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Este proyecto tiene por objetivo conocer a las últimas comunidades de cazadores recolectores del Mesolítico y las primeras sociedades agricultoras y pastoras del Neolítico que se asentaron en los Apeninos Septentrionales de la península italiana. Recientemente hemos iniciado los primeros trabajos de prospección y excavación en los yacimientos de Monte Frignone II y Le Coste.

This article presents a palynological study conducted on adhesive materials obtained from both experimental and archaeological wooden sickles. The archaeological sickles, dating back to the Early Neolithic period, were recovered from the waterlogged site of La Marmotta, located near Lake Bracciano in Rome, Italy. Experimental harvesting was carried out on cereal crops using sickles purposefully made with a modern resinous material that closely replicates the original composition. This approach allowed us to retrieve palynological information consistent with and comparable to that observed on ancient tools. The study's results highlighted the excellent adhesiveness of these materials, capable of trapping and preserving micro-remains collected during harvesting practices. The discovery of Hordeum-type and Avena-Triticum-type pollen grains confirmed the predominant use of these agricultural tools for cereal harvesting. Notably, one particular neolithic sickle, whose resin primarily retained Oenanthe-type pollen, stands out for its exclusive use in cutting herbaceous plants of potential medicinal interest. In parallel, the analysis of pollen content retained in modern cereal spikes confirmed their potential to provide information about the type of crop and, to some extent, the floristic component of the surrounding environment.

NeoNet Atlantic dataset complements the NeoNet Mediterranean dataset by providing new curated radiocarbon dates for the study of the pioneer farming front (i.e. Neolithisation, ca. 7500 to 3500 cal BC) in the Southern European Atlantic Coast river basin (Portugal, Western Spain, Southwestern France). The complete dataset is formed by the id00164_doc_elencoc14.tsv file, a data frame with tab-separated values, and a related dataframe: id00164_doc_thesaurus.tsv. The dataset contains 1,143 radiocarbon dates from 254 archaeological sites and 817 different archaeological contexts (stratigraphic units, structures, negative features, hearths, etc.) informed by 233 bibliographical references. As for the NeoNet Mediterranean dataset, particular attention has been paid to homogenisation of the laboratory code, the archaeological context, and the references, in order to facilitate further data extractions. Indeed, the dataset is linked to an open source R Shiny interactive web app (NeoNet app), a series of functions hosted on GitHub, and a getter function (R package c14bazAAr, R function get_c14data("neonetatl").

Navigation in the Mediterranean in the Neolithic is studied here through the boats that were used, the degree of technical specialisation in their construction and, above all, their chronology. After a brief explanation of the exceptional site of La Marmotta, the characteristics and chronology of the five canoes found at the settlement and one of the nautical objects linked to Canoe 1 are discussed. This will allow a reflection on the capability of Neolithic societies for navigation owing to their high technological level. This technology was an essential part in the success of their expansion, bearing in mind that in a few millennia they occupied the whole Mediterranean from Cyprus to the Atlantic seaboard of the Iberian Peninsula.

Navigation in the Mediterranean in the Neolithic is studied here through the boats that were used, the degree of technical specialisation in their construction and, above all, their chronology. After a brief explanation of the exceptional site of La Marmotta, the characteristics and chronology of the five canoes found at the settlement and one of the nautical objects linked to Canoe 1 are discussed. This will allow a reflection on the capability of Neolithic societies for navigation owing to their high technological level. This technology was an essential part in the success of their expansion, bearing in mind that in a few millennia they occupied the whole Mediterranean from Cyprus to the Atlantic seaboard of the Iberian Peninsula.

[EN] In the Mediterranean area, direct archeological evidence proving the existence of navigation during the Neolithic, is not frequent. The only site in the Mediterranean where this direct evidence exists is La Marmotta. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to approach the nautical technology of the first Neolithic communities through the study of artifacts related to five canoes found at the site. The present study has examined seven wooden artifacts linked to navigation. The archaeobotanical study of the artifacts consisted of their taxonomic and techno-morphometric analysis. This was able to determine the taxa used as raw material and the anatomic part utilized to manufacture the artifacts. The taxonomic analysis shows that the most frequently used wood was Alnus sp. and, to a lesser extent, deciduous Quercus sp. and Fraxinus sp. The study also established the operational sequences linked to the manufacturing process of the different artifacts. The technological, morphological and archaeobotanical study of La Marmotta artifacts connected with navigation is of great importance to understand the degree of specialization of the first Neolithic communities that spread in this area.

