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Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of oral and maxillofacial lesions affecting children and adolescents patients from a single oral pathology laboratory from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Material and Methods: Oral and maxillofacial lesions biopsied in patients younger than 19-years were retrieved from the oral pathology files of the Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro over a 75-year period (1942-2017). The clinical data and the diagnoses of each case were included in a Microsoft Excel® database, being classified into 13 categories according to the etiology. A descriptive analysis of the variables age, gender and final diagnosis was made., Results: From 19.095 lesions diagnosed in this period, 2408 (12.61%) were from patients aged 0 to19 years, with a higher incidence in females in the second decade. Salivary gland pathology was the most common group of lesions (24.30%), followed by reactive lesions (16.82%) and odontogenic cysts (14.66%). Mucocele was the most common lesion (21.72%), followed by dentigerous cyst (6.48%) and fibrous hyperplasia (6.44%). Malignant lesions were observed in 1.12% of all cases with Burkitt lymphoma as the most frequent., Conclusions: Our results were similar to previous studies and knowledge of these data may contribute to the understanding of oral lesions that most commonly affects children.

Objective: We aim to establish consistent time points for evaluating palatal fistula incidence to standardize reporting practices and clarify prospective literature., Design: An institutional retrospective chart review was conducted on 76 patients with unilateral or bilateral complete cleft lip and palate who underwent secondary alveolar bone grafting between 2006 and 2015., Main Outcome Measures: Early fistula incidence rates were reported prior to maxillary expansion, and late fistula rates were reported at the time of alveolar bone grafting. Fistula recurrence rates after primary repair were also measured., Results: We found an early fistula incidence rate of 20% (n = 15) and a late fistula rate of 55% (n = 42) at the time of secondary ABG. Fistulae recurred after initial repair in 43% of cases. Fistulae were classified using the Pittsburgh Classification System as type III (33%), type IV (60%), or type V (7%). The presence of a bilateral cleft ( P = 0.01) and history of early fistula repair ( P < 0.01) were associated with late fistula incidence in a univariate analysis. In a logistic regression model, only early fistula repair was associated with late fistula incidence (OR = 17.17) and overall likelihood of recurrence (OR = 70.89)., Conclusions: Early fistulae should be reported prior to orthodontic expansion of the maxillary arch. Late fistulae should be reported at the time of ABG, following palatal expansion. Patients who develop an early fistula after palatoplasty are likely to experience recurrent fistula formation.

Objective: To examine the time trends and determinants of palatal fistula in children with different types of cleft at British Columbia's Children's Hospital between 1995 and 2012., Methods: A total of 558 medical charts of nonsyndromic patients with cleft lip and palate were eligible for the chart review. The occurrence of primary palatal fistula was assessed at any time throughout the patient's total observation period. Three types of clefts were recorded: unilateral cleft lip and palate (ULCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BLCLP), and isolated cleft palate (ICP). Cleft severity, time period of treatment, type of surgery and surgeon's experience were tested as determinants., Results: Of all 558 patients, 228 had ULCLP, 226 had ICP, and 104 had BLCLP. The combined postoperative palatal fistula rate was 28%. The significant differences in fistula rates related to type of cleft (patients with BLCLP had the highest fistula rates), time period (rates were higher in earlier years than in later years), type of surgery (highest rates were for two-flap palatoplasty), and surgeons with less experience., Conclusions: Almost one quarter of the patients, developed fistula, and fistula incidence declined after 2009. The higher fistula rates were determined by cleft severity, time period of treatment, type of surgery, and surgeon's experience.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions among children from representative regions of Brazil. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Biopsy records comprising the period from 2000 to 2015 were obtained from the archives of three Brazilian oral pathology referral centers. A total of 32,506 biopsy specimens were analyzed, and specimens from 1,706 children aged 0-12 years were selected. Gender, age, anatomical location and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated. Descriptive statistics was carried out. Likelihood ratio tests were used to evaluate the association between the categorical variables. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The post-hoc test was used to identify the subgroups that significantly differed from one another, and the Bonferroni correction was applied. A total of 1,706 oral and maxillofacial lesions were diagnosed in pediatric patients, including 51.9% girls. Oral mucocele was the most prevalent reactive/inflammatory lesion (64%). The most commonly affected sites were the lips (34.5%) and mandible (19.9%). A significant association was observed between age and the group of lesions of the oral cavity (p < 0.001), and between age and anatomical location (p < 0.001). Pediatric oral and maxillofacial lesions were frequent and showed wide diversity, with the prevalence of mucocele. Knowledge of oral lesions is important for pediatric dentists worldwide, since it provides accurate data for the diagnosis and oral health of children.

Background: The frequency and incidence of odontogenic cysts and tumors are controversial and depends in the geographic location. These lesions have great clinical and histopathological diversity, and reflect a need for epidemiological profile to be considered when these lesions are studied., Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic cysts and tumors over a period of 10 years and to compare with other data reported around the world., Materials and Methods: Data for the study were obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, diagnosed as the cases of Odontogenic cysts and tumors histopathologically, reported from January 2007 to March 2016. Case records of the patients that fit the histological classification of the World Health Organization (2005) were included in the study and the variables analyzed were: Age, sex, anatomical location, and histological type., Results: In a total of 1319 biopsies reported, 112 were odontogenic in nature. Of these 112 odontogenic lesions reported, Odontogenic Cysts accounted for 54.4% and odontogenic tumors of 45.53%. Of them 61.60% of the patients were males. Common age of occurrence was 21-50 years and mandibular posterior was the most common site of occurrence. Most common odontogenic cyst and tumor reported was dentigerous cyst and ameloblastoma respectively., Conclusion: This study provides epidemiological information on odontogenic cyst and tumors at an institutional level. The relative frequency of these cysts and tumors can be analyzed at a global level to understand their prevalence, incidence, biological behaviour, and distribution.

Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common dental infections and are constantly increasing worldwide. Distribution, occurrence of dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, odontogenic infections, antibiotic resistance, oral mucosal infections, and microbe-related oral cancer are important to understand the public impact and methods of controlling such disease. Distribution of human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus -related oral cancers in the US population is presented., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Dentigerous cysts are the most common developmental odontogenic cysts of the jaw, which usually occur in the second and third decade of life. It is most frequently associated with impacted mandibular third molar teeth and impacted canines. Bilateral/multiple dentigerous cysts are rare and typically associated with developmental syndromes. Non-syndromic dentigerous cyst occurring bilaterally or involving both arches at the same time is very rare. Here, we discuss the review of literature with a case of unusual occurrence of non-syndromic bi-maxillary dentigerous cysts in a child., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To assess possible associations between torus palatinus (TP), torus mandibularis (TM), occlusal force (OF), Klemetti's classes, mandibular cortical index (MCI), and sociodemographic variables in a selected sample of Jordanians. Previous studies have suggested that oral tori are benign anatomical variations probably related to several factors such as functional stress, gender predisposition, number of teeth present, and nutritional factors., Method and Materials: A total of 130 Jordanian adults were included. Shape, location, and appearance of tori were recorded from study casts. Size was measured using digital calipers. OF was recorded in Newtons. MCI and Klemetti's classification were assessed using panoramic radiographs. Data were statistically analyzed, and level of significance was set at P < .05., Results: The mean ± SD recorded OF was 524 ± 183 N in the tori group, compared to 417 ± 172 N in controls (P = .001). OF was significantly higher in males compared to females (P < .001), and was significantly higher in subjects with TM only (543 ± 201 N) (P < .001). TP and TM were predominantly more than 6 mm in size. The average OF in subjects with Klemetti class 3 was 418 ± 174 N, while OF in Klemetti class 1 subjects amounted to 535 ± 187 N (P = .043)., Conclusion: Average OF was significantly higher in tori subjects and in males (if compared to controls and female subjects, respectively). The presence of oral tori, Klemetti's classification, and MCI ratio seems to be positively correlated with OF.

Background: The etiology and the effects of the maxillary accessory ostium (MAO) are not well understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between septal deviation (SD) and the presence of an MAO., Methods: Paranasal computed tomography (CT) scans of 1104 adult patients were studied retrospectively. Patients with chronic sinusitis, acute sinusitis, nasal polyposis, allergic rhinitis, paranasal sinus tumors, septal perforation, and unilateral or bilateral maxillary sinus hypoplasia/aplasia, as well as patients who had previously had nasal surgery or a history of nasal trauma, were not included in the study. Eight-hundred and seven patients were found to meet the criteria and were included in the study. CT scans were examined to note the presence of SD and MAO and the side of both diseases., Results: A total of 807 patients were evaluated. SD and MAO were detected in 572 (70.9%) and 299 (37.1%) patients, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of SD and MAO, regardless of side of the disease (p = 0.002). The side of MAO showed a significant correlation with the direction of SD (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Our results revealed a link between SD and MAO. This relationship was correlated with the side of occurrence of the disease., (© 2015 ARS-AAOA, LLC.)

Background: Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws are a diagnostic challenge for the pathologist because histologically, they are not easily distinguishable. African data on the prevalence of these lesions are scarce. We present a 5-year report of benign fibro-osseous lesions at Mulago Hospital, Uganda, showing the frequency and distribution of these lesions., Materials and Methods: Confirmed fibro-osseous lesions reports at the pathology department (2007-2012) were retrieved. Patients' clinical data including age, gender, anatomic location, and diagnosis were recorded. Descriptive statistics and simple proportion tests were carried out., Results: We retrieved 155 confirmed benign fibro-osseous lesions over this period, 65% were females, 34% males, and the gender of one case was not specified. Fibrous dysplasia was the most prevalent lesion (n = 87, 56.1%) followed by ossifying fibroma (n = 50, 32.9%) and osseous dysplasia (n = 17, 10.9%). We neither found craniofacial nor polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma peaked in the second decade at 40.2% and 40.0%, respectively. Florid osseous dysplasia was commonest in the fifth decade., Conclusion: In this study, all the florid osseous dysplasia were seen among females. We need to carry out prospective studies to establish as to why and what kind of women get afflicted by this lesion., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Dentigerous cyst is the second most common type of odontogenic cysts that encloses the crown of an unerupted tooth by expansion of its follicle due to the collection of cystic fluid. In view of the capability of these lesions attaining a marked size if not diagnosed early and treated properly, the present study was done based on the clinical and radiographic presentation of the dentigerous cyst in addition to the analysis of the cystic contents., Objective: The present study reported 14 cases of dentigerous cysts (DC) with their incidence and relative distribution of the maxillofacial region along with the clinical and radiographic features and biochemical analysis of cystic fluid., Method: The study was conducted at Sri Govind Tricentenary Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana for a period of one year and six months. A detailed case history and thorough clinical examination was done for the patients who were provisionally found to have odontogenic cysts. Necessary radiographs, aspiration of the cystic fluid and incisional biopsy were performed to the 14 patients who were provisionally diagnosed with dentigerous cysts (DC) after obtaining the informed consent and the cystic fluid was subjected to biochemical analysis., Results: Majority of the affected patients with DC were in their second decade and showed more predilection for mandible with a male predominance. The area of predilection was third molar region in the mandible and it is the canine region in maxilla. All the cases were associated with impacted teeth and majority showed expansion of the buccal/labial cortical plate. The various biochemical variables (total protein content, albumin, globulin and albumin: globulin ratio) were also assessed in the present study., Conclusion: The awareness of protean features of DC evident through this study is essential for the general as well as specialty practitioners for the accurate diagnosis and proper treatment planning of these non cancerous but potentially destructive lesions and also opens new avenues for further research.

Background: Odontogenic sinusitis and "sinonasal complications of dental disease or dental treatment" (SCDDT) have been assumed to be limited to the maxillary sinus. Nevertheless, many patients also show more extensive sinonasal involvement and, occasionally, also have associated bilateral disease. We evaluated the incidence of extramaxillary extension over an 11-year period in our clinic., Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 315 surgically treated SCDDT patients. Sinonasal involvement was assessed with presurgical imaging and confirmed with intraoperative findings. Patients were subsequently categorized into 3 groups, based on the sinonasal extension., Results: In 40.3% of patients the sinonasal condition was limited to the maxillary sinus. Forty-one percent of patients had unilateral extramaxillary involvement, and in 18.7% of patients, we found bilateral involvement., Conclusion: Complete presurgery evaluation with endoscopy and a computed tomography (CT) scan in SCDDT patients is essential. SCDDT patients not responding to medical and dental treatment should be addressed with a planned approach targeting the extramaxillary extension, which may necessitate a combined oral and endonasal approach. It is unclear whether disease in the maxillary sinus contralateral to the primary maxillary sinus demonstrating odontogenic-induced disease is incidental, associated, or represents a subclinical odontogenic infection., (© 2014 ARS-AAOA, LLC.)

