146 results on '"May, Liliana Gressler"'
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2. Advanced lithium disilicate: A comparative evaluation of translucency and fatigue failure load to other ceramics for monolithic restorations
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Freitas, Júlia Saccol, Souza, Luiza Freitas Brum, Dellazzana, Fernando Zurlo, Silva, Tamires Motta Rensch da, Ribeiro, Luiza, Pereira, Gabriel Kalil Rocha, and May, Liliana Gressler
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- 2023
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3. Surface properties and flexural fatigue strength of an advanced lithium disilicate
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Freitas, Júlia Saccol, Souza, Luiza Freitas Brum, Pereira, Gabriel Kalil Rocha, and May, Liliana Gressler
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- 2023
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4. Biaxial flexure strength and physicochemical characterization of a CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic: effect of etching time, silane, and adhesive applications
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da Silva, Sarah Emille Gomes, de Araújo, Gabriela Monteiro, Souza, Karina Barbosa, Moura, Dayanne Monielle Duarte, Aurélio, Iana Lamadrid, May, Liliana Gressler, Vila-Nova, Taciana Emília Leite, Zhang, Yu, and de Assunção e Souza, Rodrigo Othávio
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- 2022
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5. Effect of milling, fitting adjustments, and hydrofluoric acid etching on the strength and roughness of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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May, Michele Mirian, Fraga, Sara, and May, Liliana Gressler
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- 2022
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6. Step-stress vs. staircase fatigue tests to evaluate the effect of intaglio adjustment on the fatigue behavior of simplified lithium disilicate glass-ceramic restorations
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Venturini, Andressa Borin, Bohrer, Thaís Camponogara, Fontana, Patrícia Eliana, Fröhlich, Tatiana Tambara, May, Liliana Gressler, and Valandro, Luiz Felipe
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- 2021
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7. Grinding the intaglio surface of yttria partially- and fully-stabilized zirconia polycrystals restorations: Effect on their fatigue behavior
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Zucuni, Camila Pauleski, Ilha, Bruna Dias, May, Michele Mirian, May, Liliana Gressler, and Valandro, Luiz Felipe
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- 2020
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8. High load frequency at 20Hz: Its effects on the fatigue behavior of a leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic
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Fraga, Sara, Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, Zucuni, Camila Pauleski, Pereira, Gabriel Kalil Rocha, Barbosa, Marcela Noro, Valandro, Luiz Felipe, and May, Liliana Gressler
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- 2020
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9. The loss of resin cement adhesion to ceramic influences the fatigue behavior of bonded lithium disilicate restorations
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Pilecco, Rafaela Oliveira, primary, da Rosa, Lucas Saldanha, additional, Pereira, Gabriel Kalil Rocha, additional, Tribst, João Paulo Mendes, additional, May, Liliana Gressler, additional, and Valandro, Luiz Felipe, additional
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- 2023
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10. The effect of extended glaze firing on the flexural fatigue strength of hard-machined ceramics
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Aurélio, Iana Lamadrid, Prochnow, Catina, Guilardi, Luís Felipe, Ramos, Gabriela Freitas, Bottino, Marco Antonio, and May, Liliana Gressler
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- 2018
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11. Does veneering technique affect the flexural strength or load-to-failure of bilayer Y-TZP? A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Marchionatti, Ana Maria Estivalete, Aurélio, Iana Lamadrid, and May, Liliana Gressler
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- 2018
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12. Impact of machining on the flexural fatigue strength of glass and polycrystalline CAD/CAM ceramics
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Fraga, Sara, Amaral, Marina, Bottino, Marco Antônio, Valandro, Luiz Felipe, Kleverlaan, Cornelis Johannes, and May, Liliana Gressler
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- 2017
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13. Color stability of ceramic laminate veneers cemented with light-polymerizing and dual-polymerizing luting agent: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial
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Marchionatti, Ana Maria Estivalete, Wandscher, Vinícius Felipe, May, Michele Mirian, Bottino, Marco Antonio, and May, Liliana Gressler
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- 2017
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14. Translucency and masking ability of a translucent zirconia with different thicknesses over dark backgrounds
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MACHRY, Renan Vaz, MAY, Michele Mirian, CADORE-RODRIGUES, Ana Carolina, JACQUES, Letícia Borges, and MAY, Liliana Gressler
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Ceramics ,cerâmicas ,Desenho assistido por computador ,Resinas compostas ,Color ,Computer-aided design ,Cor ,Composite Resins - Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the translucency, contrast ratio and masking ability of a translucent zirconia with different thicknesses. Methods: Disc shaped specimens (n= 3) with 10 mm (Ø) x 1.5 mm, 1 mm and 0.7 mm (thickness) were manufactured simulating all-ceramic simplified restorations. Substrate discs (n= 2; Ø: 10 mm; thickness: 2 mm) were simulated with composite resin shades: A2 (positive control) and C4; and metal alloys: silver (Ni-Cr) and golden (Cu-Al). Optical properties of the 9 translucent zirconia specimens placed on the 3 different substrates were analyzed by a spectrophotometer. The color variation (ΔE00) between each ceramic structure over the positive control substrate (A2) and over the dark backgrounds (C4, silvery, golden) were obtained as to their ceramic masking ability and subjected to non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test (5%). The translucency parameter (TP00) and contrast ratio (CR) of the different thicknesses of the ceramic discs were also collected and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (5%). Results: The translucent zirconia showed greater opacity in the thickness of 1.5 mm, although it was not statistically different between 0.7 and 1.0 mm. All dark backgrounds significantly affected the final color of the simplified restoration in all evaluated thicknesses. However, the increase in ceramic thickness showed a decrease in ΔE00 values for all substrates. Conclusion: The translucent zirconia was not able to mask the dark substrates, independent of the evaluated thickness. RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a translucidez, razão de contraste e capacidade de mascaramento de uma zircônia translúcida com diferentes espessuras. Métodos: Espécimes em forma de disco (n= 3) com 10 mm (Ø) x 1,5 mm, 1 mm e 0,7 mm (espessura) foram confeccionados simulando restaurações simplificadas em cerâmica pura. Discos de substrato (n= 2; Ø: 10 mm; espessura: 2 mm) foram simulados com as cores de resina composta: A2 (controle positivo) e C4; e ligas metálicas: prata (Ni-Cr) e ouro (Cu-Al). As propriedades ópticas dos 9 espécimes de zircônia translúcida posicionados nos 3 substratos diferentes foram analisadas por um espectrofotômetro. A variação de cor (ΔE00) entre cada espécime cerâmico sobre o substrato controle positivo (A2) e sobre os fundos escuros (C4, prateado, dourado) foi calculada quanto à capacidade de mascaramento da cerâmica e submetida ao teste não paramétrico de Kruskal Wallis (5%). O parâmetro de translucidez (TP00) e a razão de contraste (CR) das diferentes espessuras dos discos cerâmicos também foram coletados e analisados por ANOVA de uma via e teste de Tukey (5%). Resultados: A zircônia translúcida apresentou maior opacidade na espessura de 1,5 mm, embora não tenha sido estatisticamente diferente entre 0,7 e 1,0 mm. Todos os fundos escuros afetaram significativamente a cor final da restauração simplificada em todas as espessuras avaliadas. No entanto, o aumento da espessura da cerâmica mostrou uma diminuição nos valores de ΔE00 para todos os substratos. Conclusão: A zircônia translúcida não foi capaz de mascarar os substratos escuros, independente da espessura avaliada.
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- 2023
15. Effect of hydrofluoric acid concentration and etching time on the adhesive and mechanical behavior of glass-ceramics: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Riesgo, Bibiana Vogel Peres, primary, Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, additional, Nascimento, Luiza Pereira do, additional, and May, Liliana Gressler, additional
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- 2023
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16. Influence of the resin cement thickness on the fatigue failure loads of CAD/CAM feldspathic crowns
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May, Liliana Gressler, Robert Kelly, J., Bottino, Marco Antonio, and Hill, Tom
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- 2015
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17. Resin cement coating reverts the machining damage on the flexural fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic
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May, Michele Mirian, primary, Machry, Renan Vaz, additional, Fraga, Sara, additional, de Andrade, Guilherme Schmitt, additional, Bottino, Marco Antonio, additional, Valandro, Luiz Felipe, additional, and May, Liliana Gressler, additional
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- 2022
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18. Adhesive application after ceramic surface treatment is detrimental to load-bearing capacity under fatigue of a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic
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Velho, Helder Callegaro, primary, da Rosa, Lucas Saldanha, additional, Temp, Renatta Wrasse, additional, Cocco, Fernanda Maidana, additional, Pereira, Gabriel Kalil Rocha, additional, May, Liliana Gressler, additional, and Valandro, Luiz Felipe, additional
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- 2022
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19. Resin cement coating reverts the machining damage on the flexural fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic.
