Author: "Maya Williams" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

89 results on '"Maya Williams"'

1. Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Psoralen-Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Nonhuman Primates

Author: John W. Sanders, Daniel Ewing, Appavu K. Sundaram, Christopher Scott Gamble, Maria Blevins, Zhaodong Liang, Leigh Ann Sanders, David A. Ornelles, Peifang Sun, Klara Lenart, Hendrik Feuerstein, Karin Loré, Nikolai Petrovsky, Maya Williams, and Kevin R. Porter
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 PsIV, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, conformational epitopes, Advax-CpG, Medicine
Abstract: COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly impacted public health and the economy worldwide. Most of the currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines act by inhibiting the receptor-binding function of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The constant emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants resulting from mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) leads to vaccine immune evasion and underscores the importance of broadly acting COVID-19 vaccines. Inactivated whole virus vaccines can elicit broader immune responses to multiple epitopes of several antigens and help overcome such immune evasions. We prepared a psoralen-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (SARS-CoV-2 PsIV) and evaluated its immunogenicity and efficacy in nonhuman primates (NHPs) when administered with the Advax-CpG adjuvant. We also evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 PsIV as a booster shot in animals vaccinated with a DNA vaccine that can express the full-length spike protein. The Advax-CpG-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 PsIV elicited a dose-dependent neutralizing antibody response in the NHPs, as measured using a serum microneutralization assay against the SARS-CoV-2 Washington strain and the Delta variant. The animals vaccinated with the DNA vaccine followed by a boosting dose of the SARS-CoV-2 PsIV exhibited the highest neutralizing antibody responses and were able to quickly clear infection after an intranasal challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. Overall, the data show that the Advax-CpG-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 PsIV, either by itself or as a booster shot following nucleic acid (NA) vaccines, has the potential to protect against emerging variants.
Published: 2024
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2. Tetravalent dengue DNA vaccine is not immunogenic when delivered by retrograde infusion into salivary glands

Author: Guy El Helou, Todd A. Ponzio, Joseph F. Goodman, Maria Blevins, David L. Caudell, Kanakatte S. Raviprakash, Daniel Ewing, Maya Williams, Kevin R. Porter, and John W. Sanders
Subjects: Salivary gland infusion, Tetravalent dengue vaccine, DNA vaccine, Non-human primate, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962
Abstract: Abstract Introduction and background A tetravalent DNA vaccine for Dengue virus is under development but has not yet achieved optimal immunogenicity. Salivary glands vaccination has been reported efficacious in rodents and dogs. We report on a pilot study testing the salivary gland as a platform for a Dengue DNA vaccine in a non-human primate model. Materials and methods Four cynomolgus macaques were used in this study. Each macaque was pre-medicated with atropine and sedated with ketamine. Stensen’s duct papilla was cannulated with a P10 polyethylene tube, linked to a 500ul syringe. On the first two infusions, all macaques were infused with 300ul of TVDV mixed with 2 mg of zinc. For the 3rd infusion, to increase transfection into salivary tissue, two animals received 100uL TVDV mixed with 400uL polyethylenimine 1μg/ml (PEI) and the other two animals received 500uL TVDV with zinc. Antibody titers were assessed 4 weeks following the second and third infusion. Results and conclusions SGRI through Stensen’s duct is a well-tolerated, simple and easy to reproduce procedure. TVDV infused into macaques salivary glands elicited a significantly weaker antibody response than with different delivery methods.
Published: 2020
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3. Enhanced Immunogenicity of Inactivated Dengue Vaccines by Novel Polysaccharide-Based Adjuvants in Mice

Author: Shuenn-Jue Wu, Dan Ewing, Appavu K. Sundaram, Hua-Wei Chen, Zhaodong Liang, Ying Cheng, Vihasi Jani, Peifang Sun, Gregory D. Gromowski, Rafael A. De La Barrera, Megan A. Schilling, Nikolai Petrovsky, Kevin R. Porter, and Maya Williams
Subjects: dengue virus, formalin inactivation, psoralen inactivation, dengue vaccine, polysaccharide-based adjuvants, Advax™ adjuvants, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Dengue fever, caused by any of four dengue viruses (DENV1-4), is a major global burden. Currently, there is no effective vaccine that prevents infection in dengue naïve populations. We tested the ability of two novel adjuvants (Advax-PEI and Advax-2), using aluminum hydroxide (alum) as control, to enhance the immunogenicity of formalin- or psoralen-inactivated (PIV or PsIV) DENV2 vaccines in mice. Mice were vaccinated on days 0 and 30, and serum samples were collected on days 30, 60, 90, and 101. Neutralizing antibodies were determined by microneutralization (MN) assays, and the geometric mean 50% MN (MN50) titers were calculated. For the PIV groups, after one dose MN50 titers were higher in the novel adjuvant groups compared to the alum control, while MN50 titers were comparable between the adjuvant groups after the second dose. For the PsIV groups, both novel adjuvants induced higher MN50 titers than the alum control after the second dose. Spleen cells were collected on days 45 and 101 for enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) for IFNγ and IL4. Both PIV and PsIV groups elicited different degrees of IFNγ and IL4 responses. Overall, Advax-2 gave the best responses just ahead of Advax-PEI. Given Advax-2’s extensive human experience in other vaccine applications, it will be pursued for further development.
Published: 2022
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4. A Scoping Review of Colorism in Schools: Academic, Social, and Emotional Experiences of Students of Color

Author: Jandel Crutchfield, Latocia Keyes, Maya Williams, and Danielle R. Eugene
Subjects: colorism, skin color bias, implicit bias, students of color, public schools, academic outcomes, Social Sciences
Abstract: Students of color experience academic, social, and emotional challenges due to colorism in schools. The purpose of this scoping review is to compare the experiences with colorism of students from varying racial backgrounds (African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, and Latin) in U.S. public schools. It is predicted that the understudied group of Latinx and indigenous students of color will uniquely experience colorism in academic settings when compared to African American and Asian students. A 30 article literature review utilizing search dates from 1990 to 2020 was conducted employing a scoping review framework. Themes emerged that include: the privileging of lighter skin and more Eurocentric features in academic outcomes, the complicated social status created for students of color experiencing colorism in schools, and the increased potential for emotional challenges as a result of colorism. This review highlights possible school reform efforts to affirm all skin tones, reduce colorist biases, and offer mediation to mitigate colorist experiences in the school environment.
Published: 2022
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5. Immunogenicity of Adjuvanted Psoralen-Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein DNA Vaccines in BALB/c Mice

Author: Appavu K. Sundaram, Daniel Ewing, Zhaodong Liang, Vihasi Jani, Ying Cheng, Peifang Sun, Kanakatte Raviprakash, Shuenn-Jue Wu, Nikolai Petrovsky, Gabriel Defang, Maya Williams, and Kevin R. Porter
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, psoralen-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, anti-SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies, conformational epitopes of surface antigens, 4′-aminomethyl-4,5′,8-trimethylpsoralen (AMT), Medicine
Abstract: The development of a safe and effective vaccine to protect against COVID-19 is a global priority due to the current high SARS-CoV-2 infection rate. Currently, there are over 160 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates at the clinical or pre-clinical stages of development. Of these, there are only three whole-virus vaccine candidates produced using β-propiolactone or formalin inactivation. Here, we prepared a whole-virus SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (SARS-CoV-2 PsIV) using a novel psoralen inactivation method and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice using two different adjuvants, alum and Advax-2. We compared the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 PsIV against SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccines expressing either full-length or truncated spike proteins. We also compared the psoralen-inactivated vaccine against a DNA prime, psoralen-inactivated vaccine boost regimen. After two doses, the psoralen-inactivated vaccine, when administered with alum or Advax-2 adjuvants, generated a dose-dependent neutralizing antibody responses in mice. Overall, the pattern of cytokine ELISPOT responses to antigen-stimulation observed in this study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 PsIV with the alum adjuvant promotes a Th2-type response, while SARS-CoV-2 PsIV with the Advax-2 adjuvant promotes a Th1-type response.
Published: 2021
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6. Molecular and antigenic characterization of group C orthobunyaviruses isolated in Peru.

Author: Roger M Castillo Oré, Roxana E Caceda, Alfredo A Huaman, Maya Williams, Jun Hang, Diana E Juarez, Tadeusz J Kochel, Eric S Halsey, and Brett M Forshey
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Group C orthobunyaviruses (GRCVs) are a complex of viruses in the genus Orthobunyavirus and are associated with human febrile disease in tropical and subtropical areas of South and Central America. While numerous GRCVs have been isolated from mosquitoes, animals, and humans, genetic analysis of these viruses is limited. In this study, we characterized 65 GRCV isolates from febrile patients identified through clinic-based surveillance in the northern and southern Peruvian Amazon. A 500 base pair region of the S segment and 750 base pair regions of the M and L segments were sequenced. Pairwise sequence analysis of the clinical isolates showed nucleotide identities ranging from 68% to 100% and deduced amino acid sequence identities ranging from 72% to 100%. Sequences were compared with reference strains of the following GRCVs: Caraparu virus (CARV), Murutucu virus (MURV), Oriboca virus (ORIV), Marituba virus (MTBV), Itaqui virus (ITQV), Apeu virus (APEUV), and Madrid virus (MADV). Sequence comparison of clinical isolates with the prototype strains based on the S and L segments identified two clades; clade I included isolates with high genetic association with CARV-MADV, and clade II included isolates with high genetic association with MURV, ORIV, APEUV, and MTBV. Genetic relationships based on the M segment were at time inconsistent with those based on the S and L segments. However, clade groupings based on the M segment were highly consistent with relationships based on microneutralization assays. These results advance our understanding of the genetic and serologic relationships of GRCVs circulating in the Peruvian Amazon.
Published: 2018
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7. Evidence for avian H9N2 influenza virus infections among rural villagers in Cambodia

Author: Patrick J. Blair, Shannon D. Putnam, Whitney S. Krueger, Channimol Chum, Thomas F. Wierzba, Gary L. Heil, Chadwick Y. Yasuda, Maya Williams, Matthew R. Kasper, John A. Friary, Ana W. Capuano, Vonthanak Saphonn, Malik Peiris, Hongxia Shao, Daniel R. Perez, and Gregory C. Gray
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Southeast Asia remains a critical region for the emergence of novel and/or zoonotic influenza, underscoring the importance of extensive sampling in rural areas where early transmission is most likely to occur. Methods: In 2008, 800 adult participants from eight sites were enrolled in a prospective population-based study of avian influenza (AI) virus transmission where highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus had been reported in humans and poultry from 2006 to 2008. From their enrollment sera and questionnaires, we report risk factor findings for serologic evidence of previous infection with 18 AI virus strains. Results: Serologic assays revealed no evidence of previous infection with 13 different low-pathogenic AI viruses or with HPAI avian-like A/Cambodia/R0404050/2007(H5N1). However, 21 participants had elevated antibodies against avian-like A/Hong Kong/1073/1999(H9N2), validated with a monoclonal antibody blocking ELISA assay specific for avian H9. Conclusions: Although cross-reaction from antibodies against human influenza viruses cannot be completely excluded, the study data suggest that a number of participants were previously infected with the avian-like A/Hong Kong/1073/1999(H9N2) virus, likely due to as yet unidentified environmental exposures. Prospective data from this cohort will help us better understand the serology of zoonotic influenza infection in a rural cohort in SE Asia. Keywords: Influenza A virus, Avian, Zoonoses, Occupational exposure, Communicable diseases, Emerging, Cohort studies
Published: 2013
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8. The Epidemiology, Virology and Clinical Findings of Dengue Virus Infections in a Cohort of Indonesian Adults in Western Java.

Author: Herman Kosasih, Bachti Alisjahbana, Nurhayati, Quirijn de Mast, Irani F Rudiman, Susana Widjaja, Ungke Antonjaya, Harli Novriani, Nugroho H Susanto, Hadi Jusuf, Andre van der Ven, Charmagne G Beckett, Patrick J Blair, Timothy H Burgess, Maya Williams, and Kevin R Porter
Subjects: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Dengue has emerged as one of the most important infectious diseases in the last five decades. Evidence indicates the expansion of dengue virus endemic areas and consequently the exponential increase of dengue virus infections across the subtropics. The clinical manifestations of dengue virus infection include sudden fever, rash, headache, myalgia and in more serious cases, spontaneous bleeding. These manifestations occur in children as well as in adults. Defining the epidemiology of dengue in a given area is critical to understanding the disease and devising effective public health strategies.Here, we report the results from a prospective cohort study of 4380 adults in West Java, Indonesia, from 2000-2004 and 2006-2009. A total of 2167 febrile episodes were documented and dengue virus infections were confirmed by RT-PCR or serology in 268 cases (12.4%). The proportion ranged from 7.6 to 41.8% each year. The overall incidence rate of symptomatic dengue virus infections was 17.3 cases/1,000 person years and between September 2006 and April 2008 asymptomatic infections were 2.6 times more frequent than symptomatic infections. According to the 1997 WHO classification guidelines, there were 210 dengue fever cases, 53 dengue hemorrhagic fever cases (including one dengue shock syndrome case) and five unclassified cases. Evidence for sequential dengue virus infections was seen in six subjects. All four dengue virus serotypes circulated most years. Inapparent dengue virus infections were predominantly associated with DENV-4 infections.Dengue virus was responsible for a significant percentage of febrile illnesses in an adult population in West Java, Indonesia, and this percentage varied from year to year. The observed incidence rate during the study period was 43 times higher than the reported national or provincial rates during the same time period. A wide range of clinical severity was observed with most infections resulting in asymptomatic disease. The circulation of all four serotypes of dengue virus was observed in most years of the study.
Published: 2016
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9. Population-based active surveillance cohort studies for influenza: lessons from Peru

Author: Hugo Razuri, Candice Romero, Yeny Tinoco, Maria Claudia Guezala, Ernesto Ortiz, Maria Silva, Erik Reaves, Maya Williams, Victor Alberto Laguna-Torres, Eric S Halsey, Jorge Gomez, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Joe Bresee, Ann Moen, Timothy M Uyeki, Andrew Bennett, Joel M Montgomery, and Daniel G Bausch
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Published: 2012

10. Little evidence of subclinical avian influenza virus infections among rural villagers in Cambodia.

Author: Gregory C Gray, Whitney S Krueger, Channimol Chum, Shannon D Putnam, Thomas F Wierzba, Gary L Heil, Benjamin D Anderson, Chadwick Y Yasuda, Maya Williams, Matthew R Kasper, Vonthanak Saphonn, and Patrick J Blair
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: In 2008, 800 adults living within rural Kampong Cham Province, Cambodia were enrolled in a prospective cohort study of zoonotic influenza transmission. After enrollment, participants were contacted weekly for 24 months to identify acute influenza-like illnesses (ILI). Follow-up sera were collected at 12 and 24 months. A transmission substudy was also conducted among the family contacts of cohort members reporting ILI who were influenza A positive. Samples were assessed using serological or molecular techniques looking for evidence of infection with human and avian influenza viruses. Over 24 months, 438 ILI investigations among 284 cohort members were conducted. One cohort member was hospitalized with a H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus infection and withdrew from the study. Ninety-seven ILI cases (22.1%) were identified as influenza A virus infections by real-time RT-PCR; none yielded evidence for AIV. During the 2 years of follow-up, 21 participants (3.0%) had detectable antibody titers (≥ 1:10) against the studied AIVs: 1 against an avian-like A/Migratory duck/Hong Kong/MPS180/2003(H4N6), 3 against an avian-like A/Teal/Hong Kong/w312/97(H6N1), 9 (3 of which had detectible antibody titers at both 12- and 24-month follow-up) against an avian-like A/Hong Kong/1073/1999(H9N2), 6 (1 detected at both 12- and 24-month follow-up) against an avian-like A/Duck/Memphis/546/74(H11N9), and 2 against an avian-like A/Duck/Alberta/60/76(H12N5). With the exception of the one hospitalized cohort member with H5N1 infection, no other symptomatic avian influenza infections were detected among the cohort. Serological evidence for subclinical infections was sparse with only one subject showing a 4-fold rise in microneutralization titer over time against AvH12N5. In summary, despite conducting this closely monitored cohort study in a region enzootic for H5N1 HPAI, we were unable to detect subclinical avian influenza infections, suggesting either that these infections are rare or that our assays are insensitive at detecting them.
Published: 2014
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11. Evidence for endemic chikungunya virus infections in Bandung, Indonesia.