[EN] The lithic instruments from periods of recent prehistory, such as the Chalcolithic or the Bronze Age, have received scant attention from researchers. Only a few exceptional cases, such as large flakes or daggers found in funerary contexts, have been analyzed, mainly from a morphological perspective. In this study, we have compiled information from over a decade of analysis on instruments documented in burials and domestic structures in the northeastern region of the Iberian Peninsula. This study is significant as it enables us to evaluate the types of tools selected to be deposited in burials as grave goods and discern the differences compared to those utilized in daily activities. By delving into the use of these instruments, we have been able to construct interpretations not only regarding their function, but also shed light on the societies that employed them.

[EN] Archaeological investigation of Circum-Alpine lake, or pile, dwellings has afforded unprecedented insight into Neolithic and Bronze Age societies. The discovery in 1989 of a submerged settlement near Rome added an early (eighth millennium BP) geographical outlier to this distribution. Two decades of excavation at La Marmotta have identified more than a dozen dwellings and an enormous assemblage of organic remains. Here, the authors present an overview of the textiles, basketry and cordage recovered, and the tools used to manufacture them. The assemblage paints a more complete picture of the technological expertise of Neolithic societies and their ability to exploit and process plant materials to produce a wide range of crafts.

[EN] La Esparragosa is a Neolithic site located in the Bay of Cádiz. Its corresponds to a settlement with silos. It was excavated a few years ago by our team. We present an analysis of the lithic industry from this site of the IV th millennium B.C. We provide data on the documented siliceous raw materials, verifying the variety of flint and its possible origins. The technological study is carried out within the framework of the Analytical Logical System (SLA) and with Laplace’s classification. An important laminar registry is verified, with retouched tools of predominance of the abrupt mode. In the typologies, domestic tools and those linked to various productive activities are well represented. The functional analysis tests the link of artifacts associated with agricultural activities, but also with projectile functions and, above all, highlights the use of knives for the work and processing of fish., [ES] La Esparragosa es un yacimiento neolítico situado en la bahía de Cádiz. Corresponde a un poblado con campos de silos. Excavado hace unos años por nuestro equipo, presentamos un análisis de la industria lítica tallada del poblado del IV milenio a.C. Aportamos datos de las materias primas silíceas documentadas, comprobando la variedad de sílex y sus posibles procedencias. El estudio tecnológico se realiza con el Sistema Lógico Analítico (SLA) y con la clasificación de Laplace. Se comprueba un importante registro laminar, con utillajes retocados de predominio del modo abrupto. En tipología están bien representados los utillajes domésticos y los vinculados con diversas actividades productivas. El análisis funcional prueba la relación de artefactos asociados a actividades agrícolas, pero también con funciones de proyectiles y sobre todo destaca el uso de cuchillos para el trabajo y procesamiento del pescado.

[EN] The Big Exchange project investigates large-scale exchange systems in Eurasia and Africa (8000-1 BC). We concentrate on raw materials of known origin ('sourced finds'). Network analysis of tools and artificial intelligence methods are used to analyse the combined data sets. We invite broad collaboration on bimodal exchange networks.