Objective: To investigate the incidence and prevalence of developmental odontogenic cysts in children and adolescents and compare the features of the two most common types, dentigerous cyst and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT)., Study Design: A retrospective review in a series of 369 patients with all histological diagnoses of developmental odontogenic cysts in children (≤12 years) and adolescents (13-18 years) was conducted., Results: Among these, 361 (97.8%) patients were diagnosed as dentigerous cyst (n = 281) and KCOT (n = 80), with the male-to-female ratios of dentigerous cyst and KCOT both being 2:1. The average age of the patients with KCOT was older than that of those with dentigerous cyst (14.7 years vs 11.8 years, p < 0.001). Dentigerous cyst (59.1%) was more common in children, but KCOT (78.8%) was more common in adolescents (p < 0.001). Dentigerous cyst (57.6%) predominantly located on the maxilla, but KCOT (60.3%) predominantly located on the mandible (p = 0.010)., Conclusions: Adolescent patients with lesions located on the mandible would favor KCOT over dentigerous cyst. This study aids in better knowledge of the prevalence of developmental odontogenic cysts in a large pediatric population, and shows that a well-supported early diagnosis is indispensable for a more adequate treatment.

Objectives: Oral bony outgrowths (OBOs) are localized bony protuberances that arise from the cortical plate. Various types of OBOs have been described, the precise designation of which depends on anatomic location such as torus palatinus, torus mandibularis, buccal exostosis, or palatal exostosis. We had for aim to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of OBOs in a Moroccan population., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 15 and June 30, 2011 at the Rabat-Salé teaching hospital dental consultation and treatment center, in Morocco. Three hundred and fifty-three patients (160 female and 193 male patients), 11 to 82 years of age, were examined clinically and radiologically to determine the presence of OBO., Results: Twenty-four patients (6.8%) presented with OBOs. The prevalence for exostosis, torus mandibularis, torus palatinus, and associated OBOs was 3.1%, 2%, 0.8%, and 0.9% respectively. There was a significant difference (P=0,01) between the average age for patients presenting with OBO (43.2±12 years of age) and the average age for patients without any OBO (36.5±16 years of age). The prevalence of OBOs in female patients (7.3%) was higher than in male patients (6.3%) but the difference was not significant (P=0.439). Patients with occlusal parafunctional activity presented with significantly more OBO (P=0.016)., Discussion: The reported prevalence of OBO is extremely variable, according to age, gender, and ethnic group. The occurrence of OBO could be triggered by genetic factors associated with environmental factors., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: We conducted a study designed to investigate the clinical factors correlated with the spread of an odontogenic infection to the deep spaces of the head and neck. We also analyzed the treatment modalities for this and their outcomes., Methods: The study retrospectively examined all patients admitted in 2009 and 2010 to the General Hospital of Attica "KAT" with maxillofacial infections of odontogenic origin. The patients' case records were reviewed according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and the relevant data were collected. The data were analyzed statistically., Results: The study involved 212 patients with a mean age of 40.8 y. Of these, 59.9% reported using oral antibiotics, usually (35.4%) without prescription. Moderate or poor oral hygiene was present in 78.3% of the study patients. The percentage of incompatible use of antibiotics due to non-compliance was 13.4%. Non-compliance indicates that these patients failed to follow the daily dosage or the dosing intervals of a prescribed antibiotic or they stopped an antibiotic due to an adverse reaction. Incision and drainage was required in 63.2% of the study patients, and 46.2% required extraction of the tooth responsible for their infection. A statistically significant association was documented between fever on admission and a prolonged hospital stay. No major complications were encountered among the study patients., Conclusions: Odontogenic infections remain a common cause of morbidity. Poor oral hygiene, self-medication, inadequate utilization of antibiotics, lack of treatment of the causative tooth, delayed presentation at the hospital, and bacterial resistance to empirically administered antibiotics appear to correlate with the spread of odontogenic infections. Incision and the evacuation of pus when indicated, intravenous antibiotic therapy, modification of the antibiotic regimen according to the results of sensitivity tests, and early treatment of the causative tooth constitute a successful management protocol for odontogenic infections.

Purpose: The aim of this cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study was to investigate the incidence of fenestration and associated risk factors with virtual placement of an implant in the maxillary incisor region., Materials and Methods: Edentulous ridges missing a maxillary central or lateral incisor and amenable for single implant placement were included. Root-form implants (4×12 mm and 3.5×12 mm for the central and lateral incisors, respectively) were placed virtually in the edentulous space following the axis of the ipsilateral crown. Buccolingually, the implants were placed in the ideal prosthetic cingulum position. The angles of the ridge (RA) and implants (IA) in relation to the hard palate and the incidence of fenestration were recorded., Results: A total of 48 CBCT scans were analyzed. The mean RA and IA were 124.32 degrees and 110.91 degrees, respectively. Nine cases resulted in fenestration, equivalent to 18.75% of the total cases. The discrepancy between the RA and IA was statistically significantly larger in the fenestration sites (19.93 degrees) than in the nonfenestration sites (13.05 degrees). The concavity depth of the alveolar ridge was statistically significantly higher in the fenestration sites (4.79 mm) than in the nonfenestration sites (3.40 mm)., Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the occurrence of fenestration is common (approximately 20%) if an implant is placed in the cingulum position with the axis following that of its restoration.

