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Introduction. Adolescence is regarded as a formative period for political development. One important developmental context is media. Negative media valence of political content can foster populistic attitudes, which in turn decreases support of political institutions, such as the EU. Because media valence effects are short-lived, this study examined intra-individual associations of media valence with European identity commitment and affect towards the EU, as well as indirect effects via populistic attitudes across 10 days. Methods. We implemented a 10-day daily diary study with 371 adolescents from Germany (January to February 2022). Adolescents were on average 14.24 years old (SD = 0.55) and 60.4% were female. We estimated the hypothesized associations using multilevel structural equation models and dynamic structural equation models. Results. We found significant associations between populistic attitudes and negative affect towards the EU on the same day and the next day. The lagged effect became non-significant, when including both same day and lagged effects into one model. Populistic attitudes were not significantly associated with European identity commitment within days or across days. Negative media content was associated with higher populistic attitudes on the same day and indirectly associated with negative affect towards the EU (b = -0.01, 95% CI [-0.004, -0.010]). Conclusion. Negatively perceived political media content was associated with higher populistic attitudes and more negative affect towards the EU concurrently. Our results imply that media plays an important role for adolescents’ development.

Infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a common human parasite, has been reported as a risk factor for suicide and suicidal behavior. In recent years, studies have shown that chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii may have an effect on the development of mental disorders, also concerning suicidal behaviour with varying elevation of odds of suicide attempt. (Akgül et al., 2021; Soleymani et al., 2020). There is no recent meta-analysis reviewing the correlation between Toxoplasmosis on the one hand and suicidal as well as parasuicidal behaviour (auto-aggression, self-injury, self-harm) on the other hand. Thus, our meta-analysis aims to clarify the association between T. gondii infections and suicide/suicidal behavior.

Adolescent and young adult substance use is a major public health concern. The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented effects on daily life and mental health. Studies show changes in substance use, but findings are conflicting. Understanding the pandemic's impact and following up on post-pandemic trends is crucial for developing prevention measures and targeted interventions to support young people's well-being. Thus, we explore, describe and analyze substance use patterns among German-speaking adolescents and young adults prior to the COVID-19 pandemic through the spring of 2023.

Anthropogenic pressures threaten the provision of marine and coastal ecosystem services (MCES) that are essential for human well-being. Ecosystem-based marine spatial management that is informed by mapping and assessing MCES and pressures is needed. Using an expert-based matrix approach based on literature findings, this study maps and assesses the potential capacity of MCES provision in Sines. The results show that provisioning services are potentially provided at high levels, whereas regulatory and cultural services are only provided by certain habitats. The potential pressures were identified, which relate mainly to the maritime-industrial complex in Sines. An expert survey was conducted to obtain more precise data, the results of which cannot yet be presented.

The aim of this Systematic Review is to critically address the heterogeneous data of potential COVID-19 related effects on the prevalence rate of postpartum PTSD. This paper sets out to summarize the current state of research, improve the understanding of this research field and describe deficiencies in previous data sets.

The following preregistration includes cross-sectional data from the first inquiry period alone. We try to answere the questions: RQ1: Which classes of European identity emerge within a sample of adolescents living in Germany? RQ2: What predicts class membership for European identity?

Background: Viruses significantly affect global health. The few available viricidal and antiviral therapies are expensive and often associated with unwanted side effects. Functional foods as plant extracts (nutraceuticals) are epigenetically active, and multi-target antiviral compounds that affect several steps of the viral life cycle and host proteins. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate host and viral gene expression and are responsible for the fine-tuning of gene expression by controlling the expression of their target messenger RNAs (mRNA) in host cells and viruses. Several plant ingredients have been proven to be active against RNA virus infections. Obviously, miRNAs play a central role in the regulation of gene transcription in viral replication and host immune defense. A healthy diet and nutraceuticals can support the fine-tuning of miRNAs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of epigenetic active phytoceuticals and/or functional foods on immune relevant miRNAs and mRNAs in a healthy human study population. Methods: In a 2-month human intervention study (n=80), a mix of plant extracts (sage extract, green tea extract, berberine, apple extract, onion extract, elderberry extract, and grape skin extract) with proven activity against RNA viruses were examined for the change of miRNA and mRNA patterns involved in virus response systems. Lifestyle and nutritional behavior, including self-reported stress levels, as well as infection frequency as potential cofounders have been raised. Results: The intervention with secondary plant extracts could modulate the expression of miRNAs involved in the virus defense (miR-30e, miR-877, miR-150) and the expression of NF-κB. The intervention also increased miRNA expression patterns associated with a positive lifestyle. The intervention adapted miRNAs that correlate with an increased risk of infection, smoking, stress, and processed meat products.Conclusion: Plant extracts can enhance the beneficial effects of a healthy nutrition and lifestyle by modulating miRNAs. MiRNAs are promising drug targets for maintaining immune homeostasis.Keywords: antiviral, epigenetic active nutraceutical, miRNA, secondary plant extracts, virus response, plant ingredients, functional foods

