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7,074 results on '"Mayer B"'

3. Radiative transfer in the cloudy atmosphere

Author

Mayer B.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Radiative transfer in clouds is a challenging task, due to their high spatial and temporal variability which is unrivaled by any other atmospheric species. Clouds are among the main modulators of radiation along its path through the Earth’s atmosphere. The cloud feedback is the largest source of uncertainty in current climate model predictions. Cloud observation from satellites, on a global scale, with appropriate temporal and spatial sampling is therefore one of the top aims of current Earth observation missions. In this chapter three-dimensional methods for radiative transfer in cloudy atmospheres are described, which allow to study cloud-radiation interaction at the level needed to better understand the fundamental details driving climate and to better exploit remote sensing algorithms. The Monte Carlo technique is introduced which allows to handle nearly arbitrarily complex atmospheric conditions. The accuracy of the method is discussed by comparison between different models and with observations. Finally, we show some examples and discuss under which conditions three-dimensional methods are actually needed and when commonly-used one-dimensional approximations are applicable. This chapter builds upon the excellent overview of one-dimensional radiative transfer in ERCA Volume 3 [B. Pinty and M.M. Verstraete, ERCA 3, 67 (1998)].

Published
2009
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9. Non-perturbative four-wave mixing in InSb with intense off-resonant multi-THz pulses

Author

Huber R., Schubert O., Pashkin A., Mährlein S., Schmidt C., Junginger F., Mayer B., and Leitenstorfer A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

High-field multi-THz pulses are employed to analyze the coherent nonlinear response of the narrow-gap semiconductor InSb which is driven off-resonantly. Field-resolved four-wave mixing signals manifest the onset of a non-perturbative regime of Rabi flopping at external amplitudes above 5 MV/cm per pulse. Simulations based on a two-level quantum system confirm these experimental results.

Published
2013
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10. Ultrafast low-energy dynamics of graphite studied by nonlinear multi-THz spectroscopy

Author

Leitenstorfer A., Brida D., Huber R., Grupp A., Rebholz M., Junginger F., Mayer B., Schmidt C., and Pashkin A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Ultraintense few-cycle THz pulses are employed to study the nonlinear response of graphite. A phase sensitive 2D spectroscopy setup is capable of detecting pump-induced transient changes as well as multi-wave mixing processes. The observed strong THz-pump THz-probe signals provide insight into ultrafast dynamics and the spectral response of the low-energy carriers. Here we report the observation of a pump-induced transmission in graphite. The relaxation dynamics shows three distinct time scales, which are assigned to carrier thermalization, phonon emission and a slow cooling down back to equilibrium.

Published
2013
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12. IPRT polarized radiative transfer model intercomparison project - Phase A

Author

Emde, C., Barlakas, V., Cornet, C., Evans, F., Korkin, S., Ota, Y., -Labonnote, L. C., Lyapustin, A., Macke, A., Mayer, B., and Wendisch, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

The polarization state of electromagnetic radiation scattered by atmospheric particles such as aerosols, cloud droplets, or ice crystals contains much more information about the optical and microphysical properties than the total intensity alone. For this reason an increasing number of polarimetric observations are performed from space, from the ground and from aircraft. Polarized radiative transfer models are required to interpret and analyze these measurements and to develop retrieval algorithms exploiting polarimetric observations. In the last years a large number of new codes have been developed, mostly for specific applications. Benchmark results are available for specific cases, but not for more sophisticated scenarios including polarized surface reflection and multi-layer atmospheres. The International Polarized Radiative Transfer (IPRT) working group of the International Radiation Commission (IRC) has initiated a model intercomparison project in order to fill this gap. This paper presents the results of the first phase A of the IPRT project which includes ten test cases, from simple setups with only one layer and Rayleigh scattering to rather sophisticated setups with a cloud embedded in a standard atmosphere above an ocean surface. All scenarios in the first phase A of the intercomparison project are for a one-dimensional plane-parallel model geometry. The commonly established benchmark results are available at the IPRT website (http://www.meteo.physik.uni-muenchen.de/~iprt).

