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2,071 results on '"Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig]"'

1. Impact of claudin‐10 deficiency on amelogenesis: Lesson from a HELIX tooth

Author: Nicolas Obtel, Adeline Le Cabec, Thè Nghia Nguyen, Eloise Giabicani, Stijn J. M. Van Malderen, Jan Garrevoet, Aline Percot, Céline Paris, Christopher Dean, Smail Hadj‐Rabia, Pascal Houillier, Tilman Breiderhoff, Claire Bardet, Thibaud Coradin, Fernando Ramirez Rozzi, Catherine Chaussain, Bouchet, Jérôme, Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales (URP 2496), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service d'Odontologie [Bretonneau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bretonneau, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), De la Molécule aux Nanos-objets : Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University College of London [London] (UCL), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), AP-HP Services de médecine bucco-dentaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires Bretonneau (CRMR phosphore et calcium, filière OSCAR et ERN Bond) and Charles Foix, FHU DDS-net, Ile de France, France, Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, CNRS ERL 8228, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte [CHU-Necker] (MARHEA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Grant/Award Number: T-JUST program (ANR-17CE14-0032-02), Université de Bordeaux: IdEx 'Investments for the Future' Program / GPR 'Human Past', Max Planck Society, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], General Neuroscience, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, enamel, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Xerostomia, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Tight Junctions, Electrolytes, History and Philosophy of Science, Amelogenesis, Strontium, apatite, renal dysfunction, Claudins, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Claudin-3, Humans, Female, ddc:500, Claudin-4, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1516(1), 197-211 (2022). doi:10.1111/nyas.14865, In epithelia, claudin proteins are important components of the tight junctions as they determine the permeability and specificity to ions of the paracellular pathway. Mutations in CLDN10 cause the rare autosomal recessive HELIX syndrome (Hypohidrosis, Electrolyte imbalance, Lacrimal gland dysfunction, Ichthyosis, and Xerostomia), in which patients display severe enamel wear. Here, we assess whether this enamel wear is caused by an innate fragility directly related to claudin-10 deficiency in addition to xerostomia. A third molar collected from a female HELIX patient was analyzed by a combination of microanatomical and physicochemical approaches (i.e., electron microscopy, elemental mapping, Raman microspectroscopy, and synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence). The enamel morphology, formation time, organization, and microstructure appeared to be within the natural variability. However, we identified accentuated strontium variations within the HELIX enamel, with alternating enrichments and depletions following the direction of the periodical striae of Retzius. These markings were also present in dentin. These data suggest that the enamel wear associated with HELIX may not be related to a disruption of enamel microstructure but rather to xerostomia. However, the occurrence of events of strontium variations within dental tissues might indicate repeated episodes of worsening of the renal dysfunction that may require further investigations., Published by New York Acad. of Sciences, New York, NY
Published: 2022

2. The new 14 C chronology for the Palaeolithic site of La Ferrassie, France: the disappearance of Neanderthals and the arrival of Homo sapiens in France

Author: Vera Aldeias, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Raquel Maria, Laurent Chiotti, Teresa E. Steele, Shannon P. McPherron, Alain Turq, Sahra Talamo, Guillaume Guérin, Dennis Sandgathe, Paul Goldberg, Stéphane Madelaine, Harold L. Dibble, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), FID GEO, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Talamo S., Aldeias V., Goldberg P., Chiotti L., Dibble H.L., Guerin G., Hublin J.-J., Madelaine S., Maria R., Sandgathe D., Steele T.E., Turq A., Mcpherron S.J.P., Aldeias, V., 1 Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Deutscher Platz 6 Leipzig 04103 Germany, Goldberg, P., 4 CAS, SEALS, University of Wollongong Northfields Avenue Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia, Chiotti, L., 6 Département Homme et Environnement Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7194 du CNRS Abri Pataud, 24620 Les Eyzies‐de‐Tayac France, Dibble, H. L., Guérin, G., 9 IRAMAT‐CRP2A, UMR 5060 CNRS ‐ Université Bordeaux Montaigne e Maison de l'archéologie Esplanade des Antilles Pessac 33600 France, Hublin, J.‐J., Madelaine, S., 11 Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication PACEA UMR 5199, Allée Geoffroy Saint‐Hilaire, FR‐ Pessac 33615 France, Maria, R., Sandgathe, D., 14 Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada, Steele, T. E., Turq, A., Mcpherron, S. J. P., Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, Archaeology Department, Boston University [Boston] (BU), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France - Chaire internationale Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Musée National de Préhistoire, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Neanderthal, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Sequence (geology), human evolution, La Ferrassie, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), law, biology.animal, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Radiocarbon dating, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology, Human evolution, Palaeolithic, biology, 569.9, Paleontology, chronology, Archaeology, Radiocarbon, [STAT]Statistics [stat], Geography, Homo sapiens, Châtelperronian, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, radiocarbon, Aurignacian
Abstract: The grand abri at La Ferrassie (France) has been a key site for Palaeolithic research since the early part of the 20th century. It became the eponymous site for one variant of Middle Palaeolithic stone tools, and its sequence was used to define stages of the Aurignacian, an early phase of the Upper Palaeolithic. Several Neanderthal remains, including two relatively intact skeletons, make it one of the most important sites for the study of Neanderthal morphology and one of the more important data sets when discussing the Neanderthal treatment of the dead. However, the site has remained essentially undated. Our goal here is to provide a robust chronological framework of the La Ferrassie sequence to be used for broad regional models about human behaviour during the late Middle to Upper Palaeolithic periods. To achieve this goal, we used a combination of modern excavation methods, extensive geoarchaeological analyses, and radiocarbon dating. If we accept that Neanderthals were responsible for the Châtelperronian, then our results suggest an overlap of ca. 1600 years with the newly arrived Homo sapiens found elsewhere in France., Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Published: 2020

3. Chimpanzees use tree species with a resonant timbre for accumulative stone throwing

Author: Jacques Chatron, Ammie K. Kalan, Eleonora Carmignani, Mitsuko Aramaki, Sølvi Ystad, Richard Kronland-Martinet, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Perception, Représentations, Image, Son, Musique (PRISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ecole supérieure d'Art d'Aix en Provence (ESA AIX)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sons, Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CONV-0002,ILCB,Institute of Language Communication and the Brain(2017), ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02/11-LABX-0036,BLRI,Brain and Language Research Institute(2011), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire PRSIM, Marseille, France et Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Allemagne, ANR-16-CONV-0002,ILCB,ILCB: Institute of Language Communication and the Brain(2016), and ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Buttress root, Pan troglodytes, Bioacoustics, Foraging, Biology, Spectral centroid, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, bioacoustics, 03 medical and health sciences, Statistics, Animals, Animal communication, animal communication, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Tool Use Behavior, Pan troglodytes verus, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, 15. Life on land, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Tree (data structure), tool use, percussion sounds, [INFO.INFO-SD]Computer Science [cs]/Sound [cs.SD], buttress roots, Animal Behaviour, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Timbre, Throwing
Abstract: International audience; Animals use tools for communication relatively rarely compared to tool use for extractive foraging. We investigated the tool-use behaviour accumulative stone throwing (AST) in wild chimpanzees, who regularly throw rocks at trees, producing impact sounds and resulting in the aggregations of rocks. The function of AST remains unknown but appears to be communication- related. We conducted field experiments to test whether impact sounds produced by throwing rocks at trees varied according to the tree’s proper- ties. Specifically, we compared impact sounds of AST and non-AST tree species. We measured three acoustic descriptors related to intrinsic timbre quality, and found that AST tree species produced impact sounds that were less damped, with spectral energy concentrated at lower frequencies compared to non-AST tree species. Buttress roots in particular produced timbres with low-frequency energy (low spectral centroid) and slower signal onset (longer attack time). In summary, chimpanzees use tree species capable of producing more resonant sounds for AST compared to other tree species available.
Published: 2019

4. Radiocarbon dating of human burials from Raqefet Cave and contemporaneous Natufian traditions at Mount Carmel

Author: György Lengyel, Noemi R. Rebollo, Reuven Yeshurun, Dani Nadel, Omry Barzilai, Elisabetta Boaretto, Fanny Bocquentin, Gal Bermatov-Paz, Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology (WPWC), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], israel Antiquities Authority, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Zinman Institute of Archaeology [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], Ethnologie préhistorique, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Miskolc, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël]-Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Terrace (agriculture), [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Sequence (geology), Natufian, Cave, law, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, Israel, Levant, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, General Arts and Humanities, Sedentism, el-Wad, 06 humanities and the arts, Raqefet Cave, Archaeology, Mount, Natufian culture, Geology, Chronology
Abstract: International audience; The Natufian culture (c. 15–11.5 ka cal BP) marks a pivotal step in the transition from hunting and gathering to sedentism and farming in the Near East. Although conventionally divided into Early and Late phases, this internal chronology lacks support from reliable absolute dates. This is now addressed by new AMS dating from two neighbouring Natufian sites at Mount Carmel in Israel: Raqefet Cave, conventionally assigned to the Late phase of the Natufian; and el- Wad Terrace, spanning the entire Natufian sequence. Results indicate that these two sites were in fact contemporaneous at some point, but with distinct lunate assemblages. Distinguishing between Natufian phases is, therefore, more complex than previously thought; the social implications of diverse but co-existing cultural manifestations must be considered in any future reconstruction of the Natufian.
Published: 2017