Background and Purpose: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a class of oral glucose-lowering drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In a pilot study using human kidney biopsies, we observed high DPP-4 expression in early crescent formation. This glomerular lesion occurs in different kidney diseases and is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated the potential involvement of DPP-4 in the pathogenesis of nephritis induced by anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody in rats. Experimental Approach: Linagliptin and vehicle were used to treat anti-GBM nephritis in a 2- and 8- week regimen, that was either preventive or therapeutic (treatment started 7 days or 4 weeks after disease induction). Kidney function, morphologic changes, inflammation and fibrosis were monitored. Key Results: In the long-term experiment, linagliptin preventive treatment in anti-GBM nephritic rats significantly reduced the number of crescents, glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury and renal fibrosis, compared with those in untreated nephritic rats. Both linagliptin regimens significantly lowered the number of Pax8+ cells on the glomerular tuft in anti-GBM nephritis, indicating accelerated resolution of the cellular crescents. The linagliptin treatment did not change the number but the podocyte stress in both treated groups. Therapeutic intervention with linagliptin resulted in weaker amelioration of renal disease on week 8 than did preventive intervention. Conclusion and Implications DPP-4 inhibition with linagliptin ameliorates renal injury in a rat model of anti-GBM, indicating that linagliptin not only is a secure therapy in diabetes but also can improve resolution of glomerular injury and healing in non-diabetic renal disease. Hintergrund und Ziele: Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPP4) - Inhibitoren sind eine Substanzklasse von blutzuckersenkenden Medikamenten für die Behandlung von Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. In eigenen Vorstudien an humanen Nierenbiopsien beobachteten wir eine hohe DPP4- Expression in frühen glomerulären Halbmonden. Diese glomerulären Läsionen treten in verschiedenen Nierenerkrankungen auf und sind ein Kennzeichen für einen schweren Nierenschaden. Deshalb untersuchten wir, ob und auf welche Art und Weise die DPP4 bei der Pathogenese einer anti-GBM-Glomerulonephritis im Rattenmodell beteiligt ist. Methoden: Wistar Kyoto Ratten mit induzierter anti-GBM-Glomerulonephritis wurden in einem zwei- oder achtwöchigen Therapieregime (je n=44) oral mit dem DPP4- Inhibitor Linagliptin behandelt (3 mg/kg Körpergewicht): entweder präventiv mit Therapiebeginn am Tag der Krankheitsinduktion oder therapeutisch 7 Tage nach Studienbeginn in der Kurzzeit- bzw. nach 4 Wochen in der Langzeit-Studie bis jeweils zum Endpunkt nach 14 Tagen bzw. nach 8 Wochen. In beiden Experimenten wurden eine gesunde Kontroll- und eine unbehandelte anti-GBM-nephritische Gruppe eingeschlossen. Alle Gruppen bestanden jeweils aus 11 Tieren. Die Nierenfunktion, morphologische Veränderungen, Entzündung und Fibrose in den Nieren, besonders in den Glomeruli, wurden zu mehreren Zeitpunkten untersucht. Ergebnisse: Im Langzeit- Experiment reduzierte eine präventive Linagliptin- Behandlung signifikant die Anzahl an glomerulären Halbmonden, die Glomerulosklerose, den tubulären Schaden und die renale Fibrose in den anti-GBM-nephritischen Ratten im Vergleich zu unbehandelten erkrankten Ratten. In beiden Linagliptin- Gruppen wurde eine signifikante Abnahme an Pax8- positiven Zellen auf dem glomerulären Tuft erreicht. Dies zeigte eine verstärkte Auflösung der zellulären Halbmonde auf. Die Therapie mit Linagliptin konnte die Anzahl an Podozyten nicht erhöhen, aber den podozytären Stress in beiden behandelten Gruppen vermindern. Insgesamt erbrachte die therapeutische Intervention eine geringere Verbesserung der Nierenerkrankung nach 8 Wochen verglichen zur präventiven Therapievariante. Schlussfolgerungen: Die DPP4- Inhibition mit Linagliptin verbessert renalen Schaden in der anti-GBM-Glomerulonephritis im Rattenmodell. So stellt Linagliptin nicht nur eine sichere Therapieoption bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 dar, sondern kann auch die Auflösung und Ausheilung von glomerulären Schäden in anderen, diabetesunabhängigen Nierenerkrankungen verbessern.