Purpose: To estimate the incidence of bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) associated with the use of oral BPs and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) not associated with current or previous medication with a BP or radiotherapy to the head and neck region (background ONJ) in Sweden., Materials and Methods: A survey was sent to all oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics and hospital dental clinics in Sweden. They were requested to report all new cases of BRONJ and background ONJ during 2007 and 2008., Results: The response rate was 61%. The oral BRONJ incidence for patients aged 45 years or older was 67 cases/100,000 patient-years of BP medication in 2007 (1 case/1,500 patient-years). In 2008, 69 cases/100,000 patient-years (1 case/1,445 patient-years) were reported. The mean age at the development of oral BRONJ was 76.5 ± 10.8 years (median age 79, range 49 to 96) for 2007 and 79.8 ± 7.6 years (median 79, range 67 to 94) for 2008. Women were primarily affected (22 of 26 in 2007 and 25 of 29 in 2008). The incidence of background ONJ was low: 0.14 and 0.09/100,000 person-years for those aged 45 years or older in 2007 and 2008, respectively (3 cases in 2007 and 2 in 2008)., Conclusions: The BRONJ incidence has been estimated to be more than 100-fold greater than the incidence of background ONJ. However, an average Swedish dental practice (1,234 patients) will only encounter 1 patient with new oral BRONJ every 62 nd year., (Copyright © 2014 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Fibro-osseous lesions, a diverse group of bone disorders including developmental, reactive or dysplastic diseases and neoplasms, share overlapping clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features and demonstrate a wide range of biological behaviour., Aim: To evaluate the characteristics, treatment and outcome of benign fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws in children., Patients and Method: All patients with fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws treated at the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the «A & P Kyriakou» Children's Hospital of Athens from 2000 to 2011 were included in this study. Data were retrieved from patients' files and their present situation was registered., Results: Sixteen males and 10 females (mean age 8.5 years) were treated. Fibrous dysplasia was most often encountered (26.9%), and the mandible was the most frequent location (76.9%). All cases were surgically treated and histopathologically confirmed. Marginal ostectomy was performed in 7 cases, partial ostectomy in 4, enucleation and curettage in 10 and trimming-remodelling in 5 cases. Mean follow-up was of 5.5 years with no recurrence, except in one case of fibrous dysplasia., Conclusions: Fibro-osseous lesions, although sharing similar microscopic features, exhibit a variety of clinical behaviour rendering their treatment highly individualized., (Copyright © 2012 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The deleterious effects of chewing betel quid (BQ) with or without tobacco on periodontal health are poorly addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity and extent of periodontal disease among individuals chewing BQ with and without tobacco., Methods: One hundred twenty individuals (70 BQ chewers: 35 with tobacco and 35 without tobacco) and 50 control individuals (non-chewers) were included in this study. Sociodemographic data and information regarding BQ chewing habit were collected using a questionnaire. Plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were measured. Numbers of missing teeth were recorded and marginal bone loss was measured on panoramic radiographs. Statistical analyses were performed using 1-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test., Results: The socioeconomic status of subjects in the control group was significantly higher as compared with those chewing BQ either with or without tobacco. Plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were greater in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco than in those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. Subjects chewing BQ with tobacco had fewer teeth than those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. Marginal bone loss was higher in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco than in those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls., Conclusions: The severity of periodontal disease is enhanced in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco as compared with those chewing BQ without tobacco. Subjects with a low socioeconomic status and poor education are significantly more likely than others to develop periodontal disease.

Background: Dentigerous cyst (DC) is one of the most common developmental odontogenic cysts. This hospital-based retrospective study evaluated the clinical and histopathological features of 338 DCs in Taiwanese patients., Methods: In this study, 338 consecutive cases of DCs were collected from January 1995 to December 2009. The demographic data and clinicopathological features of these DC cases were reviewed and analyzed., Results: The 338 DCs were taken from 332 patients (212 men and 120 women, mean age 33.0 years, range 5-83 years). There was a significant difference in the mean age between male and female patients (P < 0.05). Of the 338 DCs, 122 were found in the maxilla and 216 in the mandible. The most common site for DCs was the mandibular molar region (169 cases) and the most frequently involved tooth was the mandibular third molar (153 cases). Forty-six of the 338 DCs were found to be associated with supernumerary teeth. Microscopically, 317 cysts were lined by stratified squamous epithelium, 9 by mucoepidermoid-typed epithelium, and 12 by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Hyaline bodies of Rushton, odontogenic epithelial rests, cholesterol clefts, foamy histiocytes, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and dystrophic calcifications were discovered in 11, 78, 90, 33, 62 and 45 DCs, respectively., Conclusion: Our results indicate that DCs of Taiwanese patients have a male predominance and occur more frequently in patients between 10 and 29 years of age. The most commonly affected site for DCs is the mandibular molar region and the most frequently involved tooth is the mandibular third molar., (© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the clinicopathologic and radiologic features of 143 benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOLs)., Study Design: Clinical and radiologic information were retrieved from the patients files, and histologic features were reviewed from hematoxylin and eosin-stained histologic slides., Results: There were 22 ossifying fibromas (OFs), 21 fibrous dysplasias (FDs) and 100 osseous dysplasias (ODs; 65 florid, 18 focal, and 17 periapical). The mean age of the FD/OF patients was a decade lower than those with OD. The mandible was more affected than the maxilla, except in FDs. All FDs and OFs presented local swelling, whereas this was observed in <40% of the ODs. Radiologic images of the florid/periapical ODs and OFs were predominantly mixed, whereas FDs and focal ODs were predominantly radiopaque., Conclusions: Florid OD, OF, and FD were the most common diagnoses, and the clinicopathologic and radiologic features were somewhat distinct from the characteristics of other populations., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Investigate the epidemiological profile for odontogenic and non-odontogenic intra-osseous lesions in the Queensland population (4.56 million) over 12 months., Study Design: The following data were prospectively collected from all Queensland histopathology laboratories in 2011: gender, age at diagnosis, location of lesion, histopathological diagnosis of the lesion and the patient's postcode., Results: Six-hundred and thirty-three lesions were collected, comprising 540 odontogenic cysts and 93 odontogenic tumors. Radicular cyst was the most frequently diagnosed lesion (247/540, 45.7%). The overall incidence of odontogenic tumors was 20.4/million. Keratocystic odontogenic tumor was the highest (15.1/million), followed by ameloblastoma (2.41/million) with odontoma and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor having the same incidence (1.1/million). The 39 non-odontogenic intra-osseous lesions had an overall incidence of 8.55/million. Nasopalatine cysts had an incidence of 2.19/million, followed by fibrous dysplasia and central giant cell granuloma (1.97/million)., Conclusions: Odontogenic tumors are 5 times less common than cysts. Non-odontogenic lesions are rare, with benign lesions 6.8 times more common than malignant lesions., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Odontogenic tumours are often benign. They are originating from dento-maxillary structures and their embryonic remnants. They represent a wide variety of lesions derived from epithelial cells, mesenchymal, or both. The series reported in literature show a distinct geographic variation. However, there has been no concrete study and detailed epidemiological profile of these tumours in the Algerian population., Materials and Methods: Our prospective study based on the classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005, focused on the epidemiological analysis of 97 cases of odontogenic tumours, collected in the department of maxillofacial surgery of the University Hospital of Constantine. This study was designed to determine the relative frequency of such tumours, their distribution by age and sex, and their histological distribution., Result: In our series, women were most affected by the disease (64% of cases) than men (36% of cases). The population was predominantly young with an average age of 29.9 years (range from 12 to 85). The mandible was the site of choice in 74% of cases. Epithelial tumours were diagnosed in 77% of cases; almost half of these cases were ameloblastomas (44% of cases)., Discussion: The distribution of odontogenic tumours is different depending on the population studied. The incidence of ameloblastoma is increased in African and Asian population with a female predominance. On the other hand, the odontoma is the most recognized odontogenic tumour in North America and Europe, and more particularly in men., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

