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3. Diversification of Hemidactylus geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in coastal plains and islands of southwestern Arabia with descriptions and complete mitochondrial genomes of two endemic species to Saudi Arabia

Author

Šmíd, Jiří, Uvizl, Marek, Shobrak, Mohammed, Busais, Salem, Salim, Al Faqih Ali, AlGethami, Raed Hamoud M., AlGethami, Abdulaziz Raqi, Alanazi, Abdulkarim Saleh K., Alsubaie, Saad Dasman, Rovatsos, Michail, Nováková, Lucie, Mazuch, Tomáš, and Carranza, Salvador

Published
2023
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4. Evolutionary relationships in the African frog family Ptychadenidae, including the first molecular analysis, range extension, and distribution modelling of the monotypic genus Lanzarana.

Author

Nečas, Tadeáš, Mazuch, Tomáš, Czurda, Janis, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Rödel, Mark-Oliver, and Gvoždík, Václav

Subjects
*NUCLEAR DNA, *SPECIES distribution, *ECOLOGICAL niche, *ECOLOGICAL models, *PHYLOGENY
Abstract

The family Ptychadenidae contains three ecologically and morphologically distinct genera: the widespread, species-rich and above-ground dwelling Ptychadena, the less widespread and diverse, burrowing Hildebrandtia, and the little-known, burrowing, monotypic Lanzarana, endemic to Somalia. Previous morphological studies placed Lanzarana in a sister position to Hildebrandtia and these two genera as sister to Ptychadena. However, our analyses of mitochondrial and multilocus nuclear DNA data revealed Lanzarana as a sister lineage to Ptychadena (divergence ∼28 Mya), and Hildebrandtia sister to them (∼42 Mya). This suggests that the common ancestor of ptychadenids may have exhibited a burrowing lifestyle similar to Hildebrandtia and Lanzarana, rather than the more active, above-ground lifestyle of Ptychadena. In addition, based upon analysis of available mitochondrial DNA data, we have identified major clades within the genus Ptychadena and propose them as four species groups, with the P. mascareniensis group being the first diverging lineage (∼20 Mya). We also report four new localities of Lanzarana largeni from central Somaliland, south-western Puntland, southern Somalia and south-eastern Ethiopia, extending the presently known range of the species westward. This represents the first official record of L. largeni from Ethiopia. An ecological niche model of L. largeni for present climatic conditions identifies extensive climatically highly suitable areas in central Somalia and south-eastern Ethiopia. A model for future climatic conditions estimates a substantial extension of climatically suitable areas to northern Somalia and north-eastern Kenya, likely due to predicted more humid conditions accompanying the increase of temperatures in the western Indian Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Two new species of Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the coastal areas of northern Somaliland.

Author

Mazuch, Tomáš, Janák, Vojtěch, Velenská, Doubravka, Nistri, Annamaria, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, and Šmíd, Jiří

Subjects
*ENDEMIC species, *COASTAL plains, *GENETIC variation, *HEMIDACTYLUS, *SQUAMATA
Abstract

The taxonomy of many Hemidactylus geckos from the Horn of Africa has recently been evaluated. However, the lack of fresh material for some species and also regions has led to the misidentification of some taxa and an underestimation of the true diversity in others. In this study we analyse new material of Hemidactylus collected from poorly known coastal areas of northern Somaliland. Our results support the existence of two yet undescribed species within the arid clade. One of the new species is small-sized and closely related to H. afarensis from the Afar Triangle in Ethiopia, and together with two other species (H. foudaii, H. sinaitus) forms the monophyletic group for which we propose here the name sinaitus species group. The other new species is medium to large-sized, known from only one locality, and belongs to the macropholis species group, where it is a sister species of H. macropholis. Both new endemic species from the northern coastal hyper-arid plains highlight the role of northern Somaliland as an important biodiversity hotspot. Furthermore, our results show pronounced genetic diversity within H. macropholis, and imply possible existence of cryptic taxa within the species. Hemidactylus arnoldi and H. tropidolepis have, for the first time, been sequenced and placed in a phylogenetic context in this study. Our results confirm that H. tropidolepis is nested within the African radiation and is most closely related to H. funaiolii. Hemidactylus arnoldi clustered within the Arabian radiation of Hemidactylus and it was recovered as a sister lineage to all other species of the radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Phylogeny and biogeography of the African burrowing snake subfamily Aparallactinae (Squamata: Lamprophiidae)

Author

Portillo, Frank, Branch, William R., Conradie, Werner, Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Penner, Johannes, Barej, Michael F., Kusamba, Chifundera, Muninga, Wandege M., Aristote, Mwenebatu M., Bauer, Aaron M., Trape, Jean-François, Nagy, Zoltán T., Carlino, Piero, Pauwels, Olivier S.G., Menegon, Michele, Burger, Marius, Mazuch, Tomáš, Jackson, Kate, Hughes, Daniel F., Behangana, Mathias, Zassi-Boulou, Ange-Ghislain, and Greenbaum, Eli

Published
2018
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13. Diversification of Hemidactylus geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in coastal plains and islands of southwestern Arabia with descriptions and complete mitochondrial genomes of two endemic species to Saudi Arabia

Author

Charles University (Czech Republic), Government of Czech Republic, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Carranza, Salvador [0000-0002-5378-3008], Šmíd, Jiří, Uvizl, Marek, Shobrak, Mohammed, Busais, Salem, Salim, Al Faqih Ali, AlGethami, Raed Hamoud M., AlGethami, Abdulaziz Raqi, Alanazi, Abdulkarim Saleh K., Alsubaie, Saad Dasman, Rovatsos, Michail, Nováková, Lucie, Mazuch, Tomáš, Carranza, Salvador, Charles University (Czech Republic), Government of Czech Republic, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Carranza, Salvador [0000-0002-5378-3008], Šmíd, Jiří, Uvizl, Marek, Shobrak, Mohammed, Busais, Salem, Salim, Al Faqih Ali, AlGethami, Raed Hamoud M., AlGethami, Abdulaziz Raqi, Alanazi, Abdulkarim Saleh K., Alsubaie, Saad Dasman, Rovatsos, Michail, Nováková, Lucie, Mazuch, Tomáš, and Carranza, Salvador

Abstract

The systematic, phylogenetic, and biogeographic aspects of the rich squamate fauna of the Arabian Peninsula are becoming increasingly well understood. The Arabian members of the gecko genus Hemidactylus, the most diverse genus among Arabian squamates, have been the subject of several phylogenetic revisions in recent years. However, large parts of the peninsula lacked thorough sampling, for example, the coastal hyper-arid plains along the Red Sea and some offshore islands. In this study, we examine the genetic, morphological, and ecological diversification of a Hemidactylus clade that straddles the Red Sea and contains ten Arabian and three African species. We compiled a genetic dataset of seven markers (two mitochondrial and five nuclear) to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships and collected morphological data to assess the level of interspecific morphological disparification. Our results support the existence of four yet undescribed species within the clade – two from Arabia and two from Ethiopia. We provide taxonomic descriptions of the two new Arabian species, one from the western Asir Mountains foothills and one from the Farasan Islands. The new species from the Asir Mountains foothills highlights the role of the southern Arabian coastal desert as an important yet often overlooked local biodiversity hotspot. The new species from the Farasan Islands represents the second vertebrate species endemic to the archipelago. Together with the descriptions of the diagnostic features of both species, we provide complete annotated mitochondrial genomes of both holotypes and of holotypes of two other species from the clade to characterize their mitogenomic composition and architecture.

Published
2023

14. Pristurus guweirensis Haas, 1943 (Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae): the most abundant and widely distributed species of Pristurus previously referred to as Pristurus sp. 1

Author

Carranza, Salvador [0000-0002-5378-3008], Burriel-Carranza, Bernat, Mazuch, Tomáš, Estarellas, Maria, Talavera, Adrián, Riaño, Gabriel, Koppetsch, Thore, Tamar, Karin, Tejero-Cicuéndez, Héctor, Al Saadi, Saleh, Busais, Salem, Kratochvíl, Lukáš, Shobrak, Mohammed, Šmíd, Jiří, Carranza, Salvador, Carranza, Salvador [0000-0002-5378-3008], Burriel-Carranza, Bernat, Mazuch, Tomáš, Estarellas, Maria, Talavera, Adrián, Riaño, Gabriel, Koppetsch, Thore, Tamar, Karin, Tejero-Cicuéndez, Héctor, Al Saadi, Saleh, Busais, Salem, Kratochvíl, Lukáš, Shobrak, Mohammed, Šmíd, Jiří, and Carranza, Salvador

Published
2023

15. Pristurus guweirensis Haas, 1943 (Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae): the most abundant and widely distributed species of Pristurus previously referred to as Pristurus sp. 1

Author

Burriel-Carranza, Bernat, Mazuch, Tomáš, Estarellas, Maria, Talavera, Adrián, Riaño, Gabriel, Koppetsch, Thore, Tamar, Karin, Tejero-Cicuéndez, Héctor, Saadi, Saleh Al, Busais, Salem, Kratochvíl, Lukáš, Shobrak, Mohammed, Šmíd, Jiří, and Carranza, Salvador