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May, Michele Mirian, Machry, Renan Vaz, Fraga, Sara, de Andrade, Guilherme Schmitt, Bottino, Marco Antonio, Valandro, Luiz Felipe, and May, Liliana Gressler
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FATIGUE limit ,FATIGUE cracks ,FLEXURAL strength ,CEMENT ,CONTACT angle - Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of resin cement coating with high and low viscosities on the flexural fatigue strength of machined lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic. Discs (IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent) were prepared and divided according to the surface condition (machining [M]—CEREC inLab; and polishing [P]—laboratory procedures), resin cement coating (with or without), and cement viscosity (high [H] and low [L]). The ceramic bonding surface was etched/primed by a one‐step primer application followed by resin cement application (Variolink N base + high or low viscosity catalyst; Ivoclar Vivadent). Biaxial flexural fatigue strength was evaluated on a piston‐on‐three‐ball set by the step‐test method (n = 15) (initial stress: 60 MPa; incremental steps: 20 MPa; 10,000 cycles/step, at 20 Hz). Weibull statistics were used for fatigue data. Contact angle, topographic, and fractographic analysis were also performed. Machining produced statistically lower contact angle than polishing and a significant detrimental effect on the fatigue behavior (σ0M = 247.2 [246.9–268.3]; σ0P = 337.4 [297.8–382.4]). Machined groups followed by resin cement coating (σ0MH = 297.9 [276.0–321.5]; σ0Ml = 301.2 [277.1–327.4]) behaved similarly to the polished and coated groups (σ0PH = 342.0 [308.9–378.5]; σ0PL = 357.3 [324.7–393.1]), irrespective of the cement viscosity. Therefore, cement coating has able to revert the detrimental effects of the machining on the fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic. High and low viscosity cements behaved similarly in the improvement of CAD–CAM lithium disilicate fatigue strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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20. Resin Cement Coating Reverts the Detrimental Effect of Machining on the Flexural Fatigue Strength of Lithium Disilicate Ceramic
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May, Michele Mirian, primary, Machry, Renan Vaz, additional, Fraga, Sara, additional, de Andrade, Guilherme Schmitt, additional, Bottino, Marco Antonio, additional, Valandro, Luiz Felipe, additional, and May, Liliana Gressler, additional
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- 2022
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21. Color and translucency stability of CAD/CAM restorative materials
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Dalforno, Rafaelo Fagundes, primary, Auzani, Maria Luiza, additional, Zucuni, Camila Pauleski, additional, Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, additional, and May, Liliana Gressler, additional
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- 2021
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22. Residual stresses explaining clinical fractures of bilayer zirconia and lithium disilicate crowns: A VFEM study
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Rodrigues, Camila S., primary, Dhital, Sukirti, additional, Kim, Jeongho, additional, May, Liliana Gressler, additional, Wolff, Mark S., additional, and Zhang, Yu, additional
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- 2021
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23. Extended glaze firings for porcelain-veneered zirconia: Effects on the mechanical and optical behavior
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Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, primary, Aurélio, Iana Lamadrid, additional, Fraga, Sara, additional, Kaizer, Marina da Rosa, additional, Zhang, Yu, additional, and May, Liliana Gressler, additional
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- 2021
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24. Fatigue behavior of bonded lithium disilicate glass-ceramic simplified restorations is not damaged by the finishing/grinding of the bonding surface of dentin analogue material
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Cadore-Rodrigues, Ana Carolina, primary, Machry, Renan Vaz, additional, Burgo, Thiago Augusto de Lima, additional, Venturini, Andressa Borin, additional, May, Liliana Gressler, additional, and Valandro, Luiz Felipe, additional
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- 2021
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25. Influence of testing environment on static fatigue behavior of a glass and a polycrystalline ceramic
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Fraga, Sara, primary, Pereira, Gabriel Kalil Rocha, additional, Guilardi, Luís Felipe, additional, May, Liliana Gressler, additional, Valandro, Luiz Felipe, additional, and Kleverlaan, Cornelis Johannes, additional
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- 2021
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26. Effect of resin cement space on the fatigue behavior of bonded CAD/CAM leucite ceramic crowns
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Venturini, Andressa Borin, Wandscher, Vinícius Felipe, Marchionatti, Ana Maria Estivalete, Evangelisti, Edoardo, Ramos, Gabriela Freitas, Melo, Renata Marques, May, Liliana Gressler, Baldissara, Paolo, and Valandro, Luiz Felipe
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- 2020
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27. Surface treatment and adhesion approaches on polymer-infiltrated ceramic network
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May, Michele Mirian, primary, Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, additional, Da Rosa, Juliane Bortolotto, additional, Herrmann, Júlia Persio, additional, and May, Liliana Gressler, additional
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- 2021
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28. Effect of an MDP-containing ceramic primer application on adhesion to a ZLS ceramic with or without prior acid etching
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Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, primary, Guilardi, Luís Felipe, additional, Follak, Andressa Cargnelutti, additional, Jacques, Letícia Borges, additional, and May, Liliana Gressler, additional
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- 2020
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29. Tribochemical Glass Ceramic Coating as a New Approach for Resin Adhesion to Zirconia.
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Wandscher, Vinícius Felipe, Fraga, Sara, Pozzobon, João Luiz, Maxnuck Soares, Fabio Zovico, Foletto, Edson Luiz, May, Liliana Gressler, and Valandro, Luiz Felipe
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CERAMIC coating ,ENAMEL & enameling ,DENTAL resins ,DENTAL adhesives ,DENTAL bonding ,ZIRCONIUM oxide - Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effects of a novel tribochemical silica coating technique with powders made from feldspathic ceramic and leucite-based ceramic on the bond strength of zirconia to resin cement before and after aging. Materials and Methods: Zirconia blocks were divided into 3 groups according to the material used for airborne-particle abrasion: 1) SP (control): silica-coated alumina particles; 2) FP: feldspathic ceramic powder; 3) LP: leucite glass-ceramic powder. After silanization, composite resin cylinders were cemented on the zirconia surface using a dual-curing resin cement. Prior to the shear bond strength (SBS) test, half of the samples (n = 15) were stored in distilled water for 24 h; the other half (n = 15) were submitted to aging (10,000 thermocycles of 5°C to 55°C; 150 days of water storage). The bond strength data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test ( = 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction analysis were performed. Results: The initial bond strengths did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.053). However, after aging procedures, airborne-particle abrasion with feldspathic ceramic powder (FP) resulted in higher values of bond strength (p = 0.0001). SEM and EDS indicated that all the treatments promoted silica deposition on the Y-TZP surface ceramic. Airborne-particle abrasion with FP and LP induced a lower percentage of the monoclinic phase. Conclusion: Airborne abrasion with fine feldspathic ceramic particles is a novel tribochemical technique and appears to be suitable for improving the bond strength between zirconia and resin cements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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30. Effect of an MDP-containing ceramic primer application on adhesion to a ZLS ceramic with or without prior acid etching.
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Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, Guilardi, Luís Felipe, Follak, Andressa Cargnelutti, Jacques, Letícia Borges, and May, Liliana Gressler
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OXIDE ceramics ,HYDROFLUORIC acid ,CERAMICS ,ETCHING ,SCANNING electron microscopes ,FAILURE mode & effects analysis ,CONTACT angle - Abstract
This study evaluated if using an MDP-containing ceramic primer combined with acid etching or without improves the microshear bond strength of resin cement to a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (ZLS). A total of 32 ZLS ceramic plates (Vita Suprinity) were prepared and divided according to the following adhesive procedures: primer (P), silane (S), hydrofluoric acid etching + primer (HFP), or hydrofluoric acid etching + silane (HFS). Resin cement was inserted and photo-cured into starch tubes (0.96 mm × 1 mm) over the treated ceramic surfaces. Half of the specimens were tested (microshear bond strength – µSBS) after 24 h and the other half after aging (90 days in distilled water and 10,000 thermocycles) (10 tubes/slice, n = 40). Pre-test failures were recorded and failure mode images were performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ceramic surfaces underwent as-sintered, HF etching, ceramic primer, or silane applications and were observed in SEM and had the contact angles analyzed. The data for bond strength, failure mode and number of pre-test failures were analyzed by ANOVA, t-tests, and Chi-square tests. HFS and HFP treatments showed similar and highest µSBS means in both baseline and aged conditions, and its bond strength was maintained after aging. The failure mode and number of pre-test failures were proven treatment-dependent. HF modified the ceramic surface and led to the lowest contact angle. MDP-containing ceramic primer without previous HF etching did not produce long-term bonding between ZLS and resin cement and did not improve the bond strength when HF etching was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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31. Do thermal treatments affect the mechanical behavior of porcelain-veneered zirconia? A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, primary, Aurélio, Iana Lamadrid, additional, Kaizer, Marina da Rosa, additional, Zhang, Yu, additional, and May, Liliana Gressler, additional
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- 2019
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32. Y-TZP surface treatments and their effects on the bond strength to resin cement
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May, Michele Mirian, primary, Marchionatti, Ana Maria Estivalete, additional, Valandro, Luiz Felipe, additional, Foletto, Edson Luiz, additional, Dorneles, Lucio Strazzabosco, additional, and May, Liliana Gressler, additional
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- 2019
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33. File-splitting multilayer vs monolithic Y-TZP: Fatigue flexural strength and loading stresses by finite element analysis
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Marchionatti, Ana Maria Estivalete, primary, Wandscher, Vinícius Felipe, additional, Aurélio, Iana Lamadrid, additional, Bergoli, César Dalmolin, additional, and May, Liliana Gressler, additional
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- 2019
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34. Loading frequencies up to 20 Hz as an alternative to accelerate fatigue strength tests in a Y-TZP ceramic
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Fraga, Sara, Pereira, Gabriel Kalil Rocha, Freitas, Mariana, Kleverlaan, Cornelis Johannes, Valandro, Luiz Felipe, and May, Liliana Gressler
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- 2016
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35. Internal adjustments decrease the fatigue failure load of bonded simplified lithium disilicate restorations
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Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, primary, Guilardi, Luís Felipe, additional, Follak, Andressa Cargnelutti, additional, Prochnow, Catina, additional, May, Liliana Gressler, additional, and Valandro, Luiz Felipe, additional
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- 2018
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36. IS SODIUM HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING METAL DAMAGE IN REMOVABLE DENTURES IMMERSED IN HYPOCHLORITE CLEANER?