A description of 60 cases of extreme osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis of the jaws is presented. The patients attended the dental clinics of the medical charity organisation Mercy Ships, over a 2.5-year period when the hospital ship the 'Africa Mercy' was docked in the West African countries of Liberia, Benin and Togo. Possible reasons for the development of these clinical conditions are discussed including aetiologies, genetics (coagulopathies, osteopetrosis), Gorham's disease, infective conditions (tuberculosis, herpes zoster, HIV infection, osteomyelitis), toxicity (bisphosphonates, spider bites), and environmental effects (phossy jaw, radium jaw). The possible causes of these cases of osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis of the jaw are under investigation., (Copyright © 2012 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic cysts and to identify their clinico-pathological features among patients by studying biopsy specimens obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India, during the past 10 years. Data for the study were retrieved from the case records of patients fitting the histological classification of the World Health Organization (1992). Analyzed clinical variables included age, gender, anatomical location, and histological diagnosis. Of the 2275 biopsy reports analyzed, 194 cases (8.5%) were jaw cysts, including odontogenic (6.7%) and nonodontogenic cysts (0.25%). Odontogenic cysts included 69.3% radicular, 20.3% dentigerous, 5.2% keratinizing odontogenic, 3.3% residual, and 1.9% other cysts, such as lateral periodontal, botryoid odontogenic, and gingival cysts. The most frequent clinical manifestation was swelling, followed by a combination of pain and swelling. Age, gender, and location were related to the etiopathologic characteristics of the cyst type. A definitive diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical, radiological, and histological findings, which makes a good interdepartmental relationship between the clinicians and pathologists essential. Knowledge of the biological and histological behavior of the odontogenic cysts is required for their early detection and treatment.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of 5088 odontogenic and nonodontogenic cysts over a 40-year period in the Turkish population and to compare results with findings in the literature., Methods: The records of odontogenic and nonodontogenic cysts, occurring during 1971 to 2010, were collected and analyzed for anatomic site, age range, and sex distribution., Results: Among 5088 odontogenic and nonodontogenic cyst biopsies, 5003 cases (98.3%) were classified as odontogenic, whereas only 85 cases (1.7%) were nonodontogenic. In the former group, the most frequent diagnosis was radicular cyst (52.09%), followed by odontogenic keratocyst (20.6%) and dentigerous cyst (10.39%). Maxilla to mandible ratio was 1.13:1. The mean age of patients was 36.33 years (range, 2-87 years). The cysts were slightly more prevalent among male patients (57.70%)., Conclusions: The knowledge of the biological behavior and clinicopathologic features of jaw cysts constitute key aspects to provide early diagnosis and adequate surgery., (Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objective: To quantify the impact of edentulousness on residual ridge volume, denture stomatitis (DS), as well as oral health behaviours among geriatric denture-wearers., Background: Residual ridge resorption (RRR) is the primary intraoral complication of complete edentulism, but individual variation among geriatric patients has been observed., Materials and Methods: Data collection relied upon a 10-year retrospective chart review of all complete denture-wearing geriatric patients presenting at the Removable Prosthodontics Clinic, Dental School of Athens, between 1993 and 2002. Analyses relied on descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate methods based on ordinal logistic regression., Results: A total of 873 records of geriatric patients (age mean = 72; median = 70; range = 65-95) comprised our analytical sample. Subjects' mean (SD) time since edentulation was 7.7 (10.2) years. Eleven percent were diagnosed with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). While 28% of patients reported cleaning their dentures at least daily, 6% presented with denture stomatitis (DS). Each added year of edentulism increased the odds of mandibular RRR: OR (95% CI) = 1.05 (1.03, 1.07). Nightly denture wear was the strongest risk factor for DS. Finally, independent of age and sex, each year of being edentulous increased the odds of presenting with TMD: OR (95% CI) = 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)., Conclusion: Time since edentulation was strongly associated with mandibular but not maxillary RRR, as well as TMD development., (© 2010 The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

Purpose: The World Health Organization (WHO) has reclassified 'odontogenic keratocyst' (OKC) to 'keratocystic odontogenic tumour' (KCOT) in 2005. Currently, this tumour is classified as a benign neoplasm of odontogenic origin and not as a cyst. This article reviews and discusses history, classification scheme, aetiology and pathogenesis, molecular and genetic basis, incidence, epidemiology and site, clinical features, imaging, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, treatment options, prognosis, recurrence and malignant transformation of KCOT, with emphasis on understanding the basis of reclassification as 'keratocystic odontogenic tumour'., Methods: A systematic search and review of the literature was carried out in the online database of the United States National Library of Medicine to identify eligible titles for the study., Results: Current evidence suggests that the scientific community still continues to use the term 'odontogenic keratocyst' more favourably than 'keratocystic odontogenic tumour'., Conclusion: The online database search indicates that the scientific community still continues to use the term 'odontogenic keratocyst' more favourably than 'keratocystic odontogenic tumour'. At this juncture, where the terminology has changed from a cyst to a tumour, a thorough review of literature on KCOT is presented.

Introduction: Long-term results of Le Fort I osteotomy with vertical impaction for maxillary vertical excess may be not stable. We had for aim to analyze postoperative maxillary and dental displacement after a Le Fort I vertical impaction osteotomy, to identify causes of relapse., Patients and Methods: A clinical and radiological evaluation was made on postoperative occlusion (early and late). The position of three bone (O: lower orbit; P: greatest palatine convexity; T: lowest part of the mandibular foramen) and of three dental landmarks (I: occlusal edge of the upper incisor; i: occlusal edge of the lower incisor; m: first molar distal vestibular cuspid) was measured in a standardized method on pre-surgical, early and late (1 to 2.5 years) postoperative cephalometric X rays. Eighteen patients were operated by the same surgeon for maxillary anterior vertical excess and underwent Le Fort I impaction osteotomy, alone or associated with a mandibular osteotomy. Stability was defined by a postoperatory displacement smaller than 1mm., Results: All patients had stable bone landmarks. Three patients had unstable dental landmarks due to relapse., Discussion: Impaction maxillary osteotomy provides stable bone results for maxillary facial height excess. Unsatisfactory outcome is always due to postoperative dental and alveolar displacement. These results correlate to published data., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: Maxillary sinus septa may complicate sinus elevation procedures, especially when they are not diagnosed prior to surgery. The authors had for aim to review published data, to analyze the etiology, the prevalence, the localization, and the size of maxillary sinus septa, and to determine what were the best preoperative radiological examinations., Patients and Methods: The Medline search was made with keywords such as "maxillary sinus anatomy, maxillary sinus augmentation, maxillary sinus septa, sinus graft/complications, dental implants". The search was limited to studies published in English from 1980 to January 2009., Results: Twenty-two articles were analyzed. The prevalence of maxillary sinus septa ranged between 14.3% and 33.3%. There was no specific geographic distribution within the sinuses. The mean heights of septa ranged between 2.8 and 8.1 mm., Discussion: It is recommended to systematically use preoperative CT or CBCT scan imaging because of the prevalence, the variable anatomy, and the bad contribution of conventional X-rays., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To report on the clinicopathological aspects of odontogenic keratocysts (OKC)/keratocystic odontogenic tumours (KCOT) presenting in a New Zealand population., Methods: Information on defined areas--including age at presentation, gender, anatomical sub-location, presenting features, histological subtype and the recurrence pattern--were extracted from the histopathological data available in the Oral Pathology database of the University of Otago School of Dentistry., Results: Two hundred and twenty three cases of OKC/ KCOT were identified over the period ranging from 1987 to 2008. Mean age at presentation was 37.0 years (males 38.6 years, females 34.4 years), with 61.0% of cases being male. The mandible was the dominant jaw affected, with 65.9% of lesions, with the angle of mandible being the commonest anatomical sub-location (with 32.4% of lesions). One-fifth of the cases were asymptomatic incidental findings, while the majority of problems were related to the third molar tooth and/or pain and swelling. The overall recurrence rate was 18.3%, with the majority (62.2%) in the mandible and more males (67.5%) affected. Recurrence was highest in the first 5 years of follow-up, and decreased sharply thereafter., Conclusion: This study is the first to describe the frequency, distribution, presentation and recurrence rates of OKC/KCOT in New Zealand and shows that these are similar to those reported from other populations.

