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1. Newborn resuscitation simulation training and changes in clinical performance and perinatal outcomes: a clinical observational study of 10,481 births

Author

May Sissel Vadla, Robert Moshiro, Paschal Mdoe, Joar Eilevstjønn, Jan Terje Kvaløy, Barikiel Hhando Hhoki, and Hege Ersdal

Subjects
Helping Babies Breathe 2nd Edition, Implementation, In situ simulation-based training, Local champions, Perinatal mortality, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

Abstract Background Annually, 1.5 million intrapartum-related deaths occur; fresh stillbirths and early newborn deaths. Most of these deaths are preventable with skilled ventilation starting within the first minute of life. Helping Babies Breathe is an educational program shown to improve simulated skills in newborn resuscitation. However, translation into clinical practice remains a challenge. The aim was to describe changes in clinical resuscitation and perinatal outcomes (i.e., fresh stillbirths and 24-h newborn deaths) after introducing a novel simulator (phase 1) and then local champions (phase 2) to facilitate ongoing Helping Babies Breathe skill and scenario simulation training. Methods This is a 3-year prospective before/after (2 phases) clinical observational study in Tanzania. Research assistants observed all deliveries from September 2015 through August 2018 and recorded labor/newborn information and perinatal outcomes. A novel simulator with automatic feedback to stimulate self-guided skill training was introduced in September 2016. Local champions were introduced in October 2017 to motivate midwives for weekly training, also team simulations. Results The study included 10,481 births. Midwives had practiced self-guided skill training during the last week prior to a real newborn resuscitation in 34% of cases during baseline, 30% in phase 1, and 71% in phase 2. Most real resuscitations were provided by midwives, increasing from 66% in the baseline, to 77% in phase 1, and further to 83% in phase 2. The median time from birth to first ventilation decreased between baseline and phase 2 from 118 (85–165) to 101 (72–150) s, and time pauses during ventilation decreased from 28 to 16%. Ventilations initiated within the first minute did not change significantly (13–16%). The proportion of high-risk deliveries increased during the study period, while perinatal mortality remained unchanged. Conclusions This study reports a gradual improvement in real newborn resuscitation skills after introducing a novel simulator and then local champions. The frequency of trainings increased first after the introduction of motivating champions. Time from birth to first ventilation decreased; still, merely 16% of newborns received ventilation within the first minute as recommended. This is a remaining challenge that may require more targeted team-scenario training and quality improvement efforts to improve.

Published
2022
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2. The Performances of Three Commercially Available Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies at Different Time Points Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Author

Heidi Syre, Marius Eduardo Brå Obreque, Ingvild Dalen, Åse Garløv Riis, Åse Berg, Iren Høyland Löhr, Jon Sundal, Lars Kåre Kleppe, May Sissel Vadla, Ole Bernt Lenning, Jan Stefan Olofsson, Kristin Greve-Isdahl Mohn, Camilla Tøndel, Bjørn Blomberg, Mai Chi Trieu, Nina Langeland, and Rebecca Jane Cox

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, antibody assay, spike, receptor binding domain, nucleocapsid, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of three commercially available antibody assays for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies at different time points following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sera from 536 cases, including 207 SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive, were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with the Wantai receptor binding domain (RBD) total antibody assay, Liaison S1/S2 IgG assay and Alinity i nucleocapsid IgG assay and compared to a two-step reference ELISA (SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG and SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG). Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and Cohen’s kappa were calculated for the commercial assays. The assay’s sensitivities varied greatly, from 68.7% to 95.3%, but the specificities remained high (96.9–99.1%). The three tests showed good performances in sera sampled 31 to 60 days after PCR positivity compared to the reference ELISA. The total antibody test performed better than the IgG tests the first 30 days and the nucleocapsid IgG test showed reduced sensitivity two months or more after PCR positivity. Hence, the test performances at different time points should be taken into consideration in clinical practice and epidemiological studies. Spike or RBD IgG tests are preferable in sera sampled more than two months following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Published
2022
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3. Neonatal Resuscitation Skill-Training Using a New Neonatal Simulator, Facilitated by Local Motivators: Two-Year Prospective Observational Study of 9000 Trainings

