Search

Introduction: Recurrent subjective complaints may be a result or a cause of worse functioning at school. Interrelations of this type are rarely analysed from the perspective of simultaneously occurring chronic conditions. Method: 5225 students in three age groups (average age 13,59 ±1,66) from the 2017/2018 school year were qualified for the Polish HBSC sample (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children). The occurrence of chronic conditions (CC) and multiple recurrent symptoms (SCL) were analysed jointly. Following groups revealed: CC (-) & SCL (-): 51.5%; CC (-) & SCL (+): 33.5%; CC (+) & SCL (-): 7.1%; CC (+) & SCL (+): 7.9%. Eight aspects of functioning at school were analysed in three subject blocks: general adjustment, social support and bullying. Logistic regression adjusted by gender and grade was applied. Results: The percentage of students qualified to the most positive group CC (-) &SCL (-) is significantly higher among boys than girls and decreases significantly with age. Perception of the school environment becomes significantly worse in the group reporting multiple complaints, regardless of occurrence of chronic conditions. In the group without complaints students with chronic conditions are significantly more likely to experience a higher level of school stress than their healthy peers (p=0.006) and have a slightly worse perception of teacher support (p=0.067). In the multivariate analysis the greatest difference between the CC (-) & SCL (-) and CC (+) & SCL (+) group was determined for being a victim of bullying (OR=4.38) and school stress (OR=3.40). Suffering from a chronic condition clearly modifies the interrelation between perception of school and subjective complaints in the following areas: victimization, school stress and academic achievement. Conclusion: Functioning at school depends on the health of the students and declines in line with increasing health problems, especially in the context of school stress and peer violence. The obtained results ought to be taken into account in the work with the entire class as well as individual work with a student suffering from a chronic disease.

The article is predicated upon the allegation that there is a similarity between the scientific uncertainty linked to the hazard which human interventions pose to the natural environment and the hazard which the development of automated decision-making techniques poses to certain aspects of human lives in the digital environment. On the basis of this allegation, the analysis examines the similarities between the European environmental law, which is crucial for the natural environment, and the European data protection law, which is fundamental for the digital environment. As there are measures already adopted by the data protection law from the environmental law, such as impact assessments and the right to access information, the main hypothesis of this analysis is to consider whether there are further inspirations for the development of European data protection law which could be drawn from environmental law, regarding the scientific uncertainty which is common to these two areas of regulation. The article examines a legal measure, namely, the precautionary principle, as the conjectural response to the challenges linked to the development of the new technologies. The experiences collected in the area of environmental law concerning the precautionary principle are analysed as a source of lessons to be learned concerning the regulatory measures adopted in order to deal with scientific uncertainty, not only in the natural environment, but also in the digital one.

Background. This study examines the prevalence and underlying factors of loneliness among Polish adolescents in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives. The aim of this study is to assess the frequency of loneliness experienced by Polish students depending on the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on various aspects of life. Material and methods. Utilizing data from a representative sample of over 6,200 students aged 11 to 17, as part of the global Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey for the 2021/2022 school year, the study investigates how the pandemic has affected the lives of young people, particularly in fostering feelings of loneliness. Results. The findings indicate that almost one-third of Polish school students report feeling lonely “often” or “always”. Key factors contributing to this loneliness include gender, age, the level of support from family and peers, as well as the amount of time spent on social media. Notably, the study uncovers that girls are more likely to feel lonely – especially those in secondary school and living in larger cities. There is also a noticeable link between heavy social media usage and heightened loneliness. Conclusions. The pandemic’s toll on mental health, family dynamics, and academic life has emerged as a significant concern. This paper underscores the urgent need for dedicated programs and support mechanisms to counteract the adverse effects of the pandemic on the mental health and overall well-being of young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this Article is to take a broader perspective on the lessons which can be learned from the implementation of automated decision-making in the public sector--specifically in regard to how procedural rule of law mechanisms can make such projects trustworthy. The underlying idea behind this Article is to posit the debate about the ADM within the context of rule of law as a key notion in liberal democracies. At the same time, we rely on a law and political economy framework. We look through the lens of power relations and assess to what extent selected procedural solutions governing ADM systems in the public sector support democratization and equality. Our paper is case-specific but aims to offer broader lessons. It takes as a point of departure the Random Allocation of Cases System implemented in Poland and aims to show that the lessons learned from this case have more universal character. Indeed, the case from Poland is useful to demonstrate that specific safeguards and measures concerning transparency and accountability of ADM should not be perceived separately from the broader regulatory context. The text consists of five Parts. In Part II we briefly indicate the significance of procedural rule of law safeguards and their importance for trustworthiness of the state. In Part III we describe our case study, RACS, used in Poland for allocating cases to judges. In Part IV we provide an overview of lessons that can be learned from the implementation of RACS in regard to the significance of more general procedural rules which are crucial for ensuring trustworthy implementation of ADM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological studies, when the school is the unit of analysis, may help to design and evaluate school intervention programs. The paper discusses selected contextual determinants of bullying, using data collected in Poland in 2015 and aggregated to school level (4085 students; 70 junior high schools). The main hypothesis is related to the neighborhood social capital as protective factor and the type of community as a modifier. The main dependent variable was the combined index of bullying which included three perspectives (victim, perpetrator, bystander). Student delinquent behavior was taken into account as potential determinant, along with selected characteristics of the school and neighborhood. The analyses were adjusted for the percentage of the surveyed boys. The overall bullying index ranged, depending on the school, from 0.88 to 4.07 points (out of 12 possible); intraclass coefficient ICC = 2.8%. In the entire sample, the main predictors of bullying were student delinquent behaviors as a risk factor and the school social climate as a protective factor (R[superscript 2] = 56.3%). The stratification of schools due to their location influences the inference regarding those main determinants. The dominating influence of delinquent behavior is visible only in big cities where bullying index showed the highest dispersion. In smaller towns and rural areas, the neighborhood social capital becomes an important protective factor; highly correlated with the school climate. We can conclude that strong social bonds in the community are supportive for school climate and can reduce the level of bullying at schools.