Published
2019
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13. IPRT polarized radiative transfer model intercomparison project - Three-dimensional test cases (phase B)

Author

Emde, C., Barlakas, V., Cornet, C., Evans, F., Wang, Z., -Labonotte, L. C., Macke, A., Mayer, B., and Wendisch, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

Initially unpolarized solar radiation becomes polarized by scattering in the Earth's atmosphere. In particular molecular scattering polarizes electromagnetic radiation, but also scattering of radiation at aerosols, cloud droplets and ice crystals polarizes. Each atmospheric constituent produces a characteristic polarization signal, thus spectro-polarimetric measurements are frequently employed for remote sensing of aerosol and cloud properties. Retrieval algorithms require efficient radiative transfer models. Usually, these apply the plane-parallel approximation, assuming that the atmosphere consists of horizontally homogeneous layers. For remote sensing applications, the radiance is considered constant over the instantaneous field-of-view of the instrument and each sensor element is treated independently in plane-parallel approximation, neglecting horizontal radiation transport between adjacent pixels. In order to estimate the errors due to the IPA approximation, three-dimensional (3D) vector radiative transfer models are required. So far, only a few such models exist. Therefore, the International Polarized Radiative Transfer (IPRT) working group of the International Radiation Commission (IRC) has initiated a model intercomparison project in order to provide benchmark results for polarized radiative transfer. The group has already performed an intercomparison for one-dimensional (1D) multi-layer test cases (Emde et al., 2015). This paper presents the continuation of the intercomparison project for 2D and 3D test cases: a step cloud, a cubic cloud, and a more realistic scenario including a 3D cloud field generated by a Large Eddy Simulation model and typical background aerosols. The commonly established benchmark results for 3D polarized radiative transfer are available at the IPRT website (http://www.meteo.physik.uni-muenchen.de/~iprt).

Published
2019
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14. ALIS: An efficient method to compute high spectral resolution polarized solar radiances using the Monte Carlo approach

Author

Emde, C., Buras, R., and Mayer, B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

An efficient method to compute accurate polarized solar radiance spectra using the (three-dimensional) Monte Carlo model MYSTIC has been developed. Such high resolution spectra are measured by various satellite instruments for remote sensing of atmospheric trace gases. ALIS (Absorption Lines Importance Sampling) allows the calculation of spectra by tracing photons at only one wavelength: In order to take into account the spectral dependence of the absorption coefficient a spectral absorption weight is calculated for each photon path. At each scattering event the local estimate method is combined with an importance sampling method to take into account the spectral dependence of the scattering coefficient. Since each wavelength grid point is computed based on the same set of random photon paths, the statistical error is the almost same for all wavelengths and hence the simulated spectrum is not noisy. The statistical error mainly results in a small relative deviation which is independent of wavelength and can be neglected for those remote sensing applications where differential absorption features are of interest. Two example applications are presented: The simulation of shortwave-infrared polarized spectra as measured by GOSAT from which CO$_2$ is retrieved, and the simulation of the differential optical thickness in the visible spectral range which is derived from SCIAMACHY measurements to retrieve NO$_2$. The computational speed of ALIS (for one- or three-dimensional atmospheres) is of the order of or even faster than that of one-dimensional discrete ordinate methods, in particular when polarization is considered.

Published
2019
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15. Errors induced by the neglect of polarization in radiance calculations for three-dimensional cloudy atmospheres

Author

Emde, C. and Mayer, B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

Remote sensing instruments observe radiation being scattered and absorbed by molecules, aerosol particles, cloud droplets and ice crystals. In order to interpret and accurately model such observations, the vector radiative transfer equation needs to be solved, because scattering polarizes the initially unpolarized incoming solar radiation. A widely used approximation in radiative transfer theory is the neglect of polarization which allows to greatly simplify the radiative transfer equation. It is well known that the error caused by multiple Rayleigh scattering can be larger than 10\%, depending on wavelength and sun-observer geometry (Mishchenko et al., 1994). For homogeneous plane-parallel layers of liquid cloud droplets the error is comparatively small (below 1\%) (Hansen 1971). However, in reality clouds are not plane-parallel layers of water droplets but complex three-dimensional (3D) structures and observations of clouds usually include pixels consisting of clear and cloudy parts. In this study we revisit the question of the magnitude of error due to the neglect of polarization in radiative transfer theory for a realistic 3D cloudy atmosphere. We apply the Monte Carlo radiative transfer model MYSTIC with and without neglecting polarization and compare the results. At a phase angle of 90{\deg} and 400nm wavelength we find the maximum overestimation error of about 8% for complete clear-sky conditions. The error is reduced to about 6% in clear-sky regions surrounded by clouds due to scattering from clouds into the clear regions. Within the clouds the error is up to 4% with the highest values in cloud shadows. In backscattering direction the radiance is underestimated by about 5% in clear regions between clouds. For other sun-observer geometries, the error ranges between the two extremes. The error decreases with wavelength and in the absorption bands.