Author

May Sissel Vadla, Paschal Mdoe, Robert Moshiro, Ingunn Anda Haug, Øystein Gomo, Jan Terje Kvaløy, Bjørg Oftedal, and Hege Ersdal

Subjects
neonatal resuscitation, simulation-based training, self-regulatory, Helping Babies Breathe second edition, feedback, implementation, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Globally, intrapartum-related complications account for approximately 2 million perinatal deaths annually. Adequate skills in neonatal resuscitation are required to reduce perinatal mortality. NeoNatalie Live is a newborn simulator providing immediate feedback, originally designed to accomplish Helping Babies Breathe training in low-resource settings. The objectives of this study were to describe changes in staff participation, skill-training frequency, and simulated ventilation quality before and after the introduction of “local motivators” in a rural Tanzanian hospital with 4000–5000 deliveries annually. Midwives (n = 15–27) were encouraged to perform in situ low-dose high-frequency simulation skill-training using NeoNatalie Live from September 2016 through to August 2018. Frequency and quality of trainings were automatically recorded in the simulator. The number of skill-trainings increased from 688 (12 months) to 8451 (11 months) after the introduction of local motivators in October 2017. Staff participation increased from 43% to 74% of the midwives. The quality of training performance, measured as “well done” feedback, increased from 75% to 91%. We conclude that training frequency, participation, and performance increased after introduction of dedicated motivators. In addition, the immediate constructive feedback features of the simulator may have influenced motivation and training quality performance.

Published
2022
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4. Clinical validation of 3D-printed nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR

Author

Åse Garløv Riis, Tonje Merethe Røssland, Iren Høyland Löhr, Ingvild Dalen, Lars Kåre Kleppe, Jon Sundal, Åse Berg, May Sissel Vadla, Ole Bernt Lenning, and Heidi Syre

Abstract

Due to limited access to commercially available flocked nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, we have evaluated the sensitivity of 3D-printed swabs compared to commercial swabs in a clinical setting. We included 35 subjects with known exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Participants were tested with commercial and prototype NP/OP swab pairs 8 and 22 days after exposure. At day 8, the sensitivity of the prototype was 96% for NP-samples (CI 81-99%) and 91% for OP-samples (CI 72-97%). The sensitivity of the commercial swab was 92% for NP-samples (CI 76-98%) and 91% for OP-samples (CI 72-97%). At day 22, the sensitivities of the commercial swab were 100% for NP-samples (CI 82-100%) and OP-samples (CI 77-100%), whereas sensitivity of the prototype was 61% for NP-samples (CI 39-80%) and 54% for OP-samples (CI 29-77%). In conclusion, the prototype might be an alternative to commercial swabs when used early in the course of infection.

Published
2022
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5. A Phylogenetic Approach to the Uneven Global Distribution of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Ole Bernt Lenning, Ronny Myhre, May Sissel Vadla, and Geir Sverre Braut

Abstract

A possible role of Y chromosomal haplogroups in COVID-19 mortality is discussed without claiming causality. The mortality of COVID-19 seems unequally distributed in different populations and statistically significant regional covariation is presented between COVID-19 mortality and the haplogroup Y-R1b. Y-R1b is suggested as a possible marker for mortality in the first wave of the pandemic affecting the Western Europe. September 2020 the pandemic involved also Eastern Europe severely in a second wave, while South East Asia, with a very high frequency of Y-0, had strikingly low COVID-19 mortality rate. Eastern Europe is dominated by Y-haplogroups (i.e., Y-R1a), with close ancestry to Y-R1b. Molecular mechanisms mediated by the Y chromosome involved in COVID-19 mortality are discussed, presenting a possible role of KDM5D in androgen receptor modulation and regulation of TMPRSS2 known to enable SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2 and facilitating virus entrance into the cell and virus replication. Sex bias and comorbidities point at the role of variations in the Y-chromosomal phylogeny.