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Marquezan, Mariana, primary, Fernandes, Tiago Pfaff, additional, May, Liliana Gressler, additional, and Braun, Katia Olmedo, additional
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- 2018
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37. Evaluation of procedures employed for the maintenance of removable dentures in elderly individuals.
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Barreiro DM, Scheid PA, May LG, Unfer B, Braun KO, Barreiro, Diego Marques, Scheid, Patrícia Alves, May, Liliana Gressler, Unfer, Beatriz, and Braun, Katia Olmedo
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Purpose: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the behaviour of the wearers of removable dentures in relation to cleaning and maintaining the prosthesis.Materials and Methods: Two hundred and thirty-one people were interviewed, most of whom were females, over 60 years of age and participants in the Center for Integrated Study and Support to the Elderly.Results: After analysing the responses, it was verified that most people brush their dentures three times a day using dentifrice and only go to the clinician when they have a complaint. They do not receive follow-up appointments for checkups, do not use immersion cleaners for their dentures and do not remove their dentures during the night.Conclusions: It was concluded that the study sample did not receive proper orientation for the conservation of removable dentures, which may consequently reduce the useful life of dentures and cause social and functional problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
38. Implant-abutment gap versus microbial colonization: Clinical significance based on a literature review
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Passos, Sheila Pestana, May, Liliana Gressler, Faria, Renata, Ozcan, Mutlu, and Bottino, Marco Antonio
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SINGLE-STAGE PROCEDURE ,2-STAGE IMZ IMPLANTS ,implant-abutment gap ,microbial leakage ,CRESTAL BONE CHANGES ,HISTOMETRIC EVALUATION ,osseointegration ,OSSEOINTEGRATED IMPLANTS ,TITANIUM IMPLANTS ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,IN-VITRO EVALUATION ,fluids and secretions ,bone loss ,embryonic structures ,SUBMERGED DENTAL IMPLANTS ,implant-abutment connection ,PARTIALLY EDENTULOUS PATIENTS ,BACTERIAL LEAKAGE - Abstract
Microorganisms from the oral cavity may settle at the implant-abutment interface (IAI). As a result, tissue inflammation could occur around these structures. The databases MEDLINE/PubMed and PubMed Central were used to identify articles published from 1981 through 2012 related to the microbial colonization in the implant-abutment gap and its consequence in terms of crest bone loss and osseointegration. The following considerations could be put forward, with respect to the clinical importance of IAI: (a) the space present at the IAI seems to allow bacterial leakage to occur, in spite of the size of this space; (b) bacterial leakage seems to occur at the IAI, irrespective of the type of connection. More studies are necessary to clarify the relationship between leakage at IAI and abutment connection designs; (c) losses at the peri-implant bone crests cannot be related to the IAI size, since few studies have shown no relationship. Also, the microbial leakage at the IAI cannot be related to the bone crest loss, since there are no articles reporting this relationship; remains controversial the influence of the IAI position on the bone crest losses. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 1321-1328, 2013.
- Published
- 2013
39. Efeito da espessura oclusal do cimento e da sua união à cerâmica na resistência à fratura de coroas CAD/CAM: método de elementos finitos e testes monotônicos
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May, Liliana Gressler [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Bottino, Marco Antonio [UNESP]
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Ceramics ,Carga para fratura ,Testes monotônicos ,Finite element analysis ,Cimentos de resina ,Análise de elementos finitos ,Resin cement ,Resistência à tração - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 may_lg_dr_sjc.pdf: 946538 bytes, checksum: 6dc08819ff6da0a49abe52da44ee3e73 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Neste estudo avaliou-se a influência da espessura oclusal do cimento e de sua união à cerâmica na resistência à fratura de coroas CAD/CAM. O software COMSOL Multiphysics® foi utilizado para análise de elementos finitos (AEF) em modelos axi-simétricos bidimensionais de coroas de cerâmica vítrea estilizadas, com espessura oclusal de 1,5 mm, cimentadas à troqueis de material análogo à dentina quanto ao módulo elástico e potencial de união à resina composta (NEMA G-10 International Paper, USA). Variou-se as espessuras oclusais de cimento resinoso de 50 a 500 μm. Uma carga de 500 N foi aplicada com um pistão de extremidade circular plana (2 mm de diâmetro) sobre as coroas. A contração de polimerização do cimento foi simulada através de contração térmica. O contato entre cimento e cerâmica foi configurado para “união” e “ausência de união”. O contato cimento-troquel foi sempre do tipo “união”. As tensões dadas pela AEF foram utilizadas para o cálculo de cargas para fratura, levando-se em conta os efeitos deletérios da usinagem e do condicionamento ácido relatados na literatura. As coroas (Mark II, Vita Zhanfabrik, Germany) foram usinadas (CEREC InLab, Sirona, Germany), condicionadas e cimentadas (Multilink Automix, Ivoclar, Lietchstein) à troqueis de NEMA G-10 (n=6). Para a produção de corpos-de-prova na condição “ausência de união”, aplicou-se uma fina película de poli(dimetilsiloxano) 30,000 cSt na superfície interna das coroas. As coroas foram submetidas à carregamento de 5N/s, com pistão de NEMA G-10, de extremidade plana e 2 mm de diâmetro. As fraturas radiais foram detectadas por sensor acústico. A magnitude das tensões resultantes da contração de polimerização dependeram da condição de união à cerâmica e da espessura oclusal de cimento. As cargas médias para fratura (N) de coroas com “união” ao cimento foram... In this study the influence of the occlusal cement thickness and its bonding to ceramic on the stresses and failure-loads of CAD/CAM crowns were evaluated. The software used for finite element analysis (FEA) was COMSOL Multiphysics®. Bi-dimensional axially symmetric models simulated stylized feldspathic crowns (1.5 mm occlusal thickness) with resin cement layers of 50 μm, 100 μm, 300 μm and 500 μm on dentin analog (NEMA G-10, International Paper, USA) under 500 N loading (2 mm diameter piston). Polymerization shrinkage of the cement layer was simulated as thermal contraction. Ceramic-cement interface was either bonded or not; cement-dentin was always bonded. Stress data were used for load-to-fracture predictions, using literature strengths accounting for milling and acid etching. Mark II® (Vita Zahnfabrik) crowns were milled (Cerec InLab®, Sirona), etched and cemented (Multilink Automix®, Ivoclar) to dentin analogs (NEMA G-10) (n=6). Non-bonding was achieved by applying a thin layer of 30,000 cSt poly(dimethylsiloxane) on the internal surface of the crowns. Crowns were loaded (5N/s) beneath a 2mm flat G-10 piston and radial cracks were detected acoustically. Stress magnitude resulting after cement shrinkage and loading depended on the bonding condition and on the cement thickness. Average failure loads (N) of bonded crowns were: 673.5 N for 50μm-cement thickness and 300.6 N for 500 μm. For non-bonded crowns, failure loads were 308,3 N, for 50 μm cement thickness and 233,3 N, for 500 μm. Bonded crowns presented failure loads at least two times higher than non-bonded, for 50 μm cement thickness, both experimentally and by FEA-based predictions. The benefit of bonding was lost when the cement was thicker than 500 μm. The resistance to fracture decreased with the cement thickness. Calculated loads based on FEA stresses and experimental data were comparable for the evaluate... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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- 2010
40. Cuspal deflection of directly or indirectly restored teeth
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Rocha, Daniel Maranha da, primary, Silva, João Maurício Ferraz da, additional, May, Liliana Gressler, additional, Araújo, Maria Amélia Máximo, additional, Di Nicoló, Rebeca, additional, and Rocha, João Carlos, additional
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- 2013
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41. Effect of silica coating combined to a MDP-based primer on the resin bond to Y-TZP ceramic
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May, Liliana Gressler, primary, Passos, Sheila Pestana, additional, Capelli, Diana Barca, additional, Özcan, Mutlu, additional, Bottino, Marco Antonio, additional, and Valandro, Luiz Felipe, additional
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- 2010
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42. Evaluation of the bacterial leakage along the implant-abutment interface.