Subjects
Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract

Burriel-Carranza, Bernat, Mazuch, Tomáš, Estarellas, Maria, Talavera, Adrián, Riaño, Gabriel, Koppetsch, Thore, Tamar, Karin, Tejero-Cicuéndez, Héctor, Saadi, Saleh Al, Busais, Salem, Kratochvíl, Lukáš, Shobrak, Mohammed, Šmíd, Jiří, Carranza, Salvador (2023): Pristurus guweirensis Haas, 1943 (Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae): the most abundant and widely distributed species of Pristurus previously referred to as Pristurus sp. 1. Zootaxa 5297 (4): 594-599, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.9

Published
2023

17. Diversification of Hemidactylus geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in coastal plains and islands of southwestern Arabia with descriptions and complete mitochondrial genomes of two endemic species to Saudi Arabia

Author

Šmíd, Jiří, primary, Uvizl, Marek, additional, Shobrak, Mohammed, additional, Busais, Salem, additional, Salim, Al Faqih Ali, additional, AlGethami, Raed Hamoud M., additional, AlGethami, Abdulaziz Raqi, additional, Alanazi, Abdulkarim Saleh K., additional, Alsubaie, Saad Dasman, additional, Rovatsos, Michail, additional, Nováková, Lucie, additional, Mazuch, Tomáš, additional, and Carranza, Salvador, additional

Published
2022
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21. Evolutionary history of burrowing asps (Lamprophiidae: Atractaspidinae) with emphasis on fang evolution and prey selection

Author

Portillo, Frank, primary, Stanley, Edward L., additional, Branch, William R., additional, Conradie, Werner, additional, Rödel, Mark-Oliver, additional, Penner, Johannes, additional, Barej, Michael F., additional, Kusamba, Chifundera, additional, Muninga, Wandege M., additional, Aristote, Mwenebatu M., additional, Bauer, Aaron M., additional, Trape, Jean-François, additional, Nagy, Zoltán T., additional, Carlino, Piero, additional, Pauwels, Olivier S. G., additional, Menegon, Michele, additional, Ineich, Ivan, additional, Burger, Marius, additional, Zassi-Boulou, Ange-Ghislain, additional, Mazuch, Tomáš, additional, Jackson, Kate, additional, Hughes, Daniel F., additional, Behangana, Mathias, additional, and Greenbaum, Eli, additional

Published
2019
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23. Pandinurus Fet 1997

Author

Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Mazuch, Tomáš, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, and Jana

Subjects
Arthropoda, Arachnida, Scorpiones, Animalia, Biodiversity, Scorpionidae, Taxonomy, Pandinurus
Abstract

Pandinurus Fet, 1997 (Figs. 1–35, 37, Table 1) Pandinus (Pandinurus) Vachon, 1974: 953 (nomen nudum, type species not designated); Fet, 1997: 248; Fet, 2000: 470–473 (in part) (complete reference list until 2000). Pandinurus: Kovařík et al., 2017: 42–100 (Figs. 5– 18, 144–167, 175–181, 183, 185, 187, 194–394, 396, Table 2) (historical and taxonomic comments, complete reference list), Kovařík et al., 2017: 1–14. TYPE SPECIES. Scorpio exitialis Pocock, 1888. DIAGNOSIS. Total length 70–135 mm. External trichobothria on patella number 16–21 (5–6 eb, 3–6 esb, 2 em, 3–4 est, 3 et); ventral trichobothria on patella number 29–59; accessory external trichobothrium ea on chela absent or present, internal trichobothria on chela number 1–4; ventral trichobothria on chela number 10– 19. Pedipalp chela manus lobiform. Dorsoexternal carina on pedipalp chela absent. Male has pronounced median lobe on movable finger of pedipalp and larger telson than female. Pectines with fulcra. Pectinal teeth number 12–22. Sternum subpentagonal, longer than wide. Carapace without distinct carinae. Dentate margins of movable and fixed fingers of pedipalp chela with distinct granules in two parallel rows present in distal half of fingers. Proximal half of fingers almost without granules in males and with distinct granules in a row in juveniles and females. These granules do not cover whole median lobe in males, but are usually represented by only several granules on top of lobe. Tergites I–VI of mesosoma bear one carina. Stridulation organ located on pedipalp coxae and first pair of legs, but can be reduced. Metasomal segments I–IV with paired, parallel ventral submedian carinae present. Telson without subaculear tubercle. Legs with one pedal spur, retrolateral spur absent.

Published
2017
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26. Diversity, distribution and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles of Oman (Sauropsida, Squamata)

Author

Carranza, Salvador, primary, Xipell, Meritxell, additional, Tarroso, Pedro, additional, Gardner, Andrew, additional, Arnold, Edwin Nicholas, additional, Robinson, Michael D., additional, Simó-Riudalbas, Marc, additional, Vasconcelos, Raquel, additional, de Pous, Philip, additional, Amat, Fèlix, additional, Šmíd, Jiří, additional, Sindaco, Roberto, additional, Metallinou, Margarita, additional, Els, Johannes, additional, Pleguezuelos, Juan Manuel, additional, Machado, Luis, additional, Donaire, David, additional, Martínez, Gabriel, additional, Garcia-Porta, Joan, additional, Mazuch, Tomáš, additional, Wilms, Thomas, additional, Gebhart, Jürgen, additional, Aznar, Javier, additional, Gallego, Javier, additional, Zwanzig, Bernd-Michael, additional, Fernández-Guiberteau, Daniel, additional, Papenfuss, Theodore, additional, Al Saadi, Saleh, additional, Alghafri, Ali, additional, Khalifa, Sultan, additional, Al Farqani, Hamed, additional, Bait Bilal, Salim, additional, Alazri, Iman Sulaiman, additional, Al Adhoobi, Aziza Saud, additional, Al Omairi, Zeyana Salim, additional, Al Shariani, Mohammed, additional, Al Kiyumi, Ali, additional, Al Sariri, Thuraya, additional, Al Shukaili, Ahmed Said, additional, and Al Akhzami, Suleiman Nasser, additional

Published
2018
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27. Terrestrial reproduction as an adaptation to steep terrain in African toads

Author

Swiss National Science Foundation, Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft, National Geographic Society, German Research Foundation, Percy Sladen Memorial Fund, Liedtke, H. Christoph, Müller, Hendrik, Hafner, Julian, Penner, Johannes, Gower, David J., Mazuch, Tomáš, Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Loader, Simon P., Swiss National Science Foundation, Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft, National Geographic Society, German Research Foundation, Percy Sladen Memorial Fund, Liedtke, H. Christoph, Müller, Hendrik, Hafner, Julian, Penner, Johannes, Gower, David J., Mazuch, Tomáš, Rödel, Mark-Oliver, and Loader, Simon P.

Abstract

How evolutionary novelties evolve is a major question in evolutionary biology. It is widely accepted that changes in environmental conditions shift the position of selective optima, and advancements in phylogenetic comparative approaches allow the rigorous testing of such correlated transitions. A longstanding question in vertebrate biology has been the evolution of terrestrial life histories in amphibians and here, by investigating African bufonids, we test whether terrestrial modes of reproduction have evolved as adaptations to particular abiotic habitat parameters. We reconstruct and date the most complete species-level molecular phylogeny and estimate ancestral states for reproductive modes. By correlating continuous habitat measurements from remote sensing data and locality records with life-history transitions, we discover that terrestrial modes of reproduction, including viviparity evolved multiple times in this group, most often directly from fully aquatic modes. Terrestrial modes of reproduction are strongly correlated with steep terrain and low availability of accumulated water sources. Evolutionary transitions to terrestrial modes of reproduction occurred synchronously with or after transitions in habitat, and we, therefore, interpret terrestrial breeding as an adaptation to these abiotic conditions, rather than an exaptation that facilitated the colonization of montane habitats.

Published
2017

28. Rediscovery and a new record of Hemidactylus laevis (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Somaliland, with notes on and resurrection of Hemidactylus fragilis

Author

Mazuch, Tomáš, Šmíd, Jiří, and Bauer, Aaron M.

Subjects
Reptilia, Squamata, Animalia, Biodiversity, Chordata, Gekkonidae, Taxonomy
Abstract

Mazuch, Tomáš, Šmíd, Jiří, Bauer, Aaron M. (2016): Rediscovery and a new record of Hemidactylus laevis (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Somaliland, with notes on and resurrection of Hemidactylus fragilis. Zootaxa 4117 (4): 529-542, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.5

Published
2016

29. Hemidactylus fragilis Calabresi 1915

Author

Mazuch, Tomáš, Šmíd, Jiří, and Bauer, Aaron M.

