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Supplemental material, Presentation S1, for Single-Stage Localization and Thoracoscopic Removal of Nonpalpable Pulmonary Nodules in a Hybrid Operating Room by Federico Mazza, Massimiliano Venturino, Enrico Peano, Alberto Balderi, Davide Turello, Alessandro Locatelli and Giulio Melloni in Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery

Additive manufacturing is gaining popularity at a rapid rate and has been a resourceful production process to reduce material usage, wastage (scrap) and manufacturing costs for various applications. The project conducted, emphasizes on Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE SE6300C-65A) material, which is a highly versatile compound, and has the ability to exhibit properties of both rubber (Elastomers) in terms of flexibility and plastic (Polymers) in terms of recyclability. Cost reduction without compromising quality is one of the important factors for industries. The project involves the use of TPE pellets to extrude filaments that could be used for 3D Printing. Filament extrusion involves process variables like Nozzle Temperature, De-humidification of pellets, Diameter of the nozzle, Distance of collection, Cooling and Angle of inclination of the extruder. These process variables are optimized to accomplish the desired quality of filament. The filament produced through extrusion is further used to make products using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). FDM also involves numerous process variables like Layer Thickness, Build Orientation, Print Infill, Print Speed etc. In this study, different test specimens, in terms of geometrical shapes are printed from the material, TPE SE6300C-65A and tested in order to understand how the surface features as well as the dimensional accuracy change with different process variables. It is observed that the surface topography produced throughout FDM process is majorly affected by the angle of orientation of the printed part. The main goal of this thesis is to give the reader a better understanding on which process variable, such as layer thickness, temperature and print speed affect the surface roughness of the models and also a comparison between these three variables, highlighting which is more or less affecting. It is also observed the dimensional accuracy of the real specimen deviate from the value input into the CAD software. The results obtained in this study clearly suggest that there is a lot of opportunities for future improvements especially regarding the dimensional accuracy, it is imperative to achieve the highest precision possible in order to have commercial values for the FDM 3D printing.

Background: Several medium- and long-term prospective and retrospective studies have reported high survival and success rates for fixed, full-arch rehabilitations with cantilever extensions supported by a combination of upright and tilted implants. Nevertheless, there is a relative lack of data about the incidence and management of technical complications.Aim: The aims of this retrospective single center study were to evaluate the incidence of prosthetic complications of immediately loaded full-arch fixed bridges anchored to a combination of tilted and axially-placed implants.Materials and Methods: Patients treated between November 2003 to January 2015 that received at least one full-arch fixed bridge following the All-on-4 treatment concept (NobelSpeedy Groovy or Bru00e5nemark MkIV implants, Nobel Biocare) were initially selected. Patients received a temporary acrylic prosthesis within 48 hours of surgery, and a definitive prosthesis, composed of a titanium bar, acrylic resin and composite teeth, after 3 or 6 months of loading for mandibular and maxillary rehabilitations, respectively. Only patients that attended follow-up visits at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, and yearly up to 13 years were included. Onset and frequency of every technical complication were recorded. Minor complications (MiC) were fracture or detachment of acrylic teeth (FDT), minor acrylic fractures (MAF) prosthetic screw loosening (PSL), prosthetic screw fractures (PSF), and wear of the abutment connection screw thread (WAST). Major complications (MaC) were titanium bar fractures (TBF) and implant fractures (IF).Results: Clinical records of 94 patients (55 women and 39 men; mean age 57.6u00b112.5 years) were included in the study. Among them, 50 patients were rehabilitated in the mandible, 26 in the maxilla and 18 in both arches, giving a total of 112 full-arch restorations. The overall follow-up range was 18 to 156 months (mean 92.6 months). The most common technical complications were the FDT that occurred in 40 restorations (35.7%) and MAF in 10 restorations (8.9%). Technical complications were higher in patients with implant-supported full-arch fixed restorations in both arches (p=0.006, Chi-squared test). PSL was recorded in 13 restorations (11.6%), PSF in 5 restorations (4.5%), and WAST in 4 restorations (3.6%). TBF occurred in one restoration while no IF were recorded. Forty-nine patients (52.1%) experienced no technical complications, 45 patients (47.9%) experienced MiCs and only one patient (1.1%) experienced both MiCs and MaCs.Conclusions and Clinical implications: The occurrence of prosthetic complications in full-arch rehabilitations supported by a combination of tilted and axial implants is lower in this study than previously reported, particularly given the long-term follow-up range. Moreover, the majority of complications were easily handled and solved. However, the amount of observed complications is not irrelevant and the clinician should be prepared to manage them. Further studies are needed to achieve a better understanding of risk factors.

Works for the construction of thermal pools at Poggetti Vecchi, near Grosseto (Tuscany, Italy) exposed an accumulation of fossil bones, largely belonging to the straight-tusked elephant Palaeoloxodon antiquus, mixed up with stone and wooden tools. The site is radiometrically dated to the late Middle Pleistocene, and the artefacts were thus created by early Neanderthals. Palaeobiological and taphonomic analyses of the fauna remains are part of a more general, multiproxy study of the site that provides new information on MIS 7-6 transition, as well as on human-animal interactions.