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3. Cover

Author

Sinfield, Adrian, May, Margaret, and Lymer, Andy

Published
2023

4. Index

Author

Sinfield, Adrian, May, Margaret, and Lymer, Andy

Published
2023

19. Acknowledgments

Author

Sinfield, Adrian, May, Margaret, and Lymer, Andy

Published
2023

23. Table of contents

Author

Sinfield, Adrian, May, Margaret, and Lymer, Andy

Published
2023

27. Conclusions

Author

Lymer, Andy, primary, May, Margaret, additional, and Sinfield, Adrian, additional

Published
2023
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28. Introduction

Author

Lymer, Andy, primary, May, Margaret, additional, and Sinfield, Adrian, additional

Published
2023
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32. Using observational data to emulate a randomized trial of dynamic treatment-switching strategies: an application to antiretroviral therapy

Author

Cain, Lauren E, Saag, Michael S, Petersen, Maya, May, Margaret T, Ingle, Suzanne M, Logan, Roger, Robins, James M, Abgrall, Sophie, Shepherd, Bryan E, Deeks, Steven G, Gill, M John, Touloumi, Giota, Vourli, Georgia, Dabis, François, Vandenhende, Marie-Anne, Reiss, Peter, van Sighem, Ard, Samji, Hasina, Hogg, Robert S, Rybniker, Jan, Sabin, Caroline A, Jose, Sophie, del Amo, Julia, Moreno, Santiago, Rodríguez, Benigno, Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro, Boswell, Stephen L, Stephan, Christoph, Pérez-Hoyos, Santiago, Jarrin, Inma, Guest, Jodie L, Monforte, Antonella D’Arminio, Antinori, Andrea, Moore, Richard, Campbell, Colin NJ, Casabona, Jordi, Meyer, Laurence, Seng, Rémonie, Phillips, Andrew N, Bucher, Heiner C, Egger, Matthias, Mugavero, Michael J, Haubrich, Richard, Geng, Elvin H, Olson, Ashley, Eron, Joseph J, Napravnik, Sonia, Kitahata, Mari M, Van Rompaey, Stephen E, Teira, Ramón, Justice, Amy C, Tate, Janet P, Costagliola, Dominique, Sterne, Jonathan AC, Hernán, Miguel A, and Systems, and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration on behalf of the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical

Subjects
Epidemiology, Health Sciences, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Infectious Diseases, Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS, Clinical Research, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Female, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Observational Studies as Topic, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Survival Analysis, United Kingdom, Viral Load, HIV, antiretroviral therapy, inverse-probability weighting, observational studies, mortality, dynamic strategies, Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration, the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems, and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration, Statistics, Public Health and Health Services, Public health
Abstract

BackgroundWhen a clinical treatment fails or shows suboptimal results, the question of when to switch to another treatment arises. Treatment switching strategies are often dynamic because the time of switching depends on the evolution of an individual's time-varying covariates. Dynamic strategies can be directly compared in randomized trials. For example, HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy could be randomized to switching therapy within 90 days of HIV-1 RNA crossing above a threshold of either 400 copies/ml (tight-control strategy) or 1000 copies/ml (loose-control strategy).MethodsWe review an approach to emulate a randomized trial of dynamic switching strategies using observational data from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration, the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration. We estimated the comparative effect of tight-control vs. loose-control strategies on death and AIDS or death via inverse-probability weighting.ResultsOf 43 803 individuals who initiated an eligible antiretroviral therapy regimen in 2002 or later, 2001 met the baseline inclusion criteria for the mortality analysis and 1641 for the AIDS or death analysis. There were 21 deaths and 33 AIDS or death events in the tight-control group, and 28 deaths and 41 AIDS or death events in the loose-control group. Compared with tight control, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for loose control were 1.10 (0.73, 1.66) for death, and 1.04 (0.86, 1.27) for AIDS or death.ConclusionsAlthough our effective sample sizes were small and our estimates imprecise, the described methodological approach can serve as an example for future analyses.

Published
2016

33. Effects and cost of different strategies to eliminate hepatitis C virus transmission in Pakistan: a modelling analysis

Author

Lim, Aaron G, Walker, Josephine G, Mafirakureva, Nyashadzaishe, Khalid, Gul Ghuttai, Qureshi, Huma, Mahmood, Hassan, Trickey, Adam, Fraser, Hannah, Aslam, Khawar, Falq, Gregoire, Fortas, Camille, Zahid, Hassaan, Naveed, Ammara, Auat, Rosa, Saeed, Quaid, Davies, Charlotte F, Mukandavire, Christinah, Glass, Nancy, Maman, David, Martin, Natasha K, Hickman, Matthew, May, Margaret T, Hamid, Saeed, Loarec, Anne, Averhoff, Francisco, and Vickerman, Peter

Published
2020
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40. CD4:CD8 Ratio and CD8 Count as Prognostic Markers for Mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: The Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC)

Author

Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC), Trickey, Adam, May, Margaret T., Schommers, Philipp, Tate, Jan, Ingle, Suzanne M., Guest, Jodie L., Gill, M. John, Zangerle, Robert, Saag, Mike, Reiss, Peter, Monforte, Antonella d'Arminio, Johnson, Margaret, Lima, Viviane D., Sterling, Tim R., Cavassini, Matthias, Wittkop, Linda, Costagliola, Dominique, and Sterne, Jonathan A. C.