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Faria, Renata, May, Liliana Gressler, De Vasconcellos, Diego Klee, Volpato, Cláudia Ângela Maziero, and Bottino, Marco Antonio
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DENTAL implants ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,DENTAL abutments ,BACTERIAL diseases ,INFLAMMATION ,BACTERIOLOGY - Abstract
Context: Recent studies observed contamination of the inner parts of dental implants through bacterial penetration along the implant–abutment interface that may cause malodor and inflammation of periimplant tissues. Aims: Evaluate in vitro bacterial leakage along the implant–abutment interface, comparing three types of connections: EH, IH and MT. Materials and Methods: Under sterile conditions, a colony of E. coli was inoculated in the apical portion of abutment screws, which were fixed to implants with a torque of 20 Ncm. Samples with immediate external contamination were discarded, while remaining specimens were placed in test tubes containing TSB. The broths that showed turbidity within the seven-day study period were planted in Petri dishes with TSA, and incubated in a bacteriological stove at 37°C for 24 h. At the end of the evaluation period, all assemblies were separated, and the internal content was collected using absorbent paper cones and saline water, and again planted to assess bacterial viability. The samples that did not contain viable E. coli were dismissed from the final results. As a result, 38 samples with EH, 40 with IH and 41 with MT connections were evaluated. Statistical Analysis Used: Survival curves were analysed using the Kaplan–Meyer test and compared by log-rank statistics. Results: There were no differences between the EH (10.53%), IH (4.88%) and MT (7.50%) connections. Conclusions: Bacterial infiltration occurred similarly in all three types of connections between abutments and implants, despite the different configurations of the interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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43. Digital photography in the diagnosis and documentation of cracks and dental color
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Swarowsky, Luciana Abitante, Durand, Letícia Brandão, Liedke, Gabriela Salatino, May, Liliana Gressler, Mezomo, Maurício Barbieri, and Yataco, Oscar Emilio Pecho
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Transiluminação ,Tooth color ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA [CNPQ] ,Transillumination ,Cracked tooth syndrome ,Fotografia odontológica ,Síndrome do dente trincado ,Cor ,Dental photography - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The potential of digital photography in Dentistry has been scientifically proven throughout its existence. The development of macro photography allowed dental professionals to accurately reproduce and communicate the most diverse clinical aspects. In the present work, two laboratory studies are presented about the use of digital photography as a means of diagnosis and documentation of different dental specificities. The first study, "Diagnosis and documentation of cracked tooth syndrome using different photographic techniques" evaluated the detection and documentation of tooth cracks through photographic images captured by seven photographic techniques. For this, 135 naturally cracked teeth were photographed in a standardized way by a digital camera (Canon EOS Rebel T6) equipped with a 100-mm macro lens associated with transillumination, circular flash and twin flash. Likewise, a smartphone (Apple iPhone 6) equipped with macro lens and external light, macro lens and transillumination, external light and transillumination was used. The study showed that the detection and documentation of crack lines differ according to the photographic technique used, and the visualization of cracks may be influenced not only by the light applied during the photographic process, but also by the type of magnification. The detection and documentation of dental cracks improved significantly when the image capture was associated with transillumination, regardless of the camera used. The second study, "Influence of image file and white balance on photographic color assessment", was developed in view of the need to understand the influence of the photographic file format and the white balance on the process of selecting and documenting tooth color. For this, photographs of 10 dental shade guides were captured in a standardized way, stored in RAW, JPEG and TIFF formats, and evaluated in a specific image program, before and after the white balance adjustment. The main findings showed that the image file formats tested documented different tooth color guides. Both the JPEG and TIFF image files, when originated from the RAW format with adjusted white balance, showed excellent ability to represent the color of the dental shade guide when visual perceptibility and acceptability thresholds were considered. In addition, the findings also showed that the use of the gray card of known color coordinates provided greater standardization of the recorded color, regardless of the image file format and/or the shade tab color. A potencialidade da fotografia digital na Odontologia vem sendo comprovada cientificamente ao longo da sua existência. O desenvolvimento da macro fotografia permitiu que os cirurgiões dentistas reproduzissem e comunicassem com precisão os mais diversos aspectos clínicos. No presente trabalho são apresentados dois estudos laboratorias acerca do uso da fotografia digital como um meio de diagnóstico e documentação de diferentes especificidades dentárias. O primeiro estudo, Diagnosis and documentation of cracked tooth syndrome using different photographic techniques: an in vitro study, avaliou a detecção e documentação de trincas dentárias por meio de imagens fotográficas capturadas por sete técnicas fotográficas. Para isto, 135 dentes humanos naturalmente trincados foram fotografados de modo padronizado por uma câmera digital (Canon EOS Rebel T6) equipada com lente macro 100-mm e associada à transiluminação, flash circular e flash twin. Do mesmo modo, utilizou-se um smartphone (Apple iPhone 6) equipado com lente macro e luz externa, lente macro e transiluminação, luz externa e transiluminação. Os principais achados no estudo mostraram que a detecção e documentação das linhas de trincas diferem de acordo com a técnica fotográfica empregada, podendo a visualização das fissuras ser influenciada não só pela luz aplicada durante a tomada fotográfica, mas também pelo tipo de magnificacação. A detecção e documentação das trincas dentárias melhorou significativamente quando a captura da imagem se deu associada à transiluminação, independente da câmera utilizada. O segundo estudo, Influence of image file and white balance on photographic color assessment, foi desenvolvido diante da necessidade de compreender a influência do formato de arquivo fotográfico e do balanço de branco no processo de seleção e documentação da cor dentária. Para isso, fotografias de 10 guias de cor dentária foram capturadas de modo padronizado, armazenadas nos formatos RAW, JPEG e TIFF, e avaliadas em programa específico de imagens, antes e depois do ajuste do balanço de branco. Os principais achados mostraram que os formatos de arquivo de imagem testados documentaram as guias de cor dentária diferente. Tanto o arquivo de imagem em formato JPEG quanto em TIFF, quando originados do formato RAW com balanço de branco ajustado, apresentaram excelente capacidade de representar a cor da guia dentária quando limites de perceptibilidade e aceitabilidade visual foram considerados. Além disso, os achados também mostraram que o uso do cartão cinza de coordenadas de cor conhecidas proporcionou maior padronização da cor registrada, independentemente do formato do arquivo de imagem e/ou da guia de cor retratada.