5. Mortar Dating Methodology: Assessing Recurrent Issues and Needs for Further Research

Author: Mark Van Strydonck, Laura Panzeri, Petra Urbanová, Christophe Moreau, Anna Galli, Marta Caroselli, Sophie Hueglin, Tomasz Goslar, Justyna Czernik, F. Maspero, Pierre Guibert, Danuta Michalska, Isabella Passariello, Laurent Fontaine, Manuela Capano, Åsa Ringbom, Fabio Marzaioli, Alf Lindroos, Mathieu Boudin, Anna Addis, Roald Hayen, Irka Hajdas, Elisabetta Boaretto, Gilberto Artioli, Jan Heinemeier, Michele Secco, Filippo Terrasi, Hayen, Roald, Van Strydonck, Mark, Fontaine, Laurent, Boudin, Mathieu, Lindroos, Alf, Heinemeier, Jan, Ringbom, Ã sa, Michalska, Danuta, Hajdas, Irka, Hueglin, Sophie, Marzaioli, Fabio, Terrasi, Filippo, Passariello, Isabella, Capano, Manuela, Maspero, Francesco, Panzeri, Laura, Galli, Anna, Artioli, Gilberto, Addis, Anna, Secco, Michele, Boaretto, Elisabetta, Moreau, Christophe, Guibert, Pierre, Urbanova, Petra, Czernik, Justyna, Goslar, Tomasz, Caroselli, Marta, Unité de chimie organique moléculaire et macromoléculaire (UCO2M), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology (WPWC), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Weizmann Institute of Science, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Humaines (Lares-Las), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël]-Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique | Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Seconda Università degli studi di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Poznań Radiocarbon Laboratory | Poznańskie Laboratorium Radiowęglowe, Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana = University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland [Manno] (SUPSI), Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli = Second University of Naples, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hayen, R, Van Strydonck, M, Fontaine, L, Boudin, M, Lindroos, A, Heinemeier, J, Ringbom, Å, Michalska, D, Hajdas, I, Hueglin, S, Marzaioli, F, Terrasi, F, Passariello, I, Capano, M, Maspero, F, Panzeri, L, Galli, A, Artioli, G, Addis, A, Secco, M, Boaretto, E, Moreau, C, Guibert, P, Urbanova, P, Czernik, J, Goslar, T, and Caroselli, M
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Optically stimulated luminescence, 01 natural sciences, Civil engineering, law.invention, law, Absolute dating, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, CARBONATE, Radiocarbon dating, lime, OSL, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060102 archaeology, Archeology (arts and humanities), Dating methodologies in archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, AMS C-14, LIME MORTARS, radiocarbon AMS dating, mortar dating, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Mortar, Earth and Planetary Sciences (all)
Abstract: Absolute dating of mortars is crucial when trying to pin down construction phases of archaeological sites and historic stone buildings to a certain point in time or to confirm, but possibly also challenge, existing chronologies. To evaluate various sample preparation methods for radiocarbon (14C) dating of mortars as well as to compare different dating methods, i.e.14C and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), a mortar dating intercomparison study (MODIS) was set up, exploring existing limits and needs for further research. Four mortar samples were selected and distributed among the participating laboratories: one of which was expected not to present any problem related to the sample preparation methodologies for anthropogenic lime extraction, whereas all others addressed specific known sample preparation issues. Data obtained from the various mortar dating approaches are evaluated relative to the historical framework of the mortar samples and any deviation observed is contextualized to the composition and specific mineralogy of the sampled material.
Published: 2017

6. Nucleation of aragonite upon carbonation of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide at ambient temperatures and pressures: a new indicator of fire-related human activities

Author: Elisabetta Boaretto, Michael B. Toffolo, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology (WPWC), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël]-Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Carbonation, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, engineering.material, complex mixtures, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Calcium oxide, Lime, Calcite, Calcium hydroxide, Aragonite, technology, industry, and agriculture, Wood ash, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Calcium carbonate, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, engineering, Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Wood ash found at archaeological sites is the most direct evidence of the presence of combustion features.The preservation of wood ash within archaeological deposits is often poor due to diageneticprocesses and therefore its identification requires the use of spectroscopic methods. FTIR spectrometry isable to detect the main calcite component of wood ash, unless this is mixed with other calcitic phases ofgeologic origin. Using FTIR spectrometry we identified non-biogenic aragonite in archaeological heatalteredsediments and lime plasters. The presence of aragonite in such conditions is unusual, as it isunlikely to crystallize at ambient temperatures and pressures or in absence of Mg. The experimentalconditions which favor the nucleation of this aragonite phase were investigated with FTIR spectrometry,XRPD and SEM imaging of modern lime plaster and quicklime samples prepared in the laboratory usingdifferent calcium carbonate starting materials. We show that aragonite forms at ambient temperaturesand pressures upon carbonation of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide together with calcite and itsnucleation and growth are influenced by environmental parameters, such as carbon dioxide partialpressure, relative humidity and temperature. This pyrogenic aragonite is a reliable indicator for calcareousmaterials exposed to temperatures above 600 C, and therefore it can be used to determine thepresence of heat-altered sediments and ash in the absence of structured combustion features. Thismineral phase could have applications in radiocarbon dating as well.
Published: 2014

7. Genetic insights into the social organization of Neanderthals

Author: Laurits Skov, Stéphane Peyrégne, Divyaratan Popli, Leonardo N. M. Iasi, Thibaut Devièse, Viviane Slon, Elena I. Zavala, Mateja Hajdinjak, Arev P. Sümer, Steffi Grote, Alba Bossoms Mesa, David López Herráez, Birgit Nickel, Sarah Nagel, Julia Richter, Elena Essel, Marie Gansauge, Anna Schmidt, Petra Korlević, Daniel Comeskey, Anatoly P. Derevianko, Aliona Kharevich, Sergey V. Markin, Sahra Talamo, Katerina Douka, Maciej T. Krajcarz, Richard G. Roberts, Thomas Higham, Bence Viola, Andrey I. Krivoshapkin, Kseniya A. Kolobova, Janet Kelso, Matthias Meyer, Svante Pääbo, Benjamin M. Peter, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tel Aviv University (TAU), University of Oxford, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), University of Wollongong [Australia], University of Vienna [Vienna], University of Toronto, Skov L., Peyregne S., Popli D., Iasi L.N.M., Deviese T., Slon V., Zavala E.I., Hajdinjak M., Sumer A.P., Grote S., Bossoms Mesa A., Lopez Herraez D., Nickel B., Nagel S., Richter J., Essel E., Gansauge M., Schmidt A., Korlevic P., Comeskey D., Derevianko A.P., Kharevich A., Markin S.V., Talamo S., Douka K., Krajcarz M.T., Roberts R.G., Higham T., Viola B., Krivoshapkin A.I., Kolobova K.A., Kelso J., Meyer M., Paabo S., and Peter B.M.
Subjects: Male, Genome, Multidisciplinary, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Animal, Homozygote, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Cave, DNA, Mitochondrial, Siberia, Caves, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Y Chromosome, Animals, Humans, Hybridization, Genetic, Female, Family, Human, Neanderthals
Abstract: Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population history and relationship to modern humans1–8, but the social organization of Neanderthal communities remains poorly understood. Here we present genetic data for 13 Neanderthals from two Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia: 11 from Chagyrskaya Cave9,10 and 2 from Okladnikov Cave11—making this one of the largest genetic studies of a Neanderthal population to date. We used hybridization capture to obtain genome-wide nuclear data, as well as mitochondrial and Y-chromosome sequences. Some Chagyrskaya individuals were closely related, including a father–daughter pair and a pair of second-degree relatives, indicating that at least some of the individuals lived at the same time. Up to one-third of these individuals’ genomes had long segments of homozygosity, suggesting that the Chagyrskaya Neanderthals were part of a small community. In addition, the Y-chromosome diversity is an order of magnitude lower than the mitochondrial diversity, a pattern that we found is best explained by female migration between communities. Thus, the genetic data presented here provide a detailed documentation of the social organization of an isolated Neanderthal community at the easternmost extent of their known range.
Published: 2022

8. From fossils to mind

Author: de Sousa, A., Beaudet, A., Calvey, T., Bardo, A., Benoit, J., Charvet, C., Dehay, C., Gómez-Robles, A., Gunz, P., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-4450, Heuer, K., van den Heuvel, M., Hurst, S., Lauters, P., Reed, D., Salagnon, M., Sherwood, C., Ströckens, F., Tawane, M., Todorov, O., Toro, R., Wei, Y., de Sousa, Alexandra A [0000-0003-2379-3894], Beaudet, Amélie [0000-0002-9363-5966], Calvey, Tanya [0000-0002-7540-2130], Bardo, Ameline [0000-0003-1840-6423], Gómez-Robles, Aida [0000-0002-8719-2660], Gunz, Philipp [0000-0002-2350-4450], Heuer, Katja [0000-0002-7237-0196], van den Heuvel, Martijn P [0000-0003-1570-1195], Hurst, Shawn [0000-0002-1458-759X], Lauters, Pascaline [0000-0003-3664-3182], Sherwood, Chet C [0000-0001-6711-449X], Todorov, Orlin S [0000-0002-0295-7557], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Bath Spa University, Laboratoire de paléontologie, évolution, paléoécosystèmes, paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Cape Town, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Kent [Canterbury], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Auburn University (AU), Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute (SBRI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University College of London [London] (UCL), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Neuroanatomie Appliquée et Théorique / Applied and Theoretical Neuroanatomy (NAAT), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana University System, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), The George Washington University (GW), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Ditsong National Museum of Natural History [Pretoria, South Africa] (DNMNH), Macquarie University [Sydney], Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), A.Ba. was funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant number: ANR-20-CE27-0009-01). A.Be. was funded by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Research Development Grants for Y-Rated Researchers (grant number 129336) and the South Africa/France (PROTEA) Joint Research Programme (grant number 129923). C.C.S. was funded by NSF (EF-2021785, DRL-2219759) and NIH (NS092988, AG067419, HG011641). C.J.C. was funded by NIGMS COBRE (grant number 5P20GM103653). J.B. was funded by the NRF African Origins Platform. K.H. and R.T. were supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche, projects NeuroWebLab (ANR-19-DATA-0025) and DMOBE (ANR-21-CE45-0016). K.H. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No101033485 (Individual Fellowship). O.S.T was funded by a Discovery Project Award (project number: DP210101324) funded by the Australian Government. P.G. was funded by the Max Planck Society (grant number M.IF.A.XXXX8103)., ANR-20-CE27-0009,PaleoBRAIN,Ressusciter le cerveau d'Homo erectus et des Néandertaliens(2020), ANR-19-DATA-0025,NeuroWebLab,Un laboratoire de neuroscience collectif: Au delà de FAIR(2019), and ANR-21-CE45-0016,DMOBE,Méchanique dévelopemental de l'évolution du cerveau(2021)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Archaeology, Fossils, Brain, Artifacts, Phylogeny, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Fossil endocasts record features of brains from the past: size, shape, vasculature, and gyrification. These data, alongside experimental and comparative evidence, are needed to resolve questions about brain energetics, cognitive specializations, and developmental plasticity. Through the application of interdisciplinary techniques to the fossil record, paleoneurology has been leading major innovations. Neuroimaging is shedding light on fossil brain organization and behaviors. Inferences about the development and physiology of the brains of extinct species can be experimentally investigated through brain organoids and transgenic models based on ancient DNA. Phylogenetic comparative methods integrate data across species and associate genotypes to phenotypes, and brains to behaviors. Meanwhile, fossil and archeological discoveries continuously contribute new knowledge. Through cooperation, the scientific community can accelerate knowledge acquisition. Sharing digitized museum collections improves the availability of rare fossils and artifacts. Comparative neuroanatomical data are available through online databases, along with tools for their measurement and analysis. In the context of these advances, the paleoneurological record provides ample opportunity for future research. Biomedical and ecological sciences can benefit from paleoneurology’s approach to understanding the mind as well as its novel research pipelines that establish connections between neuroanatomy, genes and behavior.
Published: 2023

