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Three-component condensation of in situ generated pyridinium aroylmethylides with isatins or aromatic aldehydes and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds gave a series of condensed 2-aroyl-2,3-dihydrofurans. The reaction proceeds diastereoselectively and represents a cascade process involving the Knoevenagel condensation, the carbo-Michael reaction, and intramolecular nucleophilic substitution. The possibility of reductive rearrangement of spirocyclic furanyl-substituted oxindole into a pyran derivative by the action of zinc in acetic acid was shown.

A library of trans-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitriles was synthesized in a diastereoselective manner in good yields by the three-component reaction of β-ketonitriles, carbonyl- and semistabilized pyridinium ylide precursors, and aldehydes in the presence of piperidine. This one-pot transformation generates two C-C and one C-O bond and proceeds through a cascade Knoevenagel condensation, a Michael addition, and intramolecular SN2 cyclization. Formation of cyclopropanecarbonitrile derivatives, which in some cases were obtained as major products, was found to be a competing reaction. The use of arylglyoxals changes regioselectivity and leads to 2-hydroxy-2H-pyran-5-carbonitriles.

Three-component condensation of in situ generated pyridinium acyl methylides with aromatic aldehydes and 4-hydroxythiocoumarin led to a series of 2-acyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-thiochromeno[4,3-b]furan-4-ones. The reaction proceeds diastereoselectively with the formation of trans-isomers and represents a cascade process involving the Knoevenagel condensation, carbo-Michael reaction, and intramolecular nucleophilic substitution. The subsequent redox rearrangement of 2-acyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-thiochromeno[4,3-b]furan-4-ones by the action of Zn and ZrCl4 grants access to 4H,5H-thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyran-5-ones.

A new oxidative transformation of 1H-benzo[f]chromenes into spirodimers under the action of selenium dioxide was discovered, leading to spirodimers, which are dibenzannulated analogues of naturally occurring welwitschins E and F. In the reaction, both MnO2 and I2O5 can also be used as an oxidant. The protocol has advantages of mild reaction conditions and simple operation. At the same time, oxidation of 1H-benzo[f]chromenes with (diacetoxyiodo)benzene is accompanied by the formation of 3,3′-bibenzo[f]chromene as a dimer of a different structure. It was also found that 4H-chromenes under the action of various oxidants are cleaved to give chalcone.

The addition of dihalocarbenes to 1H-benzo[f]chromenes and 4H-chromenes gave a number of dihalotetrahydro(benzo)cyclopropa[b]-chromenes containing donor and acceptor substituents at different positions. It was found that in the case of 1,3-disubstituted 1H-benzo[f]-chromenes, the reaction proceeds diastereoselectively with the formation of trans-isomers. 12H,13H-7a,12a-Methanobenzo[f]indeno-[1,2-b]chromene and 12,13-dihydro-14H-7a,13a-methanodibenzo[a,h]xanthene, representatives of new heterocyclic systems, were obtained.

By the reaction of 3-aryl-1H-benzo[f]chromenes with N-bromosuccinimide in aqueous acetone, a series of 2-aroyl-1,2-dihydronaphtho-[2,1-b]furans unsubstituted at the C-1 position were obtained as a result of formal addition of hypobromous acid to the pyran fragment and intramolecular nucleophilic substitution. This reaction is a rare example of the ring constriction in 1H-benzo[f]chromene series.

The oxidation of 3-aryl-1H-benzo[f]chromenes with Koser’s reagent in methanol afforded a series of benzoflavylium tosylates. This reaction is the first example of the use of polyvalent iodine compounds to access arene-condensed pyrylium salts.

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A series of diesters on the basis of 5,7-dimethyl-1,3-adamantanediol and 5,7-dimethyl-1,3- bis(hydroxymethyl)adamantane and C3–C10 aliphatic acids have been synthesized and their physicochemical and thermo-oxidative properties have been studied. The properties of the esters obtained have been compared to those of trimethylolpropane and neopentyl glycol esters.

The reaction of 1,1-bis(morpholino)ethene with precursors of о-quinone methides derived from Mannich bases of phenols and 2-naphthols provided a series of chromeno[2,3-b]chromenes. The cascade process included a hetero-Diels–Alder reaction between о-quinone methide and ketenaminal, elimination of secondary amine, and [4+2] cycloaddition between о-quinone methide and the chromene intermediate.

A new method is proposed for the preparation of 2-aroylbenzofurans and 2-aroylnaphtho[2,1-b]furans via oxidative rearrangement of 2,4-diaryl-4Н-chromenes and 1,3-diaryl-1Н-benzo[f]chromenes in the presence of selenium dioxide.

A series of benzofuran derivatives was synthesized as analogues of known natural α-glucosidase inhibitors. Their activity was evaluated in enzymatic assay and in rat model of diabetes mellitus. Newly identified inhibitors demonstrate significant potency with IC50 values ranging from 6.50 to 722.2 μM, as well as hypoglycemic activity exceeding the reference drug acarbose. Docking simulations provided insight to structure-activity relationships to direct further development of these novel hypoglycemic agents. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Herein we report a study of novel arylchromene derivatives as analogs of naturally occurring flavonoids with prominent α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. Novel inhibitors were identified via simple stepwise in silico screening, efficient synthesis, and biological evaluation. It is shown that 2-aryl-4H-chromene core retains pharmacophore properties while being readily available synthetically. A lead compound identified through screening inhibits yeast α-glucosidase with IC50 of 62.26 µM and prevents postprandial hyperglycemia in rats at 2.2 mg/kg dose.

The first example of the use of potassium trinitromethanide as a 1,1-ambiphilic synthon equivalent for the construction of a benzofuran moiety mediated by triethylamine has been developed. The method tolerates a variety of functional groups on the starting quaternary ammonium salt and has been successfully extended to polysubstituted benzofurans. Formation of an o-quinone methide intermediate is postulated as a key to the mechanism of this cascade process.

The first example of the use of potassium trinitromethanide as a 1,1-ambiphilic synthon equivalent for the construction of a benzofuran moiety mediated by triethylamine has been developed. The method tolerates a variety of functional groups on the starting quaternary ammonium salt and has been successfully extended to polysubstituted benzofurans. Formation of an o-quinone methide intermediate is postulated as a key to the mechanism of this cascade process.