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Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation. Persistent low-grade inflammation defines OA pathogenesis, with crucial involvement of pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages. While mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and their small extracellular vesicles (sEV) hold promise for OA treatment, achieving consistent clinical-grade sEV products remains a significant challenge. This study aims to develop fully characterized, reproducible, clinical-grade batches of sEV derived from umbilical cord (UC)-MSC for the treatment of OA while assessing its efficacy and safety. Initially, a standardized, research-grade manufacturing protocol was established to ensure consistent sEV production. UC-MSC-sEV characterization under non-cGMP conditions showed consistent miRNA and protein profiles, suggesting their potential for standardized manufacturing. In vitro studies evaluated the efficacy, safety, and potency of sEV; animal studies confirmed their effectiveness and safety. In vitro, UC-MSC-sEV polarized macrophages to an anti-inflammatory M2b-like phenotype, through STAT1 modulation, indicating their potential to create an anti-inflammatory environment in the affected joints. In silico studies confirmed sEV's immunosuppressive signature through miRNA and proteome analysis. In an OA mouse model, sEV injected intra-articularly (IA) induced hyaline cartilage regeneration, validated by histological and μCT analyses. The unique detection of sEV signals within the knee joint over time highlights its safety profile by confirming the retention of sEV in the joint. The product development of UC-MSC-sEV involved refining, standardizing, and validating processes in compliance with GMP standards. The initial assessment of the safety of the clinical-grade product via IA administration in a first-in-human study showed no adverse effects after a 12 month follow-up period. These results support the progress of this sEV-based therapy in an early-phase clinical trial, the details of which are presented and discussed in this work. This study provides data on using UC-MSC-sEV as local therapy for OA, highlighting their regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties and safety in preclinical and a proof-of-principle clinical application. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background To assess the effect of a commercial artificial intelligence (AI) solution implementation in the emergency department on clinical outcomes in a single level 1 trauma center. Methods A retrospective cohort study for two time periods—pre-AI (1.1.2017–1.1.2018) and post-AI (1.1.2019–1.1.2020)—in a level 1 trauma center was performed. The ICH algorithm was applied to 587 consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ICH on head CT upon admission to the emergency department. Study variables included demographics, patient outcomes, and imaging data. Participants admitted to the emergency department during the same time periods for other acute diagnoses (ischemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI)) served as control groups. Primary outcomes were 30- and 120-day all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome was morbidity based on Modified Rankin Scale for Neurologic Disability (mRS) at discharge. Results Five hundred eighty-seven participants (289 pre-AI—age 71 ± 1, 169 men; 298 post-AI—age 69 ± 1, 187 men) with ICH were eligible for the analyzed period. Demographics, comorbidities, Emergency Severity Score, type of ICH, and length of stay were not significantly different between the two time periods. The 30- and 120-day all-cause mortality were significantly reduced in the post-AI group when compared to the pre-AI group (27.7% vs 17.5%; p = 0.004 and 31.8% vs 21.7%; p = 0.017, respectively). Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge was significantly reduced post-AI implementation (3.2 vs 2.8; p = 0.044). Conclusion The added value of this study emphasizes the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) computer-aided triage and prioritization software in an emergent care setting that demonstrated a significant reduction in a 30- and 120-day all-cause mortality and morbidity for patients diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Along with mortality rates, the AI software was associated with a significant reduction in the Modified Ranking Scale (mRs).

Este trabalho teve por objetivo a verificação da gestão democrática participativa e a formação continuada dos professores das escolas públicas do município de Jaguaruna/SC. A metodologia discorrida foi uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizando um levantamento sobre a forma de como os gestores e professores vêm se preparando em termos de formação para que a gestão democrática participava nas escolas seja uma realidade efetiva. Esta pesquisa foi realizada junto a equipe gestora e professores de todas as escolas públicas do município de Jaguaruna/SC sobre “gestão democrática participativa nas escolas e formação continuada dos profissionais de ensino da rede pública estadual de Santa Catarina”, para entender como estão sendo capacitados estes profissionais para vivenciar a gestão democrática nestas instituições. A partir da análise dos dados verificou-se que capacitações sobre gestão escolar são oferecidas apenas aos diretores de escola e que há pouco envolvimento da equipe gestora, aos professores e aos colaboradores na gestão democrática destas escolas observadas. Palavras-chave: Gestão democrática; formação continuada; participação.