Published
2022
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6. Detailed stratified GWAS analysis for severe COVID-19 in four European populations

Author

Michela Mazzocco, Giuseppe Lamorte, Leonardo Terranova, Cinzia Hu, Xavier Farré, Yascha Khodamoradi, Mauro D'Amato, Christian Herr, David Jiménez, Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi, Anna Latiano, Michael Dreher, Mariella D'Angiò, Rossana Carpani, Francesco Malvestiti, Enrique Navas, Antonio Voza, Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise, Karina Banasik, Juan Delgado, Florian Kurth, Trinidad Gonzalez Cejudo, Lars Wienbrandt, Carmen de la Horrra, May Sissel Vadla, Aurora Solier, Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria, Karoline I. Gaede, Wolfgang Poller, Eloisa Urrechaga, Paolo Bonfanti, Philipp Schommers, Giuseppe Bellelli, Zehra Karadeniz, Jan Kristian Rybniker, Lisa Knopp, Alfredo Ramirez, Jesus M. Banales, Sibylle Wilfling, Elio Scarpini, Alberto Zanella, Anna Carreras Nolla, Joaquín Dopazo, Sara Pigazzini, Nicole Ludwig, Ingo Kurth, Sandra Ciesek, Dag Arne Lihaug Hoff, Ernesto Contro, Giacomo Grasselli, Maider Intxausti, Kari Risnes, Francisco Mesonero, Thorsten Brenner, Lena J Lippert, Adolfo de Salazar, Maria A. Gutierrez-Stampa, Aaron Blandino Ortiz, María Hernández-Tejero, Rosa Nieto, Jochen Schneider, Anke Hinney, Chiara Scollo, Ariadna Rando-Segura, Victor Moreno, Phillip Suwalski, Valeria Rimoldi, Ricard Ferrer, Jon Lerga-Jaso, Claudio Cappadona, Janine Altmueller, Mahnoosh Ostadreza, Verena Keitel, Lauro Sumoy, Eunate Arana, Annalisa Cavallero, Massimo Castoldi, Stephan Ripke, Antonio Muscatello, Maria J G T Vehreschild, Michael Wittig, Robert Bals, Verena Kopfnagel, David Haschka, Luis Téllez, Heinz Zoller, Isabel Hernández, Carla Bellinghausen, Agustín Ruiz, Manuel Romero-Gómez, Malte C. Ruehlemann, Nikolaus Marx, Luigi Santoro, Silvano Bosari, Carlos Ferrando, M.A. Rodríguez-Gandía, Ronny Myhre, Aleksander Rygh Holten, Marina Elena Cazzaniga, Andreas Lind, Pedro M. Rodrigues, Giacomo Bellani, Alice Braun, Clara Lehmann, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Trine Folseraas, Kerstin U. Ludwig, Lindokuhle Nkambule, Gianni Pezzoli, Julia Kraft, Rocío Gallego-Durán, David Ellinghaus, Rosanna Asselta, Simonas Juzenas, Max Augustin, Mari Niemi, Manolis Kogevinas, Carlo Maj, Serena Pelusi, Stefano Aliberti, Rafael de Cid, Selina Rolker, Victor Andrade, Jonas Bergan, Federico García, Tobias L. Lenz, Andrea Gori, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Elisa T Helbig, Oliver A. Cornely, Laura Izquierdo-Sanchez, Tom H. Karlsen, Adolfo Garrido Chercoles, Joan Ramon Badia, José Hernández Quero, Benedikt Schaefer, Jatin Arora, Mareike Wendorff, David Pestaña, Thomas Bahmer, Ana Teles, Antonella Ruello, Alessio Gerussi, Francisco J. Medrano, Xiaomin Wang, Joern Walter, Natale Imaz Ayo, Onur oezer, Almut Nebel, Ferruccio Ceriotti, Mercè Boada, Ulf Landmesser, Ana Lleo, Christoph D. Spinner, Sara Bombace, Giuseppe Foti, Antonio Julià, Alessandro Cherubini, Lucia Garbarino, Beatriz Nafria-Jimenez, Hesham ElAbd, Pietro Invernizzi, Paola Faverio, Jordi Barretina, David Toapanta, Iván Galván-Femenía, Sara Marsal, Stefano Duga, Ulrike Protzer, Luisa Roade, Philipp Koehler, Nilda Martinez, Clinton Azuure, Philip Rosenstiel, Daniela Galimberti, Per Hoffmann, Alessandra Bandera, Natalia Blay, Jan Cato Holter, Julia Fazaal, Eike