to a pressure of $\sim$13 GPa and matching the conditions predicted in the thermal boundary layer between the inner and outer envelope of Uranus. Inelastic X-ray scattering was used to observe the collective oscillations of the ions. With a highly improved energy resolution of $\sim$50 meV, we could clearly distinguish the Brillouin peaks from the quasi-elastic Rayleigh feature. Data at different wavenumbers were used to obtain a sound speed of 5.9$\pm$0.5 km/s, which enabled us to validate the use of Birch's law in this new parameter regime., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures with supplementary information

Published
2023

18. A MHz X-ray diffraction set-up for dynamic compression experiments in the diamond anvil cell

Author

Husband, Rachel J., Strohm, Cornelius, Appel, Karen, Ball, Orianna B., Briggs, Richard, Buchen, Johannes, Cerantola, Valerio, Chariton, Stella, Coleman, Amy, Cynn, Hyunchae, Dattelbaum, Dana, Dwivedi, Anand, Eggert, Jon H., Ehm, Lars, Evans, William J., Glazyrin, Konstantin, Goncharov, Alexander, Graafsma, Heinz, Howard, Alexander, Huston, Larissa, Hutchinson, Trevor M., Hwang, Huijeong, Jacob, Sony, Kaa, Johannes, Kim, Jaeyong, Kim, Minseob, Koemets, Egor, Konôpková, Zuzana, Langenhorst, Falko, Laurus, Torsten, Li, Xinyang, Mainberger, Jona, Marquardt, Hauke, McBride, Emma E., McGuire, Christopher, McHardy, James, McMahon, Malcolm I., McWilliams, R. Stewart, Méndez, Alba S. J., Mondal, Anshuman, Morard, Guillaume, O'Bannon, Earl, Otzen, Christoph, Pépin, Charles, Prakapenka, Vitali, Prescher, Clemens, Preston, Thomas, Redmer, Ronald, Roeper, Michael, Sanchez-Valle, Carmen, Smith, Dean, Smith, Raymond F., Sneed, Daniel, Speziale, Sergio, Spitzbart, Tobias, Stern, Stephan, Sturtevant, Blake, Sztuk-Dambietz, Jolanta, Talkovski, Peter, Velisavljevic, Nenad, Vennari, Cara, Wu, Zhongyan, Yoo, Choong-Shik, Zastrau, Ulf, Jenei, Zsolt, and Liermann, Hanns-Peter

Subjects
ddc:550
Abstract

Journal of synchrotron radiation 30(4), 671 - 685 (2023). doi:10.1107/S1600577523003910, An experimental platform for dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) research hasbeen developed at the High Energy Density (HED) Instrument at the EuropeanX-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). Advantage was taken of the highrepetition rate of the European XFEL (up to 4.5 MHz) to collect pulse-resolvedMHz X-ray diffraction data from samples as they are dynamically compressed atintermediate strain rates ( 10 3 s1), where up to 352 diffraction images can becollected from a single pulse train. The set-up employs piezo-driven dDACscapable of compressing samples in 340 ms, compatible with the maximumlength of the pulse train (550 ms). Results from rapid compression experimentson a wide range of sample systems with different X-ray scattering powers arepresented. A maximum compression rate of 87 TPa s1 was observed duringthe fast compression of Au, while a strain rate of 1100 s1 was achievedduring the rapid compression of N2 at 23 TPa s1., Published by Wiley-Blackwell, [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]

Published
2023
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21. Diamond formation kinetics in shock-compressed C─H─O samples recorded by small-angle x-ray scattering and x-ray diffraction