Subjects
Reptilia, Hemidactylus, Squamata, Animalia, Biodiversity, Chordata, Gekkonidae, Taxonomy, Hemidactylus fragilis
Abstract

Resurrection of Hemidactylus fragilis Calabresi, 1915 We examined all specimens previously identified as H. fragilis, which are: (1) the holotype (MZUF 707; adult male; Somalia, Bur Meldac [=Meel Daaq]); (2) MSNG 53212 (adult female; Ethiopia, Dolo); (3) MSNG 53213 (adult female; Somalia, Rahanuin). Their distribution is summarized in Fig. 1 B. Hemidactylus fragilis has the following combination of morphological characters: (1) small size with maximum recorded SVL 31.5 mm for the male and 37.2 mm for females (Fig. 5 B,C,D); (2) dorsum with subimbricate scales (Fig. 5 H) with a few enlarged, smooth, flat tubercles on flanks of posterior half of body, usually in one or two rows on each side; (3) no enlarged tubercles on postero-dorsal side of thighs; (4) subcaudals slightly enlarged only on first three whorls; (5) six enlarged tubercles on each whorl of the tail (Fig. 5 E); (6) tail conical without basal constriction (Fig. 5 D); (7) 26 preano-femoral pores in the male; (8) three lamellae under the 1 st, five under the 3 rd, seven under the 4 th toe; (9) 7–8 infralabials and 8–9 supralabials; (10) snout forming a convex line between eye and nostril in lateral view; (11) anterior postmentals in narrow median contact (Fig. 5 G); (12) anterior postmentals only in contact with first infralabials (Fig. 5 G); (13) length to width ratio of anterior postmentals 1.35–1.66; (14) 8–9 gulars in the first row behind postmentals (Fig. 5 G); (15) four dark transverse bands on dorsum between axilla and groin, one on neck and one on occiput; distinct dark line from nostrils through eyes and ear openings to shoulder region and continuing diffusely to inguinal region; three dark bands on dorsum of anterior half of the tail (Fig. 5 B,C,D,E). Hemidactylus fragilis can be distinguished from H. frenatus, with which it has been synonymized, by the following characters (condition in H. frenatus in parentheses): smaller size with max. SVL 37.2 mm (versus 50–60 mm); subimbricate dorsal scales (versus juxtaposed); few scattered enlarged tubercles on caudal part of flanks in one or two rows on each side (Fig. 5 C) (versus enlarged dorsal tubercles in irregular rows, usually well developed posteriorly); larger dorsal scales, 11–12 in eye diameter (versus smaller, 15–17 in eye diameter); less elongated anterior postmentals, length to width ratio 1.35–1.66 (versus 1.62–2.6; Fig. 5 F,G); 8–9 gular scales in the first row behind postmentals (versus 12–15; Fig. 5 F,G); color pattern composed of dark transverse bands on dorsum (versus pattern lacking transverse bands, usually longitudinally striped or patternless; Fig. 5 B,C,D,E). Morphological differences between the two species are summarized in Table 2. Based on this evidence we resurrect H. fragilis from the synonymy of H. frenatus. H. laevis (n= 2) H. laticaudatus H. fragilis (n= 3) H. frenatus (n= 12) (n= 22) Hemidactylus fragilis differs as follows from the species that can be found or are expected to occur in the Horn of Africa: Hemidactylus angulatus, H. arnoldi, H. awashensis, H. barbierii, H. barodanus, H. bavazzanoi, H. citernii, H. granchii, H. jubensis, H. laevis, H. laticaudatus, H. mabouia, H. macropholis, H. mercatorius, H. mrimaensis, H. platycephalus, H. puccionii, H. robustus, H. ruspolii, H. sinaitus, H. smithi, H. taylori, and H. yerburii pauciporosus have enlarged dorsal tubercles on the whole dorsum, nape and head. Hemidactylus somalicus does not have depressed body habitus, has very small proximal subdigital lamellae, scarcely larger than the granules on the sole, tail without enlarged tubercles, and first supralabial excluded from nostril. Hemidactylus albopunctatus, H. funaiolii, H. isolepis, H. klauberi, H. megalops, H. modestus, H. ophiolepis, and H. ophiolepoides have homogenous dorsal scales and weakly developed subdigital lamellae, head short and not depressed, and tail without enlarged tubercles. Hemidactylus barbouri, H. squamulatus, and H. tropidolepis have heterogeneous dorsal scales without tubercles, some or all scales are keeled, well developed enlarged tubercles on nape and occiput, and head and body not depressed. Hemidactylus flaviviridis is larger (maximum SVL about 95 mm), has swollen, carrot-shaped tail clearly constricted at its base, and dorsal scales small, granular and juxtaposed. Hemidactylus curlei has swollen, carrot-shaped tail clearly constricted at its base, scales on tail large, sub-imbricate and without enlarged tubercles, no enlarged tubercles in sacral region, and males with 4 precloacal pores.

Published
2016
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30. Systematics of the Saharo‐Arabian clade of the Palearctic naked‐toed geckos with the description of a new species of Tropiocolotes endemic to Oman.

Author

Machado, Luis, Šmíd, Jiří, Mazuch, Tomáš, Sindaco, Roberto, Al Shukaili, Ahmed Said, and Carranza, Salvador

Subjects
PHYLOGENY, GECKOS, PLANT species, GENOMES, GENE expression
Abstract

Geckos are one of the most species‐rich, abundant, and widely distributed of all Squamata lineages and present several characteristics that have made them favorite model organisms for biogeographical, ecological, physiological, and evolutionary studies. One of the key aspects of any comparative study is to have a robust, comprehensive phylogeny, and an updated taxonomy. Recently, the Infraorder Gekkota has been the subject of several phylogenetic analyses and taxonomic revisions at different levels. Despite all these phylogenetic and taxonomic advances, there are still some groups whose systematics and taxonomy remain highly problematic. Maybe one of the most poorly resolved groups in spite of decades of intensive research by many herpetologists are the so‐called Palearctic naked‐toed geckos of the family Gekkonidae. This group of nocturnal geckos distributed from Mauritania across North Africa, Arabia, southwestern and central Asia to northern India, western China and southern Mongolia is characterized by the synapomorphy of lack of adhesive subdigital pads. Within the Palearctic naked‐toed geckos, the Saharo‐Arabian clade comprised by the genera Pseudoceramodactylus, Stenodactylus, and Tropiocolotes is the clade with the largest distribution range. At the same time, it is one of the problematic groups, presenting poorly supported phylogenetic relationships, with the genus Tropiocolotes being recovered non‐monophyletic in all analyses despite its morphological uniformity. To reassess the phylogeny of the Palearctic naked‐toed geckos with a special interest in the systematics of Tropiocolotes, we assembled a dataset comprising 298 gecko specimens from 283 different species (including all Tropiocolotes species but one) belonging to 122 of a total of 124 described gecko genera. This dataset included the nuclear c‐mos,ACM4,RAG1,RAG2, and PDC and the mitochondrial ND2 gene. To further investigate the relationships within Tropiocolotes and to revise the systematics of the south Arabian endemic species Tropiocolotes scorteccii, we used an integrative approach including information from the nuclear MC1R and c‐mos, the mitochondrial 12S, 16S, cytb genes, and morphological data from nine of the 10 described Tropiocolotes species. The phylogenetic analyses of the Gekkota dataset recovered a similar topology for the Palearctic naked‐toed geckos to previous studies, but in this case, Tropiocolotes was recovered monophyletic in all analyses, with high support in two of them. The results of the analyses of three datasets specifically assembled to test the effect of both gene sampling and taxon sampling in the monophyly of Tropiocolotes, and the internal relationships of the Palearctic naked‐toed geckos clearly showed that both the number and kind of characters (nuclear or mitochondrial data) and the number of taxa played a fundamental role in recovering the correct phylogenetic relationships. The phylogenetic analyses within Tropiocolotes suggested the existence of high levels of undescribed diversity in the south Arabian T. scorteccii, including a new genetically and morphologically distinct species endemic to Oman (Tropiocolotes confusus sp. nov.). Our study using a large dataset, including several loci and a dense taxon sampling within Gekkota and especially within Tropiocolotes, has proved a valuable strategy to address the monophyly of Tropiocolotes and the relationships within the Saharo‐Arabian Palearctic naked‐toed geckos. The integrative systematic approach including several samples of south Arabian T. scorteccii based on many years of fieldwork has, once more, uncovered a new species endemic to this region. This highlights the importance of this area of Arabia as a reservoir of reptile endemicity and biodiversity, which is likely linked to the high degree of habitat heterogeneity and the effect of the monsoons. Obviously, based on this and previously published evidence, south Arabia represents an area with still high levels of undiscovered diversity. In this study, we use a comprehensive dataset of Gekkota to test the effect of gene and taxon sampling in recovering the monophyly of Tropiocolotes and the phylogenetic relationships between the four main groups of Palearctic naked‐toed geckos. The results show that Tropiocolotes is monophyletic and highlights the importance of including more taxa and more data to resolve contradictory evolutionary relationships. Moreover, an integrative analysis of Tropiocolotes scorteccii uncovered a new species endemic to southern Oman that is described herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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31. Tropiocolotes (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Oman: new insights from morphological and genetic data

Author

Machado, Luis, Mazuch, Tomáš, Šmíd, Jiří, Sindaco, Roberto, and Carranza, Salvador

Abstract

Trabajo presentado en las XV Jornades Herpetològiques Catalanes, celebradas en Sant Feliu de Codines del 10 al 12 de octubre de 2012., Oman constitutes an important hotspot for Arabic herpetofauna, with two principal centers of biodiversity and endemism: The Hajar and Dhofar Mountains. In this latter area, regarding Tropiocolotes (Squamata: Gekkonidae), morphological evidence suggested a split of Tropiocolotes scortecci, endemic to Oman and Yemen, into western and eastern Dhofar populations. In this study, we provide new insights based on recently sampled material from which we obtained mitochondrial (Cytb, 12S and 16s) and nuclear (Cmos and MC1R) genetic data. This data was complemented with morphological examination of museum specimens and genetic data from other Tropiocolotes species. Our results support the existence of two Tropiocolotes species in Oman, one of them endemic to West Dhofar. This new species is not related to T. scortecci and therefore it is not the result of the split of Tropiocolotes scortecci into western and eastern populations. However, our morphological analyses of museum specimens indicate that this species had been confused repeatedly with T. scortecci. Despite showing a high degree of intraspecific diversity both at the morphological and genetic levels, it seems that Tropiocolotes scortecci is still the same species across its distribution range including Yemen and Oman. The intraspecific diversity found within both South Arabian Tropiocolotes species encourages even more the effort to document the diversity present in Oman, and more generally in Southern.