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- 2022
44. Effect of hydrofluoric acid concentration and conditioning time on the adhesion and mechanical behavior of glass ceramics: systematic review and meta-analysis
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Riesgo, Bibiana Vogel Peres, May, Liliana Gressler, Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, Marchionatti, Ana Maria, and Montagner, Anelise Fernandes
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Fratura ,Bond strength ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA [CNPQ] ,Cerâmicas vítreas odontológicas ,Acid conditioning ,Ácido fluorídrico ,Resistência adesiva ,Flexural strength ,Fadiga ,Condicionamento ácido ,Resistência à flexão ,Hydrofluoric acid ,Dental glass ceramics ,Fatigue ,Load to fracture - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different concentrations and etching times with hydrofluoric acid on the bond strength to resin cements and on the mechanical behavior of feldspathic, leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic, lithium disilicate and lithium silicate-based glass-ceramics through a systematic review of the literature. The search was performed in LILACS, PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The search strategy was carried out in two stages (title and abstract reading, and complete reading), which were conducted by two reviewers independently. In vitro studies that evaluated the effect of etching times or hydrofluoric acid concentrations on the adhesive or mechanical behavior of glass ceramics were included. Studies should present at least one protocol recommended by the manufacturers or frequently found in the literature (control) and an alternative protocol (intervention). From 3375 potentially selected studies, 86 were selected for full-text analysis, 28 were included for qualitative synthesis, from which 21 were used in the meta-analysis. Five studies that evaluated mechanical behavior through flexural fatigue strength and fatigue failure load tests were included in the qualitative analysis. Ten meta-analyses were carried out, from which eight involved comparisons of adhesive strength and the data were grouped according to the type of ceramic, to the factor under analysis (HF concentration and conditioning time) and to the aging conditions of the specimens. Heterogeneities ranged from high to low. In general, no statistical difference was observed in bond strength between the alternative application protocols of hydrofluoric acid and the control group, indicated by the manufacturer 5% for a time of 60 seconds in feldspathic and leucite-reinforced glassceramic. The meta-analysis performed for lithium disilicate-based ceramic showed, in the global analysis, a favoring of the time recommended by the manufacturer, 5% HF protocol for 20 seconds (p=0.005), compared to the times of 40 and 60 seconds. For the 10% concentration in the etching of lithium disilicate-based and lithium silicate-based ceramics, the global analysis showed favoring the 20- second comparison group, however the subgroup analyzes did not show any statistical difference in the bond strength. For the same ceramic, decreasing flexural strength was observed when the specimens were conditioned to times longer than that recommended by the manufacturers. In addition, there was a significant favoring for the HF concentration recommended by the manufacturer when compared to higher concentrations. The concentration and application time of hydrofluoric acid on lithium disilicate and lithium silicate ceramics recommended by the manufacturers appear to be effective in providing bond strength and mechanical strength values similar to or greater than alternative protocols. The effects of the etching protocols were no different regarding bond strength of feldspathic and leucite-reinforced glass-ceramics. In addition, it was not possible quantitatively evaluating the variable effects on the mechanical behavior of these ceramics. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar os efeitos das diferentes concentrações e tempos de condicionamento com o ácido fluorídrico na resistência de união à cimentos resinosos e na resistência mecânica de cerâmicas feldspáticas, feldspáticas reforçadas por leucita, à base de dissilicato de lítio e à base de silicato de lítio através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed/Medline, Scopus e Web of Science. A estratégia de busca foi realizada em duas etapas (leitura de título e resumo, e leitura completa), que foram realizadas por dois revisores de maneira independente. Foram incluídos estudos in vitro que avaliaram o efeito de tempos de condicionamento e/ou concentrações de ácido fluorídrico (HF) no comportamento adesivo ou mecânico de cerâmicas vítreas. Os estudos deveriam apresentar ao menos um protocolo recomendado pelos fabricantes ou encontrado com frequência na literatura (controle) e um protocolo alternativo (intervenção). De 3375 estudos potencialmente elegíveis, 86 foram selecionados para análise de texto completo, 28 foram incluídos para síntese qualitativa e destes, 21 foram usados na meta-análise. Cinco estudos que avaliaram a resistência estrutural através de testes de carga de falha à fadiga e de flexão biaxial, foram incluídos na análise qualitativa. Dez meta-análises foram realizadas, das quais oito envolveram resultados de resistência adesiva, sendo os dados agrupados de acordo com o tipo de cerâmica, com o fator em análise (concentração e tempo de condicionamento de HF) e com as condições de envelhecimento dos espécimes. As heterogeneidades variaram de altas a baixas. Em geral não foi observada diferença estatística na resistência adesiva entre os protocolos de aplicação alternativos do ácido fluorídrico e o grupo controle, indicado pelo fabricante (HF 5% por 60 segundos) nas cerâmicas feldspáticas e feldspáticas reforçadas por leucita. A meta-análise realizada para a cerâmica à base de dissilicato de lítio apresentou, na análise global, um favorecimento ao tempo recomendado pelo fabricante, protocolo de 5% de HF por 20 segundos (p=0.005), em comparação aos tempos de 40 e 60 segundos. Para a concentração de 10% no condicionamento das cerâmicas à base de dissilicato de lítio e à base de silicato de lítio, a análise global mostrou favorecimento ao tempo de 20 segundos, entretanto as análises de subgrupos não apresentaram diferença estatística na resistência adesiva. Para a mesma cerâmica, foi observada menor resistência à flexão quando os espécimes eram condicionados a tempos superiores ao que o fabricante recomenda e a análise de subgrupo apresentou um favorecimento significativo à concentração de HF recomendada pelo fabricante, quando comparada a concentrações superiores. A concentração e tempo de aplicação com ácido fluorídrico em cerâmicas à base de dissilicato de lítio e à silicato de lítio recomendados pelos fabricantes parecem ser eficazes para proporcionar valores de resistência adesiva e de resistência mecânica similares ou maiores que protocolos alternativos. Os protocolos de condicionamento não apresentaram efeitos diferentes na resistência adesiva de cerâmicas feldspática e reforçadas por leucita e não foi possível avaliação quantitativa no comportamento mecânico dessas cerâmicas.
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- 2021
45. Processing and coating with different resin cement viscosities: effects on the mechanical behavior of glassceramics
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May, Michele Mirian, May, Liliana Gressler, Soares, Luiz Felipe Valandro, Marchionatti, Ana Maria Estivalete, Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, Prochnow , Catina, and Pereira, Gabriel Kalil Rocha
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Usinagem ,Cyclic fatigue ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA [CNPQ] ,e-max CAD ,Resistência ,Strength ,Cimentação ,Cementation ,Fadiga cíclica ,Milling - Abstract
This thesis comprises three studies that address as a central theme the effect of adhesive protocol with resin cements at different viscosities on the mechanical behavior of lithium disilicate machined ceramics. The first study aimed to access the available scientific literature on the effect that procedures performed before cementation develop on the strength of computer-aided design; computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) glass-ceramics restorations. A systematic review was conducted for in vitro studies, accessing the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Of the 2764 potential articles found in the search, 42 were selected for full reading and 12 articles were included in the metaanalysis. It was concluded that the flexural strength of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics is reduced by grinding procedures, such as machining and fitting adjustment. Furthermore, ceramic microstructure, hydrofluoric acid concentration, and etching time determined the influence of hydrofluoric acid etching on the flexural strength and surface roughness of glass-ceramic materials. The second study analyzed whether high and low viscosity resin cement coating influenced the fatigue strength of machined vs polished lithium disilicate. Ceramic discs were obtained by machining in a CEREC inLab system and from reducing CAD-CAM blocks into cylinders, slicing in a cutting machine and polishing. Six experimental groups were evaluated, according to the surface characteristic (machined or polished), cementation protocol (coated or uncoated) and the cement used (high or low viscosity). The specimens were submitted to flexural fatigue strength test (n=15) by the "step-stress" method (10,000 cycles per step, frequency of 20 Hz, initial tension 60 MPa and increments of 20 MPa), in a piston-on-three ball test configuration, as well as roughness and contact angle analysis and scanning electron microscopy topographic and fractographic analysis. It was concluded that the cement coating was able to revert the damage effect caused by machining on the fatigue behavior of lithium disilicate. Furthermore, the behavior of high and low viscosity cements was similar regarding to ceramic strengthening. The third study evaluated the fatigue failure load of machined and polished lithium disilicate discs cemented to a dentin analogue material. The study had four experimental groups, according to the surface characteristic (machined or polished) and the cement used (high or low viscosity). The fatigue failure load and number of cycles for fatigue failure were determined using the “step-stress” method (n = 15) (10,000 cycles per step at a frequency of 20 Hz, initial load of 500 N and increments per step of 100N). Similarly to the second study, surface roughness analyzes were conducted before cementation, surface topography and fractographic analysis were done after fatigue test. The results showed that when lithium disilicate ceramic is cemented to a dentin analog support substrate, the deleterious effects of machining were not reverted by the resin cement bonding. No differences were found in the fatigue performance for the two investigated cement viscosities. A presente tese é constituída por três estudos que abordam como tema central o efeito do protocolo adesivo com cimentos resinosos em diferentes viscosidades no comportamento mecânico da cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio usinada. O primeiro estudo objetivou acessar a literatura científica disponível acerca do efeito que os procedimentos que antecedem a cimentação desenvolvem na resistência de restaurações vitrocerâmicas usináveis em sistema computer-aided design; computeraided manufacturing (CAD-CAM). Foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática de estudos in vitro, acessando as bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus. Dos 2764 potenciais artigos encontrados na busca, 42 foram selecionados para leitura completa e 12 artigos foram incluídos na metanálise. Concluiu-se que a resistência flexural de vitrocerâmicas para sistema é reduzida por procedimentos abrasivos, como desgaste com brocas diamantadas e usinagem. Além disso, a microestrutura da cerâmica, a concentração do ácido fluorídrico e o tempo de condicionamento determinam sua influência na resistência flexural e na rugosidade das vitrocerâmicas. O segundo estudo analisou se a aplicação de uma camada de cimento resinoso de alta e baixa viscosidades influenciaria a resistência à fadiga de dissilicato de lítio usinado. Para tanto, foram confeccionados discos de cerâmica obtidos por usinagem em sistema CEREC inLab, bem como a partir de blocos reduzidos em cilindros, seccionados em máquina de corte e polidos. Seis grupos experimentais foram avaliados, de acordo com a característica superficial (usinado ou polido), protocolo de cimentação (com cobertura ou sem cobertura) e o cimento utilizado (alta ou baixa viscosidade). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos a ensaio de resistência à fadiga flexural (n=15) pelo método “step-stress” (10.000 ciclos por passo, frequência de 20 Hz, tensão inicial 60 MPa e incrementos de 20 MPa), em configuração de ensaio piston-on-three ball, além de análises de rugosidade superficial, ângulo de contato, e análise topográfica e fractográfica em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Concluiu-se que a cobertura com cimento exerceu um efeito capaz de reverter os danos causados pela usinagem no comportamento à fadiga do dissilicato de lítio. Além disso, o comportamento dos cimentos de alta e baixa viscosidade foi similar com relação ao reforço da cerâmica. O terceiro estudo avaliou a carga para falha em fadiga de discos de dissilicato de lítio usinados e polidos cimentados em material análogo à dentina. O estudo contou com quatro grupos experimentais, conforme a característica superficial (usinados ou polidos) e o cimento utilizado (alta ou baixa viscosidade). A carga e o número de ciclos para a falha foram determinados através do método “step-stress” (n = 15) (10.000 ciclos por passo a uma frequência de 20 Hz, carga inicial de 500 N e incrementos de 100 N por passo). Similarmente ao segundo estudo, foram conduzidas análises de rugosidade superficial antes da cimentação, topografia de superfície e análise fractográfica após os testes de fadiga. Os resultados mostraram que quando a cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio foi aderida a um substrato análogo à dentina, os efeitos deletérios da usinagem não foram revertidos pela ação do cimento resinoso. Não foram encontradas diferenças no desempenho das duas viscosidades de cimento investigadas.