Published
2019
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22. Uncertainty-Aware Organ Classification for Surgical Data Science Applications in Laparoscopy

Author

Moccia, S., Wirkert, S. J., Kenngott, H., Vemuri, A. S., Apitz, M., Mayer, B., De Momi, E., Mattos, L. S., and Maier-Hein, L.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Objective: Surgical data science is evolving into a research field that aims to observe everything occurring within and around the treatment process to provide situation-aware data-driven assistance. In the context of endoscopic video analysis, the accurate classification of organs in the field of view of the camera proffers a technical challenge. Herein, we propose a new approach to anatomical structure classification and image tagging that features an intrinsic measure of confidence to estimate its own performance with high reliability and which can be applied to both RGB and multispectral imaging (MI) data. Methods: Organ recognition is performed using a superpixel classification strategy based on textural and reflectance information. Classification confidence is estimated by analyzing the dispersion of class probabilities. Assessment of the proposed technology is performed through a comprehensive in vivo study with seven pigs. Results: When applied to image tagging, mean accuracy in our experiments increased from 65% (RGB) and 80% (MI) to 90% (RGB) and 96% (MI) with the confidence measure. Conclusion: Results showed that the confidence measure had a significant influence on the classification accuracy, and MI data are better suited for anatomical structure labeling than RGB data. Significance: This work significantly enhances the state of art in automatic labeling of endoscopic videos by introducing the use of the confidence metric, and by being the first study to use MI data for in vivo laparoscopic tissue classification. The data of our experiments will be released as the first in vivo MI dataset upon publication of this paper., Comment: 7 pages, 6 images, 2 tables

Published
2017
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23. Interplay between Coulomb-focusing and non-dipole effects in strong-field ionization with elliptical polarization

Author

Maurer, J., Willenberg, B., Mayer, B. W., Phillips, C. R., Gallmann, L., Danek, J., Klaiber, M., Hatsagortsyan, K. Z., Keitel, C. H., and Keller, U.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Strong-field ionization and rescattering beyond the long-wavelength limit of the dipole approximation is studied with elliptically polarized mid-IR pulses. We have measured the full three-dimensional photoelectron momentum distributions (3D PMDs) with velocity map imaging and tomographic reconstruction. The ellipticity-dependent 3D-PMD measurements revealed an unexpected sharp, thin line-shaped ridge structure in the polarization plane for low momentum photoelectrons. With classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) simulations and analytical methods we identified the associated ionization dynamics for this sharp ridge to be due to Coulomb focusing of slow recollisions of electrons with a momentum approaching zero. This ridge is another example of the many different ways how the Coulomb field of the parent ion influences the different parts of the momentum space of the ionized electron wave packet. Building on this new understanding of the PMD, we extend our studies on the role played by the magnetic field component of the laser beam when operating beyond the long-wavelength limit of the dipole approximation. In this regime, we find that the PMD exhibits an ellipticity-dependent asymmetry along the beam propagation direction: the peak of the projection of the PMD onto the beam propagation axis is shifted from negative to positive values with increasing ellipticity. This turnover occurs rapidly once the ellipticity exceeds $\sim$0.1. We identify the sharp, thin line-shaped ridge structure in the polarization plane as the origin of the ellipticity-dependent PMD asymmetry in the beam propagation direction. These results yield fundamental insights into strong-field ionization processes, and should increase the precision of the emerging applications relying on this technique, including time-resolved holography and molecular imaging.

Published
2017

26. Simplified fluorometric method for the determination of plasma glycerol

Author

Mayer B. Davidson and Robert Karjala

Subjects
glycerol, glycerol dehydrogenase, NADH2, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

A simplified method for determining plasma glycerol is described. This assay utilizes the fluorometric measurement of the reduced adenine dinucleotide, NADH2 which is formed when glycerol is oxidized by glycerol dehydrogenase. Only three pipettings are necessary for each reaction tube, and a large number of samples can be included in each assay.

Published
1970
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27. Long-term mutual phase locking of picosecond pulse pairs generated by a semiconductor nanowire laser

Author

Mayer, B., Regler, A., Sterzl, S., Stettner, T., Koblmüller, G., Kaniber, M., Lingnau, B., Lüdge, K., and Finley, J. J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

The ability to generate phase-stabilised trains of ultrafast laser pulses by mode-locking underpins photonics research in fields such as precision metrology and spectroscopy. However, the complexity of conventional mode-locked laser systems, combined with the need for a mechanism to induce active or passive phase locking between resonator modes, has hindered their realisation at the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate that GaAs-AlGaAs nanowire lasers are capable of emitting pairs of phase-locked picosecond laser pulses when subject to non-resonant pulsed optical excitation with a repetition frequency up to ~200GHz. By probing the two-pulse interference that emerges within the homogeneously broadened laser emission, we show that the optical phase is preserved over timescales extending beyond ~30ps, much longer than the emitted laser pulse duration (~2ps). Simulations performed by solving the optical Bloch equations produce good quantitative agreement with experiments, revealing how the phase information is stored in the gain medium close to transparency. Our results open the way to applications such as on-chip, ultra-sensitive Ramsey comb spectroscopy.