Published
2017

41. Survival of HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013: a collaborative analysis of cohort studies

Author

Trickey, Adam, May, Margaret T, Vehreschild, Jorg-Janne, Obel, Niels, Gill, M John, Crane, Heidi M, Boesecke, Christoph, Patterson, Sophie, Grabar, Sophie, Cazanave, Charles, Cavassini, Matthias, Shepherd, Leah, Monforte, Antonella d'Arminio, van Sighem, Ard, Saag, Mike, Lampe, Fiona, Hernando, Vicky, Montero, Marta, Zangerle, Robert, Justice, Amy C, Sterling, Timothy, Ingle, Suzanne M, and Sterne, Jonathan A C

Published
2017
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46. Equating scores of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and Sniffin' Sticks test in patients with Parkinson's disease

Author

Lawton, Michael, Hu, Michele T.M., Baig, Fahd, Ruffmann, Claudio, Barron, Eilidh, Swallow, Diane M.A., Malek, Naveed, Grosset, Katherine A., Bajaj, Nin, Barker, Roger A., Williams, Nigel, Burn, David J., Foltynie, Thomas, Morris, Huw R., Wood, Nicholas W., May, Margaret T., Grosset, Donald G., and Ben-Shlomo, Yoav

Published
2016
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47. Increased non-AIDS mortality among persons with AIDS-defining events after antiretroviral therapy initiation

Author

Pettit, April C., Giganti, Mark J., Ingle, Suzanne M., May, Margaret T., Shepherd, Bryan E., Gill, Michael J., Fatkenheuer, Gerd, Abgrall, Sophie, Saag, Michael S., Amo, Julia Del, Justice, Amy C., Miro, Jose M., Cavasinni, Matthias, Dabis, Francois, Monforte, Antonella D., Reiss, Peter, Guest, Jodie, Moore, David, Shepherd, Leah, Obel, Niels, Crane, Heidi M., Smith, Colette, Teira, Ramon, Zangerle, Robert, Sterne, Jonathan A.C., and Sterling, Timothy R.

Subjects
HIV infections -- Drug therapy, AIDS (Disease) -- Patient outcomes, Antiretroviral agents -- Dosage and administration -- Complications and side effects, Health
Abstract

Introduction: HIV-1 infection leads to chronic inflammation and to an increased risk of non-AIDS mortality. Our objective was to determine whether AIDS-defining events (ADEs) were associated with increased overall and cause-specific non-AIDS related mortality after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Methods: We included HIV treatment-naive adults from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC) who initiated ART from 1996 to 2014. Causes of death were assigned using the Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe) protocol. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for overall and cause-specific non-AIDS mortality among those with an ADE (all ADEs, tuberculosis (TB), Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)) compared to those without an ADE was estimated using a marginal structural model. Results: The adjusted hazard of overall non-AIDS mortality was higher among those with any ADE compared to those without any ADE (aHR 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.00 to 2.43). The adjusted hazard of each of the cause-specific non-AIDS related deaths were higher among those with any ADE compared to those without, except metabolic deaths (malignancy aHR 2.59 (95% CI 2.13 to 3.14), accident/suicide/overdose aHR 1.37 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.79), cardiovascular aHR 1.95 (95% CI 1.54 to 2.48), infection aHR (95% CI 1.68 to 2.81), hepatic aHR 2.09 (95% CI 1.61 to 2.72), respiratory aHR 4.28 (95% CI 2.67 to 6.88), renal aHR 5.81 (95% CI 2.69 to 12.56) and central nervous aHR 1.53 (95% CI 1.18 to 5.44)). The risk of overall and cause-specific non-AIDS mortality differed depending on the specific ADE of interest (TB, PJP, NHL). Conclusions: In this large multi-centre cohort collaboration with standardized assignment of causes of death, non-AIDS mortality was twice as high among patients with an ADE compared to without an ADE. However, non-AIDS related mortality after an ADE depended on the ADE of interest. Although there may be unmeasured confounders, these findings suggest that a common pathway may be independently driving both ADEs and NADE mortality. While prevention of ADEs may reduce subsequent death due to NADEs following ART initiation, modification of risk factors for NADE mortality remains important after ADE survival. Keywords: AIDS-defining events; non-AIDS mortality; tuberculosis; Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; marginal structural model, 1 | INTRODUCTION In the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there have been striking decreases in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related mortality [1-3] and prolongation of life expectancy [4-7] for [...]

Published
2018
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48. Early Antiretroviral Therapy Not Associated With Higher Cryptococcal Meningitis Mortality in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in High-Income Countries: An International Collaborative Cohort Study

Author

Ingle, Suzanne M, primary, Miro, Jose M, additional, May, Margaret T, additional, Cain, Lauren E, additional, Schwimmer, Christine, additional, Zangerle, Robert, additional, Sambatakou, Helen, additional, Cazanave, Charles, additional, Reiss, Peter, additional, Brandes, Vanessa, additional, Bucher, Heiner C, additional, Sabin, Caroline, additional, Vidal, Francesc, additional, Obel, Niels, additional, Mocroft, Amanda, additional, Wittkop, Linda, additional, d'Arminio Monforte, Antonella, additional, Torti, Carlo, additional, Mussini, Cristina, additional, Furrer, Hansjakob, additional, Konopnicki, Deborah, additional, Teira, Ramon, additional, Saag, Michael S, additional, Crane, Heidi M, additional, Moore, Richard D, additional, Jacobson, Jeffrey M, additional, Mathews, W Chris, additional, Geng, Elvin, additional, Eron, Joseph J, additional, Althoff, Keri N, additional, Kroch, Abigail, additional, Lang, Raynell, additional, Gill, M John, additional, and Sterne, Jonathan A C, additional

Published
2023
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