Published
2014

33. Multilocus phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the Hemidactylus robustus species group (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) with descriptions of three new species from Yemen and Ethiopia

Author

Šmíd, Jiří, Moravec, Jiří, Kratochvíl, Lukáš, Nasher, Abdul Karim, Mazuch, Tomáš, Gvoždík, Václav, Carranza, Salvador, Šmíd, Jiří, Moravec, Jiří, Kratochvíl, Lukáš, Nasher, Abdul Karim, Mazuch, Tomáš, Gvoždík, Václav, and Carranza, Salvador

Abstract

The gecko genus Hemidactylus, with its 132 currently recognized species, ranks among the most species-rich reptile genera. Recent phylogenetic studies disclosed unexpectedly high genetic variability and complex biogeographic history within its arid clade distributed in the Mediterranean, Northeast Africa, Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. Particularly, the species from the Arabian Peninsula have been lately the subject of many taxonomic revisions that have resulted in the descriptions of 16 new taxa. Yet not all detected cryptic lineages have been treated taxonomically and thoroughly investigated morphologically. Based on phylogenetic analyses of two mtDNA (12S, cytb) and four nDNA (cmos, mc1r, rag1, rag2) gene fragments of a total length of 4015 bp in combination with analysis of morphological characters, we reinvestigate the systematics of the H. robustus species group consisting of the widespread H. robustus and three undescribed species, two of which occur in Southwest Yemen and one in central Ethiopia. By comparing two phylogenetic inference methods, concatenated gene trees and species-tree estimation, we reconstruct the phylogeny of the H. robustus species group. The coalescent-based species-tree estimation resulted in different tree topology than the concatenation approach, being probably a result of incomplete lineage sorting of ancestral polymorphism, suggesting that the H. robustus species group is in a stage of incipient speciation. The degree of differentiation of the characters examined within the H. robustus species group allowed us to provide a redescription of H. robustus and formally describe three new species of Hemidactylus – H. adensis sp. nov. and H. mandebensis sp. nov. from Yemen and H. awashensis sp. nov. from Ethiopia.

Published
2015

34. Phylogeny and Systematic Revision of the Gecko Genus Hemidactylusfrom the Horn of Africa (Squamata: Gekkonidae)

Author

Šmíd, Jií, Mazuch, Tomáš, Nováková, Lucie, Modrý, David, Malonza, Patrick K., Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Carranza, Salvador, and Moravec, Jií

Abstract

Abstract The Horn of Africa supports a unique and rich diversity of squamate reptiles. Among them, the gecko genus Hemidactylusstands out as the most species-rich genus of the region. In this study, we assembled a genetic and morphological data set of 22 Hemidactylusspecies that form a clade termed the African radiation, which is part of the arid clade of the genus. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships using both concatenation-based approaches and species tree inference. Hemidactylus laevis, H. ophiolepoides, and H. somalicushave been sequenced and placed in a phylogenetic context for the first time in this study. Our results confirm the phylogenetic placement of these species within the African radiation of the genus. Early diversification within the clade, however, remains obscure. According to the analysis of concatenated data, H. laevisis sister to the rest of the clade, whereas the species tree analyses inferred the African radiation to be formed by two subclades, northern and southern, and H. laevisbelonging to the former. We integrate evidence from multiple sources including genetic differentiation at both mitochondrial and nuclear levels, morphological disparification, and coalescent-based species delimitation to support the existence of two new species of Hemidactylus. We provide a formal description of these two new species, one from northern Ethiopia, Eritrea, and westernmost Somaliland, and one from southern Ethiopia, northern Kenya, and easternmost South Sudan. Furthermore, we found that of the morphological traits examined, the numbers of supralabials and infralabials bear phylogenetic signal and we were able to tentatively infer the phylogenetic placement of species for which genetic data are still missing.

Published
2019
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40. Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XII. Pandinurus hangarale sp. n. (Scorpionidae) from Somaliland and a review of type locality and true distribution of Pandinurus smithi (Pocock, 1897).

Author

Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Mazuch, Tomáš, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Štundlová, Jana, and Šťáhlavský, František

Subjects
PANDINUS, KARYOTYPES, DECAPODA, CLADISTIC analysis, PHYLOGENY
Abstract

Pandinurus hangarale sp. n. from Somaliland is described and fully complemented with color photos of live and preserved specimens, as well as its habitat. Hemispermatophore of P. hangarale sp. n. is illustrated and described. In addition to the analyses of external morphology and hemispermatophores, we also describe the karyotype of P. hangarale sp. n. (2n=120). Known localities of Pandinurus smithi (Pocock, 1897) are compiled; the type locality is not in Somaliland but in Ethiopia (Turfa) and in reality it is probably an endemic of Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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41. Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XI. Pandinurus kmoniceki sp. n. (Scorpionidae) from Somaliland.

Author

Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Mazuch, Tomáš, Plíškova, Jana, and Šťáhlavský, František

Subjects
ARTHROGASTRA, PANDINUS, SCORPIONS, COLOR photography
Abstract

Pandinurus kmoniceki sp. n. from Somaliland is described and fully complemented with color photos of live and preserved specimens, as well as its habitat. Hemispermatophore of P. kmoniceki sp. n. is illustrated and described. In addition to the analyses of external morphology and hemispermatophores, we also describe the karyotypes of P. kmoniceki sp. n. (2n=120). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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42. Phylogenetic relationships of Semaphore geckos (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae: Pristurus) with an assessment of the taxonomy of Pristurus rupestris

Author

BADIANE, ARNAUD, primary, GARCIA-PORTA, JOAN, additional, ČERVENKA, JAN, additional, KRATOCHVÍL, LUKÁŠ, additional, SINDACO, ROBERTO, additional, ROBINSON, MICHAEL D., additional, MORALES, HERNAN, additional, MAZUCH, TOMÁŠ, additional, PRICE, THOMAS, additional, AMAT, FÈLIX, additional, SHOBRAK, MOHAMMED Y., additional, WILMS, THOMAS, additional, SIMÓ-RIUDALBAS, MARC, additional, AHMADZADEH, FARAHAM, additional, PAPENFUSS, THEODORE J., additional, CLUCHIER, ALEXANDRE, additional, VIGLIONE, JULIEN, additional, and CARRANZA, SALVADOR, additional

Published
2014
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44. Taxonomy and biogeography of Bunopus spatalurus (Reptilia; Gekkonidae) from the Arabian Peninsula.

Author

Pous, Philip, Machado, Luis, Metallinou, Margarita, Červenka, Jan, Kratochvíl, Lukáš, Paschou, Nefeli, Mazuch, Tomáš, Šmíd, Jiří, Simó‐Riudalbas, Marc, Sanuy, Delfi, and Carranza, Salvador

Subjects
REPTILES, BIOGEOGRAPHY, PHYLOGENY, ANIMAL morphology
Abstract

In the last decade, taxonomic studies have drastically increased the number of species known to inhabit the Arabian deserts. While ongoing phylogenetic studies continue to identify new species and high levels of intraspecific genetic diversity, few studies have yet explored the biogeographic patterns in this arid region using an integrative approach. In the present work, we apply different phylogenetic methods to infer relationships within the Palearctic naked-toed geckos. We specifically address for the first time the taxonomy and biogeography of Bunopus spatalurus Anderson, 1901, from Arabia using multilocus concatenated and species tree phylogenies, haplotype networks and morphology. We also use species distribution modelling and phylogeographic interpolation to explore the phylogeographic structure of Bunopus spatalurus hajarensis in the Hajar Mountains and the roles of climatic stability and possible biogeographic barriers on lineage occurrence and contact zones in this arid mountain endemism hot spot. According to the inferred topology recovered using concatenated and species tree methods, the genus ' Bunopus' is polyphyletic. Bunopus tuberculatus and B. blanfordii form a highly supported clade closely related to Crossobamon orientalis, while the two subspecies of ' Bunopus' spatalurus branch together as an independent highly supported clade that diverged during the Miocene according to our estimations. Within B. s. hajarensis, three geographically structured clades can be recognized that according to our estimations diverged during the Late Miocene to Pliocene. The paleodistribution models indicate climatic stability during the Late Pleistocene and the lineage occurrence, and predicted contact zones obtained from phylogeographic interpolation therefore probably result from the older splits of the groups when these lineages originated in allopatry. As demonstrated by the results of the multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses and the topological test carried out in this study, the genus ' Bunopus' is not monophyletic. To resolve this, we resurrect the genus Trachydactylus Haas and Battersby, 1959; for the species formerly referred to as Bunopus spatalurus. Considering the morphological differences, the high level of genetic differentiation in the 12S mitochondrial gene and the results of the phylogenetic and the cmos haplotype network analysis, we elevate Trachydactylus spatalurus hajarensis to the species level Trachydactylus hajarensis (Arnold, 1980). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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46. Coloration and pattern of hatchlings of six Pelomedusa species.