Aim: This paper offers a survey of nasolabial cysts diagnosed at the Pathology Laboratory of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (Brazil) over a period of 18.5 years, and a case report., Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on biopsies performed at the Pathology Laboratory of the UFVJM School of Dentistry between January 1992 and July 2010., Results: Among a total of 2730 histopathological exams of biopsies performed at the UFVJM Pathology Laboratory, 288 (10.54%) were different types of cysts, The prevalence of NLC was 0.29% (8 cases) in relation to the overall sample and 2.43% among all cysts. NLC only occurred in the female gender in the age group spanning from 25 to 62 years (mean: 40.00 years; standard deviation (SD): 13.48 years). The duration of evolution ranged from six to 18 months (mean: 12 months; SD: 3.79 months). The cysts were asymptomatic in 62.5% of cases. Cyst size ranged from 10 to 30 mm (mean: 16.86; SD: 8.00 mm). In six cases (75%), the radiographic exams were consistent with the final diagnosis, whereas there were no records of radiographic images in two cases (25%). Surgical excision was the treatment of choice for all cases., Conclusion: The characteristics of NLC, such as location, elevation of the nasal wing, disappearance of the nasolabial sulcus, nasal obstruction, floatation of the cyst and the presence of cystic liquid in the interior, are enough to suggest the diagnosis of this cyst. However, the confirmation of the diagnosis is performed through biopsy and histopathological analysis.

Purpose: A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted by the Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons to assess the occurrence of bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) during 2006 to 2008 and to elucidate the outcome and factors associated with remission of BRONJ., Materials and Methods: A written questionnaire, including the clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of patients with BRONJ, was sent to 248 institutions certified as training facilities by the Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in 2008., Results: A total of 568 patients with BRONJ, including suspicious cases, were registered. Of these 568 patients, 263, including the maxilla in 81, the mandible in 160, and both in 22, met the working definition of BRONJ proposed by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. The patients included 219 women (83.3%) and 44 men (16.7%). Of these patients, 152 (57.8%) had received intravenous BPs, 104 (39.5%) had received oral BPs, and 7 (2.7%) had received both. The mean duration of administration until onset of BRONJ was 23.6 months for intravenous BPs and 33.2 months for oral BPs. BRONJ was stage 1 in 42 patients (16.0%), stage 2 in 187 (71.1%), stage 3 in 32 (12.2%), and unknown in 2. Of these patients, 34.2% had remission of BRONJ, 46.0% had persistent or progressive disease, and 19.7% died of malignancy or were lost to follow-up. Statistical analysis revealed that surgical treatment, including tooth extraction, sequestrectomy, and segmental mandibulectomy, contributed to the remission of BRONJ. In contrast, conservative treatment, concurrent anticancer drugs, poor oral hygiene, and the use of intravenous BPs did not., Conclusions: The relative ratio of BRONJ related to the use of oral BPs was greater in Japan than in the United States and European Union. Surgical treatment contributed to remission of BRONJ, and conservative treatment, concurrent anticancer drugs, poor oral hygiene, and intravenous BPs did not., (Copyright © 2011 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out, in a group of 160 leprosy patients treated with multi drug therapy. The patients with age group of 25 to 60 year were considered. Out of 160 patients 50 patients were selected by simple random sampling technique for radiological assessments. Intra-oral periapical radiographs (6 for each patient) were taken. The paralleling long cone technique was used and radiographs were attached with grids so as to enable measuring the bone height. The grid was spaced in 1 mm marking and placed directly over the film. Clinical examination revealed that Prevalence of dental caries was 76.25% and periodontal disease was 78.75%. Mean DMFT score was 2.26. Mean OHI-S score was 3.50. Score for Gingival index was 1.60 and average loss of gingival attachment was 1.2 mm. Radiographic findings showed mean alveolar bone loss in maxillary anterior region to be 5.05 mm and in maxillary posterior region it was 4.92 mm. Alveolar bone loss in mandibular anterior region was 4.35 mm and in mandibular posterior region was 5.14 mm. Overall Dental Health Status of the leprosy patients was poor and needed more attention for dental care. There was also an increase in the alveolar bone loss, which was generalized. This bone loss could be due to advance stage of the disease or late approach to rehabilitation center, these patients also had peripheral neuropathy leading to hand and feet deformity in the form of claw hand or ulcer on hand, making maintenance of oral hygiene difficult.

Odontogenic cysts constitute a major part of oral pathological lesions, but little is known about their distribution patterns in various populations. In this retrospective study, patient records from the archive of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at the Faculty of Dentistry affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences were reviewed. Cases diagnosed as odontogenic cyst from 1987 to 2007 were selected and histopathologically re-evaluated to confirm the diagnosis. Patients' demographic information (age and sex) and location of the lesion were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. From a total of 8529 files reviewed, the diagnosis of odontogenic cyst was confirmed in 1227 cases (14.4%). The overall male to female ratio was 1.33:1. The patients' age ranged from 3 to 84 years with a mean of 28 years. 49% of cysts were found in maxilla and 50.4% in mandible. Radicular cyst was the most common type followed by dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, residual cyst and paradental cyst. Lateral periodontal cyst, eruption cyst, glandular odontogenic cyst and gingival cyst of adults were also reported. The distribution pattern of odontogenic cysts in Iran is relatively similar to that in other parts of the world. The importance of complete clinical reports for final diagnosis of these lesions and routine follow-up examinations is emphasized.