Author: Herman Kosasih, Quirijn de Mast, Susana Widjaja, Primal Sudjana, Ungke Antonjaya, Chairin Ma'roef, Silvita Fitri Riswari, Kevin R Porter, Timothy H Burgess, Bachti Alisjahbana, Andre van der Ven, and Maya Williams
Subjects: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is known to cause sporadic or explosive outbreaks. However, little is known about the endemic transmission of CHIKV. To ascertain the endemic occurrence of CHIKV transmission, we tested blood samples from patients with a non-dengue febrile illness who participated in a prospective cohort study of factory workers in Bandung, Indonesia. From August 2000 to June 2004, and September 2006 to April 2008, 1901 febrile episodes occurred and 231 (12.2%) dengue cases were identified. The remaining febrile cases were evaluated for possible CHIKV infection by measuring anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG antibodies in acute and convalescent samples. Acute samples of serologically positive cases were subsequently tested for the presence of CHIKV RNA by RT-PCR and/or virus isolation. A total of 135 (7.1%) CHIKV infections were identified, providing an incidence rate of 10.1/1,000 person years. CHIKV infections were identified all year round and tended to increase during the rainy season (January to March). Severe illness was not found and severe arthralgia was not a prominently reported symptom. Serial post-illness samples from nine cases were tested to obtain a kinetic picture of IgM and IgG anti-CHIKV antibodies. Anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies were persistently detected in high titers for approximately one year. Three patients demonstrated evidence of possible sequential CHIKV infections. The high incidence rate and continuous chikungunya cases in this adult cohort suggests that CHIKV is endemically transmitted in Bandung. Further characterization of the circulating strains and surveillance in larger areas are needed to better understand CHIKV epidemiology in Indonesia.
Published: 2013
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12. The diagnostic and prognostic value of dengue non-structural 1 antigen detection in a hyper-endemic region in Indonesia.

Author: Herman Kosasih, Bachti Alisjahbana, Susana Widjaja, Nurhayati, Quirijn de Mast, Ida Parwati, Patrick J Blair, Timothy H Burgess, Andre van der Ven, and Maya Williams
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: As dengue fever is undifferentiated from other febrile illnesses in the tropics and the clinical course is unpredictable, early diagnosis is important. Several commercial assays to detect dengue NS1 antigen have been developed; however, their performances vary and data is lacking from hyper-endemic areas where all four serotypes of dengue are equally represented. To assess the sensitivity of the Bio-Rad platelia Dengue NS1 antigen assay according to virus serotype, immune status, gender, and parameters of severe disease, acute sera from 220 individuals with confirmed dengue and 55 individuals with a non-dengue febrile illness were tested using the Bio-Rad platelia Dengue NS1 antigen assay. The overall sensitivity of the NS1 ELISA was 46.8% and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity in primary infections was significantly higher than in secondary infections (100% vs. 35.7%). In secondary infections, the sensitivity of NS1 detection was highest in DENV-3 (47.1%), followed by DENV-1 (40.9%), DENV-2 (30%) and DENV-4 (27%) infections. NS1 was less frequently detected in sera with high titers of HI antibodies or in acute samples from patients whose pre-illness sera showed neutralizing antibodies to more than one serotype. The detection of NS1 was higher in females, severe cases, and individuals with lower platelet counts (
Published: 2013
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13. Population-based active surveillance cohort studies for influenza: lessons from Peru

Author: Hugo Razuri, Candice Romero, Yeny Tinoco, Maria Claudia Guezala, Ernesto Ortiz, Maria Silva, Erik Reaves, Maya Williams, Victor Alberto Laguna-Torres, Eric S Halsey, Jorge Gomez, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Joe Bresee, Ann Moen, Timothy M Uyeki, Andrew Bennett, Joel M Montgomery, and Daniel G Bausch
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
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14. Teacher Perspectives on Effective Restorative Practice Implementation: Identifying Programmatic Elements that Promote Positive Relational Development in Schools

Author: Shanté Stuart McQueen, James P. Huguley, Rachelle Haynik, Andrea Joseph-McCatty, Rebecca Calaman, Maya Williams, and Ming-Te Wang
Subjects: Health (social science), Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Published: 2023

15. Counseling psychology and participatory justice: 'sharing the university'

Author: Laura Smith, Laila Abdel-Salam, Randi Elfrida Scott-Mclaughlin, Kim Baranowski, Nyrah Madon, and Maya Williams
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Applied Psychology
Published: 2022

16. Buss, David

Author: Maya Williams and Steven M. Dunn
Published: 2023

17. Exploring the Impact of Skin Tone Perception on Race-Related Outcomes and Familial Functioning Among African American Youth: Implications for African-Centered Interventions

Author: Husain Lateef, Heather L. Smyth, Abigail Williams-Butler, Donte T. Boyd, Ed-Dee G. Williams, Adrian Gale, Tyriesa Howard Howell, and Maya Williams
Subjects: African american, Race (biology), Perception, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological intervention, Skin tone, Psychology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Clinical psychology, media_common
Abstract: Racism and its ramifications are salient societal-level factors that detrimentally affect African American youth and families. Few studies have investigated how African American youth experience discrimination within families and society and colorism’s impact on racial identity, despite extensive racial discrimination research. We assessed whether the perceptions of African American youth of their skin tone affected their racial identity, familial functioning, and everyday discrimination, using the National Survey of American Life–Adolescent Supplement data. We found no significant relationships among skin tone perception, racial identity, familial functioning, or everyday experiences of discrimination. Conversely, age and gender differences were significant predictors of racial identity, family functioning, and discrimination reports. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for social work practice.
Published: 2021

18. A content analysis: Consider mindfulness in response to colorist biases

Author: Latocia Keyes, Ronald E. Hall, Maya Williams, and Nicole Ransom
Subjects: Mindfulness, Internalized racism, Content analysis, Anthropology, media_common.quotation_subject, White privilege, Internalization, Psychology, Racism, Social psychology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), media_common
Abstract: Via colorist and white privilege, colorism and racism mirror one another. Colorism is internalized racism; an oppressive internalization regarding phenotypes and skin tones. Mindfulness and other s...
Published: 2021

19. An Integrative Pathway for Success

Author: Maya Williams, Nasitta Keita, and Lisa Y. Flores
Published: 2022

20. Independent Evaluation of Two Prototype Immunochromatographic Tests for Dengue Fever Developed by InBios

Author: Marshall T Van de Wyngaerde, Cheng-Rei Lee, Gabriel Defang, Maya Williams, Damon Ellison, Hua-Wei Chen, Tania D Maldonado, Shuenn-Jue Wu, and Calli M Rooney
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Immunochromatographic test, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, General Medicine, Dengue virus, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Dengue fever, Highly sensitive, Dengue, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Medical physics, Multiplex, Overall performance, business, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Clearance
Abstract: Introduction Dengue fever, caused by any of the four dengue viruses (DENV1–4), is endemic in more than 100 countries around the world. Each year, up to 400 million people get infected with dengue virus. It is one of the most important arthropod-borne viral diseases. Dengue’s global presence poses a medical threat to deploying military personnel and their dependents. An accurate diagnosis followed by attentive supportive care can improve outcomes in patients with severe dengue disease. Dengue diagnostic tests based on PCR and ELISA platforms have been developed and cleared by the U.S. FDA. However, these diagnostic assays are laborious and usually require highly trained personnel and specialized equipment, which presents a significant challenge when conducting operations in austere and resource-constrained areas. InBios International, Inc. (Seattle, WA) has developed two rapid and instrument-free immunochromatographic test prototype devices (multiplex and traditional formats) for dengue diagnosis. Materials and Methods To determine the performance of the InBios immunochromatographic tests, 183 clinical samples were tested on both prototype devices. Both assays were performed without any instruments and the results were read in 20 minutes. Results The traditional format had better overall performance (sensitivity: 97.4%; specificity: 90%) than the multiplex format (sensitivity: 86.9%; specificity: 63.3%). The traditional format was superior in serotype-specific detection with 100% overall sensitivity for DENV1, DENV3, and DENV4 and 93.3% sensitivity for DENV2 compared to the multiplex format (91.7%, 78.3%, 83.3%, and 96.3% for DENV1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). The traditional format was easier to read than the multiplex format. The multiplex format was simpler and faster to set up than the traditional format. Conclusions The InBios traditional format had a better overall performance and readability profile than the multiplex format, while the multiplex format was easier to set up. Both formats were highly sensitive and specific, were easy to perform, and did not require sophisticated equipment. They are ideal for use in resource-limited settings where dengue is endemic. Based on our overall assessment, the traditional format should be considered for further development and used in the upcoming multicenter clinical trial toward FDA clearance.
Published: 2021

21. Enhancing awareness of colorism among pre-service teachers: a field placement approach

Author: Jandel Crutchfield, David Sparks, Maya Williams, Erin Findley, and Sandra Kalu
Published: 2022

22. The role of CD8 + T lymphocytes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review

Author: Maya Williams, Lucy C. Fairclough, and Ian Todd
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Neurology, Exacerbation, Cytotoxic T cell, Immunology, Population, Review, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, CD8 + T lymphocyte, 03 medical and health sciences, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, education, Pharmacology, education.field_of_study, COPD, business.industry, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Smoking, medicine.disease, Rheumatology, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, Lung disease, Cytokines, business, CD8
Abstract: Objective and design This systematic review aims to establish the role of CD8 + T lymphocytes in COPD. Methods Forty-eight papers published in the last 15 years were identified for inclusion. Results CD8 + T-cells are increased in the lungs of patients with COPD (17 studies, 16 positive) whereas in the circulation, findings were inconclusive. Activation of CD8 + T-cells was enhanced in lungs (four studies, three positive) but cell phenotype was unclear. There was substantial evidence of a higher proportion of type 1 CD8 + (Tc1) cells in COPD (11 studies, 9 positive), though the population of type 2 (Tc2) cells was also increased (5 studies, 4 positive). CD8 + T-cells in COPD exhibited greater expression of cytotoxic proteins (five studies, five positive). Studies assessed a variety of questions so evidence was insufficient to draw firm conclusions. The role of CD8 + T-cells at acute exacerbation of COPD and also their contribution to alveolar destruction can only be hypothesised at this stage. Conclusions Not only is the number of CD8 + T-cells increased in COPD, these cells have increased capacity to exert effector functions and are likely to contribute to disease pathogenesis. Several mechanisms highlighted show promise for future investigation to consolidate current knowledge.
Published: 2020

23. Comparison of purified psoralen-inactivated and formalin-inactivated dengue vaccines in mice and nonhuman primates

Author: John W. Sanders, Daniel Ewing, Gabriel Defang, Josef Lassan, Maya Williams, Sandy Sink, Kevin R. Porter, Kanakatte Raviprakash, Zhaodong Liang, Appavu K. Sundaram, and Maria Blevins
Subjects: Primates, Serotype, viruses, 030231 tropical medicine, Dengue Vaccines, Dengue virus, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Epitope, Dengue fever, Dengue, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, 0302 clinical medicine, Formaldehyde, medicine, Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, Neutralizing antibody, Dengue vaccine, Attenuated vaccine, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Immunogenicity, Ficusin, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, virus diseases, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, medicine.disease, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Virology, Infectious Diseases, Vaccines, Inactivated, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine
Abstract: Dengue fever, caused by dengue viruses (DENV 1-4) is a leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics. Therefore, an effective vaccine is urgently needed. Currently, the only available licensed dengue vaccine is a chimeric live attenuated vaccine that shows varying efficacy depending on serotype, age and baseline DENV serostatus. Accordingly, a dengue vaccine that is effective in seronegative adults, children of all ages and in immunocompromised individuals is still needed. We are currently researching the use of psoralen to develop an inactivated tetravalent dengue vaccine. Unlike traditional formalin inactivation, psoralen inactivates pathogens at the nucleic acid level, potentially preserving envelope protein epitopes important for protective anti-dengue immune responses. We prepared highly purified monovalent vaccine lots of formalin- and psoralen-inactivated DENV 1-4, using Capto DeVirS and Capto Core 700 resin based column chromatography. Tetravalent psoralen-inactivated vaccines (PsIV) and formalin-inactivated vaccines (FIV) were prepared by combining the four monovalent vaccines. Mice were immunized with either a low or high dose of PsIV or FIV to evaluate the immunogenicity of monovalent as well as tetravalent formulations of each inactivation method. In general, the monovalent and tetravalent PsIVs elicited equivalent or higher titers of neutralizing antibodies to DENV than the FIV dengue vaccines and this response was dose dependent. The immunogenicity of tetravalent dengue PsIVs and FIVs were also evaluated in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Consistent with what was observed in mice, significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers for each dengue serotype were observed in the NHPs vaccinated with the tetravalent dengue PsIV compared to those vaccinated with the tetravalent dengue FIV, indicative of the importance of envelope protein epitope preservation during psoralen inactivation of DENV.
Published: 2020

24. Associations Between Domain Differentiated Sibling Conflict and Adolescent Problem Behavior

Author: Maya Williams, Christopher Odudu, and Nicole Campione-Barr
Subjects: Family dynamics, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Anthropology, Sibling, Adolescent development, Psychology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Domain (software engineering), Developmental psychology
Published: 2020

25. Hedgehog-interacting protein acts in the habenula to regulate nicotine intake

Author: Stephanie P. B. Caligiuri, William M. Howe, Lauren Wills, Alexander C. W. Smith, Ye Lei, Purva Bali, Mary P. Heyer, Janna K. Moen, Jessica L. Ables, Karim S. Elayouby, Maya Williams, Clementine Fillinger, Zainab Oketokoun, Vanessa E. Lehmann, Alexandra G. DiFeliceantonio, Paul M. Johnson, Kristin Beaumont, Robert P. Sebra, Ines Ibanez-Tallon, and Paul J. Kenny
Subjects: Lung Diseases, Mice, Multidisciplinary, habenula, nicotine, single-cell RNA sequencing, hedgehog signaling, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Animals, Hedgehog Proteins, Receptors, Nicotinic, Cholinergic Neurons
Abstract: Hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP) sequesters Hedgehog ligands to repress Smoothened (SMO)-mediated recruitment of the GLI family of transcription factors. Allelic variation in HHIP confers risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other smoking-related lung diseases, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using single-cell and cell-type-specific translational profiling, we show that HHIP expression is highly enriched in medial habenula (MHb) neurons, particularly MHb cholinergic neurons that regulate aversive behavioral responses to nicotine. HHIP deficiency dysregulated the expression of genes involved in cholinergic signaling in the MHb and disrupted the function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) through a PTCH-1/cholesterol-dependent mechanism. Further, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic cleavage of the Hhip gene in MHb neurons enhanced the motivational properties of nicotine in mice. These findings suggest that HHIP influences vulnerability to smoking-related lung diseases in part by regulating the actions of nicotine on habenular aversion circuits., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (46), ISSN:0027-8424, ISSN:1091-6490
Published: 2022
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26. Pseudovirus-Based Assays for the Measurement of Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2

Author: Corey Balinsky, Vihasi Jani, Peifang Sun, Maya Williams, Gabriel Defang, and Kevin R. Porter
Published: 2022

27. Networks of habenula-projecting cortical neurons regulate cocaine seeking

Author: Maya Williams, Victor Mathis, Paul J. Kenny, and Clementine Fillinger
Subjects: endocrine system, Multidisciplinary, Cognitive Neuroscience, education, SciAdv r-articles, Cortical neurons, Biology, Habenula, Prefrontal cortex, Neuroscience, Lateral habenula, Cocaine seeking, Research Article
Abstract: Description, Cortical neurons that project to habenula then locus coeruleus regulate cocaine relapse., How neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex broadcast stress-relevant information to subcortical brain sites to regulate cocaine relapse remains unclear. The lateral habenula (LHb) serves as a “hub” to filter and propagate stress- and aversion-relevant information in the brain. Here, we show that chemogenetic inhibition of cortical inputs to LHb attenuates relapse-like reinstatement of extinguished cocaine seeking in mice. Using an RNA sequencing–based brain mapping procedure with single-cell resolution, we identify networks of cortical neurons that project to LHb and then preferentially innervate different downstream brain sites, including the ventral tegmental area, median raphe nucleus, and locus coeruleus (LC). By using an intersectional chemogenetics approach, we show that inhibition of cortico-habenular neurons that project to LC, but not to other sites, blocks reinstatement of cocaine seeking. These findings highlight the remarkable complexity of descending cortical inputs to the habenula and identify a cortico-habenulo-hindbrain circuit that regulates cocaine seeking.
Published: 2021