Published
2016
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28. Konzeption und Entwicklung eines Flipped Classroom-basierten Online-Softwarekurses für Medizinstatistik

Author

Muche, R, Allgöwer, A, Braisch, U, Meule, M, Mayer, B, Muche, R, Allgöwer, A, Braisch, U, Meule, M, and Mayer, B

Abstract

Teaching medical statistics for students of human medicine should include both theoretical content as well as its implementation in practice using statistical software. The training period with a software may be time-consuming individually, so there is a risk that imparting methodological skills comes up short in such courses. The flipped classroom concept aims at students to familiarize themselves with both the statistical software and the theoretical content in an individual learning phase prior to the course. Then, within an attendance course deepening both aspects under the lecturer's supervision is possible. Availability of the software as well as a variety of material to prepare the course are essential presumptions for the flipped classroom to be successful. We present the concept and implementation of an online flipped classroom course using the software SAS Studio. Students used their own devices (laptops or tablets) during the self-learning and examination phases, respectively. The pure online implementation in the flipped classroom setting enabled to contribute to an equalisation of the study plan. Moreover, even more students had the opportunity to participate in this practically oriented course in medical statistics. Initial evaluation results demonstrated that the course is well-accepted among students, while the students' performance level was similar when compared to a non-flipped teaching approach., Die Lehre in Medizinstatistik für Studierende der Humanmedizin sollte neben theoretischen Inhalten auch deren Umsetzung in die Praxis mit Hilfe von Statistiksoftware beinhalten. Da die Einarbeitungszeit in eine Software jedoch aufgrund individueller Unterschiede zeitintensiv sein kann, besteht die Gefahr, dass für die Vermittlung von Methodenkompetenz in solchen Kursen weniger Zeit bleibt. Das Flipped Classroom-Konzept erwartet von den Studierenden in einer individuellen asynchronen Lernphase, sich vor der Lehrveranstaltung sowohl mit der Statistiksoftware als auch mit den theoretischen Inhalten vertraut zu machen. Im (synchronen) Präsenzunterricht können dann beide Aspekte unter Anleitung der Lehrperson weiter vertieft werden. Für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung sind die Verfügbarkeit der betreffenden Software sowie unterschiedlicher Lehrmaterialien in der Vorbereitungsphase zentrale Voraussetzungen. Hier stellen wir die Konzeption und Entwicklung eines Flipped Classroom-Kurses im reinen Online-Format unter Verwendung der Software SAS Studio vor. Die Studierenden verwendeten in den Selbstlern- und Prüfungsphasen ihre eigenen Geräte (Laptops oder Tablets) zur Bearbeitung von Übungs- und Prüfungsaufgaben. Das reine Online-Format im Flipped Classroom-Setting ermöglichte es uns, zu einer Entzerrung des Stundenplans beizutragen und gleichzeitig deutlich mehr Studierenden als bisher diesen praxisorientieren Lernzugang zur Medizinstatistik anzubieten. Erste Evaluationsergebnisse zeigen eine gute Akzeptanz des Flipped Classroom-Konzeptes bei vergleichbarem Leistungsniveau im Vergleich zum bisherigen Lehrformat ohne Flipped Classroom-Ansatz.

Published
2024

29. Frequency-domain nonlinear optics in two-dimensionally patterned quasi-phase-matching media

Author

Phillips, C. R., Mayer, B. W., Gallmann, L., and Keller, U.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Advances in the amplification and manipulation of ultrashort laser pulses has led to revolutions in several areas. Examples include chirped pulse amplification for generating high peak-power lasers, power-scalable amplification techniques, pulse shaping via modulation of spatially-dispersed laser pulses, and efficient frequency-mixing in quasi-phase-matched nonlinear crystals to access new spectral regions. In this work, we introduce and demonstrate a new platform for nonlinear optics which has the potential to combine all of these separate functionalities (pulse amplification, frequency transfer, and pulse shaping) into a single monolithic device. Moreover, our approach simultaneously offers solutions to the performance-limiting issues in the conventionally-used techniques, and supports scaling in power and bandwidth of the laser source. The approach is based on two-dimensional patterning of quasi-phase-matching gratings combined with optical parametric interactions involving spatially dispersed laser pulses. Our proof of principle experiment demonstrates this new paradigm via mid-infrared optical parametric chirped pulse amplification of few-cycle pulses.

