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BACKGROUND: Hypomobility of the cervicothoracic (CT) junction has been suggested neck discomfort as one of its causes.There are, however, few trials that have contrasted the impact of CT junction mobilisation against a successful neck pain intervention. The treatment of distant spinal segments using thoracic spine manipulation is non-specific and is founded on the notion of interregional reliance.Recent studies have examined the usefulness of segment-specific spinal mobilisation in the cervical spine, although no firm findings could be drawn from earlier research. The aforementioned factors call for research into the effectiveness of a particular CT junction mobilisation vs a general thoracic manipulation intervention in neck discomfort. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants in a randomised clinical trial with mechanical neck soreness and Cervicothoracic junction dysfunction were randomly assigned to the mid-thoracic (T3-T6) manipulation group or the C7-T1 stage Maitland mobilisation group. The results of the cervical flexion, extension, facet flexion, and rotation degrees of movement (ROM) before and after the intervention have been measured the use of a cervical range of motion (CROM) device. The severity of self-stated ache become measured using the numerical pain score scale (NPRS). After the intervention, a one-way ANCOVA was used to evaluate the outcomes. RESULTS: For the study, 48 individuals have been enrolled, with a median age of 36.Forty eight±12.Forty eight for the thoracic manipulation organization and 34.25± 12.24 for the CT junction organization. After treatment, there were no discernible differences in cervical variety of movement (ROM) or self-said ache depth among thegroups (p-value = 0.07, 0.96, 003, 0.Forty, 0.30, 0.31 for flexion, extension, bilateralside bending, and rotation, respectively), nor in neck pain depth (p = 0.67). The cervical ROM and pain, however, extensively stepped forward in both businesses whilst in comparison within-institution, pre- and post. CONCLUSION: This preliminary investigation showed that thoracic manipulation had the same effects on the outcomes of cervical range of motion and neck discomfort as level-specific Cervicothoracic mobilisation in patients with non-specific neck pain when it was compared to remote mid-thoracic manipulation. KEYWORDS: Cervicothoracic Mobilization, Thoracic manipulation, Non-specific neck pain, ROM, mechanical neck pain

A well-known endocrine condition in women is polycystic ovarian syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Vitamin D in one hundred eighty girls with PCOS. Methods: The investigation is a randomized control trial that is double-blinded. The study took place at the Ali Medical Hospital in Islamabad. The goal of the study was still to determine how adding vitamin D affected the metabolic and endocrine parameter plasma glucose in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome. This experiment had a 24-week base period and a 12-week follow-up period. Result: In this trial, no important difference of Vitamin-D addition on main variable AUCgluc and additional secondary variables metabolic and endocrine parameters were observed. There was only exclusion of a substantial reduction in plasma glucose during OGTT after 1 hr. Moreover, no improvement in PCOS or menstrual frequency in experimental group was observed. Conclusions: The study found no substantial impact of Vitamin-D supplementation on plasma glucose and on metabolic or endocrine parameters but during OGTT plasma glucose was found to be reduced after 1 hour.

Cervical radiculopathy is the problem that probably every other person is complaining now a days and etiology is mostly age-related related posture and hectic work routine. Objective: Current trial was designed to associate the impact of cervical pull, foramen initial and both combined techniques on level of disablement, pain and range of motions of cervical spine in individuals having cervical radiculopathy. Methods: Sampling technique was non-probability and participants were allocated into 3 groups. A, B and C. Informed consent was taken and all subjects were instructed about the trial. Patients who were taking medications or denied to participate in study were excluded. Patients of age 30-50years who were not taking medication were included to conclude the impact of manual techniques. Patients were assigned into treatment groups based on inclusion criteria which is diagnosed MRI cervical radiculopathy unilateral upper extremity pain and numbness and 3 result test were positive out of 4. distraction test, Spurling Test, Ipsilateral rotation test and Upper-limb tension test. Results: In group A, mean age of subjects was 42.41±6.86 years, 40.95± 7.32 years in group B and 42.50±5.77 years in group C. 8(60%) participants were crabby of sharp and shooting pain in group A. 4(35%) describe the pain as burning and tingling and 1(5%) felt deep dull ache. In analysis of baseline and after completion of treatment assessment of each group, all variant determined considerable outcomes with p