9. Analysis and characterisation of historic mortars for absolute dating

Author: Hayen, Roald, Strydonck, Mark, Boaretto, Elisabetta, Lindroos, Alf, Heinemeier, Jan, Ringbom, Åsa, Hueglin, Sophie, Michalska, Danuta, Hajdas, Irka, Marzaoili, Fabio, Maspero, Francesco, Galli, Anna, Artioli, Gilberto, Moreau, Christophe, Guibert, Pierre, Caroselli, Marta, Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique, Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology (WPWC), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Dipartimento di Fisica [Politecnico Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Humaines (Lares-Las), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ioanna Papayianni, Maria Stefanidou, Vasiliki Pachta, Université de Padoue, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël]-Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Subjects: OSL-dating, lime mortar, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, radiocarbon, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], characterization, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Absolute dating of mortars is crucial when trying to pin down construction phases of archaeological sites and historic stone buildings to a certain point in time or to confirm, but possibly also challenge existing chronologies. It should become a standard tool for archaeometric research as it contributes considerably to the historical, artistic, social, cultural and touristic valorisation of our built heritage. To compare on the one hand the different methods-radiocarbon and OSL-as well as to evaluate the best method of how to prepare samples for radiocarbon dating, an intercomparison study amongst various laboratories was set up. The results of radiocarbon dating of mortars depend very much on the accuracy with which minute differences in crystal structure between the various sources of anthropogenic and geogenic carbonates can be discriminated. As a detailed
Published: 2016

10. 14,000-year-old seeds indicate the Levantine origin of the lost progenitor of faba bean

Author: Valentina Caracuta, Daniel Kaufman, Reuven Yeshurun, Elisabetta Boaretto, Jérémie Silvent, Mina Weinstein-Evron, Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology (WPWC), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Zinman Institute of Archaeology [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], Evolution Paris Seine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory [Rehovot], Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël]-Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Caracuta, Valentina, Weinstein Evron, Mina, Kaufman, Daniel, Yeshurun, Reuven, Silvent, Jeremie, and Boaretto, Elisabetta
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Crops, Agricultural, 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Evolution, Biodiversity, Computed tomography, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Crop, Domestication, 03 medical and health sciences, Botany, medicine, Humans, Israel, History, Ancient, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ancestor, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Vicia faba, 030104 developmental biology, Seeds, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract: The understanding of crop domestication is dependent on tracking the original geographical distribution of wild relatives. The faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is economically important in many countries around the world; nevertheless, its origin has been debated because its ancestor could not be securely identified. Recent investigations in the site of el-Wad (Mount Carmel, Israel), provide the first and, so far, only remains of the lost ancestor of faba bean. X-ray CT scan analysis of the faba beans provides the first set of measurements of the biometry of this species before its domestication. The presence of wild specimens in Mount Carmel, 14,000 years ago, supports that the wild variety grew nearby in the Lower Galilee where the first domestication was documented for Neolithic farmers 10,200 years ago.
Published: 2016

11. Ancient genomes from the last three millennia support multiple human dispersals into Wallacea

Author: Sandra Oliveira, Kathrin Nägele, Selina Carlhoff, Irina Pugach, Toetik Koesbardiati, Alexander Hübner, Matthias Meyer, Adhi Agus Oktaviana, Masami Takenaka, Chiaki Katagiri, Delta Bayu Murti, Rizky Sugianto Putri, null Mahirta, Fiona Petchey, Thomas Higham, Charles F. W. Higham, Sue O’Connor, Stuart Hawkins, Rebecca Kinaston, Peter Bellwood, Rintaro Ono, Adam Powell, Johannes Krause, Cosimo Posth, Mark Stoneking, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR), Department of Archaeogenetics [Jena] (DAG), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universitas Gadjah Mada, University of Waikato [Hamilton], University of Oxford, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Australian National University (ANU), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Asian People, Ecology, Indonesia, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Humans, humanities, Asia, Southeastern, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Previous research indicates that the human genetic diversity found in Wallacea - islands in present-day Eastern Indonesia and Timor-Leste that were never part of the Sunda or Sahul continental shelves - has been shaped by complex interactions between migrating Austronesian farmers and indigenous hunter-gatherer communities. Here, we provide new insights into this region’s demographic history based on genome-wide data from 16 ancient individuals (2600-250 yrs BP) from islands of the North Moluccas, Sulawesi, and East Nusa Tenggara. While the ancestry of individuals from the northern islands fit earlier views of contact between groups related to the Austronesian expansion and the first colonization of Sahul, the ancestry of individuals from the southern islands revealed additional contributions from Mainland Southeast Asia, which seems to predate the Austronesian admixture in the region. Admixture time estimates for the oldest individuals of Wallacea are closerto archaeological estimates for the Austronesian arrival into the region than are admixture time estimates for present-day groups. The decreasing trend in admixture times exhibited by younger individuals supports a scenario of multiple or continuous admixture involving Papuan- and Asian-related groups. Our results clarify previously debated times of admixture and suggest that the Neolithic dispersals into Island Southeast Asia are associated with the spread of multiple genetic ancestries.
Published: 2022

12. Early presence of Homo sapiens by 86-68 kyrs in Southeast Asia at Tam Pà Ling cave, Northern Laos

Author: Sarah Freidline, Kira Westaway, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Philippe Duringer, Jean-Luc Ponche, Mike Morley, Vito Paolo Hernandez, Meghan McAllister-Hayward, Hugh McColl, Clément Zanolli, Philipp Gunz, Inga Bergmann, Phonephanh Sichanthongtip, Daovee Sihanam, Souliphane Boualaphane, Thonglith Luangkhoth, Viengkeo Souksavatdy, Anthony Dosseto, Quentin Boesch, Elise Patole-Edoumba, Françoise Aubaile, Françoise Crozier, Eric Suzzoni, Sébastien Frangeul, Nicolas Bourgon, Alexandra Zachwieja, Tyler Dunn, Anne-Marie Bacon, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Laura Shackelford, Fabrice Demeter, Southern Cross University (SCU), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of national heritage, Ministry of Information and Culture, Department of Museums, Historic Buildings and Archaeology, Ministry of Information and Culture, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de La Rochelle, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Biologie, anthropologie, biométrie, épigénétique, lignées : De la diversité des populations à l'individu, de l'identification à l'identité (BABEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Collège de France - Chaire Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: mandible, brow ridge, Homo sapiens, Late Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Southeast Asia Homo sapiens geometric morphometrics Late Pleistocene brow ridge mandible, geometric morphometrics, Southeast Asia, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: The timing of the first arrival of Homo sapiens in East Asia from Africa and the degree to which they interbred with or replaced local archaic populations is controversial. Previous discoveries from Tam Pà Ling cave (Laos) identified H. sapiens in Southeast Asia by 46 kyr. We report on a new frontal bone (TPL 6) and slightly older tibial fragment (TPL 7) discovered in the deepest layers of TPL. Bayesian modeling of luminescence dating of sediments and U-series and combined U-series-ESR dating of mammalian teeth reveals a depositional sequence spanning ~ 86 kyr. TPL 6 confirms the presence of H. sapiens by 70 ± 3 kyr, and TPL 7 extends this range to 77 ± 9 kyr, supporting an early dispersal of H. sapiens into Southeast Asia. Geometric morphometric analyses of TPL 6 suggest descent from a gracile immigrant population rather than evolution from or admixture with local archaic populations.
Published: 2023

13. The fluvial architecture of buried floodplain sediments of the Weiße Elster River (Germany) revealed by a novel method combination of drill cores with two‐dimensional and spatially resolved geophysical measurements

Author: Hans Suchodoletz, Marco Pohle, Azra Khosravichenar, Mathias Ulrich, Michael Hein, Christian Tinapp, Jonathan Schultz, Helen Ballasus, Ulrich Veit, Peter Ettel, Lukas Werther, Christoph Zielhofer, Ulrike Werban, Pohle, Marco, 2 Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Leipzig Germany, Khosravichenar, Azra, 3 Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany, Ulrich, Mathias, 1 Institute of Geography Leipzig University Leipzig Germany, Hein, Michael, Tinapp, Christian, 4 Saxonian Archeological Heritage Office Dresden Germany, Schultz, Jonathan, Ballasus, Helen, Veit, Ulrich, 5 Historical Seminar Leipzig University Leipzig Germany, Ettel, Peter, 6 Seminar for Prehistoric and Early Archeology Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany, Werther, Lukas, 7 Institute of Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology Tübingen University Tübingen Germany, Zielhofer, Christoph, and Werban, Ulrike
Subjects: Geography, Planning and Development, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ddc:551.35, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The complex and non‐linear fluvial river dynamics are characterized by repeated periods of fluvial erosion and re‐deposition in different parts of the floodplain. Understanding the fluvial architecture (i.e. the three‐dimensional arrangement and genetic interconnectedness of different sediment types) is therefore fundamental to obtain well‐based information about controlling factors. However, investigating the fluvial architecture in buried floodplain deposits without natural exposures is challenging. We studied the fluvial architecture of the middle Weiße Elster floodplain in Central Germany, an extraordinary long‐standing archive of Holocene flooding and landscape changes in sensitive loess‐covered Central European landscapes. We applied a novel systematic approach by coupling two‐dimensional transects of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements and closely spaced core drillings with spatially resolved measurements of electromagnetic induction (EMI) of larger floodplain areas at three study sites. This allowed for (i) time and cost‐efficient core drillings based on preceding ERT measurements and (ii) spatially scaling up the main elements of the fluvial architecture, such as the distribution of thick silt‐clay overbank deposits and paleochannel patterns from the floodplain transects to larger surrounding areas. We found that fine‐grained sand and silt‐clay overbank deposits overlying basal gravels were deposited during several periods of intensive flooding. Those were separated from each other by periods of reduced flooding, allowing soil formation. However, the overbank deposits were severely laterally eroded before and during each sedimentation period. This was probably linked with pronounced meandering or even braiding of the river. Our preliminary chronological classification suggests that first fine‐grained sedimentation must have occurred during the Early to Middle Holocene, and the last phase of lateral erosion and sedimentation during the Little Ice Age. Our study demonstrates the high archive potential of the buried fluvial sediments of the middle Weiße Elster floodplain and provides a promising time and cost‐effective approach for future studies of buried floodplain sediments., We applied a novel time and cost‐efficient systematic approach to study the architecture of buried floodplain sediments of the Weiße Elster River in Germany by coupling two‐dimensional transects of Electrical Resistivity Measurements and closely spaced core drillings with spatially resolved measurements of Electromagnetic Induction of larger floodplain areas. We found that fine‐grained overbank deposits deposited during several periods of intensive flooding were severely laterally eroded before and during each following sedimentation period probably linked with pronounced meandering or even braiding., Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
Published: 2022