Matthias Wacker, Torsten Feldt, Giovanni Albano, Andre Franke, Mario Cáceres, Roberta Gualtierotti, Sebastian J. Klein, Andreas Glueck, Salvatore Badalamenti, Siegfried Goerg, Isabell Pink, Stefan Schreiber, Leif E. Sander, Javier Fernández, M Seilmaier, Orazio Palmieri, Carsten Skurk, Jan Heyckendorf, Adriana Palom, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Francesco Blasi, Ilaria My, Mattia Cordioli, Sammra Haider, Giorgio Costantino, Giuseppe Citerio, Nicola Montano, Pedro Castro, Marit Mæhle Grimsrud, Alexander Popov, Ole Bernt Lenning, Holger Neb, Enric Reverter, Erik Solligård, Oliver Witzke, Itziar de Rojas, Flora Peyvandi, Susanne Gjeruldsen Dudman, Daniele Prati, Kristian Tonby, Luca Valenti, Christoph Lange, Alberto Mantovani, Florian Tran, Juan M. Guerrero, Luis Bujanda, Natalia Chueca, Michael Joannidis, Enrique J. Calderon, Elvezia Maria Paraboschi, Vegard Skogen, Bjoern Jensen, Paolo Tentorio, Raúl de Pablo, Cristiana Bianco, Antonio Pesenti, Vicente Friaza, Lars Heggelund, Eva C. Schulte, Markus M. Noethen, Andrea Ganna, Agustín Albillos, Laura Rachele Bettini, Florian Uellendahl-Werth, Covid Aachen Study, Josune Goikoetxea, Jan Kristian Damås, Andrea Biondi, Cristina Sancho, Alessandro Protti, Bettina Heidecker, Ute Hehr, Markus Cornberg, Lise Tuset Gustad, Ana Barreira, Emanuele Pontali, Felix Garcia Sanchez, Johannes R. Hov, Marta Marquié, Maria Buti, Sandra May, Melissa Tomasi, Javier Ampuero, Søren Brunak, Carmen Quereda, Pedro Pablo Espana, Beatriz Mateos, Jan Egil Afset, Mar Riveiro-Barciela, Beatriz Cortés, Thomas Eggermann, Frank Hanses, Julia Schroeder, Karl Erik Mueller, Maria Manunta, Anders Benjamin Kildal, Thomas Illig, Charlotte Thibeault, Maurizio Cecconi, Alena Mayer, Frauke Degenhardt, Douglas Maya-Miles, Alessio Aghemo, Petra Bacher, Marc M. Berger, Francisco Rodriguez-Frias, Fredrik Mueller, Elena Azzolini, Ruben Morilla, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Ministero della Salute, European Commission, Fondazione Cariplo, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Generalitat de Catalunya, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Fundación 'la Caixa', Eusko Jaurlaritza, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Junta de Andalucía, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (España), Norwegian Research Council, German Center for Lung Research, Airway Research Center North (Germany), Miltenyi Biotec, University of Cologne, Technical University of Munich, Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarland University, University Hospital Bonn, Bavarian State Ministry of Education, Science and the Arts, Essen University Hospital, Degenhardt, F, Ellinghaus, D, Juzenas, S, Lerga-Jaso, J, Wendorff, M, Maya-Miles, D, Uellendahl-Werth, F, Elabd, H, Rühlemann, M, Arora, J, Özer, O, Lenning, O, Myhre, R, Vadla, M, Wacker, E, Wienbrandt, L, Ortiz, A, Salazar, A, Chercoles, A, Palom, A, Ruiz, A, Garcia-Fernandez, A, Blanco-Grau, A, Mantovani, A, Zanella, A, Holten, A, Mayer, A, Bandera, A, Cherubini, A, Protti, A, Aghemo, A, Gerussi, A, Ramirez, A, Braun, A, Nebel, A, Barreira, A, Lleo, A, Teles, A, Kildal, A, Biondi, A, Caballero-Garralda, A, Ganna, A, Gori, A, Glück, A, Lind, A, Tanck, A, Hinney, A, Nolla, A, Fracanzani, A, Peschuck, A, Cavallero, A, Dyrhol-Riise, A, Ruello, A, Julià, A, Muscatello, A, Pesenti, A, Voza, A, Rando-Segura, A, Solier, A, Schmidt, A, Cortes, B, Mateos, B, Nafria-Jimenez, B, Schaefer, B, Jensen, B, Bellinghausen, C, Maj, C, Ferrando, C, Horra, C, Quereda, C, Skurk, C, Thibeault, C, Scollo, C, Herr, C, Spinner, C, Gassner, C, Lange, C, Hu, C, Paccapelo, C, Lehmann, C, Angelini, C, Cappadona, C, Azuure, C, Bianco, C, Cea, C, Sancho, C, Hoff, D, Galimberti, D, Prati, D, Haschka, D, Jiménez, D, Pestaña, D, Toapanta, D, Muñiz-Diaz, E, Azzolini, E, Sandoval, E, Binatti, E, Scarpini, E, Helbig, E, Casalone, E, Urrechaga, E, Paraboschi, E, Pontali, E, Reverter, E, Calderón, E, Navas, E, Solligård, E, Contro, E, Arana-Arri, E, Aziz, F, Garcia, F, Sánchez, F, Ceriotti, F, Martinelli-Boneschi, F, Peyvandi, F, Kurth, F, Blasi, F, Malvestiti, F, Medrano, F, Mesonero, F, Rodriguez-Frias, F, Hanses, F, Müller, F, Hemmrich-Stanisak, G, Bellani, G, Grasselli, G, Pezzoli, G, Costantino, G, Albano, G, Cardamone, G, Bellelli, G, Citerio, G, Foti, G, Lamorte, G, Matullo, G, Baselli, G, Kurihara, H, Neb, H, My, I, Kurth, I, Hernández, I, Pink, I, Rojas, I, Galván-Femenia, I, Holter, J, Afset, J, Heyckendorf, J, Kässens, J, Damås, J, Rybniker, J, Altmüller, J, Ampuero, J, Martín, J, Erdmann, J, Banales, J, Badia, J, Dopazo, J, Schneider, J, Bergan, J, Barretina, J, Walter, J, Quero, J, Goikoetxea, J, Delgado, J, Guerrero, J, Fazaal, J, Kraft, J, Schröder, J, Risnes, K, Banasik, K, Müller, K, Gaede, K, Garcia-Etxebarria, K, Tonby, K, Heggelund, L, Izquierdo-Sanchez, L, Bettini, L, Sumoy, L, Sander, L, Lippert, L, Terranova, L, Nkambule, L, Knopp, L, Gustad, L, Garbarino, L, Santoro, L, Téllez, L, Roade, L, Ostadreza, M, Intxausti, M, Kogevinas, M, Riveiro-Barciela, M, Berger, M, Schaefer, M, Niemi, M, Gutiérrez-Stampa, M, Carrabba, M, Figuera Basso, M, Valsecchi, M, Hernandez-Tejero, M, Vehreschild, M, Manunta, M, Acosta-Herrera, M, D'Angiò, M, Baldini, M, Cazzaniga, M, Grimsrud, M, Cornberg, M, Nöthen, M, Marquié, M, Castoldi, M, Cordioli, M, Cecconi, M, D'Amato, M, Augustin, M, Tomasi, M, Boada, M, Dreher, M, Seilmaier, M, Joannidis, M, Wittig, M, Mazzocco, M, Ciccarelli, M, Rodríguez-Gandía, M, Bocciolone, M, Miozzo, M, Ayo, N, Blay, N, Chueca, N, Montano, N, Braun, N, Ludwig, N, Marx, N, Martínez, N, Cornely, O, Witzke, O, Palmieri, O, Faverio, P, Preatoni, P, Bonfanti, P, Omodei, P, Tentorio, P, Castro, P, Rodrigues, P, España, P, Hoffmann, P, Rosenstiel, P, Schommers, P, Suwalski, P, Pablo, R, Ferrer, R, Bals, R, Gualtierotti, R, Gallego-Durán, R, Nieto, R, Carpani, R, Morilla, R, Badalamenti, S, Haider, S, Ciesek, S, May, S, Bombace, S, Marsal, S, Pigazzini, S, Klein, S, Pelusi, S, Wilfling, S, Bosari, S, Volland, S, Brunak, S, Raychaudhuri, S, Schreiber, S, Heilmann-Heimbach, S, Aliberti, S, Ripke, S, Dudman, S, Wesse, T, Zheng, T, Bahmer, T, Eggermann, T, Illig, T, Brenner, T, Pumarola, T, Feldt, T, Folseraas, T, Cejudo, T, Landmesser, U, Protzer, U, Hehr, U, Rimoldi, V, Monzani, V, Skogen, V, Keitel, V, Kopfnagel, V, Friaza, V, Andrade, V, Moreno, V, Albrecht, W, Peter, W, Poller, W, Farre, X, Yi, X, Wang, X, Khodamoradi, Y, Karadeniz, Z, Latiano, A, Goerg, S, Bacher, P, Koehler, P, Tran, F, Zoller, H, Schulte, E, Heidecker, B, Ludwig, K, Fernández, J, Romero-Gómez, M, Albillos, A, Invernizzi, P, Buti, M, Duga, S, Bujanda, L, Hov, J, Lenz, T, Asselta, R, Cid, R, Valenti, L, Karlsen, T, Cáceres, M, Franke, A, Data Science Genetic Epidemiology Lab, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland

Subjects
Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Population, Medizin, Genome-wide association study, Human leukocyte antigen, Biology, Genoma humà, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medisinske Fag: 700 [VDP], ddc:570, Genetics, GWAS, Humans, genetics [COVID-19], education, Molecular Biology, Gene, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Polymorphism, Genetic, Human genome, SARS-CoV-2, GWAS, COVID-19, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, Chromosome, COVID-19, genetics [SARS-CoV-2], General Medicine, 3. Good health, GWAS analysis, Respiratory failure, Haplotypes, NAPSA, Technology Platforms, Genètica, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Given the highly variable clinical phenotype of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a deeper analysis of the host genetic contribution to severe COVID-19 is important to improve our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we describe an extended GWAS meta-analysis of a well-characterized cohort of 3,260 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and 12,483 population controls from Italy, Spain, Norway and Germany/Austria, including stratified analyses based on age, sex and disease severity, as well as targeted analyses of chromosome Y haplotypes, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region and the SARS-CoV-2 peptidome. By inversion imputation, we traced a reported association at 17q21.31 to a highly pleiotropic ∼0.9-Mb inversion polymorphism and characterized the potential effects of the inversion in detail. Our data, together with the 5th release of summary statistics from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, also identified a new locus at 19q13.33, including NAPSA, a gene which is expressed primarily in alveolar cells responsible for gas exchange in the lung., Andre Franke and David Ellinghaus were supported by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01KI20197), Andre Franke, David Ellinghaus and Frauke Degenhardt were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Cluster of Excellence “Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation” (EXC2167). David Ellinghaus was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the framework of the Computational Life Sciences funding concept (CompLS grant 031L0165). David Ellinghaus, Karina Banasik and Søren Brunak acknowledge the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant NNF14CC0001 and NNF17OC0027594). Tobias L. Lenz, Ana Teles and Onur Özer were funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), project numbers 279645989; 433116033; 437857095. Mareike Wendorff and Hesham ElAbd are supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through the Research Training Group 1743, "Genes, Environment and Inflammation". This project was supported by a Covid-19 grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; ID: 01KI20197). Luca Valenti received funding from: Ricerca Finalizzata Ministero della Salute RF2016-02364358, Italian Ministry of Health ""CV PREVITAL – strategie di prevenzione primaria cardiovascolare primaria nella popolazione italiana; The European Union (EU) Programme Horizon 2020 (under grant agreement No. 777377) for the project LITMUS- and for the project ""REVEAL""; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda ""Ricerca corrente"", Fondazione Sviluppo Ca' Granda ""Liver-BIBLE"" (PR-0391), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda ""5permille"" ""COVID-19 Biobank"" (RC100017A). Andrea Biondi was supported by the grant from Fondazione Cariplo to Fondazione Tettamanti: "Biobanking of Covid-19 patient samples to support national and international research (Covid-Bank). This research was partly funded by a MIUR grant to the Department of Medical Sciences, under the program "Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018–2022". This study makes use of data generated by the GCAT-Genomes for Life. Cohort study of the Genomes of Catalonia, Fundació IGTP. IGTP is part of the CERCA Program / Generalitat de Catalunya. GCAT is supported by Acción de Dinamización del ISCIIIMINECO and the Ministry of Health of the Generalitat of Catalunya (ADE 10/00026); the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) (2017-SGR 529). Marta Marquié received research funding from ant PI19/00335 Acción Estratégica en Salud, integrated in the Spanish National RDI Plan and financed by ISCIIISubdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER-Una