Author

He, Zhiyu, primary, Rödel, Melanie, additional, Lütgert, Julian, additional, Bergermann, Armin, additional, Bethkenhagen, Mandy, additional, Chekrygina, Deniza, additional, Cowan, Thomas E., additional, Descamps, Adrien, additional, French, Martin, additional, Galtier, Eric, additional, Gleason, Arianna E., additional, Glenn, Griffin D., additional, Glenzer, Siegfried H., additional, Inubushi, Yuichi, additional, Hartley, Nicholas J., additional, Hernandez, Jean-Alexis, additional, Heuser, Benjamin, additional, Humphries, Oliver S., additional, Kamimura, Nobuki, additional, Katagiri, Kento, additional, Khaghani, Dimitri, additional, Lee, Hae Ja, additional, McBride, Emma E., additional, Miyanishi, Kohei, additional, Nagler, Bob, additional, Ofori-Okai, Benjamin, additional, Ozaki, Norimasa, additional, Pandolfi, Silvia, additional, Qu, Chongbing, additional, Ranjan, Divyanshu, additional, Redmer, Ronald, additional, Schoenwaelder, Christopher, additional, Schuster, Anja K., additional, Stevenson, Michael G., additional, Sueda, Keiichi, additional, Togashi, Tadashi, additional, Vinci, Tommaso, additional, Voigt, Katja, additional, Vorberger, Jan, additional, Yabashi, Makina, additional, Yabuuchi, Toshinori, additional, Zinta, Lisa M. V., additional, Ravasio, Alessandra, additional, and Kraus, Dominik, additional

Published
2022
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22. Compression-rate dependence of pressure-induced phase transitions in Bi

Author

McBride, Emma E.

Abstract

It is qualitatively well known that kinetics related to nucleation and growth can shift apparent phase boundaries from their equilibrium value. In this work, we have measured this efect in Bi using timeresolved X-ray difraction with unprecedented 0.25 ms time resolution, accurately determining phase transition pressures at compression rates spanning fve orders of magnitude (10–2–103GPa/s) using the dynamic diamond anvil cell. An over-pressurization of the Bi-III/Bi-V phase boundary is observed at fast compression rates for diferent sample types and stress states, and the largest over-pressurization that is observed is ΔP= 2.5GPa. The work presented here paves the way for future studies of transition kinetics at previously inaccessible compression rates.

Published
2022
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23. Is Trait Mindfulness in College Students Related to Yoga and Meditation Experience?

Author

Clauser, Kora S., McBride, Emma E., and Greeson, Jeffrey M.

Subjects
*MINDFULNESS, *COLLEGE students, *YOGA, *MEDITATION, *ANALYSIS of variance, *TEST validity
Abstract

Background • Although meditation and yoga have been associated with higher trait mindfulness in general, they may help practitioners cultivate different qualities of mindfulness that manifest in different trait mindfulness profile scores. Primary Study Objective • This study tested the hypothesis that college students who practice both meditation and yoga report the highest overall trait mindfulness scores and also explored the possibility that scores on specific facets of mindfulness may differ as a function of the meditation or yoga experience. Methods/Design • The study used a cross-sectional online survey (n=529). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for gender was used to compare students with neither meditation nor yoga experience, only meditation experience, only yoga experience, and both meditation and yoga experience, in terms of overall trait mindfulness (CAMS-R), five specific facets of trait mindfulness (FFMQ), decentering, and self-compassion. An exploratory analysis was also conducted to assess the construct validity of the FFMQ as a function of the meditation/yoga experience. Setting • Public university in Mid-Atlantic U.S. Participants • An undergraduate student convenience sample (age: 18–56 years; gender: 66% F; ethnicity: 32% racial minority). Results • There were no significant effects of the meditation/yoga experience on any outcome measure. Pairwise comparisons show that non-reactivity was significantly higher in the practitioners of both meditation and yoga compared to non-practitioners (P = .046, d = .026). Overall trait mindfulness was significantly higher in practitioners of both, compared to meditators only (P=.045, d=.064). Reliability and convergent validity of the FFMQ-SF were generally worse in non-practitioners. Conclusion • Testing for differences in trait mindfulness using the FFMQ-SF may not be reliable or valid in college students, particularly when students have little meditation or yoga experience. Future research with this population should utilize the long form of the FFMQ, collect additional data about participants’ meditation and yoga practice, and strongly consider using multiple methods to assess mindfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

24. Mindfulness, cognitive functioning, and academic achievement in college students:the mediating role of stress.

Author

McBride, Emma E. and Greeson, Jeffrey M.