14. Using SXRF and LA-ICP-TOFMS to explore evidence of treatment and physiological responses to leprosy in medieval Denmark

Author: Anastasia Brozou, Marcello A. Mannino, Stijn J. M. Van Malderen, Jan Garrevoet, Eric Pubert, Benjamin T. Fuller, M. Christopher Dean, Thomas Colard, Frédéric Santos, Niels Lynnerup, Jesper L. Boldsen, Marie Louise Jørkov, Andrei Dorian Soficaru, Laszlo Vincze, Adeline Le Cabec, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Department of Chemistry, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology [University College of London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Lille, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, ‘Francisc I. Rainer’ Institute of Anthropology, Romanian Academy, Department of Chemistry, X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging Research Group (XMI), Ghent University, Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, and GPR 'Human Past'
Subjects: lead, mineral imbalances, calcium, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, General Immunology and Microbiology, dental tissues, zinc, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, leprosy treatment, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, leads to blood mineral imbalances: low levels of zinc, calcium, magnesium, and iron and high levels of copper. Interestingly, in late medieval Europe, minerals were used to treat leprosy. We investigated physiological responses to leprosy and possible evidence of treatment in dental tissues of leprosy sufferers from medieval Denmark and early 20th century Romania when multidrug therapy was not then yet invented. Using Synchrotron Fluorescence (SXRF) and laser ablation (LA-ICP-TOFMS), we show marked covariations in the zinc, calcium, and magnesium distributions, which are compatible with clinical studies but cannot be directly attributed to leprosy. Minerals used historically as a treatment for leprosy show no detectable intake (arsenic, mercury) or a diffuse distribution (lead) related to the daily consumption of contaminated water and food. Intense lead enrichments indicate acute incorporations, potentially through the administration of lead-enriched medication or the mobilization of lead from bone stores to the bloodstream during intense physiological stress related to leprosy. However, comparisons with a healthy control group are needed to ascertain these interpretations. The positive correlations and the patterns observed between lead and essential elements may indicate underlying pathophysiological conditions, demonstrating the potential of the two techniques for investigating diseases in past populations.
Published: 2023

15. Comparative study of manual identification of brain foldings in a living human brain using a proxy-endocast obtained from MRI

Author: Nicole Labra, Yann Leprince, Denis Rivière, Mathieu Santin, Jean François Mangin, Lou Albessard-Ball, Amélie Beaudet, Douglas Broadfield, Emiliano Bruner, Kristian J. Carlson, Zachary Cofran, Dean Falk, Emmanuel Gilissen, Aida Gómez-Robles, Simon Neubauer, Alannah Pearson, Carolin Röding, Yameng Zhang, Aurélien Mounier, Antoine Balzeau, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche en NeuroImagerie Applicative Clinique et Translationnelle (UNIACT), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Department of Anthropology [Tallahassee] (FSU | Anthro), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), Department of Anthropology [George Washington University] (GW), The George Washington University (GW), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: Cultural Studies, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Anthropology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The use of virtual endocasts allows investigation of the folding configurations of the cerebral cortex of extinct species. However, is that really possible? Our goal is to help answer this question by qualifying and quantifying the subjective identifications of the foldings on endocasts compared to their real configurations on the brain. We invited 14 paleoneurologists to manually reconstruct the foldings they could recognize in a proxy-endocast obtained from an in-vivo MRI. MRI data were obtained on a volunteer (female, 33 y/o) during a unique session with complementary sequences. The brain structures segmentation and the folding labelling were obtained with Morphologist with the T1. The MRI UTE sequence was used to segment the bone and create the proxy-endocast with the BrainVisa software. Paleoneurologists were asked to label the endocast. Their manual reconstructions were compared with the real sulci using the Dice index in conjunction with a similarity measure based on position and shape of the foldings. Results show that foldings located closer to the base of the skull are more accurately identified in location and shape than those located in the superior region of the brain, such as the Central Sulcus that was largely misidentified and positioned closer to the precentral region. Traces that appear to be foldings but are not were also identified. The nature of some of these traces remains unknown while in particular one misidentified trace corresponds to another type of structure: the parieto-occipital suture. We hope that the information presented in this work will help the palaeoanthropology community to be more careful with the identification of foldings that might be false or largely misidentified and to validate those that are generally well reconstructed, providing support and confidence in the subsequent studies that derive from them.
Published: 2023

16. Les sinus frontaux au cours de l’évolution humaine

Author: Balzeau, Antoine, Albessard-Ball, Lou, Kubicka, Anna Maria, Filippo, Andréa, Beaudet, Amélie, Santos, Elena, Bienvenu, Thibault, Arsuaga, Juan-Luis, Bartsiokas, Antonis, Berger, Lee, Bermúdez de Castro, José María, Brunet, Michel, Carlson, Kristian J., Daura, Joan, Gorgoulis, Vassilis G., Grine, Frederick E., Harvati, Katerina, Hawks, John, Herries, Andy, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Martin, Jesse, Martinón-Torres, Maria, May, Hila, Mounier, Aurélien, Du Plessis, Anton, Rae, Todd, Röding, Carolin, Sanz, Montserrat, Semal, Patrick, Stratford, Dominic, Stringer, Chris, Tawane, Mirriam, Temming, Heiko, Tsoukala, Evangelia, Zilhão, João, Zipfel, Bernhard, Buck, Laura T., Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), James Cook University (JCU), Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Department of Anthropology [University College of London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratoire de paléontologie, évolution, paléoécosystèmes, paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), University of Athens Medical School [Athens], Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School [Dundee], Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health [Manchester, UK], University of Manchester [Manchester], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Earth Ocean and Ecological Sciences [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, Collège de France - Chaire Paléoanthropologie, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Turkana Basin Institute, University of Roehampton, United Kingdom, UNIARQ, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Archaeology, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, (GAES), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, School of Geology, Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), and Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa (UNIARQ)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

17. The molecular evolution of spermatogenesis across mammals

Author: Svante Pääbo, Henrik Kaessmann, Thoomke Brüning, Frank Grützner, Philipp Khaitovich, Francesco Lamanna, Mari Sepp, Meritxell Riera Belles, Julia Schmidt, Katharina Mößinger, Christian Conrad, Rüdiger Behr, Celine Schneider, Ronald E. Bontrop, Sofia B. Winge, Kristian Almstrup, Timo Trefzer, Florent Murat, Ivanela Kondova, Margarida Cardoso-Moreira, Evgeny Leushkin, Noe Mbengue, Mikkel H. Schierup, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Theoretical Biology, Center for Molecular Biology - Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie [Heidelberg, Germany] (ZMBH), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], The Francis Crick Institute [London], Biomedical Primate Research Centre [Rijswijk] (BPRC), German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology [Moscow] (Skoltech), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva [Barcelona] (IBE / UPF - CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Centre for Genomic Regulation [Barcelona] (CRG), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico [Barcelona] (CNAG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Robinson Research Institute, and University of Adelaide
Subjects: Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gene Expression, Cell-adhesion, 0302 clinical medicine, Ecology,Evolution & Ethology, Origins, Sex-chromosomes, Features, X chromosome, X-chromosome, 0303 health sciences, Spermatogenic Cell, Human Biology & Physiology, Multidisciplinary, Chromatin/genetics, Sertoli cell, Gene expression profiling, Dynamics, Chromatin, medicine.anatomical_structure, Sexual selection, Genetics & Genomics, Macaque, Model organisms, Evolution, Mammals/genetics, Biology, Chromosomes, Evolutionary genetics, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Meiosis, Molecular evolution, medicine, Animals, mammals, General, 030304 developmental biology, Computational & Systems Biology, Spermatogenesis/genetics, Molecular, Chromosome, Evolutionary pressure, spermatogenesis, Genes, Meiosis/genetics, Evolutionary biology, Testis/metabolism, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract: The testis produces gametes through spermatogenesis and evolves rapidly at both the morphological and molecular level in mammals1-6, probably owing to the evolutionary pressure on males to be reproductively successful7. However, the molecular evolution of individual spermatogenic cell types across mammals remains largely uncharacterized. Here we report evolutionary analyses of single-nucleus transcriptome data for testes from 11 species that cover the three main mammalian lineages (eutherians, marsupials and monotremes) and birds (the evolutionary outgroup), and include seven primates. We find that the rapid evolution of the testis was driven by accelerated fixation rates of gene expression changes, amino acid substitutions and new genes in late spermatogenic stages, probably facilitated by reduced pleiotropic constraints, haploid selection and transcriptionally permissive chromatin. We identify temporal expression changes of individual genes across species and conserved expression programs controlling ancestral spermatogenic processes. Genes predominantly expressed in spermatogonia (germ cells fuelling spermatogenesis) and Sertoli (somatic support) cells accumulated on X chromosomes during evolution, presumably owing to male-beneficial selective forces. Further work identified transcriptomal differences between X- and Y-bearing spermatids and uncovered that meiotic sex-chromosome inactivation (MSCI) also occurs in monotremes and hence is common to mammalian sex-chromosome systems. Thus, the mechanism of meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chromatin, which underlies MSCI, is an ancestral mammalian feature. Our study illuminates the molecular evolution of spermatogenesis and associated selective forces, and provides a resource for investigating the biology of the testis across mammals. We thank all members of the Kaessmann group, S. Tirier for discussions and N. Trost for the administration of the Kaessmann laboratory server. Computations were performed on the Kaessmann laboratory server and the bwForCluster from the Heidelberg University Computational Center (supported by the state of Baden-Württemberg through bwHPC and the German Research Foundation grant no. INST 35/1134-1 FUGG). This research was supported by grants from the ERC (grant no. 615253, OntoTransEvol) and German Research Council (DFG, grant nos. SFB 873 and KA 1710/4-1) to H.K., by the CellNetworks Postdoc Fellowship and EMBO Long-Term Fellowship to F.M. (grant no. ALTF 591-2017), and by the Australian Research Council (grant no. FT160100267) to F.G. and by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant no. NNF21OC0069913) to K.A. and (grant no. NNF18OC0031004) to M.H.S. The use of all other mammalian samples for the type of work described in this study was approved by ERC ethics screening panels (ERC starting grant no. 242597, SexGenTransEvolution and ERC consolidator grant no. 615253, OntoTransEvol).
Published: 2023
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18. A Third Neanderthal Individual from La Ferrassie Dated to the End of the Middle Palaeolithic