The objective was to test the development of Hymenaea courbaril seedlings in different substrates and different fertilizers. The experiment was conducted at São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira, Brazil in greenhouse Pad & Fan type. Seedlings were grown in same environment and 20 days after sowing they were transplanted into seedlings black bags (5 litres of volume) with following substrates: S1 = soil + organic compound (1:1) and S2 = soil + cellulose residue (1:1). Fertilizer treatments were: T1 = Control, T2 = Osmocote® (15-09-12), T3 = Osmocote® (14-14-14), T4 = conventional fertilizer (04-30-10). The evaluated traits were: plant height (cm), diameter of plants stems (mm), leaves chlorophyll content (mg 100 cm-2) and dry weight of root and shoot (g). The experimental design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 4 x 2 (substrates x fertilizer) totalling eight treatments and 13 repetitions, one plant per plot. According to all evaluated traits, the most indicated substrate for Hymenaea courbaril seedlings development was soil + organic compound using Osmocote® (15-09-12) as fertilizer.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of luminosity and different substrates on Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis) chlorophyll a and b contents and root system evaluation. The experiment was conducted in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme (substrates x luminosities), in completely randomized design with 20 treatments and 3 replicates. The substrates were: S1 = Soil, S2 = Soil + sand (2:1), S3 = Soil + organic matter (1:1), S4 = Soil + organic matter + sand (2:1:1) and S5 = organic matter + sand (3:1), in four luminosity conditions: full sun, 30%, 50% and 80% of shading for six months. We evaluated chlorophyll a and b. After 180 days after planting, bigger contents of both chlorophyll were found according to increment of shading.

Introduction: Pulmonary opacities in COVID-19 increase throughout the illness and peak after ten days. The radiological literature mainly focuses on CT findings. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of chest radiographs (CXR) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at presentation. Methods: We retrospectively identified consecutive reverse transcription polymerase reaction-confirmed COVID-19 patients (n = 104, 75% men) and patients (n = 75, 51% men) with repeated negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests. Two radiologists blindly and independently reviewed the CXRs, documented findings, assigned radiographic assessment of lung edema (RALE) scores, and predicted the patients’ COVID-19 status. We calculated interobserver reliability. The score use for diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The overall RALE score failed to identify COVID-19 patients at presentation. However, the score was inversely correlated with a COVID-19 diagnosis within ≤2 days, and a positive correlation was found six days after symptom onset.Interobserver agreement with regard to separating normal from abnormal CXRs was moderate (k = 0.408) with low specificity (25% and 27%). Definite pleural effusion had almost perfect agreement (k = 0.833) and substantially reduced the odds of a COVID-19 diagnosis. Disease distribution and experts’ opinion on COVID-19 status had only fair interobserver agreement. The RALE score interobserver reliability was moderate to good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.745). A high RALE score predicted a poor outcome (intensive care unit hospitalization, intubation, or death) in COVID-19 patients; a score of ≥5 substantially increased the odds of having a poor outcome. Conclusion: Chest radiography was found not to be a valid diagnostic tool for COVID-19, as normal or near-normal CXRs are more likely early in the disease course. Pleural effusions at presentation suggest a diagnosis other than COVID-19. More extensive lung opacities at presentation are associated with poor outcome in COVID-19 patients. Thus, patients with more than minimal opacities should be monitored closely for clinical deterioration. This clinical application of CXR is its greatest strength in COVID-19 as it impacts patient care.

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) is a native species widely found on highways margins, however, cutting practices are necessary, which increase the maintenance cost, being an alternative, the use of growth regulators, such as Paclobutrazol. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of Paclobutrazol doses as growth regulator in Bahiagrass. The turf was implanted in black plastic containers (8.46 L), previously prepared with the mixture of soil + sand + organic compost (1:1:1). The experimental design was completely randomized, composed of 3 doses of Paclobutrazol [1.1 and 2.2 kg a.i. (active ingredient) ha-1 + control (0 kg a.i. ha-1)], in four applications of 2 L of syrup per container, thus forming a factorial 3x4 (doses x response time) with 3 repetitions. The fresh and dry mass, relative chlorophyll index, leaf N and the visual aspect of the green cover rate were evaluated on four different dates. It was observed that the product controlled the growth of the lawn, with less production of fresh and dry mass, and increase of the relative index of chlorophyll and concentration of leaf nitrogen; however, it decreased turfgrass density of green mass, which influenced the visual lawn aspect. Thus, Paclobutrazol controlled Bahiagrass growth at a dose of 2.2 Kg a.i. ha-1 in regular applications of 30 to 45 days, however it affected the density and consequently the aesthetics of the turfgrass.