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- 2021
46. Thermal treatments on biiayer ceramic systems: a study of the mechanical and optical properties and residual stresses
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Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, May, Liliana Gressler, Zhang, Yu, Jacques, Letícia Borges, Borba, Márcia, Moraes, Rafael Ratto de, and Bonfante, Estevam Augusto
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Thermal treatments ,Cerâmica vítrea ,Tratamento térmico ,Glass ceramics ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA [CNPQ] ,Queimas de glaze ,Zirconia ,Glaze firings ,Zircônia - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES This dissertation is divided in three parts, which investigated the effects of thermal treatments on the mechanical behavior of bilayer ceramic systems as well as identify the main influencing factors. The first part gathered the scientific literature available to evaluate the effect of thermal treatments (glaze, cooling protocol, number of firings, annealing) on the flexural strength and load to fracture of porcelain-veneered zirconia (PVZ) samples. Three databases were used for performing the search (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science). From 393 relevant studies, 21 were selected for full-text analysis, from which 7 failed to meet the inclusion criteria. The 14 remaining papers were included for the systematic review: 8 for meta-analysis and 6 restricted to descriptive analyses. The results showed that delaying furnace opening at a temperature below the porcelain’s glass transition temperature is advised for PVZ restorations, in order to improve their fracture resistance. Moreover, there is a lack of information about the effect of glaze firings on the studied outcomes. The second part evaluated the effect of dwell time (conventional or extended) and cooling protocol (fast or slow) of glaze firings on the flexural strength, resistance to crack propagation, and optical properties stability of a porcelain-veneered zirconia system. Bilayer disc-shaped samples were prepared using a zirconia framework veneered with porcelain, and divided according to the thermal treatment to be performed after sintering: glaze firing (1 min of dwell time) followed by slow cooling (furnace opening at 200ºC) or fast cooling (furnace opening at 600ºC), extended glaze firing (15 min of dwell time) followed by slow cooling or fast cooling, or no thermal treatment (control). Porcelain roughness (Ra and Rz) and translucency (TP00) were measured before and after firings, as well as the color difference (ΔE00) after the treatments. Crystalline phase was analyzed with X-Ray diffraction. Flexural strength was measured with the piston-on-three-ball test. Additional samples were prepared and subjected to Vickers indentations on the porcelain for crack length analysis. The extended glaze firing was observed to improve the flexural strength and the resistance to crack propagation. No clinically significant difference was observed regarding the optical properties stability. The third part studied the stress development in bilayer systems with zirconia or lithium disilicate (PVLD) frameworks. The effects of cooling rate and thickness ratio were evaluated using a Viscoelastic Finite Element Method. Bilayer crown models were generated using a finite element software (ABAQUS). The physical properties (coefficient of thermal contraction, thermal conductivity, specific heat, density and elastic modulus) of each material studied were experimentally measured as a function of the temperature. Two cooling protocols were simulated (Fast: ~300ºC/min, Slow: ~30ºC/min) from 70ºC above the softening temperature of the porcelains using a heat transfer, followed by the residual stress analysis. PVLD showed lower values of residual stresses than PVZ. The maximum tensile stresses in porcelain over zirconia framework were observed in the cusp area, whereas those in porcelain over lithium silicate were located in the central fossa. Therefore, slow cooling is preferable for both PVZ and PVLD, as well as using a thinner porcelain layer over zirconia when possible. No presente trabalho, dividido em três partes, foram investigados os efeitos de tratamentos térmicos sobre o comportamento mecânico de sistemas cerâmicos bicamadas e os fatores que levam a esse efeito. A primeira delas reuniu a literatura científica disponível para avaliar o efeito de tratamentos térmicos (glaze, protocolos de resfriamento, número de queimas, annealing) na resistência à flexão e carga para fratura de espécimes de zircônia recoberta por porcelana (PVZ). Três bases de dados foram utilizadas para pesquisa (PubMed/Medline, Scopus e Web of Science). Foram encontrados 393 estudos relevantes, dos quais 21 foram selecionados para leitura completa e 7 não atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Dos 14 restantes, 8 foram incluídos em metanálises e 6 foram submetidos à análise descritiva. Os resultados mostraram que realizar a abertura do forno em temperaturas abaixo da temperatura de transição vítrea da porcelana é sugerido para melhorar a resistência à fratura do material. Ainda, observou-se que não há evidências claras sobre o efeito da queima de glaze nos desfechos observados. A segunda parte investigou o efeito de protocolos de queima de glaze na resistência à flexão e à propagação de trinca e na estabilidade das propriedades ópticas do sistema zircônia recoberta por porcelana. Para isso, foram confeccionados espécimes em formato de disco com duas camadas (infraestrutura de zircônia e cobertura de cerâmica feldspática), que foram divididos em cinco grupos, de acordo com o tratamento térmico a ser realizado após a sinterização da cerâmica de cobertura: Queima convencional de glaze (tempo de manutenção de 1 min) seguida de resfriamento lento (forno fechado até atingir 200ºC) ou rápido (abertura imediata do forno), queima estendida (tempo de manutenção de 15 min) seguida de resfriamento lento ou rápido, ou nenhum tratamento térmico após a sinterização (controle). Os espécimes foram submetidos à análise de rugosidade (Ra e Rz) e a leituras das coordenadas CIE L*a*b*, para cálculos de alteração de cor e translucidez, antes e após os tratamentos térmicos, e ao ensaio de resistência à flexão biaxial (piston-on-three-ball). Espécimes extra foram confeccionados para realização de indentações Vickers na porcelana e análise da propagação das trincas. Foi observado que a queima estendida de glaze levou a maiores valores de resistência a flexão e maior resistência a propagação de trincas. Nenhuma diferença clinicamente significativa foi observada na estabilidade das propriedades ópticas. Por fim, a terceira parte avaliou o desenvolvimento de tensões em restaurações bicamadas com infraestruturas de zircônia (PVZ) ou dissilicato de lítio (PVLD). Foram observados os efeitos da relação entre as espessuras das camadas e dos protocolos de resfriamento nas tensões transitórias e residuais, através de uma análise visco-elástica de elementos finitos. Um software de elementos finitos (ABAQUS) foi utilizado para criar modelos bicamadas. As propriedades físicas (coeficiente de contração térmica, condutividade térmica, calor específico, densidade e módulo de elasticidade) de cada material foram medidas experimentalmente em função da temperatura e foram inseridas no modelo. Resfriamentos lento (~30°C/min) e rápido (~300°C/min) foram simulados a partir de 70ºC acima da temperatura de amolecimento das porcelanas utilizando uma análise de transferência de calor seguido de análise de tensões residuais. Os resultados mostraram que a infraestrutura de dissilicato de lítio levou a menores valores de tensão residual, especialmente, quando resfriamento lento foi aplicado. Enquanto a localização das tensões máximas de tensão se encontram na cúspide nas PVZs, as PVLDs mostraram as tensões máximas na fossa central. Assim, protocolos de resfriamento lento são preferíveis para ambos os sistemas, bem como o uso de uma fina camada de porcelana sobre zircônia, quando possível.