Author: Guérin, Guillaume, Aldeias, Vera, Baumgarten, Frederik, Goldberg, Paul, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Lahaye, Christelle, Madelaine, Stéphane, Maureille, Bruno, Philippe, Anne, Sandgathe, Dennis, Talamo, Sahra, Thomsen, Kristina, Turq, Alain, Balzeau, Antoine, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Archaeology, Boston University [Boston] (BU), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Archéosciences Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), musée national de Préhistoire des Eyzies, Ministère de la Culture (MC), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray (LMJL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Musée National de Préhistoire, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Palaeolithic site of La Ferrassie (SW France) has been extensively studied since its discovery during the 19th century. In addition to a large sequence including Middle and Upper Paleolithic layers, the site has yielded two very complete adult Neanderthal skeletons, five partial immature Neanderthal skeletons as well as a few isolated human remains. Currently, much of the site sequence has been dated by radiocarbon and OSL but the dating of the human skeletal remains is still a matter of debate. Here, we present the OSL dating of a still consolidated sediment sample associated with the Neanderthal skeleton La Ferrassie 1 (LF1), unearthed by Peyrony and Capitan in 1909 and preserved at the Musée de l’Homme (Paris, France). This block of sediment is crucial as it constitutes the first possibility to date a sample in close association with the specimen. This sample is included in a chronological model at the scale of the site, with the aim to estimate the ages of three Neanderthal individuals: La Ferrassie 1, 2 and 8 (LF1, LF2 and LF8). Two chronological modelling tools (OxCal and BayLum/ArchaeoPhases) are first applied to previously published radiocarbon ages and compared. Chronological inferences show that the BayLum/ArchaeoPhases model provides posterior probability densities, or statistical inferences, that are more consistent with the measured data. When including OSL ages in the BayLum model, we can conclude that all three studied individuals date from the late Middle Palaeolithic (
Published: 2023

19. Genomic perspectives on human dispersals during the Holocene

Author: Mark Stoneking, Leonardo Arias, Dang Liu, Sandra Oliveira, Irina Pugach, Jae Joseph Russell B. Rodriguez, Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL), Universiteit Leiden, Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé (GEMS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Bern, Switzerland], University of Bern, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UP Los Baños), and University of the Philippines Diliman (UP Diliman)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Multidisciplinary, Holocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, MESH: Genomics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], MESH: Human migration, MESH: History, Ancient, genomics, 570 Life sciences, biology, dispersal, humans, MESH: Agriculture, 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
Abstract: International audience; Nearly 20 y ago, Jared Diamond and Peter Bellwood reviewed the evidence for the associated spread of farming and large language families by the demographic expansions of farmers. Since then, advances in obtaining and analyzing genomic data from modern and ancient populations have transformed our knowledge of human dispersals during the Holocene. Here, we provide an overview of Holocene dispersals in the light of genomic evidence and conclude that they have a complex history. Even when there is a demonstrated connection between a demographic expansion of people, the spread of agriculture, and the spread of a particular language family, the outcome in the results of contact between expanding and resident groups is highly variable. Further research is needed to identify the factors and social circumstances that have influenced this variation and complex history.
Published: 2023
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20. Insights into the palaeobiology of an early Homo infant: multidisciplinary investigation of the GAR IVE hemi-mandible, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia

Author: Laura Pioli, Margherita Mussi, Thomas Colard, Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Fernando Ramirez-Rozzi, Adeline Le Cabec, Gabriele Di Carlo, Rita Teresa Melis, Damien Charabidze, Catherine Chaussain, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre d'histoire judiciaire - UMR 8025 (CHJ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales (URP 2496), Université de Paris (UP), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GPR 'Human Past', Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'histoire judiciaire (CHJ), Pathologies, imagerie et biothérapies oro-faciales = Orofacial pathologies, imaging and biotherapies (URP 2496), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Collège de France - Chaire Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), CNRS, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires (PMOI) - ULR 4490, Centre d'Histoire Judiciaire (CHJ) - UMR 8025, Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales [EA 2496], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] [UNIROMA], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University [JGU], Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari [UniCa], Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie [EAE], Collège de France - Chaire internationale Paléoanthropologie, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: amelogenesis imperfecta, animals, archaeology, biological evolution, dental enamel, Ethiopia, female, fossils, geography, head, hominidae, humans, interdisciplinary research, mandible, paleontology, synchrotrons, tooth, Taphonomy, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Human life, Biological anthropology, Science, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Context (language use), Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multidisciplinary approach, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Mandible, 030206 dentistry, Brain growth, Evolutionary biology, Normal growth, Medicine, Oldowan
Abstract: International audience; Childhood is an ontogenetic stage unique to the modern human life history pattern. It enables the still dependent infants to achieve an extended rapid brain growth, slow somatic maturation, while benefitting from provisioning, transitional feeding, and protection from other group members. This tipping point in the evolution of human ontogeny likely emerged from early Homo. The GAR IVE hemi-mandible (1.8 Ma, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia) represents one of the rarely preserved early Homo infants (~ 3 years at death), recovered in a richly documented Oldowan archaeological context. Yet, based on the sole external inspection of its teeth, GAR IVE was diagnosed with a rare genetic diseaseamelogenesis imperfecta (AI)-altering enamel. Since it may have impacted the child's survival, this diagnosis deserves deeper examination. Here, we reassess and refute this diagnosis and all associated interpretations, using an unprecedented multidisciplinary approach combining an in-depth analysis of GAR IVE (synchrotron imaging) and associated fauna. Some of the traits previously considered as diagnostic of AI can be better explained by normal growth or taphonomy, which calls for caution when diagnosing pathologies on fossils. We compare GAR IVE's dental development to other fossil hominins, and discuss the implications for the emergence of childhood in early Homo. The pattern and timing of modern human life history is unique in involving an extended period of growth 1. This provides more time not only for somatic development and protracted brain growth 2, 3 , but also to learn survival skills 4. The offspring is thus dependent upon more parental care over a longer time, and sexual maturity is postponed 5. In modern humans, life history stages successively involve infancy, childhood, a juvenile phase, adolescence, and finally adulthood. Different kinds of feeding strategies and dental development stages characterize these phases. Following these criteria, infancy can be subdivided into two stages. First, the "nursing phase" takes place from birth to 6 months, when the infant exclusively relies on breastfeeding and starts erupting its
Published: 2021

21. The genomic landscape of contemporary western Remote Oceanians

Author: Lara R. Arauna, Jacob Bergstedt, Jeremy Choin, Javier Mendoza-Revilla, Christine Harmant, Maguelonne Roux, Alex Mas-Sandoval, Laure Lémée, Heidi Colleran, Alexandre François, Frédérique Valentin, Olivier Cassar, Antoine Gessain, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Etienne Patin, Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Imperial College London, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Biomics (plateforme technologique), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Lattice - Langues, Textes, Traitements informatiques, Cognition - UMR 8094 (Lattice), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Département Littératures et langage - ENS Paris (LILA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Technologie et Ethnologie des Mondes Préhistoriques (TEMPS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes / Oncogenic Virus Epidemiology and Pathophysiology (EPVO (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_3)), L.R.A. was funded by a Pasteur-Roux-Cantarini fellowship from the Institut Pasteur. The laboratory of Human Evolutionary Genetics is supported by the Institut Pasteur, the Collège de France, the CNRS, the Fondation Allianz-Institut de France, the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir programme, Laboratoires d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) and 'Milieu Intérieur' (ANR-10-LABX-69-01), the Fondation de France (no. 00106080), the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Equipe FRM DEQ20180339214), and the French National Research Agency (ANR-19-CE35-0005)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, diversification, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, peopling, Human Migration, Remote Oceania, Papuans, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Pacific migrations, Vanuatu, Lapita, Humans, genetics, DNA, Ancient, ancient DNA, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genome, Human, migrations, language contact, Genomics, residence rules, Pacific, Genetics, Population, Melanesians, assortative mating, admixture, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Polynesian outliers
Abstract: SUMMARYThe Vanuatu archipelago served as a gateway to Remote Oceania during one of the most extensive human migrations to uninhabited lands, ~3,000 years ago. Ancient DNA studies suggest an initial settlement by East Asian-related peoples that was quickly followed by the arrival of Papuan-related populations, leading to a major population turnover. Yet, there is uncertainty over the population processes and the sociocultural factors that have shaped the genomic diversity of ni-Vanuatu, who present nowadays among the world’s highest linguistic and cultural diversity. Here, we report new genome-wide data for 1,433 contemporary ni-Vanuatu from 29 different islands, including 287 couples. We find that ni-Vanuatu derive their East Asian- and Papuan-related ancestry from the same source populations and descend from relatively synchronous, sex-biased admixture events that occurred ~1,700-2,300 years ago, indicating a peopling history common to all the archipelago. However, East Asian-related ancestry proportions differ markedly across islands, suggesting that the Papuan-related population turnover was geographically uneven. Furthermore, we detect Polynesian ancestry arriving ~600-1,000 years ago to South Vanuatu in both Polynesian- and non-Polynesian-speaking populations. Lastly, we provide evidence for a tendency of spouses to carry similar genetic ancestry, when accounting for relatedness avoidance. The signal is not driven by strong genetic effects of specific loci or trait-associated variants, suggesting that it results instead from social assortative mating. Altogether, our findings provide insight into both the genetic history of ni-Vanuatu populations and how sociocultural processes have shaped the diversity of their genomes.
Published: 2022

22. Maternal effects on the development of vocal communication in wild chimpanzees

Author: Bründl, Aisha, Girard-Buttoz, Cédric, Bortolato, Tatiana, Samuni, Liran, Grampp, Mathilde, Löhrich, Therese, Tkaczynski, Patrick, Wittig, Roman, Crockford, Catherine, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Faculté des sciences de la vie, Université de Strasbourg, Inkawu Vervet Project KwaZulu-Natal, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, Multidisciplinary
Abstract: Early-life experiences, such as maternal care received, influence adult social integration and survival. We examine what changes to social behavior through ontogeny lead to these lifelong effects, particularly whether early-life maternal environment impacts the development of social communication. Chimpanzees experience prolonged social communication development. Focusing on a central communicative trait, the "pant-hoot" contact call used to solicit social engagement, we collected cross-sectional data on wild chimpanzees (52 immatures and 36 mothers). We assessed early-life socioecological impacts on pant-hoot rates across development, specifically: mothers' gregariousness, age, pant-hoot rates and dominance rank, maternal loss, and food availability, controlling for current maternal effects. We found that early-life maternal gregariousness correlated positively with offspring pant-hoot rates, while maternal loss led to reduced pant-hoot rates across development. Males had steeper developmental trajectories in pant-hoot rates than females. We demonstrate the impact of maternal effects on developmental trajectories of a rarely investigated social trait, vocal production.
Published: 2022