28. Habenular TCF7L2 links nicotine addiction to diabetes

Author: Maya Williams, Alexander Duncan, RichardÂ M. O'Connor, Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura, Zuxin Chen, Jessica L. Ables, Xin-An Liu, William M. Howe, Avi Ma'ayan, Mary P. Heyer, Paul J. Kenny, Qun Lu, Clementine Fillinger, Masago Ishikawa, Purva Bali, Theodore M. Kamenecka, Karim S. Elayouby, Inés Ibañez-Tallon, Zichen Wang, Aron M. Geurts, Stephanie P.B. Caligiuri, and Heidi C. O'Neill
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Nicotine, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, medicine.medical_treatment, Stimulation, Receptors, Nicotinic, PC12 Cells, Glucagon, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Cyclic AMP, medicine, Animals, Humans, Glucose homeostasis, Pancreas, Glucose Metabolism Disorders, Acetylcholine receptor, Habenula, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Insulin, Tobacco Use Disorder, medicine.disease, Rats, Glucose, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Nicotinic agonist, Mutagenesis, business, Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Signal Transduction, medicine.drug
Abstract: Diabetes is far more prevalent in smokers than non-smokers, but the underlying mechanisms of vulnerability are unknown. Here we show that the diabetes-associated gene Tcf7l2 is densely expressed in the medial habenula (mHb) region of the rodent brain, where it regulates the function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Inhibition of TCF7L2 signalling in the mHb increases nicotine intake in mice and rats. Nicotine increases levels of blood glucose by TCF7L2-dependent stimulation of the mHb. Virus-tracing experiments identify a polysynaptic connection from the mHb to the pancreas, and wild-type rats with a history of nicotine consumption show increased circulating levels of glucagon and insulin, and diabetes-like dysregulation of blood glucose homeostasis. By contrast, mutant Tcf7l2 rats are resistant to these actions of nicotine. Our findings suggest that TCF7L2 regulates the stimulatory actions of nicotine on a habenula-pancreas axis that links the addictive properties of nicotine to its diabetes-promoting actions.
Published: 2019

29. Disparate Impacts: Balancing the Need for Safe Schools With Racial Equity in Discipline

Author: Jason Jabbari, Odis Johnson, Maya Williams, and Olivia Marcucci
Subjects: Public Administration, Social Psychology, Restorative justice, Multiple forms, 05 social sciences, Ethnic group, 050301 education, Criminology, Race (biology), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Sociology, 0503 education, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Gun violence, Racial equity
Abstract: Policy responses to gun violence within K-12 school systems have not stopped the increasing frequency of their occurrence, but have instead increased racial and ethnic disparities in multiple forms of discipline. The crisis prevention policies that follow school shootings tend to exacerbate racial and ethnic discipline disparities (a) within schools as practitioners enact policies with discretion and bias, (b) between schools where policy is complicated by racial segregation, and (c) indirectly where academic consequences accrue to those who are not disciplined but attend schools with elevated school rates of discipline. Among the most promising policy alternatives to punitive disciplinary policy is restorative justice.
Published: 2019

30. NK Cells Activated through Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity and Armed with Degranulation/IFN-γ Production Suppress Antibody-dependent Enhancement of Dengue Viral Infection

Author: Maya Williams, Brian J. Morrison, Gabriel Defang, Nishith Nagabhushana, Vihasi Jani, and Peifang Sun
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, lcsh:Medicine, Dengue virus, Cross Reactions, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Lymphocyte Activation, Virus Replication, Viral infection, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Cell Degranulation, Lymphocyte Depletion, Article, Dengue fever, Dengue, Immunomodulation, 03 medical and health sciences, Interferon-gamma, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Antibody-dependent enhancement, lcsh:Science, Cells, Cultured, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Antigen Presentation, Multidisciplinary, biology, Chemistry, Immune Sera, lcsh:R, Degranulation, Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity, Dengue Virus, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Antibody-Dependent Enhancement, Killer Cells, Natural, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, lcsh:Q, Antibody, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Antibody (Ab)-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a hypothesized mechanism of increased disease severity during secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection. This study investigates Ab-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) in counteracting ADE. In our system, DENV and DENV-immune sera were added to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and ADE and NK cell activation were simultaneously monitored. ADE was detected in monocytes and a concurrent activation of NK cells was observed. Activated NK cells expressed IFN-γ and CD107a. IFN-γ was detected at 24 hours (24 h) followed by a rapid decline; CD107a expression peaked at 48 h and persisted for >7 days. Optimal activation of NK cells required the presence of enhancement serum together with ADE-affected monocytes and soluble factors, suggesting the coexistence of the counteractive ADCC Abs, in the same ADE-serum, capable of strongly promoting NK cell activation. The function of NK cells against ADE was demonstrated using a depletion assay. NK cell-depleted PBMCs had increased ADE as compared to whole PBMCs. Conversely, adding activated NK cells back into the NK-depleted-PBMCs or to purified monocytes decreased ADE. Blocking IFN-γ expression also increased ADE. The study suggests that under ADE conditions, NK cells can be activated by ADCC Abs and can control the magnitude of ADE.
Published: 2019

31. T cell and memory B cell responses in tetravalent DNA, tetravalent inactivated and tetravalent live-attenuated prime-boost dengue vaccines in rhesus macaques

Author: Ying Cheng, Alison Johnson, Nishith Nagabhushana, Brian J. Morrison, Vihasi Jani, Peifang Sun, Maya Williams, and Gabriel Defang
Subjects: T cell, Dengue Vaccines, Biology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Antibodies, Viral, Dengue, Memory B Cells, medicine, Vaccines, DNA, Animals, Vaccines, Combined, Memory B cell, Dengue vaccine, B cell, Attenuated vaccine, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, DNA, Dengue Virus, Virology, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Macaca mulatta, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Inactivated vaccine, Molecular Medicine, CD8
Abstract: We previously reported the efficacy of prime-boost vaccination using three tetravalent (T) dengue vaccines, DNA (TDNA), purified inactivated vaccine (TPIV), and live attenuated vaccine (TLAV). We demonstrated that the TPIV/TLAV prime-boost vaccination yielded the highest and most durable neutralizing antibodies and 100% protection to all 4 serotypes of dengue virus in rhesus macaques. This study compares gene transcription, T and B cell responses elicited by these prime-boost combinations in rhesus macaques. This study shows that the TLAV vaccine increased the expression of the innate immune genes, DDX58 and TLR7, IL1A, IL1B, TNF, CXCL8, CXCL10, IRF1, IRF7, and IFNB, more robustly as compared to TDNA and TPIV vaccines. Overall, two doses of TDNA and one dose of TLAV efficiently elicited a T cell IFNγ response to PrM/E with a comparable magnitude. Compared to TDNA vaccine, the TLAV vaccine elicited additional IFNγ response to C, NS1, NS3, and NS5. The TPIV vaccine alone produced poor IFNγ response; however, the TLAV significantly boosted its IFNγ response. The T cell response repertoire associated with TPIV/TLAV prime-boost was to both the structural C/PrM/E and NS proteins, and the T cells were multifunctional as the CD4+ T cells produced IFNγ, TNF α, and IL2 and the CD8+ cells produced TNF α and IFNγ. Opposite to the pattern of CMI, the TPIV vaccine alone elicited the highest BMem compared to the other two vaccines, which continuously remained as the highest after boosting. In summary, the TDNA and TLAV vaccines elicited a strong T cell response whereas the TPIV vaccine elicited a superior BMem. The T cell response of the TPIV vaccine was significantly boosted by the TLAV vaccine. The elevated T cell response may have provided T cell help for a sustained antibody response for TPIV/TLAV vaccines, which is required for a protective immunity against a live virus challenge.
Published: 2021

32. Immunogenicity of Adjuvanted Psoralen-Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein DNA Vaccines in BALB/c Mice

Author: Peifang Sun, Shuenn-Jue Wu, Vihasi Jani, Maya Williams, Appavu K. Sundaram, Gabriel Defang, Zhaodong Liang, Kevin R. Porter, Nikolai Petrovsky, Ying Cheng, Daniel Ewing, and Kanakatte Raviprakash
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), DNA vaccine, 4′-aminomethyl-4,5′,8-trimethylpsoralen (AMT), medicine.medical_treatment, viruses, psoralen-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, Article, DNA vaccination, BALB/c, prime-boost, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Alum adjuvant, Neutralizing antibody, skin and connective tissue diseases, Molecular Biology, Advax-2, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, conformational epitopes of surface antigens, Alum, SARS-CoV-2, ELISPOT, Immunogenicity, fungi, COVID-19, biology.organism_classification, Virology, body regions, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, biology.protein, Medicine, Adjuvant, anti-SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies
Abstract: The development of a safe and effective vaccine to protect against COVID-19 is a global priority due to the current high SARS-CoV-2 infection rate. Currently, there are over 160 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates at the clinical or pre-clinical stages of development. Of these, there are only three whole-virus vaccine candidates produced using β-propiolactone or formalin inactivation. Here, we prepared a whole-virus SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (SARS-CoV-2 PsIV) using a novel psoralen inactivation method and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice using two different adjuvants, alum and Advax-2. We compared the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 PsIV against SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccines expressing either full-length or truncated spike proteins. We also compared the psoralen-inactivated vaccine against a DNA prime, psoralen-inactivated vaccine boost regimen. After two doses, the psoralen-inactivated vaccine, when administered with alum or Advax-2 adjuvants, generated a dose-dependent neutralizing antibody responses in mice. Overall, the pattern of cytokine ELISPOT responses to antigen-stimulation observed in this study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 PsIV with the alum adjuvant promotes a Th2-type response, while SARS-CoV-2 PsIV with the Advax-2 adjuvant promotes a Th1-type response.
Published: 2021

33. Immune interference revisited: Impact of live-attenuated influenza vaccine prior to yellow fever vaccination

Author: Dana M. Blyth, Zhaodong Liang, Maya Williams, and Clinton K. Murray
Subjects: Adult, Male, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Vaccination, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Vaccines, Attenuated, Young Adult, Infectious Diseases, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human, Yellow Fever, Molecular Medicine, Humans, Female
Abstract: During routine mass live-attenuated influenza vaccination (LAIV) for military personnel, emergent deployment for Ebola humanitarian assistance (OUA) required mass yellow fever vaccination (YF17D), often 4-weeks recommended timing post-LAIV-triggering concerns for immune interference. We compared YF17D seroconversion rates in personnel who received YF17D as recommended (vaccinated by guidelines [VBG]) to those who received the vaccine outside the recommended timing following LAIV (not vaccinated by guidelines [NVBG]).OUA deploying personnel who received LAIV simultaneously or before YF17D and had pre- and post-vaccination archived serum were included. VBG was defined as YF17D given concurrently or ≥ 30 days post-LAIV and NVBG as YF17D given 1-29 days post-LAIV. YF17D seroresponse was determined by screening ELISA confirmed with plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) on positive ELISA samples. Exclusion criteria were prior YF17D and pre-vaccination YF17D positive PRNT.Of the 660 personnel included, 507 were VBG and 153 were NVBG. Median age was 25 years for both groups. Men accounted for 84% of those VBG and 79% NVBG (p = 0.194). Seroconversion rates were 97.8% for VBG and 95.4% for NVBG (p = 0.15). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that YF17D on days 7-21 post-LAIV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.304, p = 0.017; confidence interval [CI] 0.114-0.810) and female sex (aOR 0.330, p = 0.026; CI 0.124-0.879) were associated with decreased seroresponse.In this healthy, young adult military population, there was high seroconversion following YF17D when administered simultaneously and at various time points after LAIV. Slight decreases in seroresponse were seen in women and those receiving YF17D 7-21 days following LAIV.
Published: 2020

34. A randomized controlled trial of NSAIDs or exercise to reduce delayed local pain after influenza vaccination

Author: Limone C. Collins, Maya Williams, Christina Spooner, Daniel Ewing, Thomas A Beltran, Laurie A. Housel, and Bruce M. McClenathan
Subjects: Local pain, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Vaccination, MEDLINE, Pain, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Influenza Vaccines, Internal medicine, Influenza, Human, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, business, Exercise
Published: 2020

35. The habenular G-protein-coupled receptor 151 regulates synaptic plasticity and nicotine intake

Author: Jianxi Liu, Andreas Görlich, Sylvia M. Lipford, Nathaniel Heintz, Inés Ibañez-Tallon, Cuidong Wang, Maya Williams, Jessica L. Ables, Michael H. Riad, Kun Li, Maria Dao, Henrik Molina, Paul J. Kenny, and Beatriz Antolin-Fontes
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Nicotine, Substance-Related Disorders, CHO Cells, Neurotransmission, GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go, Synaptic vesicle, Synaptic Transmission, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cricetulus, medicine, Epithalamus, Animals, Humans, Nicotinic Agonists, Acetylcholine receptor, Mice, Knockout, Habenula, Multidisciplinary, Neuronal Plasticity, Chemistry, Biological Sciences, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, Nicotinic agonist, Synaptic plasticity, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: The habenula, an ancient small brain area in the epithalamus, densely expresses nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and is critical for nicotine intake and aversion. As such, identification of strategies to manipulate habenular activity may yield approaches to treat nicotine addiction. Here we show that GPR151, an orphan G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) highly enriched in the habenula of humans and rodents, is expressed at presynaptic membranes and synaptic vesicles and associates with synaptic components controlling vesicle release and ion transport. Deletion of Gpr151 inhibits evoked neurotransmission but enhances spontaneous miniature synaptic currents and eliminates short-term plasticity induced by nicotine. We find that GPR151 couples to the G-alpha inhibitory protein Gα o1 to reduce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in mice and in GPR151-expressing cell lines that are amenable to ligand screens. Gpr151– knockout (KO) mice show diminished behavioral responses to nicotine and self-administer greater quantities of the drug, phenotypes rescued by viral reexpression of Gpr151 in the habenula. These data identify GPR151 as a critical modulator of habenular function that controls nicotine addiction vulnerability.
Published: 2020

36. Evaluation of T and B memory cell responses elicited by the pandemic H1N1 vaccine in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals

Author: Peifang Sun, Anuradha Ganesan, Timothy Burgess, Gabriel Defang, Nancy F. Crum-Cianflone, Timothy J. Whitman, Brian K. Agan, Carolyn Brandt, Maya Williams, and Tahaniyat Lalani
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, T-Lymphocytes, HIV Infections, Antibodies, Viral, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, 03 medical and health sciences, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigen, Influenza, Human, Humans, Live attenuated influenza vaccine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, B-Lymphocytes, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, business.industry, Immunogenicity, Vaccination, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, virus diseases, Virology, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Vaccines, Inactivated, Immunization, Influenza Vaccines, Immunology, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, business, Neuraminidase
Abstract: Background This study was to compare B and T memory cells elicited by a single dose monovalent 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine (strain A/California/7/2009 H1N1) in HIV + and HIV − groups, and to analyze the impact of the prior seasonal vaccines to the immunogenicity of this vaccine. Methods Blood samples were collected before vaccination (day 0) and at days 28 and 180. Participants were categorized into HIV − /LAIV, HIV − /TIV and HIV + /TIV subgroups according to the trivalent live-attenuated or inactivated (LAIV or TIV) seasonal influenza vaccines they received previously. The IgG + memory B cells (B Mem ) and IFNγ + T cells were measured against antigens including the H1N1 vaccine, the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins or peptide pools of the pandemic and the seasonal H1N1 strains, respectively. Results Overall B Mem responses increased significantly at day 28 but returned to baseline by day 180 in all three subgroups. The average frequency of the H1N1-specific B Mem at day 28 for the HIV − /LAIV, HIV − /TIV and HIV + /TIV groups was 2.14%, 1.26% and 1.67%, respectively, and the average fold change was 14.39, 3.81 and 3.93, respectively. The differences of B Mem between HIV − /LAIV and the two TIV subgroups were significant. For the IFNγ response, the overall spot counts ranged widely between 0 and 958/10 6 PBMCs. The group average spot counts to H1N1 vaccine was 89, 102, and 30 at day 28 for HIV − /LAIV, HIV − /TIV and HIV + /TIV subgroups, respectively. The average increase of IFNγ response at day 28 vs day 0 in all three subgroups did not reach 2-fold. Conclusion Participants with a prior LAIV seasonal vaccine, as compared to a TIV seasonal vaccine, responded significantly better to the monovalent H1N1 vaccine. Excluding LAIV participants, no difference was seen between the HIV + and HIV − subject groups in terms of B Mem . The B Mem response declined at 6 months.
Published: 2017

