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This research establishes the current state of the art for energy projects in humanitarian contexts. For that purpose, a literature review was conducted and 112 projects from the Safe Access to Fuel and Energy (SAFE, led by UNHCR) Repository have been assessed. The results show the majority of projects are focused on displaced populations. Renewable energies have emerged as a feasible solution for longterm conflicts, relieving environmental stress and fostering social and economic development., Este estudio establece el actual estado de la cuestión de proyectos energéticos en contextos humanitarios. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica y se han evaluado 112 proyectos del Repositorio de la Iniciativa Safe Access to Fuel and Energy (SAFE) liderada por ACNUR. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de proyectos se centran en población desplazada. Las energías renovables surgen como una solución viable en conflictos de larga duración, aliviando el estrés medioambiental y promoviendo el desarrollo económico y social., Cette recherche présente l’état de l’art actuel des projets énergétiques dans des contextes d’action humanitaire. Une étude bibliographique a été conduite, et 112 projets de “Safe Access to Fuel and Energy” (SAFE) archive ont été analysés. Les résultats montrent que la majorité de ces projets se concentrent sur populations déplacées. Les énergies renouvelables se présentent comme une solution envisageable dans des conflits à long terme, adoucissant les contraintes environnementales et favorisant le développement économique et social.

The Technical University of Madrid (UPM), through its Innovation & Technology for Development Centre (itdUPM), is promoting the generation of innovative solutions, that contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Objectives through its role of broker of Multi-actor Partnership in which actors from different contexts and natures are integrated to solve complex problems., La Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) a través de su Centro de Innovación en Tecnología para el Desarrollo Humano (itdUPM) está propiciando la generación de soluciones innovadoras que contribuyen al cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) a través de su papel de facilitador de alianzas multiactor en la que actores de diferentes contextos y naturaleza se integran para dar solución a problemas complejos., L’Université Polytechnique de Madrid (UPM) à travers son Centre pour l’Innovation dans la Technologie pour le Développement Humain (itdUPM) dirige la génération de solutions innovantes qui contribuent à la réalisation des Objectifs de Développement Durable grâce à son rôle de facilitateur des Partenariat Multi-acteurs dans lequel les acteurs de différents milieux et nature sont intégrés pour résoudre des problèmes complexes.

In 2019, there were 759 million people globally without access to electricity and 2.6 billion people lacked access to clean cooking. Cooking with electricity could contribute to achieving universal access to energy by 2030. This paper uses geospatially-based techniques—a computer model named REM, for Reference Electrification Model—to show the impact of integrating electric cooking into electrification planning. Three household scenarios were analyzed: one for providing basic electricity access with no electric cooking; another for cooking with electricity; and the third for cooking half of the meals with electricity and half with another fuel, with a clean stacking process. Results of the application of REM to the three scenarios were obtained for the Nyagatare District, Rwanda. The case study showed that electric cooking substantially changes the mix of technologies and the total cost of the least-cost electrification plan. It also showed that electric cooking can be cost competitive compared to LPG and charcoal in grid-connected households and can reduce greenhouse emissions. Stacking with energy-efficient electric appliances provides most of the benefits of full electric cooking at a lower cost and is a pathway worthy of further consideration.

In 2019, there were 759 million people globally without access to electricity and 2.6 billion people lacked access to clean cooking. Cooking with electricity could contribute to achieving universal access to energy by 2030. This paper uses geospatially-based techniques—a computer model named REM, for Reference Electrification Model—to show the impact of integrating electric cooking into electrification planning. Three household scenarios were analyzed: one for providing basic electricity access with no electric cooking; another for cooking with electricity; and the third for cooking half of the meals with electricity and half with another fuel, with a clean stacking process. Results of the application of REM to the three scenarios were obtained for the Nyagatare District, Rwanda. The case study showed that electric cooking substantially changes the mix of technologies and the total cost of the least-cost electrification plan. It also showed that electric cooking can be cost competitive compared to LPG and charcoal in grid-connected households and can reduce greenhouse emissions. Stacking with energy-efficient electric appliances provides most of the benefits of full electric cooking at a lower cost and is a pathway worthy of further consideration.

Black carbon is the second largest contributor to climate change and also poses risks to human health. Despite the need for black carbon (BC) emissions estimates from residential biomass burning for cooking, quantitative data are still scarce. This scarcity is mainly due to the scattered location of the stoves, as well as relatively costly and complex analytical methods available. Two low cost and easy-to-use optical methods, a cell-phone based system and smoke stain reflectometry, where compared to elemental carbon (EC) concentrations by the Sunset OCEC Analyzer (TOT). The three techniques were challenged with different aerosol types (urban and biomass cookstoves), and different filter substrates (quartz and glass fibre). A good agreement was observed between the two low cost techniques and the reference system for the aerosol types and concentrations assessed, although the relationship was statistically different for each type of aerosol. The quantification of correction factors with respect to the reference method for the specific conditions under study is essential with either of the low-cost techniques. BC measurements from the cell-phone system and the reflectometer were moderately affected by the filter substrate. The easy use of the cell-phone based system may allow engaging cookstove users in the data collection process, increasing the amount and frequency of data collection which may, otherwise, not be feasible in resourced constrained locations. This would help to raise public awareness about environmental and health issues related to cookstoves. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.