Published
2015
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30. Tunneling Breakdown of a Strongly Correlated Insulating State in VO$_2$ Induced by Intense Multi-Terahertz Excitation

Author

Mayer, B., Schmidt, C., Grupp, A., Bühler, J., Oelmann, J., Marvel, R. E., Haglund Jr., R. F., Oka, T., Brida, D., Leitenstorfer, A., and Pashkin, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We directly trace the near- and mid-infrared transmission change of a VO$_2$ thin film during an ultrafast insulator-to-metal transition triggered by high-field multi-terahertz transients. Non-thermal switching into a metastable metallic state is governed solely by the amplitude of the applied terahertz field. In contrast to resonant excitation below the threshold fluence, no signatures of excitonic self-trapping are observed. Our findings are consistent with the generation of spatially separated charge pairs and a cooperative transition into a delocalized metallic state by THz field-induced tunneling. The tunneling process is a condensed-matter analogue of the Schwinger effect in nonlinear quantum electrodynamics. We find good agreement with the pair production formula by replacing the Compton wavelength with an electronic correlation length of 2.1 $\AA$.

Published
2015
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31. Beneficial Effect of Remote Glucose Monitoring and Computerized Insulin Dose Adjustment Algorithms Independent of Insulin Dose Increases in Sizeable Minorities of Patients.

Author

Davidson, Mayer B., Davidson, S. Joshua, and Duran, Petra

Subjects
*PHARMACEUTICAL arithmetic, *GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin, *DATA analysis, *T-test (Statistics), *DRUG therapy, *EVALUATION of human services programs, *GLYCEMIC control, *PRIMARY health care, *INSULIN, *TREATMENT effectiveness, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *COMPUTERS in medicine, *COMMUNICATION, *PATIENT-professional relations, *STATISTICS, *ORDER entry, *BLOOD sugar monitoring, *ALGORITHMS, *DIABETES
Abstract

This article describes a program through which interactions every 2–3 weeks between patients and primary care clinicians (PCCs), with recommendations based on analysis of remote glucose monitoring by computerized insulin dose adjustment algorithms, significantly improved diabetes control. Insulin doses increased by 30% in the majority of patients. A sizeable minority (36%) had a decrease or no increase in insulin doses, but still showed an improvement in diabetes control. Frequent interactions allowed PCCs the opportunity to recognize and address medication nonadherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. Mépolizumab est associé à des bénéfices cliniques chez les patients atteints de polypose nasosinusienne, indépendamment de l’utilisation antérieure de corticostéroïdes systémiques

Author

Chupp, G., primary, Alobid, I., additional, Lugogo, N.L., additional, Kariyawasam, H.H., additional, Bourdin, A., additional, Chaker, A.M., additional, Smith, S.G., additional, Sousa, A.R., additional, Mayer, B., additional, Chan, R.H., additional, Matucci, A., additional, and Iaz Chachuat, L., additional

Published
2024
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38. Breakdown of the Dipole Approximation in Strong-Field Ionization

Author

Ludwig, A., Maurer, J., Mayer, B. W., Phillips, C. R., Gallmann, L., and Keller, U.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We report the breakdown of the electric dipole approximation in the long-wavelength limit in strong-field ionization with linearly polarized few-cycle mid-infrared laser pulses at intensities on the order of 10$^{13}$ W/cm$^2$. Photoelectron momentum distributions were recorded by velocity map imaging and projected onto the beam propagation axis. We observe an increasing shift of the peak of this projection opposite to the beam propagation direction with increasing laser intensities. From a comparison with semi-classical simulations, we identify the combined action of the magnetic field of the laser pulse and the Coulomb potential as origin of our observations., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures

Published
2014
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39. The Physics of the B Factories

