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O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito anti-inflamatório do dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) em cadelas diagnosticadas com neoplasia mamária e submetidas à mastectomia unilateral associada com a ovariohisterectomia pelo acesso abdominal lateral (flanco). Foram utilizadas 20 cadelas de raça e massa corpórea variadas, e diagnosticadas com neoplasia mamária pelo exame citopatológico. Todos os animais foram submetidos à mastectomia unilateral e o DMSO, na dose de 1 g/kg, foi administrado por via intravenosa, 15 minutos antes do término do procedimento cirúrgico (15PRE), 24 (24hPOS) e 48 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico (48hPOS). As variáveis avaliadas incluíram a frequência respiratória, frequência cardíaca, temperatura corpórea, eritrograma, leucograma, bioquímica sanguínea sérica, aspecto macroscópico da ferida cirúrgica e efeitos colaterais do DMSO. Os parâmetros clínicos não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os momentos avaliados. Os valores da temperatura corporal apresentaram um aumento significativo entre 15PRE e 24hPOS, 15PRE e 48hPOS. Os valores dos eritrócitos, hemoglobina, plaquetas, proteína sérica total e alanina aminotransferase apresentaram variações significativas ao longo dos momentos avaliados, porém permaneceram no padrão fisiológico da espécie. De acordo com os resultados, concluiu-se que o DMSO possui uma ação anti-inflamatória em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia unilateral associada com a ovariohisterectomia pelo acesso abdominal lateral (flanco), e seguro quando administrado na dose de 1 g/kg por via intravenosa durante três dias.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:58:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-12 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background. The UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional feline pain assessment scale (UFEPS) is a valid and reliable instrument for acute pain assessment in cats. However, its limitations are that responsiveness was not tested using a negative control group, it was validated only for ovariohysterectomy, and it can be time-consuming. We aimed to evaluate the construct and criterion validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the UFEPS and its novel short form (SF) in various clinical or painful surgical conditions. Methods. Ten client-owned healthy controls (CG) and 40 client-owned cats requiring pain management for clinical or surgical care (20 clinical and 20 surgery group (12 orthopedic and eight soft tissue surgeries) were recruited. Three evaluators assessed pain, in real-time, in clinical cases before and 20 min after rescue analgesia and in surgical cases before and up to 6.5 hours postoperatively, by using the visual analog, numerical ratio, and a simple descriptive scale, in this order, followed by the UFEPSSF, UFEPS and Glasgow multidimensional feline pain (Glasgow CMPS-Feline) in random order. For the surgical group, rescue analgesia (methadone 0.2 mg/kg IM or IV and/or dipyrone 12.5 mg/kg IV) was performed when the UFEPS-SF score was ≥4 or exceptionally according to clinical judgement. If a third interventional analgesia was required, methadone (0.1–0.2 mg/kg IM) and ketamine (1 mg/kg IM) were administered. For the clinical group, all cats received rescue analgesia (methadone 0.1–0.2 mg/kg IM or IV or nalbuphine 0.5 mg/kg IM or IV), according to the clinician in charge, regardless of pain scores. Construct (1—comparison of scores in cats undergoing pain vs pain-free control cats by unpaired Wilcoxon-test and 2—responsiveness to analgesia by paired Wilcoxon test) and concurrent criterion validity (Spearman correlation of the total score among scales), inter-rater reliability, specificity and sensitivity were calculated for each scale (α = 0.05). Results. Reliability ranged between moderate and good for the UFEPS and UFEPS-SF (confidence intervals of intraclass coefficients = 0.73–0.86 and 0.63–0.82 respectively). The Spearman correlation between UFEPS and UFEPS-SF was 0.85, and their correlation with Glasgow CMPS-Feline was strong (0.79 and 0.78 respectively), confirming criterion validity. All scales showed construct validity or responsiveness (higher scores of cats with clinical and postoperative pain vs healthy controls, and the reduction in scores after rescue analgesia). The sensitivity and specificity of the UFEPS, UFEPSSF and Glasgow CMPS-Feline were moderate (sensitivity 83.25, 78.60% and 74.28%; specificity 72.00, 84.67 and 70.00%, respectively). Conclusions. Both UFEPS and UFEPS-SF showed appropriate concurrent validity, responsiveness, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity for feline acute pain assessment in cats with various clinical and orthopedic and soft tissue surgical conditions. Department of Surgical Specialties and Anesthesiology Medical School São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (Unesp) Département de Sciences Cliniques Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Université de Montréal Department of Surgical Specialties and Anesthesiology Medical School São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (Unesp) FAPESP: 2017/12815-0