Objective: To establish the prevalence of palatal tori (TP) and mandibular tori (TM) in a Romanian denture-wearing population in order to see how or if tori influenced the denture design or the treatment planning., Background Data:   There are no available data regarding tori in an elderly Romanian population and its implication for treatment planning. It could be considered a local factor influencing the quality of prosthetic treatment., Material and Method: Tori prevalence was investigated in 251 patients, with an average age of 62years. A statistical analysis was made, using odds ratio (OR) for the distribution related to gender and the Chi-squared test for the differences in prevalence related to age groups. Treatment planning difficulties because of presence of tori were recorded., Results: Frequency of TP was significantly higher in both genders (OR=2.0661 and p=0.0446) and non-significant frequency for distribution between genders for TM (OR=0.9421 and p=0.8273). The differences in age groups showed both tori types have a variable prevalence related to age. The most frequent location for TP was found in the posterior one-third and two-thirds of the palate and for TM in the canine and first premolar area presenting with different sizes., Conclusions: Tori prevalence in our study group is high and is significantly related to age (p<0.05) having a peak at over 60 years. The preferential site of TP in the posterior palatal area and this location has an impact on decision making in treatment planning for the upper denture., (© 2011 The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

This 18-year retrospective multi-center study analyzed data from patients diagnosed and treated for peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) and central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws from 1991-2009. Data included age, gender, the jaw involved, the area of the lesion, the type of surgical treatment, and recurrence. Thorough curettage or partial resection was used to treat CGCG (96.39% success rate) and PGCG (98.71% success rate) in this group of patients documented during the follow-up period (1-18 years).

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of torus palatinus (TP) among Japanese elderly and to identify the factors associated with the formation of TP. The subjects were adults aged over 60, who lived independently in the community and attended lectures once a week at the Senior Citizens' College in Osaka prefecture during 2007 and 2008. A total of 664 subjects, including 294 men and 370 women, were examined, and the mean age was 66·5±4·2 (s.d.). After informed consent was obtained, participants responded to a questionnaire and underwent clinical examination consisting of dental status, temporomandibular symptoms and occlusal force. There were 113 (17·0%) subjects with TP. The prevalence of TP was more frequent in women than in men (24·6% versus 7·5%, P<0·01). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the presence of TP and the presence of Torus mandibularis (13·3% versus 25·9%). There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of TP and other factors; diurnal and nocturnal bruxism, occlusal force, occlusal support and temporomandibular diseases symptom. Logistic regression analysis, in which adjustment was made for age and occlusal force, revealed a significant relationship between the presence of TP and gender and the presence of torus mandibularis (TM) (P<0·001 OR=3·43, 95%CI=2·00-5·86; P<0·001, OR=2·63, 95%CI=1·64-4·24, respectively). This study suggests that genetic factors play a more significant role than factors related oromaxillofacial function in the aetiology of TP., (© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)

Aim: To determine the range and demographic and clinical features of radiolucent inflammatory jaw lesions., Methodology: Histopathology reports were reviewed to identify radiolucent jaw lesions. There were no clinical exclusive criteria, and the samples represented a wide range of clinical presentation and treatment history from multiple providers. Data were analysed using SPSS. To evaluate concordance of clinical and histological diagnoses, the clinician's provisional diagnosis was compared with the final histopathological diagnosis., Results: A total of 17 038 specimens were reviewed; of these, 4983 (29.2%) were radiolucent jaw lesions, of which inflammatory lesions accounted for 72.8% (n = 3626). Periapical granulomas (59.7%) were the largest group followed by radicular cysts (29.2%). The mean age was 44 years (range 2-100 years), men and women were equally represented and the anterior maxilla was the most common site for the biopsied lesions. A provisional diagnosis was correct for only 48.3% of periapical granulomas and 36% of radicular cysts., Conclusions: This study included all presentations of periapical radiolucent lesions and showed that the incidence of cystic change in periapical lesions of endodontic origin is high at approximately 30% of all inflammatory lesions. Notwithstanding the relative frequencies, demographics and location of radiolucent inflammatory lesions presenting in the New Zealand population are comparable to that of other populations. No inflammatory radiolucent lesion can be reliably accurately diagnosed from clinical presentation and/or radiographic appearance alone., (© 2010 International Endodontic Journal.)

The aim of this research is to analyze the prevalence of dentigerous cysts (DCs) in a population-based cohort in British Columbia, Canada, and to report unusual cases associated with DC. The database of the British Columbia Oral Biopsy Service was searched from 1998 to 2007. 2082 histologically confirmed DCs from 2029 patients were retrieved and retrospectively analyzed for incidence, age, gender and ethnicity. The results show that this is a common jaw cyst with male predilection, has a peak incidence in younger adults and is more common in Caucasians. Multiple DCs, representing 2.5% of the cases, are not associated with any syndromes or systemic conditions. 0.5% DCs were associated with other cysts or tumours at the same site or the opposite side of the jaw. The authors report the first series of cases presenting clinically as bilateral DCs, but histologically as an odontogenic tumour or another type of odontogenic cyst. DCs can co-exist with other more serious conditions, such as odontogenic keratocyst or cystic ameloblastoma. This association with more significant conditions indicates the importance of histologically confirming any jaw cyst, even when it presents clinically as a classic DC., (Copyright © 2010 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The gingiva reacts to chronic irritation or trauma with localized reactive hyperplastic lesions (LRHL) that can be classified into four groups: focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH), pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG). This study determined the frequency of LRHL in an oral pathology biopsy service and compared these data with reports from other countries., Methods: The material included the biopsies of all consecutive LRHL of the gingiva stored in the departmental database (1989-2008). Lesions were analyzed according to their location and to the patients' age and gender. The findings were compared with those published in studies from other countries., Results: There were 1675 LRHL that comprised 6.7% of the 25,106 accessed biopsies. FFH was the most common (31.8%), followed by PG (29.1%), POF (20.4%), and PGCG (18.7%). POF tended to affect younger patients than did FFH, PG, and PGCG. FFH, PG, and POF were more common in women, while PGCG showed no gender predilection. PG and POF were more common in the maxilla, PGCG more common in the mandible and FFH was distributed equally between the jaws. The anterior region of the maxilla was the most prevalent site for FFH, PG, and POF., Conclusion: The results of this study differ somewhat from those of other countries. There is a need for further investigation to answer the question whether the differences can be attributed to geographic or ethnic factors and/or to small sample sizes of the reported studies., (© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