37. Antibody-dependent NK cell degranulation as a marker for assessing antibody-dependent cytotoxicity against pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection in human plasma and influenza-vaccinated transchromosomic bovine intravenous immunoglobulin therapy

Author: Maya Williams, Peifang Sun, Brian J. Morrison, Thomas C. Luke, Nishith Nagabhushana, Jessica A. Roman, and Kanakatte Raviprakash
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Hemagglutinin (influenza), Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, Antibodies, Viral, Lymphocyte Activation, Cell Degranulation, Article, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 0302 clinical medicine, Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy, Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1, Virology, Influenza, Human, NK cell degranulation, Animals, Humans, Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, Opsonin, Immunoassay, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Influenza treatment, biology, Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity, Degranulation, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, virus diseases, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Influenza, Killer Cells, Natural, Titer, 030104 developmental biology, Influenza Vaccines, Immunology, biology.protein, Cattle, Antibody, Biomarkers, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Highlights • Assay that assesses influenza antibodies capable of NK cell degranulation. • Description of NK cell degranulation titer determination by CD107a expression. • Positive correlation between influenza HAI titers and NK cell degranulation titers. • Transchromosomic bovine intravenous immunoglobulin therapy has high NK cell titer., This study describes an antibody-dependent NK cell degranulation assay, as a biomarker to assess antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) response in influenza plasma and for antibody therapies against influenza infection. The concentration of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the hemagglutinin receptor of influenza viruses is a current determinant in protection against infection, particularly following receipt of the seasonal influenza vaccine. However, this is a limited assessment of protection, because: (i) NAb titers that incur full protection vary; and (ii) NAb titers do not account for the entire breadth of antibody responses against viral infection. Previous reports have indicated that antibodies that prime ADCC play a vital role in controlling influenza infections, and thus should be quantified for assessing protection against influenza. This report demonstrates a non-radioactive assay that assesses NK cell activation as a marker of ADCC, in which NK cells interact with opsonized viral antigen expressed on the surface of infected Raji target cells resulting in effector cell degranulation (surrogate CD107a expression). A positive correlation was determined between HAI titers and sustained NK cell activation, although NK cell activation was seen in plasma samples with HAI titers below 40 and varied amongst samples with high HAI titers. Furthermore, sustained NK cell degranulation was determined for influenza-vaccinated transchromosomic bovine intravenous immunoglobulin, indicating the potential utility of this therapy for influenza treatment. We conclude that this assay is reproducible and relevant.
Published: 2017

38. Leptospirosis Seroconversion Surveillance Among US Marines Assigned to Japan, 2011–2015

Author: Zhiwen Zhang, Wei-Mei Ching, Hua-Wei Chen, Maya Williams, and Tatyana Belinskaya
Subjects: Adult, Male, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Zoonotic disease, Japan, Leptospira, Environmental health, Humans, Medicine, Leptospirosis, Seroconversion, biology, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, United States, Pathogenic organism, Contaminated water, Military personnel, Military Personnel, Population Surveillance, business
Abstract: Introduction: Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease spread through contact with contaminated water/soil. The US soldiers at the military bases in these countries are extremely vulnerable, as most of them are immunologically naïve to the responsible pathogen. No recent sero-epidemiological data of leptospirosis among US Marines stationed in Japan were available. Materials and Methods: In this study, we analyzed the presence of leptospirosis in US Marines stationed in Japan. One thousand posttour sera samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Leptospira-specific Immunoglobulin G. Results: Among these 1,000 posttour samples, 85 of them were positive and corresponding pretour samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay also. Seroconversion occurred for 35 (3.5%) Marines during their assignment to Japan. These results also indicate that 50 Marine personnels were exposed to leptospires before their assignment to Japan, perhaps because of previous exposure to leptospires at home. Conclusion: The 5% rate of seroconversion in 2013 and 2014 suggests that leptospirosis is a potential threat for Marines in the endemic region in Japan.
Published: 2019

39. The Habenular Receptor GPR151 Regulates Addiction Vulnerability Across Drug Classes

Author: Dao M, Michael H. Riad, Paul J. Kenny, Beatriz Antolin-Fontes, Kun Li, Henrik Molina, Sylvia M. Lipford, Jessica L. Ables, Jianjun Liu, Inés Ibañez-Tallon, Andreas Görlich, Maya Williams, and Cuidong Wang
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Cannabinoid receptor, Biology, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Synaptic vesicle, Nicotine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Habenula, medicine, Receptor, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology, G protein-coupled receptor, Addiction vulnerability, medicine.drug
Abstract: SUMMARYThe habenula controls the addictive properties of nicotine but also densely expresses opioid and cannabinoid receptors. As such, identification of strategies to manipulate habenular activity may yield new approaches to treat substance use disorders. Here we show that GPR151, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) highly enriched in the habenula of humans and rodents plays a critical role in regulating habenular function and behavioral responses to addictive drugs. We show that GPR151 is expressed on axonal and presynaptic membranes and synaptic vesicles, and regulates synaptic fidelity and plasticity. We find that GPR151 associates with synaptic components controlling vesicle release and ion transport and couples to the G-alpha inhibitory protein Gαo1to reduce cAMP levels. Stable cell lines expressing GPR151 confirm that it signals via Gi/o and are amenable to ligand screens.Gpr151null mice show diminished behavioral responses to nicotine, and self-administer greater quantities of the drug, phenotypes rescued by viral re-expression ofGpr151in the habenula.Gpr151null mice are also insensitive to the behavioral actions of morphine and cannabinoids. These data identify GPR151 as a critical modulator of habenular function that controls addiction vulnerability across different drug classes.HighlightsHabenula neurons are enriched in nicotinic, opioid, cannabinoid and GPR151 receptorsGPR151 modulates synaptic fidelity and release probability at habenular terminals.Habenular GPR151 plays a role in drug abuse and food intake/weight controlGPR151 couples to the G-alpha inhibitory protein Gαo1to reduce cAMP levels.eTOC BlurbAntolin-Fontes at al. identify a G protein-coupled receptor, GPR151, which is highly enriched in human habenular neurons. These neurons are primarily enriched with nicotinic, opioid and cannabinoid receptors. We find that GPR151 modulates habenular synaptic vesicle release probability and behavioral responses to these drugs of abuse.
Published: 2019
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40. Zika virus surveillance in active duty U.S. military and dependents through the Naval Infectious Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory

Author: Victor A, Sugiharto, Susana, Widjaja, Laurie J, Hartman, Maya, Williams, Todd E, Myers, and Mark P, Simons
Subjects: Adult, Male, Military Personnel, Pregnancy, Zika Virus Infection, Humans, Female, Zika Virus, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, United States
Abstract: The Naval Infectious Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory (NIDDL) serves as a reference clinical laboratory that supports Department of Defense (DoD) military treatment facilities worldwide in the detection and identification of high-risk and emerging infectious diseases. Since the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Western Hemisphere in 2016, the NIDDL has been a central hub for ZIKV testing for DoD personnel and beneficiaries. Samples collected during patients' clinical evaluations were screened for evidence of possible exposure to ZIKV using molecular and serological methods. An in-house ZIKV plaque reduction neutralization test was used to confirm the presence of ZIKV immunoglobulin M antibody. Of 1,420 individuals tested, ZIKV infection was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in 11 (0.8%); an additional 26 recent flaviviral infections (possibly ZIKV) were identified based on serology (1.8%). These findings contribute to the understanding of the burden of ZIKV infections among DoD personnel and beneficiaries and highlight the role of the NIDDL in clinical diagnosis during emerging infectious disease outbreaks.
Published: 2019

41. Enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a tetravalent dengue DNA vaccine using electroporation and intradermal delivery

Author: Peifang Sun, Maria Blevins, Appavu K. Sundaram, John W. Sanders, Daniel Ewing, Kanakatte Raviprakash, Maya Williams, and Kevin R. Porter
Subjects: Injections, Intradermal, 030231 tropical medicine, Dengue Vaccines, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Antibodies, Viral, Injections, Intramuscular, DNA vaccination, Dengue, 03 medical and health sciences, Interferon-gamma, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Drug Delivery Systems, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Antigen, Vaccines, DNA, Medicine, Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, Neutralizing antibody, B-Lymphocytes, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, business.industry, Immunogenicity, Electroporation, Vaccination, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Dengue Virus, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Macaca fascicularis, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, Intramuscular injection, business
Abstract: Phase 1 clinical trials with a DNA vaccine for dengue demonstrated that the vaccine is safe and well tolerated, however it produced less than optimal humoral immune responses. To determine if the immunogenicity of the tetravalent dengue DNA vaccine could be enhanced, we explored alternate, yet to be tested, methods of vaccine administration in non-human primates. Animals were vaccinated on days 0, 28 and 91 with either a low (1 mg) or high (5 mg) dose of vaccine by the intradermal or intramuscular route, using either needle-free injection or electroporation devices. Neutralizing antibody, IFN-γ T cell and memory B cell responses were compared to a high dose group vaccinated with a needle-free intramuscular injection delivery device similar to what had been used in previous preclinical and clinical studies. All previously untested vaccination methodologies elicited improved immune responses compared to the high dose needle-free intramuscular injection delivery group. The highest neutralizing antibody responses were observed in the group that was vaccinated with the high dose formulation via intradermal electroporation. The highest IFN-γ T cell responses were also observed in the high dose intradermal electroporation group and the CD8+ T cells were the dominant contributors for the IFNγ response. Memory B cells were detected for all four serotypes. More than a year after vaccination, groups were challenged with dengue-1 virus. Both the low and high dose intradermal electroporation groups had significantly fewer days of dengue-1 virus RNAemia compared to the control group. The results from this study demonstrate that using either an electroporation device and/or the intradermal route of delivery increases the immune response generated by this vaccine in non-human primates and should be explored in humans.
Published: 2019

42. Pay-for-Success Financing: Innovation in Funding Supportive Housing Initiatives

Author: Maya Williams, Calvin L. Streeter, and Ann Howard
Subjects: Finance, Housing First, business.industry, Bond, Impact investing, Supportive housing, Public value, business, Social issues, Investment (macroeconomics), Scientific evidence
Abstract: The pay-for-success (PFS) model, sometimes called social impact bonds, has gained momentum in recent years as an innovative strategy to bring private investments to support efforts designed to reduce social problems. While somewhat complex, the basic idea of PFS is that private impact investors, often high-wealth individuals, invest in innovative programs targeting significant social problems and whose efficacy is supported by sound scientific evidence. The contract between investors, intermediary, and end-payors specifies how program success will be defined and measured using rigorous evaluation methodologies. If the program is successful, investors receive a return on their investment from the end-payors. This chapter provides an introduction to the PFS model and overviews several PFS-funded initiatives focused on supportive housing across the USA.
Published: 2019

43. Development and Validation of a Quantitative, One-Step, Multiplex, Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assay for Detection of Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses

Author: Carolina Guevara, Todd E. Myers, Monika Simmons, Donald Jungkind, Huo-Shu H. Houng, and Maya Williams
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Time Factors, viruses, 030106 microbiology, Biology, Dengue virus, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Virus, Dengue fever, Microbiology, Dengue, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, TaqMan, medicine, Humans, Multiplex, Chikungunya, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, virus diseases, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Dengue Virus, medicine.disease, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, 030104 developmental biology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Chikungunya Fever, Chikungunya virus, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract: Dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are important human pathogens with common transmission vectors and similar clinical presentations. Patient care may be impacted by the misdiagnosis of DENV and CHIKV in areas where both viruses cocirculate. In this study, we have developed and validated a one-step multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) to simultaneously detect, quantify, and differentiate between four DENV serotypes (pan-DENV) and chikungunya virus. The assay uses TaqMan technology, employing two forward primers, three reverse primers, and four fluorophore-labeled probes in a single-reaction format. Coextracted and coamplified RNA was used as an internal control (IC), and in vitro -transcribed DENV and CHIKV RNAs were used to generate standard curves for absolute quantification. The diagnostic 95% limits of detection (LOD) within the linear range were 50 and 60 RNA copies/reaction for DENV (serotypes 1 to 4) and CHIKV, respectively. Our assay was able to detect 53 different strains of DENV, representing four serotypes, and six strains of CHIKV. No cross-reactivity was observed with related flaviviruses and alphaviruses, To evaluate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, 89 clinical samples positive or negative for DENV (serotypes 1 to 4) and CHIKV by the standard virus isolation method were tested in our assay. The multiplex RT-PCR assay showed 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for DENV and 100% sensitivity and specificity for CHIKV. With an assay turnaround time of less than 2 h, including extraction of RNA, the multiplex quantitative RT-PCR assay provides rapid diagnosis for the differential detection of two clinically indistinguishable diseases, whose geographical occurrence is increasingly overlapping.
Published: 2016

44. Geographical Assessment of Rickettsioses in Indonesia

Author: Allen L. Richards, Patrick J. Blair, Maya Williams, Imelda Winoto, Craig A. Stoops, Arik Farzeli, Susana Widjaja, and Kathryn A. Barbara
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Indonesian archipelago, Range (biology), 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Small mammal, Ectoparasitic Infestations, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Virology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Significant risk, Mammals, biology, Ecology, Rickettsia Infections, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Antibodies, Bacterial, Spotted fever, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Rickettsia, Indonesia, geographic locations, Typhus
Abstract: To expand the documentation of rickettsioses in Indonesia, we conducted an ectoparasite and small mammal investigation involving four major islands: Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Kalimantan. Coastal and highland regions on each island surveyed were chosen to represent different ecologies in Indonesia. Indication of the presence of Rickettsia spp. was evident in all areas sampled. Typhus group rickettsiae-specific antibodies had significantly higher prevalence among small mammals captured in Java compared to the other islands surveyed (78% in coastal and 50% in highland regions) and the prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae-specific antibodies was significantly higher in Kalimantan than the other islands investigated. Hosts and vectors were restricted by Rickettsia spp. but not by coastal or highland regions. Our findings expand the range in which rickettsial pathogens have been documented within the Indonesian archipelago and point to a significant risk to human health.
Published: 2016