23. What makes inventions become traditions?

Author: Susan Perry, Alecia Carter, Jacob G. Foster, Sabine Nöbel, Marco Smolla, Department of Anthropology [Univ California Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of California (UC), Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: Cultural Studies, social learning, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), cultural diffusion, Anthropology, cultural change, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, innovation
Abstract: Although anthropology was the first academic discipline to investigate cultural change, many other disciplines have made noteworthy contributions to understanding what influences the adoption of new behaviors. Drawing on a broad, interdisciplinary literature covering both humans and nonhumans, we examine ( a) which features of behavioral traits make them more transmissible, ( b) which individual characteristics of inventors promote copying of their inventions, ( c) which characteristics of individuals make them more prone to adopting new behaviors, ( d) which characteristics of dyadic relationships promote cultural transmission, ( e) which properties of groups (e.g., network structures) promote transmission of traits, and ( f) which characteristics of groups promote retention, rather than extinction, of cultural traits. One of anthropology's strengths is its readiness to adopt and improve theories and methods from other disciplines, integrating them into a more holistic approach; hence, we identify approaches that might be particularly useful to biological and cultural anthropologists, and knowledge gaps that should be filled.
Published: 2022

24. Sex and dominance

Author: Peter M. Kappeler, Elise Huchard, Alice Baniel, Charlotte Canteloup, Marie J. E. Charpentier, Leveda Cheng, Eve Davidian, Julie Duboscq, Claudia Fichtel, Charlotte K. Hemelrijk, Oliver P. Höner, Lee Koren, Jérôme Micheletta, Lea Prox, Tommaso Saccà, Lauren Seex, Nikolaos Smit, Martin Surbeck, Erica van de Waal, Cédric Girard-Buttoz, Theoretical Research in Evolutionary Life Sciences, Hemelrijk group, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Centre, Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Mawana Game Reserve, Harvard University, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], Bar-Ilan University [Israël], University of Portsmouth, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, mammals, hierarchy, methodology, dominance, sex, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The causes and consequences of being in a particular dominance position have been illuminated in various animal species, and new methods to assess dominance relationships and to describe the structure of dominance hierarchies have been developed in recent years. Most research has focused on same-sex relationships, however, so that intersexual dominance relationships and hierarchies including both sexes have remained much less studied. In particular, different methods continue to be employed to rank males and females along a dominance hierarchy, and sex biases in dominance are still widely regarded as simple byproducts of sexual size dimorphism. However, males and females regularly compete over similar resources when living in the same group, and sexual conflict takes a variety of forms across Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 01 frontiersin.org Kappeler et al. 10.3389/fevo.2022.918773 societies. These processes affect the fitness of both sexes, and are mitigated by intersexual hierarchies. In this study, we draw on data from free-ranging populations of nine species of mammals that vary in the degree to which members of one sex dominate members of the other sex to explore the consequences of using different criteria and procedures for describing intraand intersexual dominance relationships in these societies. Our analyses confirmed a continuum in patterns of intersexual dominance, from strictly male-dominated species to strictly female-dominated species. All indices of the degree of female dominance were well correlated with each other. The rank order among same-sex individuals was highly correlated between the intra-and intersexual hierarchies, and such correlation was not affected by the degree of female dominance. The relative prevalence of aggression and submission was sensitive to variation in the degree of female dominance across species, with more submissive signals and fewer aggressive acts being used in societies where female dominance prevails. Thus, this study provides important insights and key methodological tools to study intersexual dominance relationships in mammals.
Published: 2022

25. Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs

Author: Anders Bergström, David W. G. Stanton, Ulrike H. Taron, Laurent Frantz, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Erik Ersmark, Saskia Pfrengle, Molly Cassatt-Johnstone, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Linus Girdland-Flink, Daniel M. Fernandes, Morgane Ollivier, Leo Speidel, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Michael V. Westbury, Jazmin Ramos-Madrigal, Tatiana R. Feuerborn, Ella Reiter, Joscha Gretzinger, Susanne C. Münzel, Pooja Swali, Nicholas J. Conard, Christian Carøe, James Haile, Anna Linderholm, Semyon Androsov, Ian Barnes, Chris Baumann, Norbert Benecke, Hervé Bocherens, Selina Brace, Ruth F. Carden, Dorothée G. Drucker, Sergey Fedorov, Mihály Gasparik, Mietje Germonpré, Semyon Grigoriev, Pam Groves, Stefan T. Hertwig, Varvara V. Ivanova, Luc Janssens, Richard P. Jennings, Aleksei K. Kasparov, Irina V. Kirillova, Islam Kurmaniyazov, Yaroslav V. Kuzmin, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Martina Lázničková-Galetová, Charlotte Leduc, Pavel Nikolskiy, Marc Nussbaumer, Cóilín O’Drisceoil, Ludovic Orlando, Alan Outram, Elena Y. Pavlova, Angela R. Perri, Małgorzata Pilot, Vladimir V. Pitulko, Valerii V. Plotnikov, Albert V. Protopopov, André Rehazek, Mikhail Sablin, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Jan Storå, Christian Verjux, Victor F. Zaibert, Grant Zazula, Philippe Crombé, Anders J. Hansen, Eske Willerslev, Jennifer A. Leonard, Anders Götherström, Ron Pinhasi, Verena J. Schuenemann, Michael Hofreiter, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Beth Shapiro, Greger Larson, Johannes Krause, Love Dalén, Pontus Skoglund, Bergström, Anders [0000-0002-4096-9268], Frantz, Laurent [0000-0001-8030-3885], Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S [0000-0003-1371-219X], Lebrasseur, Ophélie [0000-0003-0687-8538], Fernandes, Daniel M [0000-0002-7434-6552], Ollivier, Morgane [0000-0002-8361-4221], Westbury, Michael V [0000-0003-0478-3930], Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmin [0000-0002-1661-7991], Feuerborn, Tatiana R [0000-0003-1610-3402], Conard, Nicholas J [0000-0002-4633-0385], Haile, James [0000-0002-8521-8337], Linderholm, Anna [0000-0002-1613-9926], Barnes, Ian [0000-0001-8322-6918], Baumann, Chris [0000-0002-1001-8621], Bocherens, Hervé [0000-0002-0494-0126], Brace, Selina [0000-0003-2126-6732], Drucker, Dorothée G [0000-0003-0854-4371], Germonpré, Mietje [0000-0001-8865-0937], Jennings, Richard P [0000-0001-9996-7518], Kuzmin, Yaroslav V [0000-0002-4512-2269], Orlando, Ludovic [0000-0003-3936-1850], Outram, Alan [0000-0003-3360-089X], Perri, Angela R [0000-0002-4349-1060], Plotnikov, Valerii V [0000-0002-4870-3499], Sablin, Mikhail [0000-0002-2773-7454], Crombé, Philippe [0000-0002-4198-8057], Hansen, Anders J [0000-0002-1890-2702], Willerslev, Eske [0000-0002-7081-6748], Leonard, Jennifer A [0000-0003-0291-7819], Pinhasi, Ron [0000-0003-1629-8131], Shapiro, Beth [0000-0002-2733-7776], Larson, Greger [0000-0002-4092-0392], Krause, Johannes [0000-0001-9144-3920], Dalén, Love [0000-0001-8270-7613], Skoglund, Pontus [0000-0002-3021-5913], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, The Francis Crick Institute [London], Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Trinity College Dublin, University of Greenland, University of Tübingen, University of Oxford, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Texas A&M University System, Stockholm University, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), German Archaeological Institute (DAI), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), North-Eastern Federal University, School of Archaeology, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Vienna [Vienna], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], This work was supported by grants to P. Skoglund from the European Research Council (grant no. 852558), the Erik Philip Sörensen Foundation and the Science for Life Laboratory, Swedish Biodiversity Program, made available by support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. A.B., L.S., P. Swali and P. Skoglund were supported by Francis Crick Institute core funding (FC001595) from Cancer Research UK, the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust. P. Skoglund was also supported by the Vallee Foundation, the European Molecular Biology Organisation and the Wellcome Trust (217223/Z/19/Z). Computations were supported by SNIC-UPPMAX. We also acknowledge support from Science for Life Laboratory, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the National Genomics Infrastructure funded by the Swedish Research Council and the Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science for assistance with massively parallel sequencing and access to the UPPMAX computational infrastructure. We thank the Yukon gold mining community and First Nations, including the Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in, for continued support of our palaeontology research in the Yukon Territories, Canada. We thank the Danish National High-Throughput Sequencing Centre and BGI-Europe for assistance in sequencing data generation and the Danish National Supercomputer for Life Sciences–Computerome (https://computerome.dtu.dk) for computational resources. We thank National Museum Wales for continued sampling support. M. Germonpré acknowledges support from the Brain.be 2.0 ICHIE project (BELSPO B2/191/P2/ICHIE). M.T.P.G. was supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 681396). M.-H.S.S. was supported by the Velux Foundations through the Qimmeq Project, the Aage og Johanne Louis-Hansens Fond and the Independent Research Fund Denmark (8028-00005B). L.D. acknowledges support from FORMAS (2018-01640). D.W.G.S. received funding for this project from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 796877. M.P. was supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange–NAWA (grant no. PPN/PPO/2018/1/00037). V.J.S. was supported by the University of Zurich’s University Research Priority Program ‘Evolution in Action: From Genomes to Ecosystems’. This research was done with the participation of ZIN RAS (grant no. 075-15-2021-1069). We are grateful to the museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS (Ekaterinburg, Russia) for provision of samples. R.P.J. and C.O’D. were supported by the Standing Committee for Archaeology of the Royal Irish Academy through the Archaeological Excavation Research Grant Scheme. E.Y.P., P.N. and V.V.P. are supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 16-18-10265-RNF and 21-18-00457-RNF). Y.V.K. was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 20-17-00033). M.H. was supported by the European Research Council (consolidator grant GeneFlow no. 310763). M.L.-G. was supported by the Czech Science Foundation GAČR (grant no. 15-06446S) and institutional financing of the Moravian Museum from the Czech Ministry of Culture (IP DKRVO 2019-2023, MK000094862). L.S. is supported by the Sir Henry Wellcome fellowship (220457/Z/20/Z). We thank Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart for sample access. L.F. and G.L. were supported by European Research Council grants (ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD and ERC-2019-StG-853272-PALAEOFARM) and Natural Environmental Research Council grants (NE/K005243/1, NE/K003259/1, NE/S007067/1 and NE/S00078X/1). L.F. was also supported by the Wellcome Trust (210119/Z/18/Z). This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust (FC001595). For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission., Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences and Geography, and Faculty of Science
Subjects: History, RUSSIAN FEDERATION, 631/158/2464, CANIS LUPUS, ANIMAL EXPERIMENT, Domestication, Ecology,Evolution & Ethology, MIDDLE EAST, DOG, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, CANID, WOLF, Multidisciplinary, Genome, ORIGIN, article, 45/77, Genomics, CC, ADMIXTURE, CONTAMINATION, Europe, GENOME, EXTINCTION, DOGS, COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME, Genetics & Genomics, NATURAL SELECTION, 1171 Geosciences, AFRICA, EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA, GENETICS, SIBERIA, General Science & Technology, PHYLOGENY, PLEISTOCENE, LIBRARY PREPARATION, 45/23, Infectious Disease, ANCESTRY, SEQUENCE, EURASIA, Ancient, TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, 631/181/27, Middle East, QH301, Dogs, UPPER PLEISTOCENE, Genetic, EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY, WOLVES, GENE MUTATION, ANCIENT DNA, Animals, NONHUMAN, 631/181/457, DNA, Ancient, Selection, Genetic, ARTICLE, Selection, QH426, QL, Wolves, History and Archaeology, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, ANIMALS, Biology and Life Sciences, DNA, ANIMAL, GENE, Siberia, CONTROLLED STUDY, DOMESTICATION, 631/181/2474, Africa, Mutation, North America, 570 Life sciences, biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, GENOMICS
Abstract: The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived1–8. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located. © 2022, The Author(s). 8028-00005B; IP DKRVO 2019-2023, MK000094862; 220457/Z/20/Z, ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD, ERC-2019-StG-853272-PALAEOFARM; 075-15-2021-1069; European Molecular Biology Organization, EMBO: 217223/Z/19/Z; Vallee Foundation; Velux Fonden; Wellcome Trust, WT; Francis Crick Institute, FCI: FC001595; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 796877; Medical Research Council, MRC; Natural Environment Research Council, NERC: 210119/Z/18/Z, NE/K003259/1, NE/K005243/1, NE/S00078X/1, NE/S007067/1; Cancer Research UK, CRUK; European Research Council, ERC: 852558; Grantová Agentura České Republiky, GA ČR: 15-06446S; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas: 2018-01640; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Vetenskapsrådet, VR: 681396, BELSPO B2/191/P2/ICHIE; Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 16-18-10265-RNF, 20-17-00033, 21-18-00457-RNF, 310763; Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA: PPN/PPO/2018/1/00037 This work was supported by grants to P. Skoglund from the European Research Council (grant no. 852558), the Erik Philip Sörensen Foundation and the Science for Life Laboratory, Swedish Biodiversity Program, made available by support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. A.B., L.S., P. Swali and P. Skoglund were supported by Francis Crick Institute core funding (FC001595) from Cancer Research UK, the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust. P. Skoglund was also supported by the Vallee Foundation, the European Molecular Biology Organisation and the Wellcome Trust (217223/Z/19/Z). Computations were supported by SNIC-UPPMAX. We also acknowledge support from Science for Life Laboratory, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the National Genomics Infrastructure funded by the Swedish Research Council and the Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science for assistance with massively parallel sequencing and access to the UPPMAX computational infrastructure. We thank the Yukon gold mining community and First Nations, including the Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in, for continued support of our palaeontology research in the Yukon Territories, Canada. We thank the Danish National High-Throughput Sequencing Centre and BGI-Europe for assistance in sequencing data generation and the Danish National Supercomputer for Life Sciences–Computerome ( https://computerome.dtu.dk ) for computational resources. We thank National Museum Wales for continued sampling support. M. Germonpré acknowledges support from the Brain.be 2.0 ICHIE project (BELSPO B2/191/P2/ICHIE). M.T.P.G. was supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 681396). M.-H.S.S. was supported by the Velux Foundations through the Qimmeq Project, the Aage og Johanne Louis-Hansens Fond and the Independent Research Fund Denmark (8028-00005B). L.D. acknowledges support from FORMAS (2018-01640). D.W.G.S. received funding for this project from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 796877. M.P. was supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange–NAWA (grant no. PPN/PPO/2018/1/00037). V.J.S. was supported by the University of Zurich’s University Research Priority Program ‘Evolution in Action: From Genomes to Ecosystems’. This research was done with the participation of ZIN RAS (grant no. 075-15-2021-1069). We are grateful to the museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS (Ekaterinburg, Russia) for provision of samples. R.P.J. and C.O’D. were supported by the Standing Committee for Archaeology of the Royal Irish Academy through the Archaeological Excavation Research Grant Scheme. E.Y.P., P.N. and V.V.P. are supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 16-18-10265-RNF and 21-18-00457-RNF). Y.V.K. was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 20-17-00033). M.H. was supported by the European Research Council (consolidator grant GeneFlow no. 310763). M.L.-G. was supported by the Czech Science Foundation GAČR (grant no. 15-06446S) and institutional financing of the Moravian Museum from the Czech Ministry of Culture (IP DKRVO 2019-2023, MK000094862). L.S. is supported by the Sir Henry Wellcome fellowship (220457/Z/20/Z). We thank Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart for sample access. L.F. and G.L. were supported by European Research Council grants (ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD and ERC-2019-StG-853272-PALAEOFARM) and Natural Environmental Research Council grants (NE/K005243/1, NE/K003259/1, NE/S007067/1 and NE/S00078X/1). L.F. was also supported by the Wellcome Trust (210119/Z/18/Z). This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust (FC001595). For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission.
Published: 2022