‘Barazur’ or DiscoveryTM (Cynodon dactylon) is a new variety of Bermuda grass that has slow vertical growth and a bluish-green colour, and the use of sewage sludge in implantation of this species may be an alternative for its sustainable cultivation, without need for chemical fertilizers. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the influence of sewage sludge compound on colour and development of Bermuda grass DiscoveryTM. The experiment was conducted in the field with sod implanted in black plastic containers (volume 8.46 L) filled with soil + sand (1:1) and added different dosages of sludge compost, being: 0 g L -1 (control), 30 g L-1, 60 g L-1 and 120 g L-1. Digital image analysis, fresh and dry leaf mass, Nitrogen leaf and Nitrogen leaf accumulation were evaluated. It was observed that the sewage sludge influenced on turfgrass colouring and development, where 30 g L-1 showed excellent results for colouring with less mass production and N accumulation than the highest dose, showing that this treatment is sufficient for lawn development, without the need of using higher concentrations of compound. It is concluded that the use of composted sewage sludge at a dose of 30 g L-1 is recommended for use in implantation of Bermuda grass DiscoveryTM.

Mowing is a fundamental management for turfgrass development. However, this operation has a higher cost, requiring alternatives to mechanical handling, such as growth regulators use. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the use of paclobutrazol and phenoxaprope-P-ethyl as growth regulators in Carpet grass Plus®. The experiment was performed in full sun, in the northwest region of São Paulo state, from January to March 2020. The grass used was planted in black plastic containers (50 x 17 cm, with a height of 15 cm, totalling 11 L of volume), previously prepared with a mixture of soil + sand (2:1). The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of two doses of paclobutrazol (1.0 and 2.0 mL L-1) + control and two doses of phenoxaprope-P-ethyl (6.25 and 12.5 µL L-1) + control. Leaf chlorophyll index, digital image analysis and fresh leaf mass were evaluated. It was observed that for Carpet grass Plus®, there was paclobutrazol effect when used as a growth regulator, with the recommended dose of 2 ml L-1 due to its residual effect up to 35 days in reducing fresh mass, without changing the concentration of leaf chlorophyll and green colour. Phenoxaprope-P-ethyl, on the other hand, had an effect as a growth regulator for the studied species, when used in the dose of 6.25 µL L-1.

For the implantation of a coffee tree crop, aiming at a high yield, each cultivar, depending on the plant distribution and density, can express differently its results. This study aimed to evaluate the yield potential and grain quality of Arabica coffee cultivars grown under different spacings between rows and between plants. A randomized block design was used, with three replications, in a split-split-plot scheme, being the plots three coffee cultivars (Obatã IAC-1669-20, Tupi IAC-1669-33 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC-144), four spacings between rows (1.8 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m and 3.0 m) and four spacings between plants in the row (0.5 m, 0.7 m, 0.8 m and 1.0 m), totaling 48 treatments. The type of coffee bean (flat, peaberry and elephant) and yield per hectare were evaluated. The Obatã cultivar showed the highest potential yield, in relation to Tupi and Catuaí Vermelho, and also the highest percentage of flat grains. The factors, in order of importance, that interfere with the potential yield of processed coffee are the cultivar and the spacing between rows and between plants.

The increased consumption of acerola in Brazil was triggered because it is considered as a functional food mainly for its high ascorbic acid content, but the fruit also has high nutritional value, high levels of phenolic compounds, total antioxidant activity, anthocyanins and carotenoids in its composition. The objective was to evaluate the chemical, physical-chemical and antioxidant activity of eight varieties of acerola tree. The acerolas used in the research were the harvest 2015, 8 varieties: BRS 235 - Apodi, Mirandópolis, Waldy - CATI 30, BRS 238 - Frutacor, Okinawa, BRS 236 - Cereja, Olivier and BRS 237 - Roxinha, from the Active Bank Germplasm APTA Regional Alta Paulista in Adamantina - SP. Avaluated the following attributes: pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, reducing sugar, instrumental color, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The design was completely randomized, 8 varieties and 3 replications of 20 fruits each. Acerola fruit of the analyzed varieties prove to be good sources of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, ensuring its excellent nutritional quality relative to combat free radicals. The variety BRS 236 - Cereja presents higher ascorbic acid content, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds, and the lowest value for flavonoid, which was higher than the other cultivars, especially Olivier and Waldy CATI-30.