45. The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery

Author: T.E.F. Abbott, T. Ahmad, M.K. Phull, A.J. Fowler, R. Hewson, B.M. Biccard, M.S. Chew, M. Gillies, R.M. Pearse, Rupert M. Pearse, Scott Beattie, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Nicolas Demartines, Lee A. Fleisher, Mike Grocott, James Haddow, Andreas Hoeft, Peter Holt, Rui Moreno, Naomi Pritchard, Andrew Rhodes, Duminda Wijeysundera, Matt Wilson, Tahania Ahmed, Kirsty Everingham, Russell Hewson, Marta Januszewska, Mandeep-Kaur Phull, Richard Halliwell, Mark Shulman, Paul Myles, Werner Schmid, Michael Hiesmayr, Patrick Wouters, Stefan de Hert, Suzana Lobo, Xiangming Fang, Lars Rasmussen, Emmanuel Futier, Matthieu Biais, Aurélien Venara, Karem Slim, Michael Sander, Despoina Koulenti, Kostoula Arvaniti, Mathew Chan, Atul Kulkarni, Susilo Chandra, Aida Tantri, Emad Geddoa, Muntadhar Abbas, Giorgio Della Rocca, Datin Sivasakthi, Marzida Mansor, Pastor Luna, Arthur Bouwman, Wolfgang Buhre, Vanessa Beavis, Douglas Campbell, Tim Short, Tunde Osinaike, Ricardo Matos, Ioana Grigoras, Mikhail Kirov, Denis Protsenko, Bruce Biccard, Cesar Aldecoa, Michelle Chew, Christoph Hofer, Martin Hubner, James Ditai, Tamas Szakmany, Lee Fleisher, Marissa Ferguson, Michael MacMahon, Ritchie Cherian, Helen Currow, Kathirgamanathan Kanathiban, David Gillespie, Edward Pathmanathan, Katherine Phillips, Jenifer Reynolds, Joanne Rowley, Jeanene Douglas, Ross Kerridge, Sameer Garg, Michael Bennett, Megha Jain, David Alcock, Nico Terblanche, Rochelle Cotter, Kate Leslie, Marcelle Stewart, Nicolette Zingerle, Antony Clyde, Oliver Hambidge, Adam Rehak, Sharon Cotterell, Wilson Binh Quan Huynh, Timothy McCulloch, Erez Ben-Menachem, Thomas Egan, Jennifer Cope, Paul Fellinger, Markus Haisjackl, Simone Haselberger, Caroline Holaubek, Paul Lichtenegger, Florian Scherz, Franz Hoffer, Veronika Cakova, Andreas Eichwalder, Norbert Fischbach, Reinhold Klug, Elisabeth Schneider, Martin Vesely, Reinhart Wickenhauser, Karl Gernot Grubmueller, Marion Leitgeb, Friedrich Lang, Nancy Toro, Marlene Bauer, Friedrich Laengle, Claudia Haberl, Thomas Mayrhofer, Christoph Trybus, Christian Buerkle, Karin Forstner, Reinhard Germann, Harald Rinoesl, Elke Schindler, Ernst Trampitsch, Gerhard Bogner, Daniel Dankl, Martin Duenser, Gerhard Fritsch, Ilse Gradwohl-Matis, Andreas Hartmann, Thomas Hoelzenbein, Tarkan Jaeger, Franz Landauer, Gregor Lindl, Michael Lux, Johannes Steindl, Ottokar Stundner, Christian Szabo, Jawad Bidgoli, Hans Verdoodt, Patrice Forget, David Kahn, Fernande Lois, Mona Momeni, Caroline Prégardien, Audrey Pospiech, Arnaud Steyaert, Laurent Veevaete, Dirk De Kegel, Karen De Jongh, Luc Foubert, Carine Smitz, Marcel Vercauteren, Jan Poelaert, Veerle Van Mossevelde, Jacques Abeloos, Stefaan Bouchez, Marc Coppens, Luc De Baerdemaeker, Isabel Deblaere, Ann De Bruyne, Kristine Fonck, Bjorn Heyse, Tom Jacobs, Koen Lapage, Anneliese Moerman, Martine Neckebroek, Aliaksandra Parashchanka, Nathalie Roels, Nancy Van Den Eynde, Michael Vandenheuvel, JurgenVan Limmen, Ann Vanluchene, Caroline Vanpeteghem, Piet Wyffels, Christel Huygens, Punitha Vandenbempt, Marc Van de Velde, Dimitri Dylst, Bruno Janssen, Evelien Schreurs, Fábia Berganton Aleixo, Keulle Candido, Hugo Dias Batista, Mario Guimarães, Jaqueline Guizeline, João Hoffmann, Francisco Ricardo Marques Lobo, Vinícius Nascimento, Katia Nishiyama, Lucas Pazetto, Daniela Souza, Rodrigo Souza Rodrigues, Ana Maria Vilela dos Santos, Jaquelline Jardim, Luiz Marcelo Sá Malbouisson, Joao Silva, Paulo do Nascimento Junior, Thalissa Hermínia Baio, Gabriel Isaac Pereira de Castro, Henri Roger Watanabe Oliveira, Cristina Prata Amendola, Gutemberg Cardoso, Daniela Ortega, Ana Flavia Brotto, Mirella Cristine De Oliveira, Álvaro Réa-Neto, Fernando Dias, Maria Eduarda Travi, Luiza Zerman, Pedro Azambuja, Marcos Freitas Knibel, Antonio Martins, William Almeida, Calim Neder Neto, Maria Angela Tardelli, Eliana Caser, Marcio Machado, Crisitiano Aguzzoli, Sérgio Baldisserotto, Fernanda Beck Tabajara, Fernanda Bettega, La Hore Correa Rodrigues Júnior, Julia de Gasperi, Lais Faina, Marcos Farias Nolasco, Bruna Ferreira da Costa Fischer, Mariana Fosch de Campos Ferreira, Cristina Hartmann, Marta Kliemann, Gustavo Luis Hubert Ribeiro, Julia Merladete Fraga, Thiago Motta Netto, Laura Valduga Pozza, Paulo Rafael Wendling, Caroline Azevedo, Juliana Garcia, Marcel Lopes, Bernardo Maia, Paula Maselli, Ralph Melo, Weslley Mendes, Matheus Neves, Jacqueline Ney, Claudio Piras, Christopher Applewhaite, Adrienne Carr, Lorraine Chow, Kaylene Duttchen, Julena Foglia, Michael Greene, Ashley Hinther, Kendra Houston, Thomas Jared McCormick, Jennifer Mikhayel, Sam Montasser, Alex Ragan, Andrew Suen, Adrianna Woolsey, Hai Chuan Yu, Duane Funk, Stephen Kowalski, Regina Legaspi, Heather McDonald, Faisal Siddiqui, Jeremy Pridham, Bernadette Rowe, Sonia Sampson, Barton Thiessen, Geoff Zbitnew, Andre Bernard, Ronald George, Philip Jones, Rita Moor, Naveed Siddiqui, Alexandra Wolfer, Diem Tran, Denyse Winch, Gary Dobson, Thomas McCormick, Osama Montasser, Richard Hall, Leyla Baghirzada, Gerard Curley, Si Yuan Dai, Gregory Hare, Esther Lee, Uma Shastri, Albert Tsui, Anmol Yagnik, Danielle Alvares, Stephen Choi, Heather Dwyer, Kathrina Flores, Colin McCartney, Priya Somascanthan, Jo Carroll, Janneth Pazmino-Canizares, Noam Ami, Vincent Chan, Anahi Perlas, Ruth Argue, Yang Huang, Katie Lavis, Kelly Mayson, Ying Cao, Hong Gao, Tingju Hu, Jie Lv, Jian Yang, Yang Yang, Yi Zhong, Jing Zhou, Xiaohua Zou, Miao He, Xiaoying Li, Dihuan Luo, Haiying Wang, Tian Yu, Liyong Chen, Lijun Wang, Yunfei Cai, Zhongming Cao, Yanling Li, Jiaxin Lian, Haiyun Sun, Sheng Wang, Zhipeng Wang, Kenru Wang, Yi Zhu, Xindan Du, Hao Fan, Yunbin Fu, Lixia Huang, Yanming Huang, Haifang Hwan, Hong Luo, Pi-Sheng Qu, Fan Tao, Zhen Wang, Guoxiang Wang, Shun Wang, Yan Zhang, Xiaolin Zhang, Chao Chen, Weixing Wang, Zhengyuan Liu, Lihua Fan, Jing Tang, Yijun Chen, Yongjie Chen, Yangyang Han, Changshun Huang, Guojin Liang, Jing Shen, Jun Wang, Qiuhong Yang, Jungang Zhen, Haidong Zhou, Junping Chen, Zhang Chen, Xiaoyu Li, Bo Meng, Haiwang Ye, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yanbing Bi, Jianqiao Cao, Fengying Guo, Hong Lin, Yang Liu, Meng Lv, Pengcai Shi, Xiumei Song, Chuanyu Sun, Yongtao Sun, Yuelan Wang, Shenhui Wang, Min Zhang, Rong Chen, Jiabao Hou, Yan Leng, Qing-tao Meng, Li Qian, Zi-ying Shen, Zhong-yuan Xia, Rui Xue, Yuan Zhang, Bo Zhao, Xian-jin Zhou, Qiang Chen, Huinan Guo, Yongqing Guo, Yuehong Qi, Zhi Wang, Jianfeng Wei, Weiwei Zhang, Lina Zheng, Qi Bao, Yaqiu Chen, Yijiao Chen, Yue Fei, Nianqiang Hu, Xuming Hu, Min Lei, Xiaoqin Li, Xiaocui Lv, Fangfang Miao, Lingling Ouyang, Lu Qian, Conyu Shen, Yu Sun, Yuting Wang, Dong Wang, Chao Wu, Liyuan Xu, Jiaqi Yuan, Lina Zhang, Huan Zhang, Yapping Zhang, Jinning Zhao, Chong Zhao, Lei Zhao, Tianzhao Zheng, Dachun Zhou, Haiyan Zhou, Ce Zhou, Kaizhi Lu, Ting Zhao, Changlin He, Hong Chen, Shasha Chen, Baoli Cheng, Jie He, Lin Jin, Caixia Li, Hui Li, Yuanming Pan, Yugang Shi, Xiao Hong Wen, Shuijing Wu, Guohao Xie, Kai Zhang, Bing Zhao, Xianfu Lu, Feifei Chen, Qisheng Liang, Xuewu Lin, Yunzhi Ling, Gang Liu, Jing Tao, Lu Yang, Jialong Zhou, Fumei Chen, Zhonggui Cheng, Hanying Dai, Yunlin Feng, Benchao Hou, Haixia Gong, Chun hua Hu, Haijin Huang, Jian Huang, Zhangjie Jiang, Mengyuan Li, Jiamei Lin, Mei Liu, Weicheng Liu, Zhen Liu, Zhiyi Liu, Foquan Luo, Longxian Ma, Jia Min, Xiaoyun Shi, Zhiping Song, Xianwen Wan, Yingfen Xiong, Lin Xu, Shuangjia Yang, Qin Zhang, Hongyan Zhang, Huaigen Zhang, Xuekang Zhang, Lili Zhao, Weihong Zhao, Weilu Zhao, Xiaoping Zhu, Yun Bai, Linbi Chen, Sijia Chen, Qinxue Dai, Wujun Geng, Kunyuan Han, Xin He, Luping Huang, Binbin Ji, Danyun Jia, Shenhui Jin, Qianjun Li, Dongdong Liang, Shan Luo, Lulu Lwang, Yunchang Mo, Yuanyuan Pan, Xinyu Qi, Meizi Qian, Jinling Qin, Yelong Ren, Yiyi Shi, Junlu Wang, Junkai Wang, Leilei Wang, Junjie Xie, Yixiu Yan, Yurui Yao, Mingxiao Zhang, Jiashi Zhao, Xiuxiu Zhuang, Yanqiu Ai, Fang Du, Long He, Ledan Huang, Zhisong Li, Huijuan Li, Yetong Li, Liwei Li, Su Meng, Yazhuo Yuan, Enman Zhang, Jie Zhang, Shuna Zhao, Zhenrong Ji, Ling Pei, Li Wang, Chen Chen, Beibei Dong, Jing Li, Ziqiang Miao, Hongying Mu, Chao Qin, Lin Su, Zhiting Wen, Keliang Xie, Yonghao Yu, Fang Yuan, Xianwen Hu, Ye Zhang, Wangpin Xiao, Zhipeng Zhu, Qingqing Dai, Kaiwen Fu, Rong Hu, Xiaolan Hu, Song Huang, Yaqi Li, Yingping Liang, Shuchun Yu, Zheng Guo, Yan Jing, Na Tang, Jie Wu, Dajiang Yuan, Ruilin Zhang, Xiaoying Zhao, Yuhong Li, Hui-Ping Bai, Chun-Xiao Liu, Fei-Fei Liu, Wei Ren, Xiu-Li Wang, Guan-Jie Xu, Na Hu, Bo Li, Yangwen Ou, Yongzhong Tang, Shanglong Yao, Shihai Zhang, Cui-Cui Kong, Bei Liu, Tianlong Wang, Wei Xiao, Bo Lu, Yanfei Xia, Jiali Zhou, Fang Cai, Pushan Chen, Shuangfei Hu, Hongfa Wang, Qiong Xu, Liu Hu, Liang Jing, Bin Li, Qiang Liu, Yuejiang Liu, Xinjian Lu, Zhen Dan Peng, Xiaodong Qiu, Quan Ren, Youliang Tong, Jin Wang, Yazhou Wen, Qiong Wu, Jiangyan Xia, Jue Xie, Xiapei Xiong, Shixia Xu, Tianqin Yang, Hui Ye, Ning Yin, Jing Yuan, Qiuting Zeng, Baoling Zhang, Kang Zheng, Jing Cang, Shiyu Chen, Yu Fan, Shuying Fu, Xiaodong Ge, Baolei Guo, Wenhui Huang, Linghui Jiang, Xinmei Jiang, Yi Liu, Yan Pan, Yun Ren, Qi Shan, Jiaxing Wang, Fei Wang, Chi Wu, Xiaoguang Zhang, Ida Cecilie Christiansen, Simon Nørgaard Granum, Bodil Steen Rasmussen, Morten Daugaard, Rajiv Gambhir, Birgitte Brandsborg, Guðný Erla Steingrímsdóttir, Peter Jensen-Gadegaard, Karsten Skovgaard Olsen, Hanna Siegel, Katrine Zwicky Eskildsen, Mona Ring Gätke, Ida Wibrandt, Simon Bisgaard Heintzelmann, Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange, Rune Sarauw Lundsgaard, Louise Amstrup-Hansen, Claus Hovendal, Michael Larsen, Mette Lenstrup, Tina Kobborg, Jens Rolighed Larsen, Anette Barbre Pedersen, Søren Hübertz Smith, Rebecca Monett Oestervig, Arash Afshari, Cheme Andersen, Kim Ekelund, Erik Lilja Secher, Helene Beloeil, Sigismond Lasocki, Alexandre Ouattara, Marlene Sineus, Serge Molliex, Marie Lim Legouge, Florent Wallet, Antoine Tesniere, Christophe Gaudin, Paul Lehur, Emma Forsans, Stéphane de Rudnicki, Valerie Serra Maudet, Didier Mutter, Ghassan Sojod, Mehdi Ouaissi, Jean-Marc Regimbeau, Jacques Desbordes, Nicolas Comptaer, Diae el Manser, Sabine Ethgen, Gilles Lebuffe, Patrick Auer, Christine Härtl, Maria Deja, Kirill Legashov, Susanne Sonnemann, Carola Wiegand-Loehnert, Elke Falk, Marit Habicher, Stefan Angermair, Beatrix Laetsch, Katrin Schmidt, Christian Von Heymann, Axel Ramminger, Florian Jelschen, Svenja Pabel, Andreas Weyland, Elke Czeslick, Jochen Gille, Michael Malcharek, Armin Sablotzki, Katharina Lueke, Peter Wetzel, Joerg Weimann, Franz-Peter Lenhart, Florian Reichle, Frederike Schirmer, Michael Hüppe, Karl Klotz, Carla Nau, Julika Schön, Thomas Mencke, Christina Wasmund, Carla Bankewitz, Georg Baumgarten, Andreas Fleischer, Vera Guttenthaler, Yvonne Hack, Katharina Kirchgaessner, Olja Männer, Marlen Schurig-Urbaniak, Rafael Struck, Rebekka van Zyl, Maria Wittmann, Ulrich Goebel, Sarah Harris, Siegfried Veit, Evangelia Andreadaki, Flora Souri, Ioannis Katsiadramis, Anthi Skoufi, Maria Vasileiou, Eleni Aimoniotou- Georgiou, Anastasios Katsourakis, Fotini Veroniki, Glyceria Vlachogianni, Konstantina Petra, Dimitra Chlorou, Eirini Oloktsidou, Vasileios Ourailoglou, Konstantinos Papapostolou, Georgia Tsaousi, Panagoula Daikou, Georgia Dedemadi, Ioannis Kalaitzopoulos, Christos Loumpias, Sotirios Bristogiannis, Nikolaos Dafnios, Georgios Gkiokas, Elissaios Kontis, Dimitra Kozompoli, Aspasia Papailia, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Christol Bizios, Anastasia Koutsikou, Aleaxandra Moustaka, Ioannis Plaitakis, Apostolos Armaganidis, Theodora Christodoulopoulou, Mihail Lignos, Maria Theodorakopoulou, Andreas Asimakos, Eleni Ischaki, Angeliki Tsagkaraki, Spyros Zakynthinos, Eleni Antoniadou, Ioannis Koutelidakis, Dimitrios Lathyris, Irene Pozidou, Nikolaos Voloudakis, Maria Dalamagka, Gkonezou Elena, Christos Chronis, Dimitra Manolakaki, Dimitris Mosxogiannidis, Tatiana Slepova, Isaia-sissy Tsakiridou, Claire Lampiri, Anastasia Vachlioti, Christos Panagiotakis, Dimitrios Sfyras, Fotios Tsimpoukas, Athanasia Tsirogianni, Elena Axioti, Andreas Filippopoulos, Elli Kalliafa, George Kassavetis, Petros Katralis, Ioannis Komnos, Georgios Pilichos, Ifigenia Ravani, Antonis Totis, Eymorfia Apagaki, Andromachi Efthymiadi, Nikolaos Kampagiannis, Theoniki Paraforou, Agoritsa Tsioka, Georgios Georgiou, Aristeidis Vakalos, Aggeliki Bairaktari, Efthimios Charitos, George Markou, Panagiota Niforopoulou, Nikolaos Papakonstantinou, Evdoxia Tsigou, Archontoula Xifara, Menelaos Zoulamoglou, Panagiota Gkioni, Stylianos Karatzas, Aikaterini Kyparissi, Efstratios Mainas, Ioannis Papapanagiotou, Theonymfi Papavasilopoulou, George Fragandreas, Eleni Georgopoulou, Eleni Katsika, Kyriakos Psarras, Eirini Synekidou, Maria Verroiotou, Evangelia Vetsiou, Donika Zaimi, Athina Anagnou, Konstantinos Apostolou, Theodora Melissopoulou, Theophilos Rozenberg, Christos Tsigris, Georgios Boutsikos, Vasileios Kalles, Nikolaos Kotsalas, Christina Lavdaiou, Fotini Paikou, Georgia-Laura Panagou, Anna Spring, Ioannis Botis, Maria Drimala, Georgios Georgakakis, Ellada Kiourtzieva, Panagiota Ntouma, Apostolos Prionas, Kyriakos Xouplidis, Eleftheria Dalampini, Chrysavgi Giannaki, Christina Iasonidou, Orestis Ioannidis, Athina Lavrentieva, Athena Lavrentieva, George Papageorgiou, Maria Kokkinoy, Maria Stafylaraki, Stylianos Gaitanakis, Periclis Karydakis, Josef Paltoglou, Panagiotis Ponireas, Panagiotis Chaloulis, Athanasios Provatidis, Anisoglou Sousana, Varvara Vanessa Gardikou, Maria Konstantivelli, Olga Lataniotou, Elisavet Lisari, Maria Margaroni, Konstantinos Stamatiou, Edouardos