26. A Middle Pleistocene Denisovan molar from the Annamite Chain of northern Laos

Author: Fabrice Demeter, Clément Zanolli, Kira E. Westaway, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Philippe Duringer, Mike W. Morley, Frido Welker, Patrick L. Rüther, Matthew M. Skinner, Hugh McColl, Charleen Gaunitz, Lasse Vinner, Tyler E. Dunn, Jesper V. Olsen, Martin Sikora, Jean-Luc Ponche, Eric Suzzoni, Sébastien Frangeul, Quentin Boesch, Pierre-Olivier Antoine, Lei Pan, Song Xing, Jian-Xin Zhao, Richard M. Bailey, Souliphane Boualaphane, Phonephanh Sichanthongtip, Daovee Sihanam, Elise Patole-Edoumba, Françoise Aubaile, Françoise Crozier, Nicolas Bourgon, Alexandra Zachwieja, Thonglith Luangkhoth, Viengkeo Souksavatdy, Thongsa Sayavongkhamdy, Enrico Cappellini, Anne-Marie Bacon, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Eske Willerslev, Laura Shackelford, Demeter, Fabrice [0000-0002-1288-5534], Zanolli, Clément [0000-0002-5617-1613], Westaway, Kira E [0000-0001-5315-778X], Joannes-Boyau, Renaud [0000-0002-0452-486X], Rüther, Patrick L [0000-0003-4461-9828], Skinner, Matthew M [0000-0001-8321-3543], McColl, Hugh [0000-0002-7568-4270], Olsen, Jesper V [0000-0002-4747-4938], Zhao, Jian-Xin [0000-0002-2413-6178], Bailey, Richard M [0000-0002-4566-843X], Bourgon, Nicolas [0000-0001-8538-1903], Cappellini, Enrico [0000-0001-7885-7811], Hublin, Jean-Jacques [0000-0001-6283-8114], Shackelford, Laura [0000-0002-0934-2360], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Collège de France - Chaire internationale Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Collège de France - Chaire Paléoanthropologie, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Fossils, 82/58, article, General Physics and Astronomy, Bayes Theorem, Hominidae, General Chemistry, 631/181/19/2471, Molar, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 631/181/27, Hominidae/anatomy & histology, stomatognathic system, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Laos, 59/78, 631/337/475, Animals, Humans, 631/181/414, Female
Abstract: The Pleistocene presence of the genus Homo in continental Southeast Asia is primarily evidenced by a sparse stone tool record and rare human remains. Here we report a Middle Pleistocene hominin specimen from Laos, with the discovery of a molar from the Tam Ngu Hao 2 (Cobra Cave) limestone cave in the Annamite Mountains. The age of the fossil-bearing breccia ranges between 164–131 kyr, based on the Bayesian modelling of luminescence dating of the sedimentary matrix from which it was recovered, U-series dating of an overlying flowstone, and U-series–ESR dating of associated faunal teeth. Analyses of the internal structure of the molar in tandem with palaeoproteomic analyses of the enamel indicate that the tooth derives from a young, likely female, Homo individual. The close morphological affinities with the Xiahe specimen from China indicate that they belong to the same taxon and that Tam Ngu Hao 2 most likely represents a Denisovan.
Published: 2022

27. Ancient DNA gives new insights into a Norman Neolithic monumental cemetery dedicated to male elites

Author: Maïté Rivollat, Aline Thomas, Emmanuel Ghesquière, Adam Benjamin Rohrlach, Ellen Späth, Marie-Hélène Pemonge, Wolfgang Haak, Philippe Chambon, Marie-France Deguilloux, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Nantes Université - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (Nantes Univ - UFR HHAA), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), University of Adelaide, 2017-2018, Fondation Fyssen, ANR-17-FRAL-0010, ANR / DFG, 771234 - PALEoRIDER, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, and ANR-17-FRAL-0010,INTERACT,Interactions entre groupes humains en Europe de l'Ouest durant la transition Mésolithique-Néolithique: la double perspective des échanges biologiques et culturels(2017)
Subjects: Male, Multidisciplinary, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Burial, History and Archaeology, Genomics, Middle Neolithic, monumental graves, DNA, Mitochondrial, Normandy, Archaeology, Humans, Cemeteries, Female, DNA, Ancient, ancient DNA, patrilineality, History, Ancient
Abstract: The Middle Neolithic in western Europe is characterized by monumental funerary structures, known as megaliths, along the Atlantic façade. The first manifestations of this phenomenon occurred in modern-day France with the long mounds of the Cerny culture. Here, we present genome-wide data from the fifth-millennium BCE site of Fleury-sur-Orne in Normandy (France), famous for its impressively long monuments built for selected individuals. The site encompasses 32 monuments of variable sizes, containing the burials of 19 individuals from the Neolithic period. To address who was buried at the site, we generated genome-wide data for 14 individuals, of whom 13 are males, completing previously published data [M. Rivollat et al., Sci. Adv. 6, eaaz5344 (2020)]. Population genetic and Y chromosome analyses show that the Fleury-sur-Orne group fits within western European Neolithic genetic diversity and that the arrival of a new group is detected after 4,000 calibrated BCE. The results of analyzing uniparentally inherited markers and an overall low number of long runs of homozygosity suggest a patrilineal group practicing female exogamy. We find two pairs of individuals to be father and son, buried together in the same monument/grave. No other biological relationship can link monuments together, suggesting that each monument was dedicated to a genetically independent lineage. The combined data and documented father–son line of descent suggest a male-mediated transmission of sociopolitical authority. However, a single female buried with an arrowhead, otherwise considered a symbol of power of the male elite of the Cerny culture, questions a strictly biological sex bias in the burial rites of this otherwise “masculine” monumental cemetery. Data Overview Genetic Identity, Demographic History Genetic Relatedness, Spatial Organization, and Social Inferences Concluding Remarks Materials and Methods
Published: 2022