Although new to our discipline, the archaeology of high mountain areas is steadily growing, generating empirical studies and procedures that often define it. Aside from the diversity of research teams and programs, certain aspects tend to recur. One is a certain interest in long-term sequences. Another is a wide spatial perspective, extending far beyond the limits of the settlement. This interest in the territory or landscape, which is sometimes the real object of study, results in changes in the methodological design of the research. In this paper we intend to bring together almost 20 years of experience of the High Mountain Archaeology Group (GAAM) of the UAB and CSIC to present a brief theoretical reflection on an area that we believe is central to our discipline. Archaeology as a social science deals with a collective human existence that occurs both in time and space. For various reasons, archaeology in high moun-tain areas has been especially open to incorporating methodological elements to deal with space as a social instance too. Perhaps the time has come to begin to evaluate the strengths of these proposals and to try to identify those issues that deserve more attention. In the final part of the article, we use an empirical example to briefly illustrate the relevance of the theoretical reflec-tion proposed., [ES] Aunque reciente en nuestra disciplina, la arqueología de las zonas de alta montaña poco a poco va consolidándose, generando corpus empíricos y procedimientos que en muchas ocasiones constituyen sus señas de identidad. Por encima de la diversidad de equipos y programas de investigación, algunos aspectos tienden a presentarse de forma recurrente. Uno es un cierto interés por las secuencias de larga duración. Otro lo constituye la mirada hacia un espacio amplio, que va mucho más allá del asentamiento. Este interés por el territorio o el paisaje, que en ocasiones se prefigura como un verdadero objeto de estudio, conlleva cambios en el diseño metodológico de la investigación. En este trabajo pretendemos recoger los ya casi 20 años de experiencia del Grupo de Arqueología de la Alta Montaña (GAAM) de la UAB y el CSIC para presentar una breve reflexión teórica sobre un aspecto que, a nuestro entender, es central en nuestra disciplina. La arqueología, en cuanto ciencia social, aborda una existencia humana colectiva que ocurre tanto en el tiempo como en el espacio. Por diversos motivos, la arqueolo-gía en áreas de alta montaña ha sido especialmente proclive a incorporar elementos metodológi-cos para tratar con el espacio también como instancia social. Quizás está llegando el momento para empezar a evaluar los puntos fuertes de estas propuestas y tratar de identificar aquellas cuestiones que merecen mayor atención. En la parte final del artículo ilustramos, con un caso empírico, la pertinencia de la reflexión teórica planteada.

[EN] This paper aims to shed light on the process of excavation and analysis of lithic materials from limestone contexts such as those in the southern Pyrenees. The knowledge acquired from excavation of Coro Trasito (Tella-Sin, Huesca) enables us to distinguish between clasts and natural fragments of the cave itself, a series of limestone flakes and fragments that show traces of having been used as working tools. This group represents 33.3% of the lithic remains recovered at the site, with a percentage similar to that of flint (33.1%). This count does not include the limestone cobbles that have been recorded at other Early Neolithic sites in the central Pyrenees. The absence of this record in other sites does not allow comparisons to be made regarding the technological development of the Neolithic groups that inhabited this territory., [ES] Con este trabajo queremos llamar la atención sobre el proceso de excavación y análisis de materiales líticos provenientes de contextos calizos, como son los correspondientes a la vertiente sur de los Pirineos. La experiencia adquirida durante la excavación de Coro Trasito (Tella-Sin, Huesca) nos ha permitido distinguir entre los clastos y los fragmentos naturales de la propia cueva, una serie de lascas y fragmentos de caliza que presentan rastros de haber sido utilizados como instrumentos de trabajo. Este conjunto supone el 33,3% de los restos líticos recuperados en el sitio, porcentaje similar al del sílex (un 33,1%). En este conteo no se contemplan los cantos en caliza, que sí se han registrado en otros sitios del Neolítico antiguo del Pirineo central. La ausencia de este registro en otros yacimientos no permite realizar comparaciones en cuanto al desarrollo tecnológico de los grupos neolíticos que habitaron ese territorio. [CAT] Amb aquest treball volem cridar l’atenció sobre el procés d’excavació i anàlisi de materials lítics provinents de contextos calcaris, com són els corresponents al vessant sud dels Pirineus. L’experiència adquirida durant l’excavació de Coro Trasito (Tella-Sin, Osca) ens ha permès distingir entre els clastos i els fragments naturals de la mateixa cova, una sèrie d’ascles i fragments de calcària que presenten rastres d’haver estat utilitzats com a instruments de treball. Aquest conjunt representa el 33,3% de les restes lítiques recuperades en el lloc, percentatge similar al del sílex (un 33,1%). En aquest comptatge no es consideren els còdols de calcària, que sí que s’han registrat en altres llocs del Neolític antic del Pirineu central. L’absència d’aquest registre en altres jaciments no permet fer comparacions quant al desenvolupament tecnològic dels grups neolítics que van habitar aquest territori.