Nikolaidis, Ioannis Pnevmatikos, Eleni Sertaridou, Alexandros Andreou, Eleni Arkalaki, Elias Athanasakis, Fotini Chaniotaki, Chatzimichali Aikaterini Chatzimichali, Maria Christofaki, Despina Dermitzaki, Klara Fiorentza, Georgios Frantzeskos, Elisavet Geromarkaki, Kalliopi Kafkalaki, Marina Kalogridaki, Konstyllia Karydi, Sofia Kokkini, Georgios Kougentakis, Tatiana Lefaki, Emmanouhl Lilitsis, Aikaterini Makatounaki, Polychronis Malliotakis, Dimosthenis Michelakis, Maria Neonaki, Vasileia Nyktari, Iliana Palikyra, Eleftherios Papadakis, Alexandra Papaioannou, Konstantinos Sfakianakis, Maria Sgouraki, Xenia Souvatzis, Anastasia Spartinou, Nefeli Stefanidou, Paulina Syrogianni, Georgia Tsagkaraki, Elena Arnaoutoglou, Christina Arnaoutoglou, Christina Bali, Vasilios Bouris, Rodamanthos Doumos, Konstantia-Paraskevi Gkini, Clio Kapaktsi, Vasilios Koulouras, Arian Lena, Dimitra Lepida, Evangelos Michos, Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Minas Paschopoulos, Vaia Aliki Rompou, Ioanna Siouti, Stavros Tsampalas, Ourania Ververidou, Georgios Zilis, Alexandra Charlalampidoy, Gregory Christodoulidis, Andreas Flossos, Konstantinos Stamoulis, Matthew Chan, Man Shing Caleb Tsang, Man Shing Tsang, Man Ling Lai, Chi Pang Yip, Hey Man Heymans Chan, Bassanio Law, Wing Sze Li, Hiu Man Chu, Emily Gar Yee Koo, Chi Cheong Joe Lam, Ka Ho Cheng, Tracy Lam, Susanna Chu, Wing yan Lam, Kin Wai Kevin Wong, Dilys Kwok, Ching Yue Janice Hung, Wai Kit Jacky Chan, Wing Lam Wong, Chun Kwong Eric Chung, Shu Kai Ma, Shuchi Kaushik, Bhagyesh Shah, Dhiren Shah, Sanjay Shah, Praburaj Ar, Radhakrishnan Muthuchellappan, Vandana Agarwal, Jigeeshu Divatia, Sanghamitra Mishra, Ganesh Nimje, Swati Pande, Sukhada Savarkar, Aditi Shrivastava, Martin Thomas, Shashikant Yegnaram, Rahmat Hidayatullah, Nasman Puar, Sumara Niman, Imai Indra, Zulkarnain Hamzah, Annika Yuliana, Ucu Nurhadiat Abidin, Ade Nurkacan Dursin, Andri Kurnia, Ade Susanti, Dini Handayani, Mahaalit Aribawa Alit, Aryabiantara Arya, Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi, Utara Hartawan Utara, Widnyana Made Wid, Semarawima Wima, Wiryana Made Wir, Brillyan Jehosua, Jonathan Kaunang, Eka Yudha Lantang, Rini Najoan, Neil Waworuntu, Hadi Awad, Akram Fuad, Burair Geddoa, Abdel Razzaq Khalaf, Sabah Al hussaini, Safauldeensalem Albaj, Maithem Kenber, Alessandra Bettinelli, Savino Spadaro, Carlo AlbertoVolta, Luigi Giancarlo, Vicari Sottosanti, Elisa Copetti, Lorenzo Spagnesi, Ilaria Toretti, Chiara Alloj, Silvano Cardellino, Livio Carmino, Eleonora Costanzo, Lucia Caterina Fanfani, Maria Teresa Novelli, Agostino Roasio, Mattia Bellandi, Luigi Beretta, Elena Bignami, Speranza Bocchino, Luca Cabrini, Daniele Corti, Giovanni Landoni, Roberta Meroni, Elena Moizo, Giacomo Monti, Margherita Pintaudi, Valentina Paola Plumari, Daiana Taddeo, Valentina Testa, Dario Winterton, Alberto Zangrillo, Luigi Maria Cloro, Chiara Colangelo, Antonio Colangelo, Giuseppe Rotunno, Miguel Angel Paludi, Cloro Paolo Maria, Antonio Pata, Vieri Parrini, Alessandro Gatta, Mauro Nastasi, Carla Tinti, Antonio Baroselli, Mario Arrigo, Angelo Benevento, Corrado Bottini, Maurizio Cannavo', Christian Gastaldi, Alessandro Marchesi, Angelantonio Pascazio, Francesco Pata, Emilio Pozzi, Alberto Premoli, Gaetano Tessera, Luca Boschi, Rocco D'Andrea, Federico Ghignone, Gilberto Poggioli, Andrea Sibilio, Mario Taffurelli, Giampaolo Ugolini, Mohd Azuan Ab Majid, Rusnah Ab Rahman, James Joseph, Furquan Pathan, Mohammad Hafizshah Sybil Shah, Huey Ling Yap, Seleen Cheah, Im Im Chin, Ji Keon Looi, Siew Ching Tan, Sheshendrasurian 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Ian Wrench, Lisa Zeidan, Diane Ardern, Benjamin Harris, Johanna Hellstrom, Jane Martin, Richard Thomas, Nimu Varsani, Caroline Wrey Brown, Philip Docherty, Michael Gillies, Euan McGregor, Helen Usher, Jayne Craig, Andrew Smith, Tahania Ahmad, Phoebe Bodger, Thais Creary, Alexander Fowler, Russ Hewson, Eke Ijuo, Timothy Jones, Ilya Kantsedikas, Sumitra Lahiri, Aaron Lawson McLean, Edyta Niebrzegowska, Mandeep Phull, Difei Wang, Nadine Wickboldt, Jacqueline Baldwin, Donna Doyle, Sean Mcmullan, Michelle Oladapo, Thomas Owen, Alexandra Williams, Hull Daniel, Peter Gregory, Tauqeer Husain, Justin Kirk-Bayley, Edward Mathers, Laura Montague, Mark Harper, Stuart White, James Jack, Carrie Ridley, Joanne Avis, Tim Cook, Lola Dali-Kemmery, Ian Kerslake, Victoria Lambourne, Annabel Pearson, Christine Boyd, Mark Callaghan, Cathy Lawson, Roopa McCrossan, Vanessa Nesbitt, Laura O'connor, Julia Scott, Rhona Sinclair, Nahla Farid, Ciro Morgese, Kailash Bhatia, Swati Karmarkar, Jamil Ahmed, Graham Branagan, Monica Hutton, Andrew Swain, Jamie Brookes, Jonathan Cornell, Rachael Dolan, Jonathan Hulme, Amanda Jansen van Vuuren, Tom Jowitt, Gunasheela Kalashetty, Fran Lloyd, Kiran Patel, Nicholas Sherwood, Lynne Brown, Ben Chandler, Kerry Deighton, Temlett Emma, Kirsty Haunch, Michelle Cheeseman, Kathy Dent, Sanjeev Garg, Carol Gray, Marion Hood, Dawn Jones, Joanne Juj, Roshan Rao, Tara Walker, Mashel Al Anizi, Clarissa Cheah, Yushio Cheing, Francisco Coutinho, Prisca Gondo, Bernard Hadebe, Mazvangu Onie Hove, null Ahamed khader, Bobby Krishnachetty, Karen Rhodes, Jagdish Sokhi, Katie-Anne Baker, Wendy Bertram, Alex Looseley, Ronelle Mouton, George Hanna, Glenn Arnold, Shobhit Arya, Danai Balfoussia, Linden Baxter, James Harris, Craig Jones, Alison Knaggs, Sheraz Markar, Anisha Perera, Alasdair Scott, Asako Shida, Ravneet Sirha, Sally Wright, Victoria Frost, Catherine Gray, Emma Andrews, Lindsay Arrandale, Stephen Barrett, Elna Cifra, Mariese Cooper, Dragos Dragnea, Cifra Elna, Jennifer Maclean, Sonja Meier, Donald Milliken, Christopher Munns, Nadir Ratanshi, Suneil Ramessur, Abegail Salvana, Anthony Watson, Hani Ali, Gill Campbell, Rebecca Critchley, Simon Endersby, Catherine Hicks, Alison Liddle, Marc Pass, Charlotte Ritchie, Charlotte Thomas, Lingxi Too, Sarah Welsh, Talvinder Gill, Joanne Johnson, Joanne Reed, Edward Davis, Sam Papadopoullos, Clare Attwood, Andrew Biffen, Kerenza Boulton, Sophie Gray, David Hay, Sarah Mills, Jane Montgomery, Rory Riddell, James Simpson, Neeraj Bhardwaj, Elaine Paul, Nosakhare Uwubamwen, Maini Alexander, James Arrich, Swarna Arumugam, Douglas Blackwood, Victoria Boggiano, Robyn Brown, Yik Lam Chan, Devnandan Chatterjee, Ashok Chhabra, Rachel Christian, Hannah Costelloe, Madeline Coxwell Matthewman, Emma Dalton, Julia Darko, Maria Davari, Tejal Dave, Matthew Deacon, Shantal Deepak, Holly Edmond, Jessica Ellis, Ahmed El-Sayed, Philip Eneje, Rose English, Renee Ewe, William Foers, John Franklin, Laura Gallego, Emily Garrett, Olivia Goldberg, Harry Goss, Rosanna Greaves, Rudy Harris, Charles Hennings, Eleanor Jones, Nelson Kamali, Naomi Kokkinos, Carys Lewis, Leda Lignos, Evaleen Victoria Malgapo, Rizwana Malik, Andrew Milne, John-Patrick Mulligan, Philippa Nicklin, Natasha Palipane, Thomas Parsons, Rebecca Piper, Rohan Prakash, Byron Ramesh, Sarah Rasip, Jacob Reading, Mariam Rela, Anna Reyes, Robert Stephens, Martin Rooms, Karishma Shah, Henry Simons, Shalil Solanki, Emma Spowart, Amy Stevens, Christopher Thomas, Helena Waggett, Arrash Yassaee, Anthony Kennedy, Sara Scott, Sameer Somanath, Andrew Berg, Miguel Hernandez, Rajesh Nanda, Ghanshyambhai Tank, Natalie Wilson, Debbie Wilson, Yassr Al-Soudaine, Matthew Baldwin, Julie Cornish, Zoe Davies, Leigh Davies, Marc Edwards, Natasha Frewer, Sian Gallard, James Glasbey, Rhiannon Harries, Luke Hopkins, Taeyang Kim, Vilavan Koompirochana, Simon Lawson, Megan Lewis, Zaid Makzal, Sarah Scourfield, Yousra Ahmad, Sarah Bates, Clare Blackwell, Helen Bryant, Hannah Collins, Suzanne Coulter, Ross Cruickshank, Sonya Daniel, Thomas Daubeny, Mark Edwards, Kim Golder, Lesley Hawkins, Bryant Helen, Honor Hinxman, Denny Levett, Karen Salmon, Leanne Seaward, Ben Skinner, Bryony Tyrell, Beverley Wadams, Joseph Walsgrove, Jane Dickson, Kathryn Constantin, Markwell Karen, Peter O'Brien, Lynn O'Donohoe, Hannah Payne, Saul Sundayi, Elaine Walker, Jenny Brooke, Jon Cardy, Sally Humphreys, Laura Kessack, Christiane Kubitzek, Suhas Kumar, Donna Cotterill, Emil Hodzovic, Gurunath Hosdurga, Edward Miles, Glenn Saunders, Marta Campbell, Peter Chan, Kim Jemmett, Ashok Raj, Aditi Naik, Ayo Oshowo, Rajarajan Ramamoorthy, Nimesh Shah, Axel Sylvan, Katharine Blyth, Andrew Burtenshaw, David Freeman, Emily Johnson, Philip Lo, Terry Martin, Emma Plunkett, Julie Wollaston, Joanna Allison, Christine Carroll, Nicholas Craw, Sarah Craw, Tressy Pitt-Kerby, Rebecca Rowland-Axe, Katie Spurdle, Andrew McDonald, Davies Simon, Vivek Sinha, Thomas Smith, Valerie Banner-Goodspeed, Myles Boone, Kathleen Campbell, Fengxin Lu, Joseph Scannell, Julia Sobol, Naraida Balajonda, Karen Clemmons, Carlos Conde, Magdi Elgasim, Bonita Funk, Roger Hall, Thomas Hopkins, Omowunmi Olaleye, Omer Omer, Michelle Pender, Angelo Porto, Alice Stevens, Peter Waweru, Erlinda Yeh, Daniella Bodansky, Adam Evans, Steven Kleopoulos, Robert Maril, Edward Mathney, Angela Sanchez, Elizabeth Tinuoye, Brian Bateman, Kristen Eng, Ning Jiang, Karim Ladha, Joseph Needleman, Lee-lynn Chen, Rondall Lane, David Robinowitz, Neil Ghushe, Mariam Irshad, John O'Connor, Samir Patel, Steven Takemoto, Art Wallace, Michael Mazzeffi, Peter Rock, Karin Wallace, Xiaomao Zhu, Pandora Chua, Matthew Mattera, Rebecca Sharar, Stephan Thilen, Miriam Treggiari, Angela Morgan, Iwan Sofjan, Kathirvel Subramaniam, Michael Avidan, Hannah Maybrier, Maxwell Muench, Troy Wildes, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Anesthesiology research group, Supporting clinical sciences, Anesthesiology, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Royal Free Hospital [London, UK], NHS Foundation Trust [London], The Royal Marsden, University of Cape Town, Linköping university hospital, University of Edinburgh, Abbott, T E F, Ahmad, T, Phull, M K, Fowler, A J, Hewson, R, Biccard, B M, Chew, M S, Gillies, M, Pearse RM, Beattie S, Clavien PA, Demartines N, Fleisher LA, Grocott M, Haddow J, Hoeft A, Holt P, Moreno R, Pritchard N, Rhodes A, Wijeysundera D, Wilson M, Ahmed T, Everingham K, Hewson R, Januszewska M, Phull MK, Halliwell R, Shulman M, Myles P, Schmid W, Hiesmayr M, Wouters P, de Hert S, Lobo S, Fang X, Rasmussen L, Futier E, Biais M, Venara A, Slim K, Sander M, Koulenti D, Arvaniti K, Chan M, Kulkarni A, Chandra S, Tantri A, Geddoa E, Abbas M, Della Rocca G, Sivasakthi D, Mansor M, Luna P, Bouwman A, Buhre W, Beavis V, Campbell D, Short T, Osinaike T, Matos R, Grigoras I, Kirov M, Protsenko D, Biccard B, Aldecoa C, Chew M, Hofer C, Hubner M, Ditai J, Szakmany T, Fleisher L, Ferguson M, MacMahon M, Cherian R, Currow H, Kanathiban K, Gillespie D, Pathmanathan E, Phillips K, Reynolds J, Rowley J, Douglas J, Kerridge R, Garg S, Bennett M, Jain M, Alcock D, Terblanche N, Cotter R, Leslie K, Stewart M, Zingerle N, Clyde A, Hambidge O, Rehak A, Cotterell S, Huynh WBQ, McCulloch T, Ben-Menachem E, Egan T, Cope J, Fellinger P, Haisjackl M, Haselberger S, Holaubek C, Lichtenegger P, Scherz F, Hoffer F, Cakova V, Eichwalder A, Fischbach N, Klug R, Schneider E, Vesely M, Wickenhauser R, Grubmueller KG, Leitgeb M, Lang F, Toro N, Bauer M, Laengle F, Haberl C, Mayrhofer T, Trybus C, Buerkle C, Forstner K, Germann R, Rinoesl H, Schindler E, Trampitsch E, Bogner G, Dankl D, Duenser M, Fritsch G, Gradwohl-Matis I, Hartmann A, Hoelzenbein T, Jaeger T, Landauer F, Lindl G, Lux M, Steindl J, Stundner O, Szabo C, Bidgoli J, Verdoodt H, Forget P, Kahn D, Lois F, Momeni M, Prégardien C, Pospiech A, Steyaert A, Veevaete L, De Kegel D, De Jongh K, Foubert L, Smitz C, Vercauteren M, Poelaert J, Van Mossevelde V, Abeloos J, Bouchez S, Coppens M, De Baerdemaeker L, Deblaere I, De Bruyne A, Fonck K, Heyse B, Jacobs T, Lapage K, Moerman A, Neckebroek M, Parashchanka A, Roels N, Van Den Eynde N, Vandenheuvel M, Limmen J, Vanluchene A, Vanpeteghem C, Wyffels P, Huygens C, Vandenbempt P, Van de Velde M, Dylst D, Janssen B, Schreurs E, Aleixo FB, Candido K, Batista HD, Guimarães M, Guizeline J, Hoffmann J, Lobo FRM, Nascimento V, Nishiyama K, Pazetto L, Souza D, Rodrigues RS, Vilela Dos Santos AM, Jardim J, Sá Malbouisson LM, Silva J, Nascimento Junior PD, Baio TH, Pereira de Castro GI, Watanabe Oliveira HR, Amendola CP, Cardoso G, Ortega D, Brotto AF, De Oliveira MC, Réa-Neto Á, Dias F, Travi ME, Zerman L, Azambuja P, Knibel MF, Martins A, Almeida W, Neto CN, Tardelli MA, Caser E, Machado M, Aguzzoli C, Baldisserotto S, Tabajara FB, Bettega F, Rodrigues Júnior HC, de Gasperi J, Faina L, Nolasco MF, Ferreira da Costa Fischer B, Fosch de Campos Ferreira M, Hartmann C, Kliemann M, Hubert Ribeiro GL, Fraga JM, Netto TM, Pozza LV, Wendling PR, Azevedo C, Garcia J, Lopes M, Maia B, Maselli P, Melo R, Mendes W, Neves M, Ney J, Piras C, Applewhaite C, Carr A, Chow L, Duttchen K, Foglia J, Greene M, Hinther A, Houston K, McCormick TJ, Mikhayel J, Montasser S, Ragan A, Suen A, Woolsey A, Yu HC, Funk D, Kowalski S, Legaspi R, McDonald H, Siddiqui F, Pridham J, Rowe B, Sampson S, Thiessen B, Zbitnew G, Bernard A, George R, Jones P, Moor R, Siddiqui N, Wolfer A, Tran D, Winch D, Dobson G, McCormick T, Montasser O, Hall R, Baghirzada L, Curley G, Dai SY, Hare G, Lee E, Shastri U, Tsui A, Yagnik A, Alvares D, Choi S, Dwyer H, Flores K, McCartney C, Somascanthan P, Carroll J, Pazmino-Canizares J, Wolfer A, Ami N, Chan V, Perlas A, Argue R, Huang Y, Lavis K, Mayson K, Cao Y, Gao H, Hu T, Lv J, Yang J, Yang Y, Zhong Y, Zhou J, Zou X, He M, Li X, Luo D, Wang H, Yu T, Chen L, Wang L, Cai Y, Cao Z, Li Y, Lian J, Sun H, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang K, Zhu Y, Du X, Fan H, Fu Y, Huang L, Huang Y, Hwan H, Luo H, Qu PS, Tao F, Wang Z, Wang G, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen C, Wang W, Liu Z, Fan L, Tang