Subjects
COGNITIVE ability, MINDFULNESS, ACADEMIC achievement, PATH analysis (Statistics), COLLEGE students, INTERNET surveys
Abstract

Higher trait mindfulness may be associated with better cognitive functioning and academic achievement in college students. Although mediating mechanisms are unclear, lower stress levels could explain this relationship. Participants: Cross-sectional online survey (n = 534; 33% non-white; Apr 2018 – Sep 2019). Path analysis tested Perceived Stress as a mediator between specific facets of trait mindfulness and three measures of self-reported cognitive functioning and academic achievement: Cognitive Abilities, Cognitive Concerns, and GPA. Perceived Stress fully or partially mediated the relationship between all facets of trait mindfulness and perceived cognitive functioning. Only Decentering, however, was associated with higher GPA as a function of lower stress. Lower stress can explain the link between higher trait mindfulness and better cognitive functioning, but not necessarily academic achievement. Future research is needed to address causality, examine objective measures of cognitive functioning, and extend this explanatory model to mindfulness training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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25. Probing ultrafast laser plasma processes inside solids with resonant small-angle x-ray scattering

Author

Gaus, Lennart, primary, Bischoff, Lothar, additional, Bussmann, Michael, additional, Cunningham, Eric, additional, Curry, Chandra B., additional, E, Juncheng, additional, Galtier, Eric, additional, Gauthier, Maxence, additional, Laso García, Alejandro, additional, Garten, Marco, additional, Glenzer, Siegfried, additional, Grenzer, Jörg, additional, Gutt, Christian, additional, Hartley, Nicholas J., additional, Huang, Lingen, additional, Hübner, Uwe, additional, Kraus, Dominik, additional, Lee, Hae Ja, additional, McBride, Emma E., additional, Metzkes-Ng, Josefine, additional, Nagler, Bob, additional, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, additional, Nikl, Jan, additional, Ota, Masato, additional, Pelka, Alexander, additional, Prencipe, Irene, additional, Randolph, Lisa, additional, Rödel, Melanie, additional, Sakawa, Youichi, additional, Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter, additional, Šmíd, Michal, additional, Treffert, Franziska, additional, Voigt, Katja, additional, Zeil, Karl, additional, Cowan, Thomas E., additional, Schramm, Ulrich, additional, and Kluge, Thomas, additional

Published
2021
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26. The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

Author

Zastrau, Ulf, primary, Appel, Karen, additional, Baehtz, Carsten, additional, Baehr, Oliver, additional, Batchelor, Lewis, additional, Berghäuser, Andreas, additional, Banjafar, Mohammadreza, additional, Brambrink, Erik, additional, Cerantola, Valerio, additional, Cowan, Thomas E., additional, Damker, Horst, additional, Dietrich, Steffen, additional, Di Dio Cafiso, Samuele, additional, Dreyer, Jörn, additional, Engel, Hans-Olaf, additional, Feldmann, Thomas, additional, Findeisen, Stefan, additional, Foese, Manon, additional, Fulla-Marsa, Daniel, additional, Göde, Sebastian, additional, Hassan, Mohammed, additional, Hauser, Jens, additional, Herrmannsdörfer, Thomas, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Kaa, Johannes, additional, Kaever, Peter, additional, Knöfel, Klaus, additional, Konôpková, Zuzana, additional, Laso García, Alejandro, additional, Liermann, Hanns-Peter, additional, Mainberger, Jona, additional, Makita, Mikako, additional, Martens, Eike-Christian, additional, McBride, Emma E., additional, Möller, Dominik, additional, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, additional, Pelka, Alexander, additional, Plueckthun, Christian, additional, Prescher, Clemens, additional, Preston, Thomas R., additional, Röper, Michael, additional, Schmidt, Andreas, additional, Seidel, Wolfgang, additional, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, additional, Schoelmerich, Markus O., additional, Schramm, Ulrich, additional, Schropp, Andreas, additional, Strohm, Cornelius, additional, Sukharnikov, Konstantin, additional, Talkovski, Peter, additional, Thorpe, Ian, additional, Toncian, Monika, additional, Toncian, Toma, additional, Wollenweber, Lennart, additional, Yamamoto, Shingo, additional, and Tschentscher, Thomas, additional