Turfgrass is a fundamental part in sports fields’ composition. Some aspects should be taken into account in the choosing species process, such as turfgrass use (trampling tolerance), turfgrass management, physical-chemical soil conditions and shade tolerance. With accomplishment of sporting events in Brazil, there was requirement for football arenas reform and modernization. Among architecture alterations, coverings implantation was noticed, resulting luminosity reduction affecting turfgrass development. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of luminosity and substrates on Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis) development. The experiment was conducted in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme (substrates x luminosities), in completely randomized design with 20 treatments and 3 replicates. The substrates were: S1 = Soil, S2 = Soil + sand (2:1), S3 = Soil + organic matter (1:1), S4 = Soil + organic matter + sand (2:1:1) and S5 = organic matter + sand (3:1), in four luminosity conditions: full sun, 30%, 50% and 80% of shading for six months. We evaluated substrates fertility composition, solar radiation, grass height and fresh and dry mass. Shading interfered on Bermuda grass development, which tolerates intermediate shading (30% and 50%). Substrates containing the highest levels of organic matter submitted to shading had impaired turfgrass performance.

El presente ensayo o pieza de revisión es un intento de brindar al lector una lectura holística del problema de la imagen y su disociación respecto a la marca o proceso de construcción de marca. Centrados en la industria hotelera (producto alojativo), la propuesta sugiere dos asuntos significativos. Por un lado, existe una necesidad de introducir nuevos estudios cualitativos que complementen los puntos que no tienen respuesta sobre el rol que juega el conocimiento como aspecto de intención de compra. Por el otro, cada producto se encuentra inserto en una matriz de tiempo, en cuyo caso, estudiar la evolución de la imagen a lo largo de la vida del producto se hace una cuestión de importancia para los analistas de marketing. Así mismo, el ensayo hace énfasis en la interacción microsocial (cara a cara) como forma relacional para el posicionamiento de los productos hoteleros. Ello demuestra que existe una tendencia hacia la fragmentación (segmentación) que debe ser discutida y analizada.

Resumen La presente pieza de revisión interroga sobre los orígenes y evolución del turismo oscuro dentro del Reino Unido. A primera vista, esta nación ofrece un fértil terreno de exploración para las prácticas de turismo oscuro, que por varios motivos no se han replicado en América Latina. Los objetivos del presente ensayo son dobles. Por un lado, hacemos una revisión profunda de la historia cultural de Inglaterra a la vez, que por el otro, situamos el concepto de Thanaptosis que discute la literatura vigente, dentro del contexto cultural del protestantismo, y del capitalismo mortuorio. Palabras Claves: Muerte, Turismo Oscuro, Inglaterra, Logro, Protestantismo. Abstract The present piece interrogates on the roots and cultural evolution of Dark tourism within England. At a closer look, this country offered a fertile ground for the rise of dark tourism practices while in other regions as Latin America, it failed to be adopted as a main activity. Basically, the goals of this essay review are twofold. On one hand, we review the historic background for England to serve as a platform to thanatology. On another, it situates as an interesting discussion to expand the current understanding on Thanaptosis as finely-ingrained into Protestant World. Key Words: Death, Dark Tourism, England, Achievement, Protestant

The physic nut can be propagated asexually or sexually. Using cuttings have been earlier yield and more fidelity characteristics of the parent plant. However, there is less initial vegetative growth. The seeds from the plants have increased genetic variability, are more vigorous and begin production later. To get quality changes, the substrate is an important factor. With that the objective was to taste pre-germinated treatments and different substrate on seeds emergence and quality physic nut seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial scheme 6 x 3 (pre-germinated treatments x substrate), 18 treatments and 4 repetition, 8 seeds to each repetition. It was evaluated six pre-germination treatments: T1: witness (without treatments); T2: water immersion for 12 hours; T3: water immersion for 24 hours; T4: mechanical scarification; T5: mechanical scarification + water immersion for 12 hours; T6: mechanical scarification + water immersion for 24 hours, using as substrate: commercial, expanded vermiculite and sand washed. The mechanical scarification was realized opposite the micropyle using sandpaper n. 60. After the pre-germination treatments, the seeds were emergence in plastic cups (200mL) with substrates. We evaluated the characteristics: percentage, beginning and emergence speed index, mean length of plant, diameter of plant stem, SPAD index, fresh and dry shoot and root. The results showed that in seeds of Jatropha do not need pre-germinative treatments; and the use of commercial substrate showed seedling development.