J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Han Y, Huang C, Liang G, Shen J, Wang J, Yang Q, Zhen J, Zhou H, Chen J, Chen Z, Li X, Meng B, Ye H, Zhang X, Bi Y, Cao J, Guo F, Lin H, Liu Y, Lv M, Shi P, Song X, Sun C, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang M, Chen R, Hou J, Leng Y, Meng QT, Qian L, Shen ZY, Xia ZY, Xue R, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhou XJ, Chen Q, Guo H, Guo Y, Qi Y, Wang Z, Wei J, Zhang W, Zheng L, Bao Q, Chen Y, Chen Y, Fei Y, Hu N, Hu X, Lei M, Li X, Lv X, Miao F, Ouyang L, Qian L, Shen C, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang D, Wu C, Xu L, Yuan J, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhao C, Zhao L, Zheng T, Zhou D, Zhou H, Zhou C, Lu K, Zhao T, He C, Chen H, Chen S, Cheng B, He J, Jin L, Li C, Li H, Pan Y, Shi Y, Wen XH, Wu S, Xie G, Zhang K, Zhao B, Lu X, Chen F, Liang Q, Lin X, Ling Y, Liu G, Tao J, Yang L, Zhou J, Chen F, Cheng Z, Dai H, Feng Y, Hou B, Gong H, Hu CH, Huang H, Huang J, Jiang Z, Li M, Lin J, Liu M, Liu W, Liu Z, Liu Z, Luo F, Ma L, Min J, Shi X, Song Z, Wan X, Xiong Y, Xu L, Yang S, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhao L, Zhao W, Zhao W, Zhu X, Bai Y, Chen L, Chen S, Dai Q, Geng W, Han K, He X, Huang L, Ji B, Jia D, Jin S, Li Q, Liang D, Luo S, Lwang L, Mo Y, Pan Y, Qi X, Qian M, Qin J, Ren Y, Shi Y, Wang J, Wang J, Wang L, Xie J, Yan Y, Yao Y, Zhang M, Zhao J, Zhuang X, Ai Y, Du F, He L, Huang L, Li Z, Li H, Li Y, Li L, Meng S, Yuan Y, Zhang E, Zhang J, Zhao S, Ji Z, Pei L, Wang L, Chen C, Dong B, Li J, Miao Z, Mu H, Qin C, Su L, Wen Z, Xie K, Yu Y, Yuan F, Hu X, Zhang Y, Xiao W, Zhu Z, Dai Q, Fu K, Hu R, Hu X, Huang S, Li Y, Liang Y, Yu S, Guo Z, Jing Y, Tang N, Wu J, Yuan D, Zhang R, Zhao X, Li Y, Bai HP, Liu CX, Liu FF, Ren W, Wang XL, Xu GJ, Hu N, Li B, Ou Y, Tang Y, Yao S, Zhang S, Kong CC, Liu B, Wang T, Xiao W, Lu B, Xia Y, Zhou J, Cai F, Chen P, Hu S, Wang H, Xu Q, Hu L, Jing L, Li B, Liu Q, Liu Y, Lu X, Peng ZD, Qiu X, Ren Q, Tong Y, Wang J, Wen Y, Wu Q, Xia J, Xie J, Xiong X, Xu S, Yang T, Ye H, Yin N, Yuan J, Zeng Q, Zhang B, Zheng K, Cang J, Chen S, Fan Y, Fu S, Ge X, Guo B, Huang W, Jiang L, Jiang X, Liu Y, Pan Y, Ren Y, Shan Q, Wang J, Wang F, Wu C, Zhang X, Christiansen IC, Granum SN, Rasmussen BS, Daugaard M, Gambhir R, Brandsborg B, Steingrímsdóttir GE, Jensen-Gadegaard P, Olsen KS, Siegel H, Eskildsen KZ, Gätke MR, Wibrandt I, Heintzelmann SB, Wiborg Lange KH, Lundsgaard RS, Amstrup-Hansen L, Hovendal C, Larsen M, Lenstrup M, Kobborg T, Larsen JR, Pedersen AB, Smith SH, Oestervig RM, Afshari A, Andersen C, Ekelund K, Secher EL, Beloeil H, Lasocki S, Ouattara A, Sineus M, Molliex S, Legouge ML, Wallet F, Tesniere A, Gaudin C, Lehur P, Forsans E, de Rudnicki S, Maudet VS, Mutter D, Sojod G, Ouaissi M, Regimbeau JM, Desbordes J, Comptaer N, Manser DE, Ethgen S, Lebuffe G, Auer P, Härtl C, Deja M, Legashov K, Sonnemann S, Wiegand-Loehnert C, Falk E, Habicher M, Angermair S, Laetsch B, Schmidt K, Von Heymann C, Ramminger A, Jelschen F, Pabel S, Weyland A, Czeslick E, Gille J, Malcharek M, Sablotzki A, Lueke K, Wetzel P, Weimann J, Lenhart FP, Reichle F, Schirmer F, Hüppe M, Klotz K, Nau C, Schön J, Mencke T, Wasmund C, Bankewitz C, Baumgarten G, Fleischer A, Guttenthaler V, Hack Y, Kirchgaessner K, Männer O, Schurig-Urbaniak M, Struck R, van Zyl R, Wittmann M, Goebel U, Harris S, Veit S, Andreadaki E, Souri F, Katsiadramis I, Skoufi A, Vasileiou M, Aimoniotou-Georgiou E, Katsourakis A, Veroniki F, Vlachogianni G, Petra K, Chlorou D, Oloktsidou E, Ourailoglou V, Papapostolou K, Tsaousi G, Daikou P, Dedemadi G, Kalaitzopoulos I, Loumpias C, Bristogiannis S, Dafnios N, Gkiokas G, Kontis E, Kozompoli D, Papailia A, Theodosopoulos T, Bizios C, Koutsikou A, Moustaka A, Plaitakis I, Armaganidis A, Christodoulopoulou T, Lignos M, Theodorakopoulou M, Asimakos A, Ischaki E, Tsagkaraki A, Zakynthinos S, Antoniadou E, Koutelidakis I, Lathyris D, Pozidou I, Voloudakis N, Dalamagka M, Elena G, Chronis C, Manolakaki D, 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Ponireas P, Chaloulis P, Provatidis A, Sousana A, Gardikou VV, Konstantivelli M, Lataniotou O, Lisari E, Margaroni M, Stamatiou K, Nikolaidis E, Pnevmatikos I, Sertaridou E, Andreou A, Arkalaki E, Athanasakis E, Chaniotaki F, Chatzimichali CA, Christofaki M, Dermitzaki D, Fiorentza K, Frantzeskos G, Geromarkaki E, Kafkalaki K, Kalogridaki M, Karydi K, Kokkini S, Kougentakis G, Lefaki T, Lilitsis E, Makatounaki A, Malliotakis P, Michelakis D, Neonaki M, Nyktari V, Palikyra I, Papadakis E, Papaioannou A, Sfakianakis K, Sgouraki M, Souvatzis X, Spartinou A, Stefanidou N, Syrogianni P, Tsagkaraki G, Arnaoutoglou E, Arnaoutoglou C, Bali C, Bouris V, Doumos R, Gkini KP, Kapaktsi C, Koulouras V, Lena A, Lepida D, Michos E, Papadopoulos D, Paschopoulos M, Rompou VA, Siouti I, Tsampalas S, Ververidou O, Zilis G, Charlalampidoy A, Christodoulidis G, Flossos A, Stamoulis K, Chan M, Tsang MSC, Tsang MS, Lai ML, Yip CP, Heymans Chan HM, Law B, Li WS, Chu HM, Koo EGY, Lam CCJ, Cheng KH, Lam T, Chu S, Lam WY, Wong KWK, Kwok D, Hung CYJ, Chan WKJ, Wong WL, Chung CKE, Ma SK, Kaushik S, Shah B, Shah D, Shah S, Ar P, Muthuchellappan R, Agarwal V, Divatia J, Mishra S, Nimje G, Pande S, Savarkar S, Shrivastava A, Thomas M, Yegnaram S, Hidayatullah R, Puar N, Niman S, Indra I, Hamzah Z, Yuliana A, Abidin UN, Dursin AN, Kurnia A, Susanti A, Handayani D, Alit MA, Arya A, Senapathi TGA, Utara UH, Wid WM, Wima S, Wir WM, Jehosua B, Kaunang J, Lantang EY, Najoan R, Waworuntu N, Awad H, Fuad A, Geddoa B, Khalaf AR, Al Hussaini S, Albaj S, Kenber M, Bettinelli A, Spadaro S, AlbertoVolta C, Giancarlo L, Sottosanti V, Copetti E, Spagnesi L, Toretti I, Alloj C, Cardellino S, Carmino L, Costanzo E, Fanfani LC, Novelli MT, Roasio A, Bellandi M, Beretta L, Bignami E, Bocchino S, Cabrini L, Corti D, Landoni G, Meroni R, Moizo E, Monti G, Pintaudi M, Plumari VP, Taddeo D, Testa V, Winterton D, Zangrillo A, Cloro LM, Colangelo C, Colangelo A, Rotunno G, Paludi MA, Maria CP, Pata A, Parrini V, Gatta A, Nastasi M, Tinti C, Baroselli A, Arrigo M, Benevento A, Bottini C, Cannavo' M, Gastaldi C, Marchesi A, Pascazio A, Pata F, Pozzi E, Premoli A, Tessera G, Boschi L, D'Andrea R, Ghignone F, Poggioli G, Sibilio A, Taffurelli M, Ugolini G, Ab Majid MA, Ab Rahman R, Joseph J, Pathan F, Sybil Shah MH, Yap HL, Cheah S, Chin II, Looi JK, Tan SC, Visvalingam S, Kwok FY, Lee CK, Tan TS, Wong SM, Abdullah NH, Liew CF, Luxuman L, Mohd Zin NH, Norddin MF, Raja Alias RL, Wong JY, Yong J, Bin Mustapha MT, Chan WK, Dzulkipli N, Kuan PX, Lee YC, Alias A, Guok EC, Jee CC, Ramon BR, Wong CW, Abd Ghafar FNI, Aziz FZ, Hussain N, Lee HS, Sukawi I, Woon YL, Abd Hadi HZ, Ahmad Azam UA, Alias AH, Kesut SA, Lee JM, Ooi DV, Sulaiman HA, Lih TAT, Veerakumaran J, Rojas E, Resendiz GEA, Zapata DDM, López JCJA, Flores AAA, Amador JCB, Avila EJD, Aquino LPG, Rodriguez RL, Landa MT, Urias E, Hollmann M, Hulst A, Benedikt Preckel OK, Gemert AK, Buise M, Tolenaar N, Weber E, de Fretes J, Houweling P, Ormskerk P, Van 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Dodiyi-Manuel A, Echem R, Obasuyi B, Onajin-Obembe B, Bandeira ME, Martins A, Tomé M, Costa ACMM, Krystopchuk A, Branco T, Esteves S, Melo MA, Monte J, Rua F, Martins I, Pinho-Oliveira VM, Rodrigues CM, Cabral R, Marques S, Rêgo S, Jesus JST, Marques MC, Romao C, Dias S, Santos AM, Alves MJ, Salta C, Cruz S, Duarte C, Paiva AAF, Cabral TDN, Faria E Maia D, Correia da Silva RFM, Langner A, Resendes HO, Soares MDC, Abrunhosa A, Faria F, Miranda L, Pereira H, Serra S, Ionescu D, Margarit S, Mitre C, Vasian H, Manga G, Stefan A, Tomescu D, Filipescu D, Paunescu MA, Stefan M, Stoica R, Gavril L, Pătrășcanu E, Ristescu I, Rusu D, Diaconescu C, Iosep GF, Pulbere D, Ursu I, Balanescu A, Grintescu I, Mirea L, Rentea I, Vartic M, Lupu MN, Stanescu D, Streanga L, Antal O, Hagau N, Patras D, Petrisor C, Tosa F, Tranca S, Copotoiu SM, Ungureanu LL, Harsan CR, Papurica M, Cernea DD, Dragoescu NA, CarmenVaida LA, Ciobotaru OR, Aignatoaie M, Carp CP, Cobzaru I, Mardare O, Purcarin B, Tutunaru V, 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D, Wickboldt N, Baldwin J, Doyle D, Mcmullan S, Oladapo M, Owen T, Williams A, Daniel H, Gregory P, Husain T, Kirk-Bayley J, Mathers E, Montague L, Harper M, White S, Jack J, Ridley C, Avis J, Cook T, Dali-Kemmery L, Kerslake I, Lambourne V, Pearson A, Boyd C, Callaghan M, Lawson C, McCrossan R, Nesbitt V, O'connor L, Scott J, Sinclair R, Farid N, Morgese C, Bhatia K, Karmarkar S, Ahmed J, Branagan G, Hutton M, Swain A, Brookes J, Cornell J, Dolan R, Hulme J, Jansen van Vuuren A, Jowitt T, Kalashetty G, Lloyd F, Patel K, Sherwood N, Brown L, Chandler B, Deighton K, Emma T, Haunch K, Cheeseman M, Dent K, Garg S, Gray C, Hood M, Jones D, Juj J, Rao R, Walker T, Al Anizi M, Cheah C, Cheing Y, Coutinho F, Gondo P, Hadebe B, Hove MO, Ahamed Khader, Krishnachetty B, Rhodes K, Sokhi J, Baker KA, Bertram W, Looseley A, Mouton R, Hanna G, Arnold G, Arya S, Balfoussia D, Baxter L, Harris J, Jones C, Knaggs A, Markar S, Perera A, Scott A, Shida A, Sirha R, Wright S, Frost V, Gray C, Andrews E, 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M, Shah K, Simons H, Solanki S, Spowart E, Stevens A, Thomas C, Waggett H, Yassaee A, Kennedy A, Scott S, Somanath S, Berg A, Hernandez M, Nanda R, Tank G, Wilson N, Wilson D, Al-Soudaine Y, Baldwin M, Cornish J, Davies Z, Davies L, Edwards M, Frewer N, Gallard S, Glasbey J, Harries R, Hopkins L, Kim T, Koompirochana V, Lawson S, Lewis M, Makzal Z, Scourfield S, Ahmad Y, Bates S, Blackwell C, Bryant H, Collins H, Coulter S, Cruickshank R, Daniel S, Daubeny T, Edwards M, Golder K, Hawkins L, Helen B, Hinxman H, Levett D, Salmon K, Seaward L, Skinner B, Tyrell B, Wadams B, Walsgrove J, Dickson J, Constantin K, Karen M, O'Brien P, O'Donohoe L, Payne H, Sundayi S, Walker E, Brooke J, Cardy J, Humphreys S, Kessack L, Kubitzek C, Kumar S, Cotterill D, Hodzovic E, Hosdurga G, Miles E, Saunders G, Campbell M, Chan P, Jemmett K, Raj A, Naik A, Oshowo A, Ramamoorthy R, Shah N, Sylvan A, Blyth K, Burtenshaw A, Freeman D, Johnson E, Lo P, Martin T, Plunkett E, Wollaston J, Allison J, Carroll C, Craw N, Craw S, Pitt-Kerby T, Rowland-Axe R, Spurdle K, McDonald A, Simon D, Sinha V, Smith T, Banner-Goodspeed V, Boone M, Campbell K, Lu F, Scannell J, Sobol J, Balajonda N, Clemmons K, Conde C, Elgasim M, Funk B, Hall R, Hopkins T, Olaleye O, Omer O, Pender M, Porto A, Stevens A, Waweru P, Yeh E, Bodansky D, Evans A, Kleopoulos S, Maril R, Mathney E, Sanchez A, Tinuoye E, Bateman B, Eng K, Jiang N, Ladha K, Needleman J, Chen LL, Lane R, Robinowitz D, Ghushe N, Irshad M, O'Connor J, Patel S, Takemoto S, Wallace A, Mazzeffi M, Rock P, Wallace K, Zhu X, Chua P, Mattera M, Sharar R, Thilen S, Treggiari M, Morgan A, Sofjan I, Subramaniam K, Avidan M, Maybrier H, Muench M, Wildes T., Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Queen Mary University of London [QMUL], Graduate School, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, 01 Internal and external specialisms, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, AGEM - Endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, APH - Quality of Care, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, ACS - Microcirculation, Pearse, R M, International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISO), Group, Zangrillo, A, Landoni, G, Beretta, L., International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS) group, Pearse, R.M., Beattie, S., Clavien, P.A., Demartines, N., Fleisher, L.A., Grocott, M., Haddow, J., Hoeft, A., Holt, P., Moreno, R., Pritchard, N., Rhodes, A., Wijeysundera, D., Wilson, M., Ahmed, T., Everingham, K., Hewson, R., Januszewska, M., Phull, M.K., Halliwell, R., Shulman, M., Myles, P., Schmid, W., Hiesmayr, M., Wouters, P., de Hert, S., Lobo, S., Fang, X., Rasmussen, L., Futier, E., Biais, M., Venara, A., Slim, K., Sander, M., Koulenti, D., Arvaniti, K., Chan, M., Kulkarni, A., Chandra, S., Tantri, A., Geddoa, E., Abbas, M., Della Rocca, G., Sivasakthi, D., Mansor, M., Luna, P., Bouwman, A., Buhre, W., Beavis, V., Campbell, D., Short, T., Osinaike, T., Matos, R., Grigoras, I., Kirov, M., Protsenko, D., 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Subramaniam, K., Avidan, M., Maybrier, H., Muench, M., and Wildes, T.
Subjects: Male, Postoperative Complications/epidemiology, Hospital mortality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], surgery, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, cohort studies, 030202 anesthesiology, patient safety, 030212 general & internal medicine, Postoperative Period, Medicine(all), Middle Aged, Checklist, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, operative/mortality, Elective Surgical Procedures, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Meta-analysis, Cohort, Cohort studies, Female, Elective Surgical Procedure, postoperative care/methods, postoperative care/statistics and numerical data, surgical procedures, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Evidence-based medicine, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, medicine, postoperative care/method, Humans, Elective Surgical Procedures/standards, Aged, Cohort Studies, Evidence-Based Medicine, Hospital Mortality, Patient Safety, Postoperative Complications/mortality, Postoperative Complications/prevention & control, Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods, business.industry, Odds ratio, Surgery, Observational study, business, cohort studie
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool.METHODS: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32-0.77); PCONCLUSIONS: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine.
Published: 2018