Published
2021
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27. Phase changes in dynamically compressed water

Author

Stevenson, Michael G., primary, Zinta, Lisa M. V., additional, Heuser, Benjamin, additional, He, Zhiyu, additional, Ranjan, Divyanshu, additional, Bethkenhagen, Mandy, additional, French, Martin, additional, Bergermann, Armin, additional, Redmer, Ronald, additional, Cowan, Thomas E., additional, Humphries, Oliver, additional, Lütgert, Julian, additional, Voigt, Katja, additional, Schuster, Anja K., additional, Lefevre, F., additional, Vinci, Tommaso, additional, McBride, Emma E., additional, Hartley, Nicholas J., additional, Gleason-Holbrook, Arianna E., additional, Glenzer, Siegfried H., additional, Pandolfi, Silvia, additional, Descamps, Adrien, additional, Ofori-Okai, Benjamin, additional, Schoenwaelder, Christopher, additional, Glenn, Griffin, additional, Fletcher, Luke B., additional, Nagler, Bob, additional, Lee, Hae Ja, additional, Khaghani, Dimitri, additional, Galtier, Eric, additional, Hernandez, Jean-Alexis, additional, Ravasio, Alessandra, additional, and Kraus, Dominik, additional

Published
2021
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28. The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

Author

Zastrau, U, Appel, K, Baehtz, C, Baehr, O, Batchelor, L, Berghäuser, A, Banjafar, M, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Cowan, T, Damker, H, Dietrich, S, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Dreyer, J, Engel, H, Feldmann, T, Findeisen, S, Foese, M, Fulla-Marsa, D, Göde, S, Hassan, M, Hauser, J, Herrmannsdörfer, T, Höppner, H, Kaa, J, Kaever, P, Knöfel, K, Konôpková, Z, Laso García, A, Liermann, H, Mainberger, J, Makita, M, Martens, E, Mcbride, E, Möller, D, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pelka, A, Plueckthun, C, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Röper, M, Schmidt, A, Seidel, W, Schwinkendorf, J, Schoelmerich, M, Schramm, U, Schropp, A, Strohm, C, Sukharnikov, K, Talkovski, P, Thorpe, I, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Wollenweber, L, Yamamoto, S, Tschentscher, T, Zastrau, Ulf, Appel, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Baehr, Oliver, Batchelor, Lewis, Berghäuser, Andreas, Banjafar, Mohammadreza, Brambrink, Erik, Cerantola, Valerio, Cowan, Thomas E, Damker, Horst, Dietrich, Steffen, Di Dio Cafiso, Samuele, Dreyer, Jörn, Engel, Hans Olaf, Feldmann, Thomas, Findeisen, Stefan, Foese, Manon, Fulla-Marsa, Daniel, Göde, Sebastian, Hassan, Mohammed, Hauser, Jens, Herrmannsdörfer, Thomas, Höppner, Hauke, Kaa, Johannes, Kaever, Peter, Knöfel, Klaus, Konôpková, Zuzana, Laso García, Alejandro, Liermann, Hanns Peter, Mainberger, Jona, Makita, Mikako, Martens, Eike Christian, McBride, Emma E, Möller, Dominik, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pelka, Alexander, Plueckthun, Christian, Prescher, Clemens, Preston, Thomas R, Röper, Michael, Schmidt, Andreas, Seidel, Wolfgang, Schwinkendorf, Jan Patrick, Schoelmerich, Markus