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Background: Although the relationship of self-efficacy to sports performance is well established, little attention has been paid to self-efficacy in the movements or actions that are required to perform daily activities and prepare the individual to resume sports participation following an injury and associated period of rehabilitation. There are no instruments to measure self-confidence in movement validated in an adolescent population. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report on the development of the AMCaMP, a self-report measure of confidence in movement and provide some initial evidence to support its use as a measure of confidence in movement. Methods: The AMCaMP was adapted from OPTIMAL, a self-report instrument that measures confidence in movement, which had been previously designed and validated in an adult population. Data were collected from 1,115 adolescent athletes from 12 outpatient physical therapy clinics in a single healthcare system. Results: Exploratory factor analysis of the 22 items of the AMCaMP using a test sample revealed a three factor structure (trunk, lower body, upper body). Confirmatory factor analysis using a validation sample demonstrated a similar model fit with the data. Reliability of scores on each of three clusters of items identified by factor analysis was assessed with coefficient alpha (range = 0.82 to 0.94), Standard Error of Measurement (1.38 to 2.74), and Minimum Detectable Change (3.83 to 7.6). Conclusions: AMCaMP has acceptable psychometric properties for use in adolescents (ages 11 to 18) as a patient-centric outcome measure of confidence in movement abilities after rehabilitation. Level of Evidence: IV [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Background: In 2010, the American Academy of Pediatrics officially adopted the recommended return to play guidelines proposed by the International Conference on Concussion in Sport. The guidelines include a six‐step process that provides structure to guide an athlete who is recovering from a concussion in a gradual return to play (RTP) by allowing participation in increasingly difficult physical activities. Unfortunately, the guidelines fail to take into account the variability that occurs within different sports and the resulting challenges medical professionals face in making sure each athlete is able to withstand the rigors of their specific sport, without return of symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical commentary is to expand upon the current general consensus guidelines for treatment of concussed pediatric athletes and provide sport specific RTP guidelines. Description of Topic: The intention of the sport specific guidelines is to maintain the integrity of the current six‐step model, add a moderate activity phase highlighted by resistance training, and to provide contact and limited contact drills specific to the athlete's sport and/or position. The drills and activities in the proposed seven‐step programs are designed to simulate sport specific movements; the sports include: football, gymnastics, cheerleading, wrestling, soccer, basketball, lacrosse, baseball, softball, and ice hockey. These activities will provide sports specific challenges to each athlete while simultaneously accomplishing the objectives of each stage of the RTP progression. The final RTP determination should occur with documented medical clearance from a licensed healthcare provider who has been trained in the evaluation and management of concussions. Discussion/Relation to Clinical Practice: There have been significant strides in the management and care of concussed athletes. However, there continues to be a lot of confusion among, athletes, parents, and coaches regarding the proper management of an athlete with a concussion, particularly in the pediatric population. In an effort to eliminate ambiguity and help further promote adherence to the RTP guidelines, the authors developed several sports‐specific RTP guidelines. Level of Evidence: 5 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Background: In 2010, the American Academy of Pediatrics officially adopted the recommended return to play guidelines proposed by the International Conference on Concussion in Sport. The guidelines include a six‐step process that provides structure to guide an athlete who is recovering from a concussion in a gradual return to play (RTP) by allowing participation in increasingly difficult physical activities. Unfortunately, the guidelines fail to take into account the variability that occurs within different sports and the resulting challenges medical professionals face in making sure each athlete is able to withstand the rigors of their specific sport, without return of symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical commentary is to expand upon the current general consensus guidelines for treatment of concussed pediatric athletes and provide sport specific RTP guidelines. Description of Topic: The intention of the sport specific guidelines is to maintain the integrity of the current six‐step model, add a moderate activity phase highlighted by resistance training, and to provide contact and limited contact drills specific to the athlete's sport and/or position. The drills and activities in the proposed seven‐step programs are designed to simulate sport specific movements; the sports include: football, gymnastics, cheerleading, wrestling, soccer, basketball, lacrosse, baseball, softball, and ice hockey. These activities will provide sports specific challenges to each athlete while simultaneously accomplishing the objectives of each stage of the RTP progression. The final RTP determination should occur with documented medical clearance from a licensed healthcare provider who has been trained in the evaluation and management of concussions. Discussion/Relation to Clinical Practice: There have been significant strides in the management and care of concussed athletes. However, there continues to be a lot of confusion among, athletes, parents, and coaches regarding the proper management of an athlete with a concussion, particularly in the pediatric population. In an effort to eliminate ambiguity and help further promote adherence to the RTP guidelines, the authors developed several sports‐specific RTP guidelines. Level of Evidence: 5 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]