Este libro reseñado representa un modelo conceptual holístico tendiente a comprender la relación de la justicia con la ira, y de ésta última con el perdón. Este modelo aplica desde crímenes de lesa humanidad, hasta problemas de victimización en zonas urbanas. El proyecto adquiere fuerza en este momento cuando los estados nacionales se ven envueltos en serios problemas para reducir la criminalidad dentro de sus fronteras. Nussbaum ejerce una crítica constructiva contra el centro discursivo de la racionalidad occidental y su manera de concebir el sistema penal.

While tourism scholars have struggled over decades to establish tourism as a valid academic discipline, it’s no less true that social scientists have developed a negative image of our colleagues. This in fact happens because for social imaginary leisure and tourism are naïve activities, or practices enrooted in an alienatory nature. Paradoxically, many of founding parents of sociology of tourism was embraced this belief, the advance of modernity, as well as tourism, will disorganize the social ties. In this essay review, we place the French Tradition under the critical lens of scrutiny revealing alternatives in tourism epistemology between tourism as a profit-oriented industry and as a mechanism of discipline.

Los medios masivos de comunicación cumplen un rol importante en la sociedad, son una suerte de reforzadores morales que problematizan y ofrecen soluciones a las cuestiones importantes de la sociedad. No obstante, en la sociedad de consumo, somos testigos de un cambio sustancial en el rol de los medios quienes han pasado a ser productores del “espectáculo del desastre”. El 11 de septiembre ha marcado a fuego no solo el poder de los medios para distorsionar ciertas realidades a sus audiencias, sino para cubrir la noticia escondiendo las causas reales que fomentan el terrorismo. El presente ensayo intenta situarse como una critica constructiva al discurso periodístico y de los medios dominantes sobre el terrorismo.

O Brasil é o terceiro maior produtor de frutas, participando com 6% da produção mundial. Devido a maior preocupação e conscientização dos consumidores, atualmente, há grande procura por alimentos seguros e saudáveis, principalmente os consumidos in natura, que sejam produzidos respeitando o meio ambiente e sejam socialmente responsáveis. Para atender às exigências de mercado, normas internacionais de sistemas de gestão foram criadas pela necessidade de padronização de conceitos da qualidade a fim de proporcionar igual competitividade a qualquer organização, independentemente de sua dimensão e ramo de atuação, em qualquer país. Na área agrícola, normas de certificação também foram desenvolvidas e adaptadas pelo governo brasileiro para garantir a participação do Brasil no mercado externo, não sofrer restrição pelas barreiras não tarifárias além de produzir alimentos seguros e de qualidade. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é reunir elementos do sistema integrado de gestão, abrangendo as normas ISO 9001 e ISO 14001, gestão da qualidade e meio ambiente respectivamente, e relacioná-las com a produção e processamento pós-colheita de frutas como garantia de alimento seguro e de qualidade, a partir de certificações agrícolas como Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF), Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC) e Produção Integrada de Frutas (PIF), possibilitando apontar as vantagens de implantação e otimização de recursos e tempo de implementação de ações. Os princípios do sistema de gestão formam a base para a melhoria contínua do desempenho, focada nos objetivos do sistema e na identificação de seus componentes. Os sistemas de certificação da produção agrícola, se aliados a um sistema de gestão, podem apresentar maior eficácia e fluidez nos seus processos de produção.

El siguiente ensayo filosófico trata el complejo tema de los desaparecidos en la última dictadura argentina, conocida como Proceso de Reorganización Nacional. El es tado nacional secuestró, torturó y asesinó a miles de ciudadanos sin un juicio oral y público pasando todo el andamiaje jurídico a la clandestinidad. Muchos niños fueron secuestrados y reconducidos a nuevas familias con una identidad cambiada. Con el retor no a la democracia, varias agrupaciones civiles buscan a esos niños de ayer que hoy son adultos. Pero ¿hasta que punto una persona puede ontologicamente asumir una identidad fuera de su vida biográfica? Nuestra tesis apunta a que el Kirchnerismo como proye cto ha tomado el tema de los “nietos recuperados” como un mecanismo ideológico de disciplinamiento en una nueva forma de hacer política, donde lo conspirativo abre el juego a dos realidades antagónicas.