Background: Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a common progressive disorder. Calf muscle incompetence due to muscle weakness and ankle movement abnormalities is an important factor in CVD, but the biomechanical and morphological characteristics of the calf muscle remain unknown Aim:To evaluate the biomechanical and morphological characteristics of the calf muscle in subjects with CVD and healthy controls. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted at University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, for the duration of six months, from January, 2021 to June, 2021. Materials and methods:In this case-control study, sixty patients with CVD in three equal groups (mild: C1 – C2, moderate: C3 – C4, severe: C5 – C6) and 20 healthy subjects in a control group participated. The shear wave elastography (SWE) and thickness of medial gastrocnemius muscle (GM) were measured using an ultrasonography. Results: The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences in SWE and thickness values between groups for medial GM (P

Aim: NAFLD is becoming more common among Asians, as is type-II DM & obesity both of which are connected to fatty liver disease. The goal of the research was to govern the pervasiveness of NAFLD in T2DM patients, as well as their risk factors, in Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was held in the medicine department of Islam Medical and Dental College Sialkot for one-year duration from January 2021 to December 2021. This research included adult individuals who had been diagnosed with T2DM during the previous six months. Ultrasound of the liver was used to detect NAFLD. Measurements that were clinically and biochemically important were completed. Results: NAFLD was detected in 124 T2DM individuals out of a total of 160. (77.5 percent). According to multivariable analysis, NAFLD is associated with dyslipidemia (95 percent, p = 0.035), higher LDL (OR 1.02, p = 0.003), HbA1c (OR1.27, p = 0.045), and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.05, Hypertension, dyslipidemia, waist circumference, BMI, triglycerides, lack of physical activity, reduced LDL, HDL, ALT and HbA1c all had a combined risk of 11.2 for NAFLD. Conclusion: Numerous lifestyle-related factors have been investigated in connection to a high incidence of NAFLD. It assesses risk factor values to demonstrate the need for NAFLD screening in newly diagnosed DM patients in Pakistan. Keywords: diabetes, risk factors, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity

Background: Normal movement pattern and its relationship with various segments of the body create a kinetic chain for performing certain activities. The abnormal patterns of movement may precipitate risk of injuries at any segmentleg from the pelvis to the foot [1-3]. Obesity has been marked as risk factor for postural instability. The mechanism of altering body geometry due to excessive deposition of body fat at certain areas like abdomen and hips increases the stress on the musculoskeletal system leading to postural-instability. Aim: In study the effects of obesity on different segments of lower limb are being focused. Place & Duration: Data was collected in Pakistan. Study duration April 2020 to April 2021 Methods: After ethical approval, Consent and explanation of procedure the population was subdivided into three groups on the bases of BMI, with 50 samples in each group. For Pelvic tilt and Q-angle measurement the image captured with 13-megapixel camera and angle was measured[4]in computer with the help of Microdicom software. To evaluate foot posture, the foot posture index tool was used. The ICC95% calculated for validity and reliability of photography. Results: Validity and reliability test ICC 95% confidence interval for pelvic tilt and Q-angle measurement with photography method was 0.991 (0.974-.997) and 0.949(0.878-.981), with P-value 0.0001. There is significant different in pelvic tilt, Q-angle and foot posture of subjects with normal, overweight and obesity. Conclusion: Obesity has significant effect on Q-angle and pelvic tilt and foot posture. Key words: Q-angle, Posture, Pelvic, Obesity, Influence.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of piriformis muscle tightness among allied health students, and its relationship with age, gender and year of study. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted. A sample size of 259 was calculated using Open Epi v3.01. Allied health students from physical therapy, occupational therapy and prosthetics & orthotics programs participated in this study, which lasted 4 months. After obtaining informed consent, data was collected through a self-developed questionnaire. Piriformis muscle tightness, and symptom recurrence, was determined using the FAIR test. Results: Average age of participants was 21.94±1.81 years. Females comprised of 79.9% of the study population. High percentage (85.3%) were from the physical therapy program. Most common posture was crossed leg sitting (48.3%). Positive FAIR test was found in 41.7% of the population. Strong correlation between age-group with FAIR test was noted (p=0.036). Conclusion: Piriformis muscle tightness is prevalent in those who engage in prolonged sitting postures. Furthermore, strong association of piriformis tightness with age is present, whereas no relationship with gender and year of study has been observed. Keywords: Piriformis muscle tightness, Piriformis muscle syndrome, Low back pain, Sedentary individuals, FAIR test.