Author

FRITZ, UWE, MAZUCH, TOMÁŠ, PETZOLD, ALICE, and PROKOP, HYNEK

Subjects
*TURTLES, *ANIMAL species, *ANIMAL morphology, *INTRODUCED amphibians, *AMPHIBIAN populations
Abstract

The article compares coloration and pattern of hatchlings of 6 species of helmeted terrapins which have a wide sub-Saharan distribution in Africa and the southwestern Arabian Peninsula. The descriptions are based only on terrapins that may be assigned with certainty to a particular species and which are sufficiently preserved for morphological description. The 6 species include the Pelomedusa galeata, the Pelomedusa kobe and the Pelomedusa neumanni.

Published
2015

47. Eimeria atheridisn. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a new coccidium from the western bush viper Atheris chlorechis(Pel, 1851) from tropical Africa

Author

Modrý, David, Nečas, Petr, Mazuch, Tomáš, and Kamler, Martin

Abstract

Coprological examination of nine bush vipers Atheris chlorechisimported from Ghana revealed the presence of a new coccidian species belonging to EimeriaSchneider, 1875. Thin walled oöcysts of Eimeria atheridisn. sp. are spherical to slightly subspherical, 22.8 (19–26) × 22.5 (19–25) μm, without micropyle, polar granule and oöcyst residuum. Sporocysts are elongately ellipsoidal, 17.1 (15–19) × 7.5 (6–8) μm, with a dome like, relatively flat Stieda body. Sporozoites possess two refractile bodies and distinct transversal striation. Based on the presence of a Stieda body the species described herein clearly belongs to the Eimeria(sensu stricto).

Published
2004
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48. Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