manera de hacer Europa")., Beatriz Cortes is supported by national grants PI18/01512. Xavier Farre is supported by VEIS project (001-P-001647) (cofunded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), “A way to build Europe”). Additional data included in this study was obtained in part by the COVICAT Study Group (Cohort Covid de Catalunya) supported by IsGlobal and IGTP, EIT COVID-19 Rapid Response activity 73A and SR20-01024 La Caixa Foundation. Antonio Julià and Sara Marsal were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant numbers: PSE-010000-2006-6 and IPT-010000-2010-36). Antonio Julià was also supported the by national grant PI17/00019 from the Acción Estratégica en Salud (ISCIII) and the FEDER. The Basque Biobank is a hospitalrelated platform that also involves all Osakidetza health centres, the Basque government's Department of Health and Onkologikoa, is operated by the Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF. Mario Cáceres received Grants BFU2016-77244-R and PID2019-107836RB-I00 funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, EU). Manuel Romero Gómez, Javier Ampuero Herrojo, Rocío Gallego Durán and Douglas Maya Miles are supported by the “Spanish Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Competition, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (PI19/01404, PI16/01842, PI19/00589, PI17/00535 and GLD19/00100), and by the Andalussian government (Proyectos Estratégicos-Fondos Feder PE-0451-2018, COVID-Premed, COVID GWAs). The position held by Itziar de Rojas Salarich is funded by grant FI20/00215, PFIS Contratos Predoctorales de Formación en Investigación en Salud. Enrique Calderón's team is supported by CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), "Instituto de Salud Carlos III". Jan Cato Holter reports grants from Research Council of Norway grant no 312780 during the conduct of the study. Dr. Solligård: reports grants from Research Council of Norway grant no 312769. The BioMaterialBank Nord is supported by the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN). The BioMaterialBank Nord is member of popgen 2.0 network (P2N). Philipp Koehler has received non-financial scientific grants from Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, and the Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. He is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)., Oliver A. Cornely is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education and is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy – CECAD, EXC 2030 – 390661388. The COMRI cohort is funded by Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Genotyping was performed by the Genotyping laboratory of Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM Technology Centre, University of Helsinki. This work was supported by grants of the Rolf M. Schwiete Stiftung, the Saarland University, BMBF and The States of Saarland and Lower Saxony. Kerstin U. Ludwig is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG, LU-1944/3-1). Genotyping for the BoSCO study is funded by the Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn. Frank Hanses was supported by the Bavarian State Ministry for Science and Arts. Part of the genotyping was supported by a grant to Alfredo Ramirez from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant: 01ED1619A, European Alzheimer DNA BioBank, EADB) within the context of the EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND). Additional funding was derived from the German Research Foundation (DFG) grant: RA 1971/6-1 to Alfredo Ramirez. Philip Rosenstiel is supported by the DFG (CCGA Sequencing Centre and DFG ExC2167 PMI and by SH state funds for COVID19 research). Florian Tran is supported by the Clinician Scientist Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Cluster of Excellence “Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation” (EXC2167). Christoph Lange and Jan Heyckendorf are supported by the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF). Thorsen Brenner, Marc M Berger, Oliver Witzke und Anke Hinney are supported by the Stiftung Universitätsmedizin Essen. Marialbert Acosta-Herrera was supported by Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion program, grant IJC2018-035131-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Eva C Schulte is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; SCHU 2419/2-1).

Published
2022
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