The 1970s in West Germany were a tumultuous decade: Terrorist groups declared war on the political and economic elites, tabloids created a widespread sense of insecurity, and the government developed an intrusive surveillance apparatus by adopting emerging technologies. Focusing on this pivotal decade, this project investigates how early digital surveillance enters film and literature.Two structures are at the center of my analysis: grids and networks. Grids, whether used on maps or in databases, are static. They are tools for ruling spaces. In contrast, networks ceaselessly establish connections. They undermine regulatory structures. In the 1970s the West German police force undergoes a drastic change: Analog files are digitized, and a comprehensive database is put in place. For the first time, network technology was used for surveillance on a national scale. Grids and networks, I argue, become structures through which the novel make-up of the digital surveillance apparatus is rendered subject to debate within the fictional realm.Four works are central to my analysis: In Volker Schlöndorff and Margarethe von Trotta’s film Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum (The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum, 1975) I read architectonic grids as an extension of the intrusive investigation to which the protagonist Blum is subjected. In Friedrich Christian Delius’ novel Ein Held der inneren Sicherheit (A Domestic Security Hero, 1981) rhizomatic structures, such as hives of insects, enter the grids of corporate high-rises that were targeted by terrorists. Delius’ novel Himmelfahrt eines Staatsfeindes (Ascension of an Enemy of the State, 1992) closely engages with governmental surveillance in describing a network of apparti collecting information in an all-encompassing database. And Rainald Goetz’ novel Kontrolliert (Controlled, 1988) is permeated by rhizomatic structures that defy grids’ inherent compartmentalization. Goetz describes surveillance as a process of transcribing. The grids and networks of these cinematic and literary works negotiate a new concept of surveillance that is tied to the interception of networks to collect information on the entire West German population.

This report is an analysis of the problems facing urban areas in relation to their preschool programs for the disadvantaged. The main focus is New York City day care centers. Subjects include day care and preschool education, history of the origin and expansion of day care centers, New York City's day care, and educational issues encompassing legislative proposals, sectarianism, and religious issues. Chapter VI relates to national problems and discusses various states' solutions. The following subjects are also discussed: the interpretations of day care's responsibility, the validity of its solutions, new agencies with related functions, new federal legislation, and new theories of education and child development. The report ends with a proposal for the beginners' day school. (DO)

eingereicht von Anna-Lena Mayer Literaturverzeichnis: Blatt 95-99 Abstract/Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, Masterarbeit, 2021 (VLID)6511828

En aquest treball s'exposen les alternatives agroecològiques, existents als micropobles de Catalunya, en contraposició al model agrari industrial i els efectes que comporta al món rural la seva implementació. A través d'entrevistes semi-estructurades, es valoren quatre projectes agroecològics (Formatges Pujol-Orra, Tresors del Cadí, El Ramat Eco i Can Mestre), per entendre en quina mesura estan aportant al territori els valors teòrics que estableixen els models de desenvolupament rural alternatius basats en l'agroecologia i la sobirania alimentària. Els resultats es donen en forma de llistat de punts forts que aporten al territori, i punts febles o dificultats amb les que es troben els projectes estudiats. En este trabajo se exponen las alternativas agroecológicas, existentes en los micropueblos de Cataluña, en contraposición al modelo agrario industrial y los efectos que comporta en el mundo rural su implementación. A través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, se valoran cuatro proyectos agroecológicos (Quesos Pujol-Orra, Tesoros del Cadí, El Ramat Eco y Can Mestre), para entender en qué medida están aportando al territorio los valores teóricos que establecen los modelos de desarrollo rural alternativos basados ​​en la agroecología y la soberanía alimentaria. Los resultados se dan en forma de listado de puntos fuertes que aportan al territorio y puntos débiles o dificultades con las que se encuentran los proyectos estudiados. This article presents the agro-ecological alternatives that exist in the micro-villages of Catalonia, in contrast to the industrial agrarian model and the effects that its implementation has on the rural world. Through semi-structured interviews, four agro-ecological projects (Cheeses Pujol-Orra, Tresors del Cadí, El Ramat Eco and Can Mestre) are assessed, in order to understand to what extent they are contributing to the territory the theoretical values ​​established by the development models. rural alternatives based on agroecology and food sovereignty. The results are given in the form of a list of strengths that contribute to the territory, and weaknesses or difficulties that the studied projects face.

This daily diary study is embedded within the longitudinal cooperation project JUROP (Youth and Europe: between Polarization and Cohesion, https://jurop.uni-jena.de/) and draws its participants from JUROP’s participants. We will include data from JUROP’s daily diary study and complement it with information from the first measurement point of the questionnaire study. All data were collected between September 2021 and July 2022. Our aim is to examine and explain daily fluctuations of European identity commitment and negative affects towards the EU. We predict an indirect effect of media valence on European identity commitment and negative affect towards the EU mediated by populistic attitudes (within-person level). Furthermore, we predict that these within-person links will be different depending on individuals’ identity status (Eckstein, Körner & Noack, in prep) or identity class (Mayer & Jugert, in prep).