Author

Bevan, A. J., Golob, B., Mannel, Th., Prell, S., Yabsley, B. D., Abe, K., Aihara, H., Anulli, F., Arnaud, N., Aushev, T., Beneke, M., Beringer, J., Bianchi, F., Bigi, I. I., Bona, M., Brambilla, N., rodzicka, J. B, Chang, P., Charles, M. J., Cheng, C. H., Cheng, H. -Y., Chistov, R., Colangelo, P., Coleman, J. P., Drutskoy, A., Druzhinin, V. P., Eidelman, S., Eigen, G., Eisner, A. M., Faccini, R., Flood, K. T ., Gambino, P., Gaz, A., Gradl, W., Hayashii, H., Higuchi, T., Hulsbergen, W. D., Hurth, T., Iijima, T., Itoh, R., Jackson, P. D., Kass, R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kou, E., Križan, P., Kronfeld, A., Kumano, S., Kwon, Y. J., Latham, T. E., Leith, D. W. G. S., Lüth, V., Martinez-Vidal, F., Meadows, B. T., Mussa, R., Nakao, M., Nishida, S., Ocariz, J., Olsen, S. L., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Palano, A., Pich, A., Playfer, S., Poluektov, A., Porter, F. C., Robertson, S. H., Roney, J. M., Roodman, A., Sakai, Y., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seidl, R., Sekula, S. J., Steinhauser, M., Sumisawa, K., Swanson, E. S., Tackmann, F., Trabelsi, K., Uehara, S., Uno, S., van der Water, R., Vasseur, G., Verkerke, W., Waldi, R., Wang, M. Z., Wilson, F. F., Zupan, J., Zupanc, A., Adachi, I., Albert, J., Banerjee, Sw., Bellis, M., Ben-Haim, E., Biassoni, P., Cahn, R. N., Cartaro, C., Chauveau, J., Chen, C., Chiang, C. C., Cowan, R., Dalseno, J., Davier, M., Davies, C., Dingfelder, J. C., nard, B. Eche, Epifanov, D., Fulsom, B. G., Gabareen, A. M., Gary, J. W., Godang, R., Graham, M. T., Hafner, A., Hamilton, B., Hartmann, T., Hayasaka, K., Hearty, C., Iwasaki, Y., Khodjamirian, A., Kusaka, A., Kuzmin, A., Lafferty, G. D., Lazzaro, A., Li, J., Lindemann, D., Long, O., Lusiani, A., Marchiori, G., Martinelli, M., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Muller, D. R., Nakazawa, H., Ongmongkolkul, P., Pacetti, S., Palombo, F., Pedlar, T. K., Piilonen, L. E., Pilloni, A., Poireau, V., Prothmann, K., Pulliam, T., Rama, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Roudeau, P., Schrenk, S., Schroeder, T., Schubert, K. R., Shen, C. P., Shwartz, B., Soffer, A., Solodov, E. P., Somov, A., Starič, M., Stracka, S., Telnov, A. V., Todyshev, K. Yu., Tsuboyama, T., Uglov, T., Vinokurova, A., Walsh, J. J., Watanabe, Y., Won, E., Wormser, G., Wright, D. H., Ye, S., Zhang, C. C., Abachi, S., Abashian, A., Abe, N., Abe, R., Abe, T., Abrams, G. S., Adam, I., Adamczyk, K., Adametz, A., Adye, T., Agarwal, A., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, S., Ahn, B. S., Ahn, H. S., Aitchison, I. J. R., Akai, K., Akar, S., Akatsu, M., Akemoto, M., Akhmetshin, R., Akre, R., Alam, M. S., Albert, J. N., Aleksan, R., Alexander, J. P., Alimonti, G., Allen, M. T., Allison, J., Allmendinger, T., Alsmiller, J. R. G., Altenburg, D., Alwyn, K. E., An, Q., Anderson, J., Andreassen, R., Andreotti, D., Andreotti, M., Andress, J. C., Angelini, C., Anipko, D., Anjomshoaa, A., Anthony, P. L., Antillon, E. A., Antonioli, E., Aoki, K., Arguin, J. F., Arinstein, K., Arisaka, K., Asai, K., Asai, M., Asano, Y., Asgeirsson, D. J., Asner, D. M., Aso, T., Aspinwall, M. L., Aston, D., Atmacan, H., Aubert, B., Aulchenko, V., Ayad, R., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Azzolini, V., Azzopardi, D. E., Baak, M. A., Back, J. J., Bagnasco, S., Bahinipati, S., Bailey, D. S., Bailey, S., Bailly, P., van Bakel, N., Bakich, A. M., Bala, A., Balagura, V., Baldini-Ferroli, R., Ban, Y., Banas, E., Band, H. R., Banerjee, S., Baracchini, E., Barate, R., Barberio, E., Barbero, M., Bard, D. J., Barillari, T., Barlow, N. R., Barlow, R. J., Barrett, M., Bartel, W., Bartelt, J., Bartoldus, R., Batignani, G., Battaglia, M., Bauer, J. M., Bay, A., Beaulieu, M., Bechtle, P., Beck, T. W., Becker, J., Becla, J., Bedny, I., Behari, S., Behera, P. K., Behn, E., Behr, L., Beigbeder, C., Beiline, D., Bell, R., Bellini, F., Bellodi, G., Belous, K., Benayoun, M., Benelli, G., Benitez, J. F., Benkebil, M., Berger, N., Bernabeu, J., Bernard, D., Bernet, R., Bernlochner, F. U., Berryhill, J. W., Bertsche, K., Besson, P., Best, D. S., Bettarini, S., Bettoni, D., Bhardwaj, V., Bhimji, W., Bhuyan, B., Biagini, M. E., Biasini, M., van Bibber, K., Biesiada, J., Bingham, I., Bionta, R. M., Bischofberger, M., Bitenc, U., Bizjak, I., Blanc, F., Blaylock, G., Blinov, V. E., Bloom, E., Bloom, P. C., Blount, N. L., Blouw, J., Bly, M., Blyth, S., Boeheim, C. T., Bomben, M., Bondar, A., Bondioli, M., Bonneaud, G. R., Bonvicini, G., Booke, M., Booth, J., Borean, C., Borgland, A. W., Borsato, E., Bosi, F., Bosisio, L., Botov, A. A., Bougher, J., Bouldin, K., Bourgeois, P., Boutigny, D., Bowerman, D. A., Boyarski, A. M., Boyce, R. F., Boyd, J. T., Bozek, A., Bozzi, C., Bračko, M., Brandenburg, G., Brandt, T., Brau, B., Brau, J., Breon, A. B., Breton, D., Brew, C., Briand, H., Bright-Thomas, P. G., Brigljević, V., Britton, D. I., Brochard, F., Broomer, B., Brose, J., Browder, T. E., Brown, C. L., Brown, C. M., Brown, D. 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R., Schietinger, T., Schilling, C. J., Schindler, R. H., Schmid, S., Schmitz, R. E., Schmuecker, H., Schneider, O., Schnell, G., Schönmeier, P., Schofield, K. C., Schott, G., Schröder, H., Schram, M., Schubert, J., Schümann, J., Schultz, J., Schumm, B. A., Schune, M. H., Schwanke, U., Schwarz, H., Schwiening, J., Schwierz, R., Schwitters, R. F., Sciacca, C., Sciolla, G., Scott, I. J., Seeman, J., Seiden, A., Seitz, R., Seki, T., Sekiya, A. I., Semenov, S., Semmler, D., Sen, S., Senyo, K., Seon, O., Serbo, V. V., Serednyakov, S. I., Serfass, B., Serra, M., Serrano, J., Settai, Y., Seuster, R., Sevior, M. E., Shakhova, K. V., Shang, L., Shapkin, M., Sharma, V., Shebalin, V., Shelkov, V. G., Shen, B. C., Shen, D. Z., Shen, Y. T., Sherwood, D. J., Shibata, T., Shibata, T. A., Shibuya, H., Shidara, T., Shimada, K., Shimoyama, M., Shinomiya, S., Shiu, J. G., Shorthouse, H. W., Shpilinskaya, L. I., Sibidanov, A., Sicard, E., Sidorov, A., Sidorov, V., Siegle, V., Sigamani, M., Simani, M. 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M., Zhulanov, V., Ziegler, T., Ziegler, V., Zioulas, G., Zisman, M., Zito, M., Zürcher, D., Zwahlen, N., Zyukova, O., Živko, T., and Žontar, D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C. Please note that version 3 on the archive is the auxiliary version of the Physics of the B Factories book. This uses the notation alpha, beta, gamma for the angles of the Unitarity Triangle. The nominal version uses the notation phi_1, phi_2 and phi_3. Please cite this work as Eur. Phys. J. C74 (2014) 3026., Comment: 928 pages, version 3 (arXiv:1406.6311v3) corresponds to the alpha, beta, gamma version of the book, the other versions use the phi1, phi2, phi3 notation