Author

Fenton P.D. Cotterill, Fernanda P. Werneck, Stephen W. Chordas, Enrique González-Soriano, Pierangelo Luporini, Santiago Claramunt, Santosh Kumar, Adriano B. Kury, Marcelo José Sturaro, Atsushi Tominaga, Marcos Gonçalves Lhano, Giulio Cuccodoro, Bernardo F. Santos, Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa, Klaus Henle, Giovanni B. Delmastro, Thibaut Delsinne, Jeremy A. Miller, Thomas Ziegler, Ishan Agarwal, Rodrigo M. Feitosa, Robert C. Glotzhober, Giuliano Doria, Adeline Soulier-Perkins, Diego Baldo, Valéria da Cunha Tavares, Danilo Pacheco Cordeiro, Eli Greenbaum, Carlos Alberto Santos de Lucena, Stuart V. Nielsen, Jörn Köhler, Fernando Pacheco Rodrigues, Justin C. Bagley, Shun Ichiro Naomi, Gustavo Hormiga, Geoffrey Odhiambo Ong'ondo, Aurélien Miralles, Alexandre Uarth Christoff, Florian M. Steiner, Matthias Glaubrecht, Victor Van Cakenberghe, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Jack W. Sites, Norma J. Salcedo, Mario Alberto Cozzuol, Ward C. Wheeler, Krister T. Smith, Brian Tilston Smith, Ignacio Jose De La Riva De La Viña, Leo J. Borkin, Ângelo Parise Pinto, Marivene R. Manuel-Santos, Ana Carolina Pavan, M. J. Alves, Dan Cogălniceanu, Luciana F. Santoferrara, James M. Carpenter, Thierry Deuve De Resbecq, Beat Schätti, Jean Pierre Vacher, John G. Day, Ray C. Schmidt, Otto M. P. Oliveira, Lázaro Guevara, Jean-Lou Justine, Karthikeyan Vasudevan, Donat Agosti, Cécile Mourer-Chauviré, Brett C. Ratcliffe, Birgit C. Schlick-Steiner, Sebastian Kvist, Nathan K. Lujan, Robert Alexander Pyron, Rosana M. Rocha, Roberto Poggi, José A. Langone, Larry Lee Grismer, Václav Gvoždík, Natsuhiko Yoshikawa, Thaís P. Miranda, Elizabeth Prendini, Abel Pérez-González, Katharina C. Wollenberg Valero, Jean-Yves Rasplus, Cristiano R. Moreira, Antonietta La Terza, Fabio Siqueira Pitaluga de Godoi, Michael W. Holmes, Thomas E. Lacher, Ronald H. Pine, Matthew P. Heinicke, Steven M. Goodman, John D. Lynch, Elöd Kondorosy, Anderson Feijó, Orfeo Picariello, Wolfgang Denzer, Stefano Valdesalici, Aléssio Datovo, Jean Pierre Hugot, Yuri L. R. Leite, Heinz Grillitsch, Hernán Ortega, Dimitri Forero, Jean Carlos Santos, Marie Claude Durette-Desset, Victor H. Gonzalez, Mrugank Prabhu, Walter E. Schargel, Beate Röll, Caleb D. McMahan, Mitsuru Kuramoto, Edson A. Adriano, Jérôme Constant, Richard Laval, María A. Mendoza-Becerril, Cédric d'Udekem d'Acoz, Alain Didier Missoup, Frank Tillack, Janet K. Braun, Lindsey Swierk, André L. Netto-Ferreira, Xiaofeng Lin, Karl Heinz Jungfer, Fabio Di Dario, Vanessa Kruth Verdade, Pavel Štys, Franco Andreone, Andrés A. Ojanguren-Affilastro, Manuel Ruedi, Didier Van den Spiegel, Rahul Khot, Lars Krogmann, Lance Grande, Robert C. Drewes, Luis M. P. Ceríaco, Jeffrey W. Streicher, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Josiah H. Townsend, Wolfgang Arthofer, Wiesław Bogdanowicz, Marcos A. Raposo, Omar Torres-Carvajal, Dirk Ahrens, Theo Blick, Carlos DoNascimiento, Eric Drouet, Claudia Patricia Ornelas-García, Gervásio Silva Carvalho, Zachary H. Falin, Gaetano Odierna, Michael Maia Mincarone, Sabine Agatha, Christian De Muizon, Célio F. B. Haddad, Pablo Rodrigues Gonçalves, Maarten P.M. Vanhove, Ronald Janssen, Ulrich Burkhardt, Bernard Landry, Paúl M. Velazco, Melanie L. J. Stiassny, Erna Aescht, Sarah Siqueira Oliveira, Koshiro Eto, Thomas van de Kamp, Fabio Cianferoni, Leonardo Ferreira Machado, Luiz Carlos Pinho, Dennis Rödder, Fábio Raposo do Amaral, Shan Gao, Paulo Passos, Nikolai L. Orlov, Emanuel Tschopp, Bert Van Bocxlaer, Roman Hołyński, Isabella Van De Velde, Indraneil Das, Luciano Damián Patitucci, Daniel J. Bennett, Annemarie Ohler, Rachunliu G. Kamei, Patrick Grootaert, Tony Robillard, Jun Gong, Massimo Delfino, Antonio C. Marques, Daizy Bharti, Ira Richling, José L. O. Birindelli, Thiago Borges Fernandes Semedo, Philippe Grandcolas, Eric J. Sargis, Andreas Taeger, Jesús Molinari, Link E. Olson, Christoph Kucharzewski, Luc Janssens de Bisthoven, José P. Pombal, Ryan C. McKellar, Serge Gofas, Mário C. C. de Pinna, Kristofer M. Helgen, Pablo Quintela-Alonso, Marcos Tavares, Wolfgang A. Nässig, Jodi J. L. Rowley, Jairo Arroyave, Fabio Maria Guarino, Djoko T. Iskandar, Martin Fikáček, Joel Cracraft, Robert M. Timm, Lassad Neifar, Marcelo C. Andrade, Moisés Escalona, Max Kieckbusch, George R. Zug, J. V. Remsen, Weibo Song, Paula Beatriz Araujo, Marco Brandalise de Andrade, Luiz Alexandre Campos, Eva V. Bärmann, Thomas Lehmann, Thorsten Stoeck, Jorge Salazar-Bravo, Charles Morphy D. Santos, Joël Minet, Mann Kyoon Shin, Gustavo A. Bravo, Felipe Franco Curcio, Antoine Pariselle, Hidetoshi Ota, David R. Luz, Abdulaziz S. Alqarni, Joseph A. Cook, Cameron D. Siler, Zilda Margarete Seixas de Lucena, Guarino R. Colli, Máriom A. Carvajal, Franziska Bauer, Yves Samyn, Luke Tornabene, Stefan Merker, Favízia Freitas de Oliveira, Murilo N. L. Pastana, Luís Fábio Silveira, Moira Jane FitzPatrick, Stephen D. Busack, Max R. Lambert, Julián Faivovich, Masafumi Matsui, Bernhard A. Huber, Alexandre Aleixo, Mariana P. Marques, Jean-François Trape, Marcello Guimarães Simões, Brian L. Fisher, Brandi S. Coyner, Michael F. Bates, Marcelo Salles Rocha, Silke Schweiger, Jean Raffaëlli, Vladimir Dinets, Paulo C. A. Garcia, Devanshu Gupta, Juan M. Guayasamin, W. Brian Simison, Rudy Jocqué, Aniruddha Datta-Roy, Marcelo R. Britto, Cristiane Bastos-Silveira, Celso O. Azevedo, Roger Bour, Aidin Niamir, Leandro M. Vieira, Mark Epstein, Neal Woodman, Marcelo R. de Carvalho, José Antonio González-Orej, Martin Kruger, Ulisses Caramaschi, Marcus Guidoti, Cibele Biondo, Scott Lyell Gardner, François Dusoulier, Francisco Langeani, John E. Lattke, Helen M. Barber-James, Jan Zima, Guilherme R. R. Brito, Ricardo Moratelli, Stylianos Chatzimanolis, Carlos José Einicker Lamas, John B. Iverson, Maria Hołyńska, Aaron M. Bauer, Luc Brendonck, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Angelica Crottini, Cristian Hernan Fulvio Perez, Tiago Georg Pikart, Eliécer E. Gutiérrez, Luis García-Prieto, Lawrence R. Heaney, Thomas A. Munroe, Thomas C. Giarla, Laurie J. Vitt, Enrico Borgo, Antonio J. C. Aguiar, Sven O. Kullander, Jean Sébastien Steyer, Marcial Quiroga-Carmona, Matthew J. Miller, Kraig Adler, Werner Conradie, Enrique La Marca, Thomas Schmitt, Dieter Uhl, Mario de Vivo, Rainer Hutterer, Silvio Shigueo Nihei, Perry L. Wood, Amira Chaabane, Tim Tokaryk, Octávio Mateus, Andrés Sebastián Quinteros, Daniel S. Fernandes, Alexandra Cartaxana, Pedro F. Victoriano, Ernest C.J. Seamark, William R. Branch, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Diego Astúa, Marcio R. Pie, Julien Pétillon, Henrard Arnaud, Hossein Rajaei, Sushil K. Dutta, Hussam Zaher, Hernández Díaz Yoalli Quetzalli, Martin Carr, Renan Carrenho, Estefanía Rodríguez, Robert Trusch, Patrick David, Rafaela Lopes Falaschi, Rafael O. de Sá, Miguel Ângelo Marini, Varad B. Giri, Jean-Claude Rage, Guilherme S. T. Garbino, Björn Berning, Thierry Frétey, Vítor de Q. Piacentini, Paulo A. Buckup, David C. Lees, Alfred L. Gardner, Marco Pavia, Pablo Ricardo Mulieri, Lorenzo Prendini, Eliana M. Cancello, Cinthia Chagas, Bruce B. Collette, Leigh R. Richards, Eduardo I. Faúndez, Timothy J. Colston, Thomas Keith Philips, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues, Renato Gregorin, Karin Meißner, Nathan S. Upham, A. Townsend Peterson, Tiago Kütter Krolow, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira, Olivier Montreuil, Leandro M. Sousa, Thomas Weisse, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Donald C. Taphorn, Renata Stopiglia, Marcelo Duarte, Benoit Guénard, Cyril Gallut, Giovanni Boano, David Modrý, Erik Verheyen, Jonas José Mendes Aguiar, Sven Mecke, Alexandre Hassanin, Robert M. Zink, Marcello Mezzasalma, André Silva Roza, Reginaldo Constantino, Alice Hirschmann, Ulisses Pinheiro, Edmundo González-Santillán, Carlos A. Mendoza-Palmero, Tom Artois, Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, Kailas Chandra, Pablo Teta, Michael Karner, Esteban O. Lavilla, Mauricio Ortega-Andrade, Alexandra Marçal Correia, Deepak Veerappan, Daniela M. Takiya, Bolívar R. Garcete-Barrett, Alexander Kupfer, Sérgio N. Stampar, Daniel Burckhardt, Michael S. Engel, Teresa Kearney, Silvia E. Pavan, Luiz Roberto Malabarba, Mark D. Scherz, Pedro L. V. Peloso, Christiane Denys, Matthias F. Geiger, Alexander Pelzer, Jose G. Tello, Fabio S. Nascimento, Juan D. Daza, Franger J. García, Cinthia A. Brasileiro, Martín J. Ramírez, Marcos Pérsio Dantas Santos, Twan A. A. M. Leenders, Alain Canard, Tomáš Mazuch, Axel Hausmann, Flávio Alicino Bockmann, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Jasmine Purushothaman, Ara Monadjem, David A. Donoso, Kaushik Deuti, Stephen Mahony, Duke S. Rogers, Don E. Wilson, Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans, Jader Marinho-Filho, Alain Dubois, Marcio Luiz de Oliveira, Jan Decher, John M. Midgley, Fernando C. Jerep, Bastian Bentlage, Ivan Löbl, Gregory J. Watkins-Colwell, Uwe Fritz, Annamaria Nistri, Lúcia H. Rapp Py-Daniel, Bruce D. Patterson, Peter J. Taylor, Burton K. Lim, James L. Patton, Colin S. Schoeman, Stéphane Grosjean, Ismael Franz, Cristian Simón Abdala, John S. Sparks, Marcos R. Bornschein, Leonora Pires Costa, Martín O. Pereyra, João Filipe Riva Tonini, Richard Schodde, Blanca Pérez-Luz, Cristiano Feldens Schwertner, Peter Jäger, Marcin Jan Kamiński, Philipp Wagner, Jakob Hallermann, Hendrik Freitag, Olavi Kurina, Laure Desutter-Grandcolas, Romain Garrouste, Pedro De Podestà Uchôa de Aquino, Guillermo D’Elía, Sharlene E. Santana, Roberto E. Reis, Wouter Dekoninck, Sushma Reddy, Alfred L. Rosenberger, James R. McCranie, Wolfgang Böhme, Ricardo C. Benine, Cyrille D'Haese, Paulo H. F. Lucinda, Jacques H. C. Delabie, Carr, Martin, Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Museu Nacional de Historia Natural e da Ciencia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), National Museum of Natural History, National Museum of Natural History - Leiden, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), King Saud University, Cornell University, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Austrian Museum, Villanova University, Universität Salzburg, Plazi, University of São Paulo, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin (TUB), Hasselt University, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Albany Museum, National Museum, Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho [São José do Rio Preto] (UNESP), Stephen F. Austin State