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:38:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Background: The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) is the only bear species inhabiting South America and is classified as vulnerable according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Among the few publications on the use of general anesthesia and advanced monitoring of ursids in veterinary hospital settings, little is described regarding chemical restraint, general anesthesia and monitoring of spectacled bears. This case series describes the use of a dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam chemical restraint combination and its effects on cardiorespiratory variables and arterial blood gases observed in two spectacled bears undergoing isoflurane anesthesia for imaging and/or surgical procedures. Cases: Two female, one adult and one senile, all-term captive spectacled bears were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Botucatu campus, both with a presumable history of recent trauma. After immobilization with an intramuscular (IM) administration of tiletamine-zolazepam (3.8 - 4.3 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (6.4 - 7.6 µg/kg), induction of anesthesia was achieved by means of intravenous (IV) propofol (1 - 2 mg/kg). After orotracheal intubation animals underwent isoflurane anesthesia under mechanical ventilation through the remainder of the procedures. Initial settings of inspiratory flow rate were adjusted to obtain peak airway pressure (Ppeak) of 10 cmH2O and tidal volumes (Vt) of 10 mL/kg, as well as respiratory rates (ƒR) and inspiration-to-expiration (I:E) ratio of 10 breaths/min and 1:2, respectively, and were then adjusted throughout anesthesia to maintain normocapnia (end-tidal carbon dioxide concentrations between 35 and 45 mmHg). One of the individuals was chemically restrained (6.4 mg/kg of tiletamine-zolazepam and 7.7 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine) on a second anesthetic event for imaging procedures. Arterial blood gas analysis were performed with animals breathing room air and oxygen-enriched air. Both animals exhibited severe hypoxemia (partial pressure of oxygen [PaO2] < 60 mmHg) while breathing room air (inspired oxygen fraction [FiO2] ≅ 0.21). An impaired blood oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2 < 400) was still observed despite mechanical ventilation and the provision of 1.0 FiO2. Alveolar recruitment maneuvers (3 sequential mechanical sights with Ppeak at 20 - 30 cmH2O during 15 - 30 s each) were then performed, which resulted in improved PaO2/FiO2 ratios. All other blood gas, electrolytes and acid-base variables did not appear to be importantly altered by chemical restraint and general anesthesia. Discussion: In spite of severe hypoxemia recorded in animals breathing room air, dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam resulted in reliable chemical restraints and is a feasible option for immobilizing spectacled bears. Hypoxemia is the most commonly described complication in bear anesthesia, and was also evidenced in the present report. However, low PaO2/FiO2 ratios tend to be paralleled by hypoventilation and therefore counteracted by oxygen supplementation in bears, which was not observed in the present report. In fact, blood oxygenation only reached acceptable values after alveolar recruitment maneuvers, which is compatible with an atelectasis-related hypoxemia. Ideally, inhalant anesthesia or field chemical restraint should be accompanied by advanced monitoring (cardiorespiratory variables and blood gas analysis) until further studies address the management of hypoxemia in spectacled bear. Advanced monitoring was of major importance for a safe outcome and an uneventful recovery in this species. Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP Department of Surgery School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP Department of Anesthesiology Medical School - UNESP Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP Department of Anesthesiology Medical School - UNESP