- Published
- 2020
47. Color stability and translucency of aesthetic materials for CAD-CAM
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Dalforno, Rafaelo Fagundes, May, Liliana Gressler, Wandscher, Vinicius Felipe, and Kaizer, Osvaldo Bazzan
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Color change ,Cerâmica feldspática ,Composite resin ,Optical properties ,Propriedades ópticas ,Resina composta ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA [CNPQ] ,Contrast ratio ,Feldspathic ceramics ,Razão de constraste ,Cerâmica híbrida ,Alteração de cor ,Hybrid ceramics - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Feldspathic ceramics and composite resin are among the most used aesthetic restorative materials in dentistry. A few years ago, the so-called Polymer Infiltrated Ceramic Network (PICN) was released on the dental market. According to its manufacturer, PICN featured ceramic and polymeric components. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dye immersion on color change and translucency of these three aesthetic restorative materials: PICN, feldsphatic ceramic (CF) and resin composite (RC). Twelve 1.2 mm-thick 10 mm-diameter disks of each material were produced, finished and immersed in red wine twice a day for 30 minutes each immersion. Color coordinates, L*, a* and b*, were measured before, 15 and 30 days after immersion, for calculation of color change (ΔE00, according to CIEDE 2000 formula) and translucency (contrast ratio), during the immersion time. Color change and translucency data presented a normal distribution and were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey`s test. All tests were performed at a significance level of 5%. After 15 days of immersion, color change of RC was significantly greater than that of CF. PICN presented intermediate value, statistically similar to the other materials. After 30 days, color changes of the three materials were statistically similar. All color changes were perceptible and clinically unacceptable. None significant variation was observed in the contrast ratio of the three materials at 15 and 30 days. Findings indicate that PICN restorations would have levels of color change and translucency similar to those found in restorations of feldspathic ceramics and composite resin. Cerâmica feldspática e resina composta estão entre os materiais restauradores estéticos mais utilizados na odontologia. Há poucos anos, foi lançada no mercado a chamada cerâmica híbrida ou PICN (Polymer Infiltrated Ceramic Network) que segundo seu fabricante, apresenta componentes cerâmicos e poliméricos. O objetivo desse estudo é investigar comparativamente o efeito da imersão em corante na alteração de cor e translucidez de três materiais restauradores estéticos: PICN, cerâmica feldpática (CF) e resina composta (RC). Foram produzidos 12 discos de cada material com 1,2 mm de espessura e 10 mm de diâmetro. Os espécimes foram imersos em vinho tinto duas vezes ao dia por 30 minutos em cada imersão. Foram mensuradas as coordenadas de cor L*, a* e b* antes da imersão e após 15 e 30 dias, para calcular a alteração de cor (ΔE00, segundo a fórmula CIEDE 2000) e translucidez (através da razão de contraste) durante o período de imersão. Os dados de alteração de cor e translucidez apresentaram distribuição normal sendo realizada análise de variância One Way ANOVA e post-hoc de Tukey. Todos os testes foram realizados ao nível de significância de 5%. Após 15 dias de imersão a alteração de cor da RC foi significativamente maior que a do grupo CF e a PICN apresentou valor intermediário, estatisticamente semelhante aos dois. Após 30 dias a alteração de cor dos três materiais foi estatisticamente semelhante. Todas as alterações de cor foram perceptiveis e inaceitáveis clinicamente. Não foram observadas alterações significativas da razão de contraste dos três materiais nas medições de 15 e 30 dias. Os achados desse estudo indicam que restaurações de PICN apresentam níveis de alteração de cor e translucidez semelhantes aos encontrados em restaurações de cerâmica feldspática e de resina composta.
- Published
- 2019
48. Different hydrofluoric acid concentrations: effect on adhesion and fatigue behavior of a lithium disilicate ceramic
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Prochnow, Catina, Valandro, Luiz Felipe, Pereira, Gabriel Kalil Rocha, Bonfante, Estevam Augusto, Spazzin, Aloísio Oro, Aurélio, Iana Lamadrid, and May, Liliana Gressler
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Bond strength ,Rugosidade ,Atomic force ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA [CNPQ] ,Microshear ,Ângulo de contato ,Microcisalhamento ,Força atômica ,Roughness ,Ácido fluorídrico ,CAD/CAM ,Fadiga ,Adesão ,Cyclic load ,Carregamento cíclico dissilicato de lítio ,Adhesion ,Contact angle ,Hydrofluoric acid ,Lithium disilicate ,Fatigue ,Resistência de união - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The studies compound the present thesis. Firstly, the effect of different hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentrations (1%, 3%, 5% and 10%) on the microshear bond strength between a lithium disilicate ceramic and a resin cement was evaluated. Samples (12×14×2mm) of lithium disilicate were etched with the respective HF concentrations, silanized, and resin cement cylinders (Ø=0.72mm) were built up over the surfaces. A half of the samples was tested after 24h, and the other half was submitted to aging (150 days + 12,000 thermocycles – 5° and 55°C) previously to testing. Contact angle, atomic force and surface topography analysis were performed. On the “baseline” condition, HF3=HF5=HF10 (13.9–15.9MPa) (p>.05), and HF1HF1). The groups HF3, HF5, and HF10 presented lower contact angle values (7.8–10.4°). Higher HF concentrations promoted higher topographic alterations and consequently, rougher surfaces. In terms of adhesion, concentrations of 3%, 5% and 10% seem to be adequate for etching lithium disilicate. Secondly, the effect of different HF concentrations on the cyclic load-to-failure of lithium disilicate discs luted to a dentin analogue material was investigated. Ceramic discs (Ø=10mm; thickness=1.5mm) and of a dentin analogue material (G10; Ø=10 mm, thickness=2mm) were produced. With exception of the control group (CRTL), the ceramic discs were etched (HF3), (HF5) or (HF10) and later silanized, meanwhile the G10 discs received an adhesive primer application. After the adhesive luting, the cyclic load-to-failure (500,000 cycles, 20Hz, initial load=720N, step size=70N) was obtained by the staircase method, under water. A stainless-steel piston (Ø=40mm) applied the load in the center of the samples. Fractographic and topographic analysis were performed. Intermediate HF concentrations (3% and 5%) presented higher cyclic load-to-failure values, and the control group (non-etched) presented the worst behavior under fatigue [HF3(1355.0) = HF5(1335.0) > HF10(1175.0) > CTRL(965.0)]. All failures observed were radial cracks starting from the cementation surface. Lastly, the effect of different HF concentrations was evaluated on the cyclic load-to-failure of monolithic lithium disilicate restorations machined by CAD-CAM adhesively luted to simplified prosthetic preparations (G10). The staircase method was used for the tests following the same test assembly and experimental design of the previous study. Topographic, fractographic and fractal dimension analyses were performed. There was no statistical difference among the tested groups [CTRL(805.00) = HF3(781.25) = HF5(755.00) = HF10(833.75)]. Despite the fractal dimension and surface topography analyses have shown complex surfaces to HF3 and HF10, the topographic path created by machining was overweight on the lithium disilicate crowns. All failures found were radial cracks started from the luted surface. Based on the findings of the present thesis, in terms of adhesion and fatigue behavior, the ceramic tested can be etched with 3 and 5% HF. Três estudos compõe a presente tese. Primeiramente, o efeito de diferentes concentrações de ácido fluorídrico (HF; 1%, 3%, 5% e 10%) na resistência de união ao microcisalhamento entre uma cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio e um cimento resinoso foi avaliado. Amostras (12×14×2mm) de dissilicato de lítio foram condicionadas com as respectivas concentrações de ácido, silanizadas e cilindros de cimento resinoso (Ø=0.72mm) foram construídos sobre as superfícies. Metade das amostras foi testada após 24 h, e a outra metade foi submetida ao envelhecimento (150 dias + 12.000 ciclos térmicos – 5° e 55°C) prévio ao ensaio. Ângulo de contato, microscopia de força atômica e topografia de superfície foram realizadas. Na condição inicial, HF3=HF5=HF10 (13.9–15.9MPa) (p>.05), e HF1HF1). Os grupos HF3, HF5 e HF10 apresentaram menores valores de ângulo de contato (7.8–10.4°). Maiores concentrações de HF promoveram maiores alterações topográficas e consequentemente, superfícies mais rugosas. Em termos de adesão, concentrações de 3%, 5% e 10% parecem ser adequadas para o condicionamento do dissilicato de lítio. Segundamente, o efeito de diferentes concentrações de HF na carga cíclica para falha de discos de dissilicato de lítio cimentados a um material análogo de dentina foi investigado. Discos cerâmicos (Ø=10mm; espessura=1.5mm) e discos de um material análogo de dentina (G10; Ø=10 mm, espessura=2mm) foram produzidos. A exceção do controle (CTRL), os discos cerâmicos foram condicionados (HF3), (HF5) ou (HF10) e posteriormente silanizados, enquanto os discos de G10 receberam a aplicação de um primer adesivo. Após a cimentação adesiva, a carga cíclica para falha (500.000 ciclos, 20Hz, carga inicial=720N, incremento=70N) foi obtida através do método da escada, na presença de água. Um pistão de aço hemisférico (Ø=40mm) aplicou a carga no centro dos espécimes. Análise fractográfica e topográfica foram realizadas. Concentrações intermediárias de ácido fluorídrico (3% e 5%) apresentaram maiores valores de carga cíclica para falha, e o grupo controle (não condicionado) apresentou o pior comportamento em fadiga [HF3(1355.0) = HF5(1335.0) > HF10(1175.0) > CTRL(965.0)]. Todas as falhas observadas foram trincas radiais iniciadas a partir da superfície de cimentação. Por fim, o efeito de diferentes concentrações de HF foi avaliado na carga cíclica para falha de restaurações monolíticas de dissilicato de lítio usinadas pelo sistema CAD-CAM adesivamente cimentadas a preparos protéticos simplificados (G10). O método da escada foi utilizado para os ensaios de fadiga utilizando a mesma configuração de teste e delineamento experimental do estudo anterior. Análises topográfica, fractográfica e de dimensão fractal foram realizadas. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos testados [CTRL(805.00) = HF3(781.25) = HF5(755.00) = HF10(833.75)]. Apesar das análises de dimensão fractal e topografia de superfície terem mostrado superfícies mais complexas para HF3 e HF10, o padrão topográfico criado pela usinagem foi preponderante nas coroas de dissilicato de lítio. Todas as falhas encontradas foram trincas radiais iniciadas a partir da superfície de cimentação. Baseado nos resultados da presente tese, em termos de adesão e comportamento em fadiga, a cerâmica testada pode ser condicionada com HF 3% e 5%.