Published
2014
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40. C-MORE Science Kits as a Classroom Learning Tool

Author

Foley, J. M., Bruno, B. C., Tolman, R. T., Kagami, R. S., Hsia, M. H., Mayer, B., and Inazu, J. K.

Abstract

To support teachers in enhancing ocean literacy, the Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE) has developed a series of portable, hands-on science kits on selected topics in oceanography. This paper provides an overview of kit content, describes how the kits were developed, and evaluates their efficacy as a curriculum supplement in formal classroom environments by using two studies, a qualitative assessment of teacher experience and a quantitative assessment of student learning. The teacher surveys (n = 45) indicate the kits were used in a wide range of class types and grade levels, describe the kits as useful classroom tools that actively engaged students and resulted in meaningful learning, and strongly indicate that the teachers plan to continue to use the kits in the future. The student learning assessment (n = 1,236) employed a pretest, posttest 1, and posttest 2 methodology. The pretest and posttest 1 were given immediately before and after instruction, respectively; posttest 2 was given at least 2 weeks after instruction. Engaging with the science kits resulted in significant knowledge acquisition (pretest-posttest 1 mean differences of 0.21-0.41) and retention (pretest-posttest 2 mean differences of 0.18 to 0.39), with significance defined at the a = 0.05 level. In the 2 weeks after kit instruction, all kits showed a slight, nonsignificant loss in knowledge (mean differences of -0.01 to -0.04). Together, the teacher and student evaluations indicate that the C-MORE kits are effective classroom tools that can serve as a model for hands-on curriculum supplements.