University, Smithsonian Institution, Tyrolean State Museum, Università di Camerino, Universidade Federal do ABC, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Senckenberg Research Institute, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Port Elizabeth Museum, Sam Noble Museum, Harvard University [Cambridge], North West University, Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Bâle, Senckenberg Museum [Frankfurt], North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Museu de Zoologia (MZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), American Museum of Natural History, University of Huddersfield, North Dakota State University (NDSU), Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Departamento de Polícia Técnico Científica (DPTC), Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University (LSU), Zoological Survey of India, University of Tennessee System, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Museu de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Museo di Storia Naturale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Ovidius University of Constanta, The University of Mississippi [Oxford], Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), University of Stellenbosh, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Centro de Investigaçao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU), King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), Cornell University [New York], Villanova University [USA], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), the Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow, Russia] (RAS), Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Hasselt University (UHasselt), Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), Harvard University, North-West University [Potchefstroom] (NWU), Université de Rennes (UR), American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Stellenbosch University, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle [Genève] (MHN), Ceríaco, Luis M. P., Gutiérrez, Eliécer E., Dubois, Alain, Abdala, Cristian Simón, Alqarni, Abdulaziz S., Adler, Kraig, Adriano, Edson A., Aescht, Erna, Agarwal, Ishan, Agatha, Sabine, Agosti, Donat, Aguiar, Antonio J. C., Aguiar, Jonas José Mende, Ahrens, Dirk, Aleixo, Alexandre, Alves, Maria Judite, Do Amaral, Fabio Raposo, Ananjeva, Natalia, Andrade, Marcelo C., De Andrade, Marco Brandalise, Andreone, Franco, Aquino, Pedro P. U., Araujo, Paula Beatriz, Arnaud, Henrard, Arroyave, Jairo, Arthofer, Wolfgang, Artois, Tom J., Astúa, Diego, Azevedo, Celso, Bagley, Justin C., Baldo, Diego, Barber James, Helen Margaret, Bärmann, Eva V., Bastos Silveira, Cristiane, Bates, Michael F., Bauer, Aaron M., Bauer, Franziska, Benine, Ricardo C., Bennett, Daniel J., Bentlage, Bastian, Berning, Björn, Bharti, Daizy, Biondo, Cibele, Birindelli, José, Blick, Theo, Boano, Giovanni, Bockmann, Flávio A., Bogdanowicz, Wieslaw, Böhme, Wolfgang, Borgo, Enrico, Borkin, Leo, Bornschein, Marcos Ricardo, Bour, Roger, Branch, William R., Brasileiro, Cinthia A., Braun, Janet K., Bravo, Gustavo A., Brendonck, Luc, Brito, Guilherme R. R., Britto, Marcelo R., Buckup, Paulo A., Burckhardt, Daniel, Burkhardt, Ulrich, Busack, Stephen D., Campos, Luiz A., Canard, Alain, Cancello, Eliana M., Caramaschi, Ulisse, Carpenter, James M., Carrenho, Renan, Cartaxana, Alexandra, Carvajal, Mariom A., Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, De Carvalho, Marcelo Rodrigue, Chaabane, Amira, Chagas, Cinthia, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Chandra, Kaila, Chatzimanolis, Styliano, Chordas, Stephen W., Christoff, Alexandre U., Cianferoni, Fabio, Claramunt, Santiago, Cogãlniceanu, Dan, Collette, Bruce B., Colli, Guarino R., Colston, Timothy J., Conradie, Werner, Constant, Jérôme, Constantino, Reginaldo, Cook, Joseph A., Cordeiro, Danilo, Correia, Alexandra Marçal, Cotterill, Fenton P. D., Coyner, Brandi, Cozzuol, Mario A., Cracraft, Joel, Crottini, Angelica, Cuccodoro, Giulio, Curcio, Felipe Franco, D'Udekem D'Acoz, Cédric, D'Elía, Guillermo, D'Haese, Cyrille, Das, Indraneil, Datovo, Aléssio, Datta Roy, Aniruddha, David, Patrick, Day, John G., Daza, Juan D., De Bisthoven, Luc Janssen, De La Riva De La Viña, Ignacio Jose, De Muizon, Christian, De Pinna, Mario, Piacentini, Vítor De Q., De Sá, Rafael O., De Vivo, Mario, Decher, Jan, Dekoninck, Wouter, Delabie, Jacques H. C., Delfino, Massimo, Delmastro, Giovanni B., Delsinne, Thibaut, Denys, Christiane, Denzer, Wolfgang, Desutter Grandcolas, Laure, Deuti, Kaushik, De Resbecq, Thierry Deuve, Di Dario, Fabio, Dinets, Vladimir, Donascimiento, Carlo, Donoso, David A., Doria, Giuliano, Drewes, Robert C., Drouet, Eric, Duarte, Marcelo, Durette Desset, Marie Claude, Dusoulier, Françoi, Dutta, Sushil Kumar, Engel, Michael S., Epstein, Mark, Escalona, Moisé, Esselstyn, Jacob A., Eto, Koshiro, Faivovich, Julián, Falaschi, Rafaela Lope, Falin, Zachary H., Faundez, Eduardo I., Feijó, Anderson, Feitosa, Rodrigo M., Fernandes, Daniel Silva, Fikáček, Martin, Fisher, Brian L., Fitzpatrick, Moira J., Forero, Dimitri, Franz, Ismael, Freitag, Hendrik, Frétey, Thierry, Fritz, Uwe, Gallut, Cyril, Gao, Shan, Garbino, Guilherme S. T., Garcete Barrett, Bolívar R., García Prieto, Lui, García, Franger J., Garcia, Paulo C. A., Gardner, Alfred L., Gardner, Scott Lyell, Garrouste, Romain, Geiger, Matthias F., Giarla, Thomas C., Giri, Varad, Glaubrecht, Matthia, Glotzhober, Robert C., Godoi, Fabio S. P., Gofas, Serge, Gonçalves, Pablo R., Gong, Jun, Gonzalez, Victor H., González Orej, José Antonio, González Santillán, Edmundo, González Soriano, Enrique, Goodman, Steven M., Grandcolas, Philippe, Grande, Lance, Greenbaum, Eli, Gregorin, Renato, Grillitsch, Heinz, Grismer, Larry Lee, Grootaert, Patrick, Grosjean, Stéphane, Guarino, FABIO MARIA, Guayasamin, Juan M., Guénard, Benoit, Guevara, Lázaro, Guidoti, Marcu, Gupta, Devanshu, Gvoždík, Václav, Haddad, Célio F. B., Hallermann, Jakob, Hassanin, Alexandre, Hausmann, Axel, Heaney, Lawrence R., Heinicke, Matthew P., Helgen, Kristofer M., Henle, Klau, Hirschmann, Alice, Holmes, Michael W., Hołyńska, Maria, Hołyński, Roman, Hormiga, Gustavo, Huber, Bernhard A., Hugot, Jean Pierre, Hutterer, Rainer, Iskandar, Djoko, Iverson, John B., Jäger, Peter, Janssen, Ronald, Jerep, Fernando, Jocqué, Rudy, Jungfer, Karl Heinz, Justine, Jean Lou, Kamei, Rachunliu G., Kamiński, Marcin Jan, Karner, Michael, Kearney, Teresa, Khot, Rahul, Kieckbusch, Max, Köhler, Jörn, Koepfli, Klaus Peter, Kondorosy, Elöd, Krogmann, Lar, Krolow, Tiago Kütter, Krüger, Martin, Kucharzewski, Christoph, Kullander, Sven O., Kumar, Santosh, Kupfer, Alexander, Kuramoto, Mitsuru, Kurina, Olavi, Kury, Adriano, Kvist, Sebastian, La Marca, Enrique, La Terza, Antonietta, Laval, Richard, Lacher, Thomas E., Lamas, Carlos J. E., Lambert, Max R., Landry, Bernard, Langeani, Francisco, Langone, José A., Lattke, John E., Lavilla, Esteban O., Leenders, Twan, Lees, David C., Leite, Yuri L. R., Lehmann, Thoma, Lhano, Marcos Gonçalve, Lim, Burton K., Lin, Xiaofeng, Löbl, Ivan, De Lucena, Carlos A. S., De Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Lucinda, Paulo, Lujan, Nathan K., Luporini, Pierangelo, Luz, David R., Lynch, John D., Machado, Leonardo Ferreira, Mahony, Stephen, Malabarba, Luiz R., Manuel Santos, Marivene, Marinho Filho, Jader, Marini, Miguel Â., Marques, Antonio Carlo, Marques, Mariana P., Mateus, Octávio, Matsui, Masafumi, Mazuch, Tomáš, Mccranie, Jame, Mckellar, Ryan C., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Mecke, Sven, Meißner, Karin, Mendoza Becerril, María A., Mendoza Palmero, Carlos A., Merker, Stefan, Mezzasalma, Marcello, Midgley, John Mark, Miller, Jeremy, Miller, Matthew J., Mincarone, Michael Maia, Minet, Joël, Miralles, Aurélien, Miranda, Thaís P., Missoup, Alain Didier, Modrý, David, Molinari, Jesú, Monadjem, Ara, Montreuil, Olivier, Moratelli, Ricardo, Moreira, Cristiano Rangel, Moreira, Felipe F. F., Mourer Chauviré, Cécile, Mulieri, Pablo Ricardo, Munroe, Thomas A., Naomi, Shun Ichiro, Nascimento, Fabio, Nässig, Wolfgang A., Neifar, Lassad, Netto Ferreira, Andre L., Niamir, Aidin, Nielsen, Stuart V., Nihei, Silvio S., Nistri, Annamaria, Oceguera Figueroa, Alejandro, Odierna, Gaetano, Ohler, Annemarie, Ojanguren Affilastro, Andres A., De Oliveira, Favízia Freita, De Oliveira, Marcio Luiz, De Oliveira, Otto Müller Patrão, Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira, Olson, Link E., Ong'Ondo, Geoffrey O., Orlov, Nikolai, Ornelas García, Claudia Patricia, Ortega, Hernan, Ortega Andrade, Mauricio, Ota, Hidetoshi, Pariselle, Antoine, Passos, Paulo, Pastana, Murilo N. L., Patterson, Bruce D., Patitucci, Luciano D., Patton, James L., Pavan, Ana C., Pavan, Silvia E., Pavia, Marco, Peloso, Pedro L. V., Pelzer, Alexander, Pereyra, Martín O., Perez Gonzalez, Abel, Pérez Luz, Blanca, Pérez, Cristian Hernan Fulvio, Peterhans, Julian Kerbi, Peterson, A. Townsend, Pétillon, Julien, Philips, Thomas Keith, Picariello, ORFEO LUCIO ANTONIO, Pie, Marcio R., Pikart, Tiago G., Pine, Ronald H., Pinheiro, Ulisse, Pinho, Luiz Carlo, Pinto, Ângelo P., Costa, Leonora Pire, Poggi, Roberto, Pombal, José P., Prabhu, Mrugank, Prendini, Elizabeth, Prendini, Lorenzo, Purushothaman, Jasmine, Pyron, Robert Alexander, Quintela Alonso, Pablo, Quinteros, Andres Sebastian, Quiroga Carmona, Marcial, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Raffaëlli, Jean, Rage, Jean Claude, Rajaei, Hossein, Ramírez, Martín J., Raposo, Marcos A., Py Daniel, Lucia H. Rapp, Rasplus, Jean Yve, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Reddy, Sushma, Reis, Roberto E., Remsen, James V., Richards, Leigh R., Richling, Ira, Robillard, Tony, Rocha, Marcelo Salle, Rocha, Rosana Moreira, Rödder, Denni, Rödel, Mark Oliver, Rodrigues, Fernando P., Rodriguez, Estefania, Rogers, Duke S., Rojas Runjaic, Fernando J. M., Röll, Beate, Rosenberger, Alfred L., Rowley, Jodi, Roza, André Silva, Ruedi, Manuel, Salazar Bravo, Jorge, Salcedo, Norma J., Samyn, Yve, Santana, Sharlene E., Santoferrara, Luciana, Santos, Bernardo F., Santos, Charles Morphy D., Santos, Jean Carlo, Santos, Marcos Pérsio Danta, Sargis, Eric J., Schargel, Walter E., Schätti, Beat, Scherz, Mark D., Schlick Steiner, Birgit C., Schmidt, Ray C., Schmitt, Thoma, Schodde, Richard, Schoeman, Colin S., Schweiger, Silke, Schwertner, Cristiano F., Seamark, Ernest C. J., Semedo, Thiago B. F., Shin, Mann Kyoon, Siler, Cameron D., Silveira, Luís Fábio, Simison, W. Brian, Simões, Marcello, Sites, Jack