A wide set of mechanism to understand what is happening surfaces in contexts of emergencies in order for social bondage not to be disintegrated. Nationalism and cultural heritage are new elements of a neo-consumerism. These work as a form of understanding the environment and the connection of self with nature. Basically, the tragedy suggests a radical determination but the personal strength can overcome its obstacles. Following this, the pride for the own culture seems to be over-exaggerated after a episode of this magnitude. In this vein, we examine not only the coverage of journalists and newspapers in the Japan ́s quakes but also refer to the elements that intervene in the configuration of nuclear threat which was surely embodied into the figure of Fukuyima ́s reactor.

O solo é um dos recursos essenciais pela influência que exerce sobre os ambientes e sociedades. No entanto, a promoção de um conjunto de ações que incentivem a importância da conservação do solo ainda se faz necessária. Objetivou-se, com esse trabalho, incentivar o estudo e a preservação do solo e do ambiente em escolas de Ensino Fundamental no Município de Dourados-MS. As atividades iniciaram-se em 2008 e dadas as suas características despertaram o interesse da comunidade, estendendo a oferta de palestras, visitas ao campo para observar o solo e a paisagem e atividades lúdicas e de pintura. Ao final do projeto verificou-se uma ampliação no conhecimento e conscientização das crianças acerca dos solos e meio ambiente, fortemente motivados pela inserção das atividades lúdicas. Além disso, pelo intercâmbio Universidade-Comunidade, o projeto contribuiu para a formação dos palestrantes envolvidos.

A couve chinesa é uma hortaliça amplamente utilizada na alimentação humana. Tendo em vista a escassez de informações referentes à fertirrigação na produção de mudas de olerícolas, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de fertirrigação nas características morfofisiológicas de mudas de couve chinesa (Brassica pekinensis L.), utilizando o fertilizante 20-5-10 (NPK). O experimento foi conduzido em viveiro telado, na Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), em bandejas de isopor de 128 células. Foram realizadas duas fertirrigações, aos 5 e aos 12 dias após a emergência. Avaliou-se, aos 32 dias após a semeadura, o número de folhas, o comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz, as massas fresca e seca da parte aérea e da raiz, a área foliar e o teor de clorofila. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, utilizando-se seis doses do fertilizante (0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0; 8,0 e 16,0 g L-1), com quatro repetições. Os resultados indicaram que a dose de 9,8 g L-1 do fertilizante proporcionou maiores valores de comprimento e massa seca da parte aérea e menor comprimento das raízes, enquanto o número de folhas não sofreu interferência das doses utilizadas. Sendo assim, doses do fertilizante de até 10 g L-1 na água de irrigação são recomendadas para a produção de mudas de couve chinesa.

La guerra ha sido considerada por la antropología social como una de las actividades productivas más importantes de las culturas, civilizaciones o sociedades. Ella no solo reconfigura los lazos internos de solidaridad por medio del temor, sino que también continúa el sistema productivo por medio de avance tecnológico. Cuando las sociedades dejan de practicar la guerra simplemente mueren. No obstante, luego del ataque a las Torres Gemelas en Septiembre de 2001, el concepto de guerra ha cambiado radicalmente hasta transformarse en objeto de temor pero también de atracción. Dentro de ese contexto, el presente trabajo indaga sobre el pensamiento de tres especialistas (Paul Virilio, Norbert Elías y Corey Robin) que han hecho del fenómeno su centro de estudio y meditación. Estos exponentes han afirmado que la evolución moral de toda civilización depende de sus oportunidades de asociación ante la guerra y los recursos tecnológicos a su disposición que los lleva a celebrar la guerra e imponer la paz.

Social Anthropology delved into the war as one of most important activities of all societies, cultures and civilizations. She not only sets the circles of solidarities by means of the articulation of fear but also she continues the advance of technology previously developed in peace-time. Whenever societies are unable to make the war, simply they are extinguished. Nonetheless, after the World Trade center’s attack in Sept. 2001, terrorism advent and the war on terror have created a pervasive reality wherein the fear and spectacle converges. In this conjuncture, this paper explores the conceptual connection between Paul Virilio, Norbert Elias and Corey Robin who have made of this issue their epicenter of research and thinking. They have certainly argued that moral evolution of every civilization is circumscribed to its own opportunities and technological resources to celebrate the war and impose peace