Published
2013

42. Lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis impairs M2R-GIRK signaling in the mouse sinoatrial node

Author

Shrestha, N, Zorn-Pauly, K, Mesirca, P, Koyani, C, Wölkart, G, Biase, V, Torre, E, Lang, P, Gorischek, A, Schreibmayer, W, Arnold, R, Maechler, H, Mayer, B, von Lewinski, D, Torrente, A, Mangoni, M, Pelzmann, B, Scheruebel, S, Shrestha N., Zorn-Pauly K., Mesirca P., Koyani C. N., Wölkart G., Biase V. D., Torre E., Lang P., Gorischek A., Schreibmayer W., Arnold R., Maechler H., Mayer B., von Lewinski D., Torrente A. G., Mangoni M. E., Pelzmann B., Scheruebel S., Shrestha, N, Zorn-Pauly, K, Mesirca, P, Koyani, C, Wölkart, G, Biase, V, Torre, E, Lang, P, Gorischek, A, Schreibmayer, W, Arnold, R, Maechler, H, Mayer, B, von Lewinski, D, Torrente, A, Mangoni, M, Pelzmann, B, Scheruebel, S, Shrestha N., Zorn-Pauly K., Mesirca P., Koyani C. N., Wölkart G., Biase V. D., Torre E., Lang P., Gorischek A., Schreibmayer W., Arnold R., Maechler H., Mayer B., von Lewinski D., Torrente A. G., Mangoni M. E., Pelzmann B., and Scheruebel S.

Abstract

Sepsis has emerged as a global health burden associated with multiple organ dysfunction and 20% mortality rate in patients. Numerous clinical studies over the past two decades have correlated the disease severity and mortality in septic patients with impaired heart rate variability (HRV), as a consequence of impaired chronotropic response of sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemaker activity to vagal/parasympathetic stimulation. However, the molecular mechanism(s) downstream to parasympathetic inputs have not been investigated yet in sepsis, particularly in the SAN. Based on electrocardiography, fluorescence Ca2+ imaging, electrophysiology, and protein assays from organ to subcellular level, we report that impaired muscarinic receptor subtype 2-G protein-activated inwardly-rectifying potassium channel (M2R-GIRK) signaling in a lipopolysaccharide-induced proxy septic mouse model plays a critical role in SAN pacemaking and HRV. The parasympathetic responses to a muscarinic agonist, namely IKACh activation in SAN cells, reduction in Ca2+ mobilization of SAN tissues, lowering of heart rate and increase in HRV, were profoundly attenuated upon lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. These functional alterations manifested as a direct consequence of reduced expression of key ion-channel components (GIRK1, GIRK4, and M2R) in the mouse SAN tissues and cells, which was further evident in the human right atrial appendages of septic patients and likely not mediated by the common proinflammatory cytokines elevated in sepsis.

Published
2023

43. Non-perturbative Interband Response of InSb Driven Off-resonantly by Few-cycle Electromagnetic Transients

Author

Junginger, F., Mayer, B., Schmidt, C., Schubert, O., Mährlein, S., Leitenstorfer, A., Huber, R., and Pashkin, A.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Intense multi-THz pulses are used to study the coherent nonlinear response of bulk InSb by means of field-resolved four-wave mixing spectroscopy. At amplitudes above 5 MV/cm the signals show a clear temporal substructure which is unexpected in perturbative nonlinear optics. Simulations based on a two-level quantum system demonstrate that in spite of the strongly off-resonant character of the excitation the high-field pulses drive the interband resonances into a non-perturbative regime of Rabi flopping., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
2012
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50. Labor-Environmental Coalition Formation: Framing and the Right to Know

Author

Mayer, B, Brown, P, and Morello-Frosch, R

Subjects
blue-green coalitions, collective action, environment movement, framing, labor movement, politics, Sociology
Abstract

This article examines the formation of a cross-movement coalition between elements of the labor and environmental movements in New Jersey. We explain the successful formation and initial political campaign of the New Jersey Work Environment Council with an expansion of the theoretical perspective of frame analysis. We propose a model of a coalition collective action frame that offers several important insights into the active role coalition actors play in the construction of a common frame uniting union and environmental activists. Using qualitative data gathered from interviews, observations, and document analyses of two major campaigns, we argue that the coalition frame allowed new political opportunities to be created, leading to the establishment of the most sweeping right-to-know laws in the United States. We conclude the discussion of coalition framing by examining political constraints on the framing possibilities of coalitions, specifically by exploring how the discursive shift from the right to know to the right to act failed to expand the influence of the cross-movement coalition as originally expected by its members. © 2010 Eastern Sociological Society.

Published
2010

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