O, Schramm, Ulrich, Schropp, Andreas, Strohm, Cornelius, Sukharnikov, Konstantin, Talkovski, Peter, Thorpe, Ian, Toncian, Monika, Toncian, Toma, Wollenweber, Lennart, Yamamoto, Shingo, Tschentscher, Thomas, Zastrau, U, Appel, K, Baehtz, C, Baehr, O, Batchelor, L, Berghäuser, A, Banjafar, M, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Cowan, T, Damker, H, Dietrich, S, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Dreyer, J, Engel, H, Feldmann, T, Findeisen, S, Foese, M, Fulla-Marsa, D, Göde, S, Hassan, M, Hauser, J, Herrmannsdörfer, T, Höppner, H, Kaa, J, Kaever, P, Knöfel, K, Konôpková, Z, Laso García, A, Liermann, H, Mainberger, J, Makita, M, Martens, E, Mcbride, E, Möller, D, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pelka, A, Plueckthun, C, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Röper, M, Schmidt, A, Seidel, W, Schwinkendorf, J, Schoelmerich, M, Schramm, U, Schropp, A, Strohm, C, Sukharnikov, K, Talkovski, P, Thorpe, I, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Wollenweber, L, Yamamoto, S, Tschentscher, T, Zastrau, Ulf, Appel, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Baehr, Oliver, Batchelor, Lewis, Berghäuser, Andreas, Banjafar, Mohammadreza, Brambrink, Erik, Cerantola, Valerio, Cowan, Thomas E, Damker, Horst, Dietrich, Steffen, Di Dio Cafiso, Samuele, Dreyer, Jörn, Engel, Hans Olaf, Feldmann, Thomas, Findeisen, Stefan, Foese, Manon, Fulla-Marsa, Daniel, Göde, Sebastian, Hassan, Mohammed, Hauser, Jens, Herrmannsdörfer, Thomas, Höppner, Hauke, Kaa, Johannes, Kaever, Peter, Knöfel, Klaus, Konôpková, Zuzana, Laso García, Alejandro, Liermann, Hanns Peter, Mainberger, Jona, Makita, Mikako, Martens, Eike Christian, McBride, Emma E, Möller, Dominik, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pelka, Alexander, Plueckthun, Christian, Prescher, Clemens, Preston, Thomas R, Röper, Michael, Schmidt, Andreas, Seidel, Wolfgang, Schwinkendorf, Jan Patrick, Schoelmerich, Markus O, Schramm, Ulrich, Schropp, Andreas, Strohm, Cornelius, Sukharnikov, Konstantin, Talkovski, Peter, Thorpe, Ian, Toncian, Monika, Toncian, Toma, Wollenweber, Lennart, Yamamoto, Shingo, and Tschentscher, Thomas

Abstract

The European XFEL delivers up to 27000 intense (>1012photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X-ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate of 4.5MHz. Its unique X-ray beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter at extreme conditions at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. The performance of the HED instrument during its first two years of operation, its scientific remit, as well as ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals of HED include the investigation of extreme states of matter created by intense laser pulses, diamond anvil cells, or pulsed magnets, and ultrafast X-ray methods that allow their diagnosis using self-amplified spontaneous emission between 5 and 25keV, coupled with X-ray monochromators and optional seeded beam operation. The HED instrument provides two target chambers, X-ray spectrometers for emission and scattering, X-ray detectors, and a timing tool to correct for residual timing jitter between laser and X-ray pulses.