Durante muchos años filósofos y teólogos se han cuestionado sobre la cuestión de la caída. Es innumerable la bibliografía sobre el tema como así también las propias dudas sobre la omnipresencia y sabiduría de un Dios que implícitamente o no permite la presencia del pecado por medio de su propia creación. El mito fundador de querubín Lucifer no sólo simboliza la relación entre el hombre y la traición sino también el amor filial entre el padre y su creación las cuales concilian la negación cultural de la muerte de la progenie o generaciones más jóvenes. Utilizando la teoría antropológica de los dones de M. Mauss, el presente trabajo teórico intentará explicar el origen mítico del mal dentro de la tradición judeo-cristiana como una de las elaboraciones más temidas, la muerte del hijo.

La mayoría de las culturas y las mitologías hace referencia a un paraíso o mundo idílico donde todos los sufrimientos del hombre son erradicados (cielo), pero a la vez contraponen un escenario en donde “los desviados” son sometidos a las más cruentas torturas y pesares (infierno). El problema de perder el derecho a disfrutar del paraíso por las propias decisiones pone a los hombres en una carrera contra sí mismos por recuperarlo. La vida se presenta actualmente como dura, injusta y caótica, empero no siempre ha sido así. La unión entre trabajo y ocio se encuentra fundamentada por las enseñanzas de los dioses. El viaje turístico se constituye como ese intento, humano e imperfecto, de recuperar el paraíso perdido. Dentro de este contexto, el siguiente trabajo examina discursivamente los elementos fundantes del viaje turístico en la película La Isla dirigida por M. Bay y protagonizada por E. MacGregor y S. Johansson. Los objetivos del trabajo se encuentran asociados a interpretar el discurso del mencionado film y su posterior relación con temas de evidente debate público como la clonación, el proceso antropológico de territorialización e identidad, el utilitarismo económico y el viaje como productor de alteridad y fijación normativa (coacción).

The variables that converge in tourism as a mass-activity and social institution are manifold aswell as those problems which jeopardize its well-functioning. Even though, terrorist attacks have been presence in the past as a way to vindicate certain politic protagonism, it was no before than 11 September where scholars considered the risk perception as a prolific theory capable to explain the turbulent time we are now living. The future of this wave seems to be uncertain for Spanish native speakers. In a moment characterized by a crucial shift because of the advent of a new millennium, there is a proliferation not only of risks but also of anguishes and fears. Under such a context the present piece has focused on a synthesis of the main contributions of risk perception theory applied on travels at the same time it does not loose the sight on the troublesome aspects this theoretical perspective is unable to resolve.

El siguiente trabajo de revisión versa sobre la irrupción y posterior influencia del riesgo en la vida social de las comunidades urbanas. Alternando un interesante dialogo con autores de la talla de Robert Castel y Ulrich Beck, el siguiente artículo enfatiza en el modelo sistémico del profesor Niklas Luhmann en el desarrollo del riesgo y la contingencia. Para una definición operacional del fenómeno es necesario referirse a la selectividad del riesgo y no a su producción. Las sociedades no producen riesgos, sino que por el contrario, es el riesgo un código que permite la intelectualización de la contingencia del sistema.

The present research is aimed at describing scientifically how the citizenship practiced the leisure in Ancient Rome ranging from I B.C and I D. C centuries. Almost 123 years of history that deserves being uncovered. Readers who wish having clear how leisure conformed in High Empire should refer to classical biographers such as Cornelius Tacitus and Caius Suetonius. In different manners, both have contributed to understand further about how Romans lived. Like in Greece, mythology encouraged the conflict confronting sons against their fathers. The glory, fame and power were values that a child learned from the cradle. For that, in the lapse of few decades Rome transformed in a military and economic power that subdued all known world for more than four centuries. Under such a circumstance, leisure worked as a vehicle towards hegemony and ideology preventing social fragmentation as well as encouraging a rural migration to urban cities.

Los mitos y los rituales han sido analizados durante mucho tiempo por la antropología. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que los vinculen a los procesos de descanso, y a la lógica del trabajo. El siguiente artículo pretende ser un aporte novedoso, a la función de las vacaciones como procesos rituales de expiación. El marco referencial utilizado se basa en dos trabajos del historiador Mircea Eliade titulados Mito y Realidad, publicado en 1968; y El Mito del Eterno Retorno, de última reimpresión en 2006.