- Published
- 2018
49. Effect of ultrasonic activation of new endodontics sealers in the bond strength and root canal filling quality
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Padoin, Karine, Morgental, Renata Dornelles, May, Liliana Gressler, and Wolle, Carlos Frederico Brilhante
- Subjects
Cimentos dentários ,Tratamento do canal radicular ,Ultrassom ,Dental cements ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA [CNPQ] ,Obturação do canal radicular ,Root canal therapy ,Ultrasonics ,Endodontia ,Endodontics ,Root canal obturation - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasonic activation (UA) of three endodontic sealers on the bond strength to root dentin and root canal filling quality. Ninety-six bovine incisors were selected. After access and instrumentation, root canal filling was carried out using AH Plus (AP), Sealer Plus (SP) or Sealer Plus BC (BC), with or without UA (n=16/group). Then, two 1.5-mm slices were obtained from each root third. The first slice was subjected to push-out testing and failure mode analysis. The second slice was observed under a stereomicroscope for filling quality assessment, using a void score system. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests (α=0.05). Significant differences between sealers and types of activation were detected only in the apical third or when root thirds data were pooled. When no UA was applied, SP had higher bond strength than AP and BC. Also, SP presented lower void scores than BC. UA improved bond strength when BC was used, but did not affect the filling quality of any sealer. There were no significant differences between ultrasonically activated sealers, regarding bond strength and filling quality. Bond strength values were similar along the root depth, but there was a tendency to more voids in the apical third. The predominant failure mode was the mixed type. In conclusion, UA was effective in increasing the bond strength of the bioceramic sealer (BC), but did not improve its filling quality. Epoxy resin-based sealers (AP and SP) were not affected by UA. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da ativação ultrassônica (AU) de três cimentos endodônticos na resistência de união à dentina radicular e na qualidade da obturação de canais radiculares. Noventa e seis incisivos bovinos foram selecionados. Após acesso e instrumentação, os canais radiculares foram obturados empregando AH Plus (AP), Sealer Plus (SP) ou Sealer Plus BC (BC), com ou sem AU (n=16/grupo). Posteriormente, duas fatias de 1,5 mm foram obtidas de cada terço radicular. A primeira fatia foi submetida ao teste push-out e à análise do modo de falha. Já a segunda fatia foi avaliada em estereomicroscópio para análise da qualidade da obturação, utilizando um sistema de escores que considera a presença de espaços vazios. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney e Friedman (α=0.05). Diferenças significativas entre os cimentos e tipos de ativação foram detectadas apenas no terço apical ou quando os dados dos terços radiculares foram agrupados. Quando AU não foi utilizada, SP apresentou maior resistência de união do que AP e BC. Além disso, SP apresentou menores escores de espaços vazios do que BC. AU melhorou a resistência de união quando BC foi empregado, mas não afetou a qualidade da obturação de nenhum cimento. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os cimentos ativados por ultrassom quanto à resistência de união ou qualidade da obturação. Os valores de resistência de união foram semelhantes ao longo da raiz, mas houve uma tendência de mais espaços vazios no terço apical. O modo de falha predominante foi o tipo misto. Pode-se concluir que AU foi eficaz no aumento da resistência de união do cimento biocerâmico (BC), mas não melhorou sua qualidade de obturação. Os cimentos à base de resina epóxica (AP e SP) não foram afetados pela AU.
- Published
- 2018
50. Efeito de diferentes regimes de acabamento e polimento na resistência à flexão e topografia superficial de zircônias monolíticas
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Vila-Nova, Taciana Emília Leite, May, Liliana Gressler, Calderon, Patricia dos Santos, and Souza, Rodrigo Othavio de Assunção e
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Cerâmicas odontológicas ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA [CNPQ] ,Zircônia Y-TZP ,Resistência à flexão - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Introdução: As restaurações em zircônia monolítica podem exigir ajustes em sua estrutura antes da cimentação. Diversos métodos de acabamento e polimento são sugeridos na literatura, entretanto estes podem promover mudanças estruturais e na superfície da zircônia, o que pode afetar a resistência mecânica do material em longo prazo. Objetivo: Investigar in vitro o efeito de diferentes regimes de acabamento e polimento e da degradação em baixas temperaturas na resistência à flexão e topografia superficial em dois tipos de zircônia monolíticas. Metodologia: 300 barras de zircônia (Z: ice zirkon transluzent/Convencional e UT: Prettau Anterior/Ultratranslúcida, zirkonzahn, Gais, Itália) foram confeccionadas nas dimensões 2,1- 1,3x 2,5x10mm, lixadas e sinterizadas, apresentando dimensões finais de 1,7-1 x 2 x 8mm, divididas em 20 grupos (n=15) de acordo com três fatores: “Zircônia”-2 níveis (Z: Convencional; UT: Ultratranslúcida), “Acabamento e Polimento”- 5 níveis (C- Controle; BBorrachas; P- Asperização com pontas; PB- Asperização com pontas + Borrachas; PGAsperização com pontas + glaze) e “Degradação”- 2 níveis (COMD: autoclave à 127°C, 1,7 bar /24h; sem degradação). Foi realizado o ensaio de resistência à miniflexão (3 pontos), com v:1mm/min e células de carga 500N e 5000N. Duas amostras de cada grupo foram preparadas para microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV)/ Espectrometria por Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X (EDS) e microscopia de força atômica (MFA). A rugosidade média de cada grupo foi avaliada qualitativamente. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA (3 fatores) e Tukey (5%). Resultados: Os fatores “Zircônia” (p=0,0000), “Acabamento e Polimento” (p=0,0000) e “Degradação” (p=0,01) e foram estatisticamente significantes, sendo as maiores médias encontradas nos grupos ZPBD (1670.2 ± 252.73)A , ZBD (1663.5 ± 216.80)A e ZB (1654.7 ± 367.79A ) e as menores na zircônia UT, destacando-se o grupo UTPG (372.1±56.295)G . No MEV pode-se observar que a camada de glaze não recobriu toda superfície da zircônia e as borrachas promoveram uma superfície mais uniforme. O EDS revelou maior quantidade de óxido de ítrio nas zircônias UT, já na MFA maior valor de Ra foi encontrado nos grupos asperizados, sendo UT>Z. Conclusão: O protocolo mais indicado para acabamento e polimento das restaurações em zircônia são o uso de borrachas diamantadas. A asperização seguida pelo glaze reduziu a resistência da zircônia e o uso das borrachas forneceram uma superfície mais uniforme em relação aos demais métodos. Background: The restorations in monolithic zirconia may require adjustments in their structure prior to cementation. Several methods of finishing and polishing are suggested in the literature, however they can promote structural and surface changes of the zirconia, which can affect the mechanical strength of the material in the long term. Aim: To investigate in vitro the effect of different finishing and polishing regimes and low temperature degradation on flexural strength and surface topography in two types of monolithic zirconia. Method: 300 zirconia bars (Z: ice zirkon transluzent / Conventional and UT: Prettau Anterior / Ultratransluzent, zirkonzahn, Gais, Italy) were made in sizes 2.1-1.3x 2.5x10mm, sanded and sintered, (Z: Conventional; UT: Ultratransluzent), "Finishing and Polishing" - 5 levels (C- Control, B- diamond polishers, Pgrinding with burs, PB- grinding with burs + diamond polishers, PG- grinding with burs + glaze) and "Degradation" - 2 levels (WithD: autoclave at 127 ° C, 1,7 bar / 24h, without degradation). The miniflexion resistance test (3 points) was performed, with v: 1mm / min and 500N and 5000N load cells. Two samples from each group were prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) / X-ray Dispersive Energy Spectrometry (EDS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The mean roughness of each group was evaluated qualitatively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (3 factors) and Tukey (5%). Results: The "Zirconia" (p = 0.0000), "Finishing and Polishing" (p = 0.0000) and "Degradation" factors (p = 0.01) were statistically significant, ZBD (1670.2 ± 252.73)A , ZBD (1663.5 ± 216.80)A and ZB (1654.7 ± 367.79A ) and the lowest in the UT zirconia, standing out the UTPG group (372.1 ± 56.295)G . In the SEM it can be observed that the glaze layer did not cover the whole surface of the zirconia and the diamond polishers promoted a more uniform surface. The EDS showed higher amount of yttrium oxide in the UT zirconia and the AFM showed the higher Ra value was found in the roughened groups, with UT> Z. Conclusion: The most suitable protocol for finishing and polishing restorations in zirconia is the use of diamond polishers. The grinding followed by glaze reduced zirconia resistance and the use of the diamond polishers provided a more uniform surface compared to the other methods.
- Published
- 2018
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