Published
2021

29. X-ray Free Electron Laser-Induced Synthesis of ε-Iron Nitride at High Pressures

Author

Hwang, Huijeong, primary, Kim, Taehyun, additional, Cynn, Hyunchae, additional, Vogt, Thomas, additional, Husband, Rachel J., additional, Appel, Karen, additional, Baehtz, Carsten, additional, Ball, Orianna B., additional, Baron, Marzena A., additional, Briggs, Richard, additional, Bykov, Maxim, additional, Bykova, Elena, additional, Cerantola, Valerio, additional, Chantel, Julien, additional, Coleman, Amy L., additional, Dattlebaum, Dana, additional, Dresselhaus-Marais, Leora E., additional, Eggert, Jon H., additional, Ehm, Lars, additional, Evans, William J., additional, Fiquet, Guillaume, additional, Frost, Mungo, additional, Glazyrin, Konstantin, additional, Goncharov, Alexander F., additional, Jenei, Zsolt, additional, Kim, Jaeyong, additional, Konôpková, Zuzana, additional, Mainberger, Jona, additional, Makita, Mikako, additional, Marquardt, Hauke, additional, McBride, Emma E., additional, McHardy, James D., additional, Merkel, Sébastien, additional, Morard, Guillaume, additional, O’Bannon, Earl F., additional, Otzen, Christoph, additional, Pace, Edward J., additional, Pelka, Alexander, additional, Pépin, Charles M., additional, Pigott, Jeffrey S., additional, Prakapenka, Vitali B., additional, Prescher, Clemens, additional, Redmer, Ronald, additional, Speziale, Sergio, additional, Spiekermann, Georg, additional, Strohm, Cornelius, additional, Sturtevant, Blake T., additional, Velisavljevic, Nenad, additional, Wilke, Max, additional, Yoo, Choong-Shik, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, Liermann, Hanns-Peter, additional, McMahon, Malcolm I., additional, McWilliams, R. Stewart, additional, and Lee, Yongjae, additional

Published
2021
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32. Resonant small angle x-ray scattering probing ultrashort pulse high-intensity laser-solid interactions (Conference Presentation)

Author

Lennart, Gaus, primary, Rödel, Melanie, additional, Pelka, Alexander, additional, Garcia, Alejandro Laso, additional, Metzkes-Ng, Josefine, additional, Prencipe, Irene, additional, Gutt, Christian, additional, Nagler, Bob, additional, Galtier, Eric, additional, Lee, Hae Ja, additional, Cunningham, Eric, additional, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, additional, Makita, Mikako, additional, Gauthier, Maxence, additional, Curry, Chandra B., additional, McBride, Emma E., additional, Sakawa, Youichi, additional, Glenzer, Siegfried H., additional, Bussmann, Michael, additional, Zeil, Karl, additional, Hübner, Uwe, additional, Schramm, Ulrich, additional, Cowan, Thomas E., additional, Kluge, Thomas, additional, and Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter, additional

Published
2019
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33. Observation of Ultrafast Solid-Density Plasma Dynamics Using Femtosecond X-Ray Pulses from a Free-Electron Laser

Author

Kluge, Thomas, primary, Rödel, Melanie, additional, Metzkes-Ng, Josefine, additional, Pelka, Alexander, additional, Garcia, Alejandro Laso, additional, Prencipe, Irene, additional, Rehwald, Martin, additional, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, additional, McBride, Emma E., additional, Schönherr, Tommy, additional, Garten, Marco, additional, Hartley, Nicholas J., additional, Zacharias, Malte, additional, Grenzer, Jörg, additional, Erbe, Artur, additional, Georgiev, Yordan M., additional, Galtier, Eric, additional, Nam, Inhyuk, additional, Lee, Hae Ja, additional, Glenzer, Siegfried, additional, Bussmann, Michael, additional, Gutt, Christian, additional, Zeil, Karl, additional, Rödel, Christian, additional, Hübner, Uwe, additional, Schramm, Ulrich, additional, and Cowan, Thomas E., additional

Published
2018
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