Review of WALLINGRE, Noemí. Historia del Turismo Argentino. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Turísticas, 2007.

Los productos y servicios tienen atributos, signos y símbolos que cumplen una función distintiva. Sin embargo, hay algunos que trascienden a esa dinámica y pasan a formar parte de procesos más amplios y complejos como el nacionalismo ¿Cómo comprender el caso de Aerolíneas Argentinas? Se intentará responder a esta cuestión utilizando fuentes secundarias de tipo estadísticas y periodísticas.

En abordajes anteriores, hemos intentado reflejar las prácticas y formas de ocio en el Alto Imperio Romano escogiendo como unidad de análisis sólo la ciudad de Roma y sus adyacencias más inmediatas. Al terminar el trabajo, nuevos preguntas surgieron con respecto al papel que el ocio ha cumplido dentro del proceso de romanización o asimilación cultural en las provincias romanas. Para ser más exactos, Hispania. Este trabajo intentará responder las cuestiones que hacen al ocio como forma de interpretación política en Hispania durante el Alto Imperio.

Constitutive expression of active Akt (Akttg) drives hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pancreatic β-cells, concomitantly with increased insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance, and at a later stage the development of insulinoma. To determine which functions of Akt are mediated by ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), an Akt effector, we generated mice that express constitutive Akt in β-cells in the background of unphosphorylatable ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6P-/-). rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency failed to block Akttg-induced hypertrophy and aneuploidy in β-cells, as well as the improved glucose homeostasis, indicating that Akt carries out these functions independently of rpS6 phosphorylation. In contrast, rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency efficiently restrained the reduction in nuclear localization of the cell cycle inhibitor p27, as well as the development of Akttg-driven hyperplasia and tumor formation in β-cells. In vitro experiments with Akttg and rpS6P-/-;Akttg fibroblasts demonstrated that rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency leads to reduced translation fidelity, which might underlie its anti-tumorigenic effect in the pancreas. However, the role of translation infidelity in tumor suppression cannot simply be inferred from this heterologous experimental model, as rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency unexpectedly elevated the resistance of Akttg fibroblasts to proteotoxic, genotoxic as well as autophagic stresses. In contrast, rpS6P-/- fibroblasts exhibited a higher sensitivity to these stresses upon constitutive expression of oncogenic Kras. The latter result provides a possible mechanistic explanation for the ability of rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency to enhance DNA damage and protect mice from Kras-induced neoplastic transformation in the exocrine pancreas. We propose that Akt1 and Kras exert their oncogenic properties through distinct mechanisms, even though both show addiction to rpS6 phosphorylation.

En sus orígenes, la sociología se vio seriamente influenciada por la teoría de la secularización. Desde entonces hasta nuestros días, muchos sociólogos han especulado y elaborado un sin fin de tesis y teorías explicando los avances y retrocesos que han sufrido los procesos religiosos en todo el mundo. Como lo fue en el siglo XIX, la preocupación de los cientistas sociales estaba fundada en ciertos indicadores que anunciaban el fin de la religión, proceso al cual llamaron “secularización”.El problema encerraba una incógnita de difícil solución: por un lado, ciertos indicadores demostraban cómo las religiones tradicionales en todo el globo tenían cada vez menos influencia en las sociedades. Se llegó a pensar que los días de la religión estaban contados. Sin embargo, otros datos parecían confirmar lo contrario. La religión estaba cada vez más presente en las vidas de personas y éstas parecían no poder vivir sin ella, o lo que es más exacto aún, no podían coexistir entre sí sin su religiosidad. ¿Qué hay de cierto en esta afirmación? Más allá de todo preconcepto adquirido, ¿qué se entiende cuando se habla de secularización? ¿Existe una transformación de lo sagrado o es simplemente el fin de la religión? ¿Qué hechos demuestran esta transformación? Por último, ¿por qué se está dando este fenómeno?

El objetivo del presente artículo es determinar si existe un fenómeno de religiosidad popular, por las consecuencias sociales del caso del incendio provocado por una bengala en un recital de un grupo de rock en Buenos Aires. Se analiza que se entiende por religiosidad popular y se toman cinco elementos: la sacralización de los muertos, la idea de conflicto social, el sincretismo, las fechas conmemorativas, y la promesa como relación entre el devoto y el santo. Finalmente, mediante entrevistas en profundidad, observación participante y no participante se establece una relación entre esas categorías teóricas y los hechos empíricos.