Objective: To determine the distribution of odontogenic cysts diagnosed histologically over a period of 38 years in a Brazilian population according to age, gender and site affected and to compare these data with previously reported studies from other countries., Study Design: A total of 1019 cases of odontogenic cysts diagnosed between 1970 and 2007 were studied. Clinical features obtained from the patient records and microscope slides were reviewed according to the 1992 World Health Organization classification., Results: The mean age was 31.0 years, and there was a predominance of females. The most frequent odontogenic cysts were radicular cysts (61.4%), followed by dentigerous cysts (20.1%) and odontogenic keratocysts (6.4%). Radicular cysts were more frequent in females (62.0%), and the maxillary teeth were the site most commonly involved (63.05%). The peak incidence of dentigerous cysts occurred in the second decade of life, with the posterior region of the mandible being the site most affected (46.3%), followed by the anterior region of the maxilla (27.8%). Odontogenic keratocysts showed a peak incidence between the third and fourth decades of life and predominance among females. The posterior region of the mandible was the site most frequently affected (65.6%)., Conclusion: The present results showed a similar frequency of odontogenic cysts in this Brazilian population and other populations around the world, with inflammatory cysts being identified as the most frequent odontogenic cyst. Radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, and odontogenic keratocysts are the most common cystic lesions, accounting for 87.9% of all odontogenic cysts.

Objectives were to measure labial alveolar resorption using Lamendin's method; to correlate the measured values of resorption with age at death; to determine whether age influences alveolar resorption, and if so, to quantify this impact. The study was performed during the 1992-1995 period in identified war casualties in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data on the date, month and year of birth, and on the month and year of death were known in all cases. Measurements were carried out in 845 anterior monoradicular maxillary and mandibular teeth from male bodies (n=198) aged 23-69, divided into five age groups of 23-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 years. Teeth with macroscopic pathologic lesions were excluded from analysis. Lamendin's method was used to measure the alveolar bone level on the labial aspect of the extracted teeth. Results are presented in tables. Regression analysis was used to determine the alveolar resorption increase with age. Results are also presented by the factor of alveolar resorption, where the youngest age group was divided by older age groups. In the total sample of 845 teeth, alveolar bone level of up to 3.49 mm was recorded in 740 (87.76%), of 3.50-5.99 mm in 99 (11.79%), and of > 6.00 mm in 6 (0.71%) teeth. In anterior monoradicular teeth, labial alveolar resorption increased with age and showed a regular age dependent pattern toward older age groups in mandibular but not in maxillary teeth. A > 6-mm pocket was very rarely recorded. Study results contribute to clinical practice, demonstrating that periodontology is a preventive discipline in dental medicine.

The goal of the research was to study the complications caused by removable dentures. For these reason 890 patients were investigated. It was found that the pathologic changes in oral cavity are the results of: poor quality of denture, unfavorable condition before and after prosthesis. The factors responsible in the development of complications after orthopedic treatment were identified: living conditions, quality and toxicity of dentures materials. The received results give an ability to determine the common disturbance in the maxillo-facial system and use adequate methods and remedies to avoid complications caused by removable orthopedic construction.

Introduction: Fibrous dysplasia or Jaffe Lischtenstein's disease is sporadic and rare bone affection, mainly observed in young adults. It is characterized by a bone maturation disorder that can affect one or several bones. Fibrous dysplasia is relatively rare in the craniofacial region, (only 20% of all locations). The authors analyzed the epidemiological, anatomoclinical and evolutive features of fibrous dysplasia in a Tunisian population., Material and Method: The authors retrospectively studied 18 cases of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia, diagnosed at the pathology department of the Sousse F. Hached hospital, beween1990 and 2005., Results: Most craniofacial dysplasia cases were monostotic (94% of cases). One case was polyostotic. The maxilla and the mandible were the most frequent locations (83.3%). The patients' mean age was 28.6 years, ranging from 6 to 30 years. The sex ratio was 3.5 in favor of women. Follow-up ranged from one month to 10 years with an average of 26.4 months. One case of sarcomatous transformation was observed., Discussion: The authors noted epidemiological discrepancies compared to what was usually reported, especially concerning the strong female predominance, the frequency of maxillary and mandibular locations and the predominance of monostotic presentations. Larger series are needed to validate these observations.

To determine the relative frequency of odontogenic tumors (OTs) in a Chinese population, files from the department of oral pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, were systematically reviewed for all OTs during the period 1985-2006. Diagnosis of each case was confirmed according to the WHO histological classification for OTs published in 2005. The relevant clinicopathological data of these OTs were analyzed and compared with those of previous series. The present series represents approximately 3.92% of all pathologic specimens accessioned in our department over the same period of time. Of the 1309 OTs, 94.04% were benign and 5.06% were malignant. The most frequent benign tumor was keratocystic odontogenic tumor (38.73%), followed by ameloblastoma (36.52%) and odontomas (6.11%). The prevalence of the remaining tumors appears to be rare. In conclusion, odontogenic tumors are in general uncommon lesions in this Chinese population. The present study identifies some similarities between our data and the previous studies from Africa and Asia and some differences in comparison to the reports from American and European countries.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of 680 odontogenic cysts diagnosed in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, and to compare results with findings in the literature. Data of odontogenic cysts diagnosed from 1985 to 2005 were collected from the files of the Oral Pathology Laboratory of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, and entered in a standardized form for later comparisons. The most prevalent odontogenic cysts were radicular (72.50%), dentigerous (22.20%) and residual (4.26%) cysts. The mandible of white patients was the anatomic site and ethnic group most frequently affected by this disease. Four of the six types of cysts were more frequent in the second and fourth decades of life, and no significant differences were found between sexes in the diagnosis of odontogenic cysts. In conclusion, the prevalence of odontogenic cysts was similar to that reported in the literature, which shows that inflammatory cysts are the most frequent.

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of odontogenic cysts (OCs) in Sicily and evaluate their distribution during a 20-year period. A cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out in 1,310 cysts of the jaw diagnosed in 12,197 individuals, who consecutively attended the Odontostomatologic Clinic of Palermo from 1986 to 2005. 1,273 cysts were classified as odontogenic, whereas only 37 were non-odontogenic. In the former group, the most frequent lesions were radicular cysts (84.5%), followed by dentigerous OCs (11.4%). Inflammatory radicular cysts were observed more in male gender, younger age at diagnosis and anterior maxilla as site of presentation. Unlike dentigerous cysts, the frequency of radicular cysts decreased from 10.4% in 1986-1995 to about 8% in 1996-2005 (P < 0.0001). Inflammatory radicular cysts are the most represented group among OCs in our area with a higher prevalence than that reported in other countries. The decreasing epidemiologic trend with time could be attributed to the possible changes in individual oral health behavior.