In this article, we show how the European Union styles itself as the sole political actor able to effectively protect its citizens from the threats engendered by new technologies while balancing the relations between digital markets and the member states through ground-breaking regulations. To this end, we trace manifestations of this approach within the proposed Artificial Intelligence Act. We argue that the Act, while evoking the value of fundamental rights protection, does not support genuine emancipation of citizens in the digital world, as it hands over the issue of protection to expert bodies and institutions. The European Union's unique approach to regulation of the digital economy does not reflect the triple movement postulated in Nancy Fraser's critique of Karl Polanyi's double movement as it does not include solutions that would allow the societal actors to enforce their rights concerning artificial intelligence. Thus, the Act serves mostly as a tool to build the European Union's political position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Nowadays, technology and knowledge management are becoming key components in business management methods. The paper aims is to indicate different ways of approaching technology management, taking into account factors shaping the market and determining barriers to making long-term decisions but also the ongoing digital transformation. Methodology/Approach: The paper is a general review of technology management methods in enterprises and is based on the analysis of available domestic and foreign source literature, a synthesis of studies and reports of selected organizations dealing with the analyzed issues, as well as the authors’ previous theoretical research. Findings: The research results indicate an increase in the importance of knowledge and technology management, which result from the pace of technological change and the ongoing digital transformation in many areas that directly affect the functioning of an enterprise in the modern world. Practical implications: The paper indicates methods of knowledge and technology management based on the challenges of modern enterprises related to digital transformation and resulting from the turbulent changes in the market of new technologies. Based on the conducted experience, the authors diagnosed key factors and elements related to methods of acquiring technology to achieve competitive advantage and improve economic efficiency. Originality: The article expands knowledge about the impact of technology development on enterprise management methods, as well as points to current challenges arising from the issue of knowledge management, taking into account the need for selected enterprises to make long-term financial decisions. To illustrate the problem, the authors used the example of mergers and acquisitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in electricity generation prices represents a reason why water utility companies are looking for ways to reduce costs. One of the first ideas of users was to build photovoltaic installations. Water treatment plants or sewage treatment plants usually have large unused areas. They look different in facilities that consume a lot of energy but occupy little land, and include water intakes (wells) and water pumping stations. Facilities equipped with pumps are characterized by high electricity consumption. This article assesses the possibility of using PV installations at the water intake. An analysis of energy production from the 3.0 kW PV installation in Polanica-Zdrój was carried out, and then, simulations of the possibility of providing energy via installations with capacities of 3.0 kW, 4.2 kW, and 6.0 kW were performed. Analyses of energy production and demand, as well as analyses of water production based on annual, monthly, daily, and hourly data, were performed. An analysis of the hourly coverage of the WPS's demand for electricity was carried out with regard to the current production of energy from the PV installation, as was an analysis of the overproduction of energy from the PV installation regarding the energy demand of the WPS. The simulation results are presented for cloudy and sunny days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of studies on local resistance coefficients (ζ). The study used pipe aerators with filling made according to the Polish patent PL235924. The hydraulic investigations were performed in real working conditions of a water treatment plant in a testing rig built in the Scientific and Research Water Station of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW). The investigation encompassed two plastic pipe aerators of an internal diameter 101.6 and 147.6 mm with steel Białecki rings of 12 and 25 mm in diameter. Measurements of pressure difference (Δp) in the investigated aerators were performed at volumetric water flows (Q) selected from the range 2-20 m³·h-1 with the interval 2 m³·s-1. The values of ζ were determined according to the PN-EN 1267:2012 standard. The investigation showed that the ζ depends both on an internal diameter of the plastic pipe aerator and the diameter of Białecki steel rings. The values of ζ increase with a decrease of the internal diameter of the pipe aerator and a decrease of the ring diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]