46. The Trend of Prevalence for Leptospira Specific Antibodies among the Acute Febrile Patients in Peru

Author: Mark P Simons, Hua Wei Chen, Crystyan Siles, Robert D. Hontz, Tatyana Belinskaya, Wei Mei Ching, Maya Williams, Carolina Guevara, Zhiwen Zhang, and Helvio Astete
Subjects: Specific antibody, biology, business.industry, Leptospira, Medicine, business, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Leptospirosis
Published: 2018

47. Molecular and antigenic characterization of group C orthobunyaviruses isolated in Peru

Author: Jun Hang, Diana E. Juarez, Brett M. Forshey, Roger M. Castillo Oré, Roxana Caceda, Alfredo Huaman, Tadeusz J. Kochel, Maya Williams, and Eric S. Halsey
Subjects: RNA viruses, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Orthobunyavirus, lcsh:Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genetic analysis, Geographical locations, Serology, Peru, Bunyaviruses, Medicine and Health Sciences, Child, Clade, lcsh:Science, Peptide sequence, Phylogeny, Data Management, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Database and informatics methods, Sequence analysis, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Phylogenetic Analysis, Middle Aged, Phylogenetics, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Viruses, RNA, Viral, Female, Pathogens, Research Article, Adult, Computer and Information Sciences, Adolescent, Bioinformatics, Base pair, Nucleotide Sequencing, Genome, Viral, Biology, Bunyaviridae Infections, Microbiology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Amino Acid Sequence Analysis, Species Specificity, Neutralization Tests, Virology, Humans, Evolutionary Systematics, Molecular Biology Techniques, Sequencing Techniques, Molecular Biology, Microbial Pathogens, DNA sequence analysis, Taxonomy, Genetic association, Evolutionary Biology, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, South America, Viral Replication, Research and analysis methods, 030104 developmental biology, Viral replication, lcsh:Q, People and places
Abstract: Group C orthobunyaviruses (GRCVs) are a complex of viruses in the genus Orthobunyavirus and are associated with human febrile disease in tropical and subtropical areas of South and Central America. While numerous GRCVs have been isolated from mosquitoes, animals, and humans, genetic analysis of these viruses is limited. In this study, we characterized 65 GRCV isolates from febrile patients identified through clinic-based surveillance in the northern and southern Peruvian Amazon. A 500 base pair region of the S segment and 750 base pair regions of the M and L segments were sequenced. Pairwise sequence analysis of the clinical isolates showed nucleotide identities ranging from 68% to 100% and deduced amino acid sequence identities ranging from 72% to 100%. Sequences were compared with reference strains of the following GRCVs: Caraparu virus (CARV), Murutucu virus (MURV), Oriboca virus (ORIV), Marituba virus (MTBV), Itaqui virus (ITQV), Apeu virus (APEUV), and Madrid virus (MADV). Sequence comparison of clinical isolates with the prototype strains based on the S and L segments identified two clades; clade I included isolates with high genetic association with CARV-MADV, and clade II included isolates with high genetic association with MURV, ORIV, APEUV, and MTBV. Genetic relationships based on the M segment were at time inconsistent with those based on the S and L segments. However, clade groupings based on the M segment were highly consistent with relationships based on microneutralization assays. These results advance our understanding of the genetic and serologic relationships of GRCVs circulating in the Peruvian Amazon.
Published: 2018

48. Effect of octopamine manipulation on honeybee decision making: reward and cost differences associated with foraging

Author: Tiyi Brewster, Karianne Rivera-Vega, Charles I. Abramson, Tugrul Giray, Maya Williams, Harrington Wells, Christine Hayes, and Ana M. Chicas-Mosier
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Foraging, Population, Octopamine (drug), chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Statistics, Animal Science and Zoology, Energy maximization, Psychology, education, Choice problem, Social psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Neuromodulators have been shown to influence behavioural response in a context-dependent manner. To understand the nature of this effect we presented honeybee foragers with a foraging choice problem and fed them octopamine, its antagonist (mianserin), or simply sucrose (treatments). The test situation caused bees to deal with both cost variable (effort or work to reach the reward) and reward variable (sucrose molarity) problems simultaneously, where cost was varied by altering stamen length. High work (cost) was paired with a high reward, and low work was paired with a low reward, using blue versus white flowers as a colour cue. Regardless of treatment, roughly a third of the control bees maximized energy gain by choosing high-reward/high-work flowers (energy maximizers), but another third of the foragers consistently chose flowers that minimized work and consequently minimized reward (work minimizers). The remaining foragers seemed unable to solve the reward–cost problem and showed high fidelity to a flower colour (colour constant) even though doing so resulted in a change in cost and reward between experimental test phases. Ingestion of octopamine or its antagonist did not alter the frequency of each type of response in the forager population. However, error rate was altered in bees following energy maximization or work minimization strategies when ingesting octopamine or its antagonist. Although octopamine and mianserin affect the behaviour of honeybees, they do not appear to determine the foraging strategy of individuals.
Published: 2015

49. Occurrence and Correlates of Symptom Persistence Following Acute Dengue Fever in Peru

Author: Stalin Vilcarromero, V. Alberto Laguna-Torres, Tadeusz J. Kochel, Maya Williams, Eric S. Halsey, Morgan A. Marks, and Victor Ocaña
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Gastrointestinal Diseases, viruses, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Pain, Dengue virus, medicine.disease_cause, Dengue fever, Persistence (computer science), Dengue, Young Adult, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Virology, Internal medicine, Peru, Odds Ratio, medicine, Humans, Young adult, Child, Fatigue, business.industry, Age Factors, Headache, Case-control study, Articles, Odds ratio, Dengue Virus, Exanthema, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Rash, Infectious Diseases, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Acute Disease, Symptom persistence, Immunology, Disease Progression, Regression Analysis, Female, Parasitology, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes an acute febrile illness generally considered to result in either complete recovery or death. Some reviews describe persistent symptoms after the febrile phase, although empirical data supporting this phenomenon is scarce. We evaluated symptom persistence in acute febrile DENV-infected and DENV-negative (controls) individuals from Peru. Self-reported solicited symptoms were evaluated at an acute and a follow-up visit, occurring 10–60 days after symptom onset. Rate of persistence of at least one symptom was 7.7% and 10.5% for DENV infected and control subjects, respectively (P < 0.01). The DENV-infected individuals had lower rates of persistent respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, and fatigue, but higher rates of persistent rash compared with controls. Older age and female gender were positively associated with symptom persistence. As dengue cases continue to increase annually, even a relatively low frequency of persistent symptoms may represent a considerable worldwide morbidity burden.
Published: 2014

50. 2286. Revisiting Immune Interference: Evaluation of Immune Response to Yellow Fever Vaccine at Various Time Points Following Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccination

Author: Maya Williams, Clinton K. Murray, Zhaodong Liang, and Dana M Blyth
Subjects: Vaccination, Abstracts, Infectious Diseases, Immune system, Oncology, B. Poster Abstracts, business.industry, Immunology, medicine, Yellow fever vaccine, Interference (genetic), business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Due to concerns for immune interference, current recommendations are to avoid other live virus vaccines for 30 days pre- and post-mass vaccination campaigns leading to interruptions in routine vaccinations. During rapid preparations for Operation United Assistance (OUA) which supplied humanitarian assistance during the Ebola epidemic, mass yellow fever vaccine (YFV) administration to deploying personnel was needed during ongoing live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) administration. This study is the first to compare seroconversion rates for YFV when given per guidelines (VBG) to rates when YFV is given 1–29 days post-LAIV (NVBG). Methods All personnel who received LAIV concurrently or before YFV for OUA and had pre- and post-vaccination archived serum at the Department of Defense Serum Repository were included. VBG was defined as YFV given concurrently or ≥30 days after LAIV and NVBG as YFV given 1–29 days post-LAIV. YFV seroresponse was determined by screening ELISA followed by confirmation with plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) on all positive samples. YFV PRNT ≥1:20 was considered positive. Exclusion criteria were prior YFV and pre-vaccination positive PRNT. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v22. Results During OUA preparations, 676 personnel were vaccinated with LAIV concurrently or before YFV. Sixteen were excluded due to positive pre-vaccination PRNT. Of the 660 who met inclusion criteria, 507 were VBG (482 concurrently and 25 vaccinated ≥30 days post-LAIV) and 153 were NVBG. Median age was 25 (IQR 22, 29) for both groups. Pre-vaccination serum was drawn 280 and 345 days for VBG and NVBG respectively (P = 0.05). Post-YFV serum was drawn a median of 154 days following YFV in both groups. Seroconversion rates were 98% for VBG and 95% for NVBG (P = 0.15). Median yellow fever titers were 320 (IQR 160, 640) in both groups post-vaccination. Seroconversion rates were 98% for those with LAIV and YFV concurrently (n = 471), 100%, 95%, 92%, 100%, and 100% for those with YFV on days 1–6 (n = 18), days 7–13 (n = 42), days 14–21 (n = 66), days 22–27 (n = 8), and ≥28 days (n = 44) post-LAIV respectively (P = 0.12). Conclusion In this healthy, adult population, YFV provided high levels of protection regardless of timing following LAIV. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Published: 2018

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