Aim: Capturing body images through digital photography method for calculation of quadriceps angles and pelvic position in clinical assessment is an inexpensive method. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability of measuring Q-angle and pelvic tilt angle with digital camera and Microdicom software. Place and duration: University of Lahore and Tehran University of medical sciences, from June 2020 to June 2021 Methods: Bilateral lower limbs of fifteen healthy asymptomatic subjects were considered for calculations of desired angles. A 13-megapixel camera was used to capture images of quadriceps angle (q-angle) measurement in an anterior view and for pelvic angle measurement image in lateral view along with specific landmark markers on the body were captured. Images were transferred to Microdicom software for calculating desire angles. Three trails of procedures and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI), Munro’s classification for reliability coefficients were used for the description of degrees. Standard error of measurement (SEM) was also calculated. Results: The Intra-class correlation coefficient values for right side Q- angle was 0.949(0.878-.981) and for left side it was 0.924(0.819-0.972) and

Aim: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess individual information about diabetes complications in patients with diabetes from questionnaires, and to find a relationship of this information to educational attainment and other sociodemographic profiles. Place and duration: Medical Department of Sharif Medical College, Lahore from January 2021 to June 2021. Methods: A total of 192 patients were enrolled in the study. People older than 16 years and who understand the query guidelines well were selected. All subjects answered the questionnaires given voluntarily and safely. The complete questionnaire was accessible in English language but was carefully translated to the official Pakistani language (Urdu). The enquiries were intended to evaluate how they knew about the diabetes mellitus complications and what those complications were. We use the SPSS 21.0 for data input and analysis. Chi-square test was applied for variables comparison. Results: We institute in this study that 94 people (48.9%) knew that the major impediment of diabetes is heart disease when blood sugar was not properly controlled, trailed by kidney disease (10.4%), and hypertension (7.8%), Eye Disease (2.6%) and cerebrovascular disease 32(16.6%). Regrettably, responsiveness was found about the presence of peripheral neurological problems, diabetic foot disease and unexpected bereavement was found in 1(0.5%) case only. Each of the subjects were inquired if they were concerned about serious complications of diabetes. Conclusions: There was statistical difference in any of the parameters (individual education, residence, monthly income, occupation, family history) depending on the degree of anxiety. The parameters were statistically significant. Further development of diabetes education programs, such as the use of the media and participation in national education programs, can improve the awareness of self-regulation of diabetes, which may decrease the mortality and morbidity of patients with diabetes. Keywords: Diabetic complications, anxiety.

Introduction: Taking medication without a doctor’s prescription is not always harmful and may reduce the cost and save the time. In Pakistan, homemade remedies and spiritual faith are the first line of treatment of minor illnesses. This study was carried on undergraduate Physical Therapy students of Karachi, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Was a cross-sectional study, conducted on 250 undergraduate Physical Therapy students from major private and semiprivate colleges of Karachi, Pakistan. The participants were chosen by simple random sampling method. The research was done using 95% confidence interval. Results: Our result shows that medication use without doctor’s advice is a frequent practice among the undergraduate Physical Therapy students of major private and semi-private institutes of Karachi, Pakistan. It was observed that 5%, 21%, 18%, 4%, 27%, 25% of the students were taking self-medication on daily, weekly, fortnight, monthly, yearly and occasional basis, respectively. Conclusion: Headache is the main ailment for which students are practicing self-medication.