W., Smith, Brian Tilston, Smith, Krister T., Song, Weibo, Soulier Perkins, Adeline, Sousa, Leandro M., Sparks, John S., Stampar, Sérgio N., Steiner, Florian M., Steyer, Jean Sébastien, Stiassny, Melanie L. J., Stoeck, Thorsten, Stopiglia, Renata, Streicher, Jeffrey W., Sturaro, Marcelo J., Stys, Pavel, Swierk, Lindsey, Taeger, Andrea, Takiya, Daniela M., Taphorn, Donald C., Tavares, Marco, Tavares, Valeria Da C., Taylor, Peter John, Tello, Jose G., Teta, Pablo, Tillack, Frank, Timm, Robert M., Tokaryk, Tim, Tominaga, Atsushi, Tonini, João Filipe Riva, Tornabene, Luke, Torres Carvajal, Omar, Townsend, Josiah, Trape, Jean Françoi, Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut, Trusch, Robert, Tschopp, Emanuel, Uhl, Dieter, Upham, Nathan S., Vacher, Jean Pierre, Valdesalici, Stefano, Van Bocxlaer, Bert, Van Cakenberghe, Victor, Van De Kamp, Thoma, Van De Velde, Isabella, Van Den Spiegel, Didier, Vanhove, Maarten P. M., Vasudevan, Karthikeyan, Veerappan, Deepak, Velazco, Paúl M., Verdade, Vanessa K., Verheyen, Erik, Vieira, Leandro M., Victoriano, Pedro F., Vitt, Laurie J., Wagner, Philipp, Watkins Colwell, Gregory J., Weisse, Thoma, Werneck, Fernanda P., Wheeler, Ward C., Wilson, Don E., Valero, Katharina C. Wollenberg, Wood, Perry Lee, Woodman, Neal, Quetzalli, Hernández Díaz Yoalli, Yoshikawa, Natsuhiko, Zaher, Hussam, Ziegler, Thoma, Zima, Jan, Zink, Robert M., Zug, George, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Università degli Studi di Camerino (UNICAM), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidade de Brasília, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité ( ISYEB ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes ( EPHE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Villanova University [Philadelphie], University of Salzburg, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Universidade Federal do Pará, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul ( PUCRS ), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ( UFRGS ), Royal Museum for Central Africa, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), Technical University of Berlin, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco ( UFPE ), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo ( UFES ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie] ), Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho ( UNESP ), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Senckenberg Museum, Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ), Museu de Zoologia ( MZ ), Universidade de São Paulo ( USP ), North Dakota State University ( NDSU ), Departamento de Polícia Técnico Científica ( DPTC ), Louisiana State University ( LSU ), University of Tennessee, Ohio State University [Columbus] ( OSU ), Universidade Luterana do Brasil ( ULBRA ), University of Mississippi, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), University of New Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, Ceríaco, Luis M., Gutiérrez, Eliécer, Dubois, Alan Alqarni, Abdulaziz, Buckup, Paulo, Simón Abdala, Cristian, Algarni, abdulaziz, A. Adriano, Edson, Erna, Aescht, Villanova Univ, Museu Nacl Hist Nat & Ciencia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Smithsonian Inst, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Nacl Tucuman, King Saud Univ, Cornell Univ, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Upper Austrian Museum, Univ Salzburg, Zool Forsch Museum A Koenig, Russian Acad Sci, Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Museo Reg Sci Nat, Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Royal Museum Cent Africa, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Univ Innsbruck, Hasselt Univ, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Univ Nacl Misiones, Natl Museum, Senckenberg Nat Hist Sammlungen, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Landesmuseum, Univ Camerino, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Senckenberg Res Inst, Museo Civ Storia Nat, Polskiej Akad Nauk, Harvard Univ, North West Univ, Museu Nacl, Nat Hist Museum, Senckenberg Nat Kundemuseum, North Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Univ Rennes 1, Amer Museum Nat Hist, Univ Huddersfield, North Dakota State Univ, Fac Sci Sfax, DPTC PC, Louisiana State Univ, Zool Survey India, Univ Tennessee, Ohio State Univ, Univ Luterana Brasil, Univ Firenze, Univ Ovidius Constanta, Univ Mississippi, Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Univ New Mexico, Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Univ Stellenbosch, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), CIBIO Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, Museum Hist Nat, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Univ Austral Chile, Univ Malaysia, Indian Inst Sci, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Sam Houston State Univ, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Drexel Univ, Univ Richmond, Ctr Pesquisas Cacau, Univ Torino, Soc Hist Nat Alcide dOrbigny, Wolfden Sci Consulting, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Inst Humboldt, Escuela Politec Nacl, Calif Acad Sci, Museum Dept Hist Nat Var, Nat Environm & Wildlife Soc, Univ Kansas, Kyoto Univ, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Univ Fed Paraiba, Univ Fed Parana, Nat Hist Museum Narodini Museum, Nat Hist Museum Zimbabwe, Ateneo Manila Univ, Pontificia Univ Javeriana, RACINE, Univ Paris 06, Ocean Univ China, Museo Nacl Hist Nat Paraguay, Univ Carabobo, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Univ Nebraska, CENAK Ctr Nat Kunde, Ohio Hist Connect, Univ Fed Amazonas, Univ Malaga, Chinese Acad Sci, Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Natl Polytech Inst, Field Museum Nat Hist, Univ Texas El Paso, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), La Sierra Univ, Univ San Francisco Quito, Univ Hong Kong, CUNY, CAS, Zool Staatssammlung Munchen, Univ Michigan, Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Santa Rosa Jr Coll, George Washington Univ, Inst Teknol Bandung, Earlham Coll, Senckenberg Forschungsinst & Nat Museum, Univ Koblenz Landau, Ditsong Natl Museum Nat Hist, Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Philipps Univ Marburg, Hess Landesmuseum, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Univ Pannonia, Staatliches Museum Nat Kunde, UFT, Museum Nat Kunde, Nat Hist Riksmuseet, Hikarigaoka, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Univ Los Andes, Bat Jungle, Texas A&M Univ, Yale Univ, Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Roger Tory Peterson Inst Nat Hist, Univ Fed Reconcavo Bahia, South China Normal Univ, Museu Ciencias Tecnol PUCRS, Univ Fed Tocantins, Univ Toronto, Univ Nacl Colombia, Natl Museum Philippines, NOVA Univ Lisbon, Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Deutsch Zentrum Marine Biodiversitatsforsch, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Naturalis Biodivers Ctr, Univ Douala, Vet & Farmaceut Univ Brno, Univ Swaziland, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Univ Claude Bernard, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Nat Hist Museum & Inst, Senckenberg Biodiversitat & Klima Forschunsgzentr, Marquette Univ, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Fed Univ ABC, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Univ Alaska Museum, Egerton Univ, Museo Hist Nat, IKIAM Univ Reg Amazon, Univ Hyogo, Inst Rech Dev, Niedersachs Landesbetrieb Wasserwirtschaft Kusten, Univ Complutense Madrid, Roosevelt Univ, Western Kentucky Univ, Univ Naples Federico II, Univ Fed Acre, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Inst Bio & Geociencias Noroeste Argentino, Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Umweltbundesamt, Penclen, CNRS MNHN UPMC, Staatl Museum Nat Kunde, Ctr Biol Gest Populat INRA, Loyola Univ Chicago, Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio do Sul, Durban Museum Nat Sci, Univ Estado Amazonas, Brigham Young Univ, Museo Hist Nat La Salle, Univ Vet Med Hannover, Australian Museum, Texas Tech Univ, Francis Marion Univ, Univ Washington, Univ Connecticut, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Fed Univ Para, Yale Peabody Museum, Univ Texas Arlington, Senckenberg Deutsch Entomol Inst, CSIRO, Univ Venda, Univ Ulsan, Senckenberg Forsch Inst & Nat Museum, Univ Fed Para, UPMC, Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Charles Univ Prague, Univ Nacl Expt los Llanos Occident Ezequiel Zamor, Long Isl Univ, Univ Ryukyus, Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Indiana Univ Penn, IRD, State Museum Nat Hist Karlsruhe, Univ Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Univ Ghent, Univ Antwerp, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Yale Peabody Museum Nat Hist, Bethune Cookman Univ, Natl Museum Nat & Sci, and Zool Garten Koln

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Rebuttal, 010607 zoology, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Q1, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biological Science Disciplines, FOTOGRAFIA, Photography, Animals, Animal species, Biological sciences, QH426, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Taxonomy, QL, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Biodiversity, Classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematic, Taxonomy (biology), Animal Science and Zoology, Classics
Abstract

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No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-11-23 Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA Museu Nacl Hist Nat & Ciencia, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Brasilia, Dept Zool, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA Sorbonne Univ, Museum Natl Hist Nat, ISYEB, Paris, France Univ Nacl Tucuman, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Diadema, Brazil Upper Austrian Museum, Ctr Biol, Linz, Austria Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA Univ Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria Plazi, Bern, Switzerland Univ Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil Zool Forsch Museum A Koenig, Bonn, Germany Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg, Russia Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Museo Reg Sci Nat, Turin, Italy Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto 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2016
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