28. Age and formation processes of an Acheulean site with extensive accumulation of large cutting tools: Garba I (Melka Kunture, Upper Awash, Ethiopia)

Author: Sol Sánchez-Dehesa Galán, Eduardo Méndez-Quintas, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Luca di Bianco, Raymonde Bonnefille, Elisa Brunelli, Denis Geraads, Rita Melis, Andrea Serodio Domínguez, Pierre Voinchet, Margherita Mussi, Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche e Antropologiche dell'Antichità, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Italo-Spanish Archaeological Mission at Melka Kunture and Balchit, Grupo de Estudos de Arqueoloxía, Antigüidade e Territorio (GEAAT), Universidade de Vigo, Instituto de Evolución en África, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
Subjects: Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Anthropology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

29. Bo-NO-bouba-kiki: picture-word mapping but no spontaneous sound symbolic speech-shape mapping in a language trained bonobo

Author: Konstantina Margiotoudi, Manuel Bohn, Natalie Schwob, Jared Taglialatela, Friedemann Pulvermüller, Amanda Epping, Ken Schweller, Matthias Allritz, Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Kennesaw State University (KSU), Humboldt University Of Berlin, Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative, University of St Andrews [Scotland], European Project: 609819,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,SOMICS(2015), European Research Council, University of St Andrews. Organic Semiconductor Centre, and University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
Subjects: Male, Kanzi, BF Psychology, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, BF, bouba-kiki, Language evolution, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Neuroscience and Cognition, Neuroscience and cognition cognition, sound symbolism, Research articles, Phonetics, evolution, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, Speech, Neuroscience and cognition, Research Articles, Phylogeny, General Environmental Science, Language, QL, General Immunology and Microbiology, Sound symbolism, DAS, Hominidae, General Medicine, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie, QL Zoology, Pan paniscus, language evolution, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Bouba-kiki, behaviour sound symbolism
Abstract: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy through EXC 2025/1 ‘Matters of Activity (MoA)’ and by the ‘The Sound of Meaning (SOM)’, Pu 97/22–1 and ‘Phonological Networks (PhoNet)’, Pu 97/25-1. K.M. was supported by the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, by the Onassis foundation, and by the Fyssen foundation. M.A. was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 609819, SOMICS. Humans share the ability to intuitively map ‘sharp’ or ‘round’ pseudowords, such as ‘bouba’ versus ‘kiki’, to abstract edgy versus round shapes, respectively. This effect, known as sound symbolism, appears early in human development. The phylogenetic origin of this phenomenon, however, is unclear: are humans the only species capable of experiencing correspondences between speech sounds and shapes, or could similar effects be observed in other animals? Thus far, evidence from an implicit matching experiment failed to find evidence of this sound symbolic matching in great apes, suggesting its human uniqueness. However, explicit tests of sound symbolism have never been conducted with nonhuman great apes. In the present study, a language-competent bonobo completed a cross-modal matching-to-sample task in which he was asked to match spoken English words to pictures, as well as ‘sharp’ or ‘round’ pseudowords to shapes. Sound symbolic trials were interspersed among English words. The bonobo matched English words to pictures with high accuracy, but did not show any evidence of spontaneous sound symbolic matching. Our results suggest that speech exposure/comprehension alone cannot explain sound symbolism. This lends plausibility to the hypothesis that biological differences between human and nonhuman primates could account for the putative human specificity of this effect. Publisher PDF
Published: 2022

30. The origin of early Acheulean expansion in Europe 700 ka ago: new findings at Notarchirico (Italy)

Author: Moncel, Marie-Hélène, Santagata, Carmen, Pereira, Alison, Nomade, Sébastien, Voinchet, Pierre, Bahain, Jean-Jacques, Daujeard, Camille, Curci, Antonio, Lemorini, Cristina, HARDY, Bruce, Eramo, Giacomo, Berto, Claudio, Raynal, Jean-Paul, Arzarello, Marta, Mecozzi, Beniamino, Iannucci, Alessio, Sardella, Raffaele, Allegretta, Ignazio, Delluniversità, Emanuela, Terzano, Roberto, Dugas, Pauline, Jouanic, Gwenolé, Queffelec, Alain, D’Andrea, Andrea, Valentini, Rosario, Minucci, Eleonora, Carpentiero, Laura, Piperno, Marcello, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Moncel, M. -H., Santagata, C., Pereira, A., Nomade, S., Voinchet, P., Bahain, J. -J., Daujeard, C., Curci, A., Lemorini, C., Hardy, B., Eramo, G., Berto, C., Raynal, J. -P., Arzarello, M., Mecozzi, B., Iannucci, A., Sardella, R., Allegretta, I., Delluniversita, E., Terzano, R., Dugas, P., Jouanic, G., Queffelec, A., D'Andrea, A., Valentini, R., Minucci, E., Carpentiero, L., Piperno, M., Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole française de Rome (EFR), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Bologne, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Kenyon college (USA), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), University of Warsaw (UW), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Naples, Museo Civico Biagio Greco, Mondragone, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Evolution, Palaeontology, Science, geochronology, taphonomy, Socio-culturale, acheulean, Article, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Environmental sciences, lower paleolithic, Archaeology, Italy, mammals, fauna, pleistocene, Medicine, Notarchirico, Acheuléen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Notarchirico (Southern Italy) has yielded the earliest evidence of Acheulean settlement in Italy and four older occupation levels have recently been unearthed, including one with bifaces, extending the roots of the Acheulean in Italy even further back in time. New 40Ar/39Ar on tephras and ESR dates on bleached quartz securely and accurately place these occupations between 695 and 670 ka (MIS 17), penecontemporaneous with the Moulin-Quignon and la Noira sites (France). These new data demonstrate a very rapid expansion of shared traditions over Western Europe during a period of highly variable climatic conditions, including interglacial and glacial episodes, between 670 and 650 (i.e., MIS17/MIS16 transition). The diversity of tools and activities observed in these three sites shows that Western Europe was populated by adaptable hominins during this time. These conclusions question the existence of refuge areas during intense glacial stages and raise questions concerning understudied migration pathways, such as the Sicilian route.
Published: 2020

31. Maternal effects on offspring growth indicate post-weaning juvenile dependence in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus)

Author: Roman M. Wittig, Tobias Deschner, Therese Löhrrich, Catherine Crockford, Patrick J. Tkaczynski, Liran Samuni, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Offspring, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Female dominance, Orphan, 03 medical and health sciences, Lactation, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, lcsh:Zoology, medicine, Weaning, Juvenile, ddc:610, lcsh:QL1-991, Sibling, Life history, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Hominin evolution, Research, Maternal effect, Muscle mass, Altricial, medicine.anatomical_structure, Creatinine, Animal Science and Zoology, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit, Demography
Abstract: Background In animals with altricial offspring, most growth occurs after birth and may be optimized by post-natal maternal care. Maternal effects on growth may be influenced by individual characteristics of the mothers, such as social status, individual investment strategies and the length of association with offspring. The prolonged juvenile dependence seen in humans is a distinctive life history adaptation, which may have evolved to facilitate sustained somatic and brain growth. In chimpanzees, offspring are typically weaned at approximately 4 years old, yet immature individuals continue to associate with their mothers for up to 10 years beyond weaning. Whether this lengthy association or the individual characteristics of mothers influences growth patterns in this species is not clear. The relationship between urinary creatinine and specific gravity is an established non-invasive measure of muscle mass in humans and chimpanzees. We analysed the urinary creatinine and specific gravity of 1318 urine samples from 70 wild chimpanzees from the Taï Forest, Ivory Coast aged 4 to 15 years. Results We showed a clear increase in urinary creatinine levels with age in both males and females, replicating established growth curves in this species and reaffirming this measure as a reliable proxy for lean body mass. Comparing those who experience maternal loss (orphans) with non-orphan chimpanzees, maternal presence beyond weaning age and into late juvenility positively influenced offspring muscle mass throughout ontogeny such that orphans had significantly less muscle mass than age-matched non-orphans. In age-matched offspring with mothers, those with high-ranking mothers had greater muscle mass. Accounting for variation in muscle mass attributable to maternal presence, we found no effect of maternal investment (length of inter birth interval, from own birth to birth of following sibling) on offspring muscle mass. Conclusion Chimpanzee mothers have an extended and multi-faceted influence on offspring phenotypes. Our results suggest that maternal investment extends beyond lactation and into early adulthood and has clear benefits to offspring physical development. Therefore, prolonged juvenile dependence, although unique in its form in human societies, may be a trait with deeper evolutionary origins.
Published: 2020

32. PaleoBRAIN : ressusciter le cerveau d’Homo erectus et des Néandertaliens

Author: Balzeau, Antoine, Bardinet, Éric, Bardo, Ameline, Gilissen, Emmanuel, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Gómez-Robles, Aida, Heuzé, Yann, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Hui, Jiaming, Kubicka, Anna Maria, Avila, Nicole Labra, Masi, Shelly, Mounier, Aurélien, Noûs, Camille, Pouydebat, Emmanuelle, Prima, Sylvain, Sala, Nohemi, Santin, Mathieu, Verna, Christine, Wils, Patricia, Filippo, Andréa, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of African Zoology [Tervuren], Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Department of Anthropology [George Washington University] (GW), The George Washington University (GW), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Collège de France - Chaire Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Cogitamus, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Space-timE RePresentation, Imaging and cellular dynamics of molecular COmplexes (SERPICO), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Acquisition et Analyse de Données pour l'Histoire naturelle (2AD), and ANR-20-CE27-0009,PaleoBRAIN,Ressusciter le cerveau d'Homo erectus et des Néandertaliens(2020)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; La question de la correspondance entre les caractéristiques cérébrales et endocrâniennes est cruciale pour les applications en paléoneurologie et n’a jamais été abordée. Pour ce faire, le projet PaleoBRAIN, financé par l’ANR (ANR-20-CE27-0009), va étudier pour la première fois la corrélation entre la forme du cerveau et celle de l’endocrâne au sein d’un échantillon d’humains actuels en utilisant des acquisitions par imagerie à résonance magnétique (IRM), dont certaines avec une séquence spécifique (UTE) qui permet la caractérisation des tissus osseux. Cette contribution sera décisive pour l’étude détaillée des informations neurologiques provenant d’humains fossiles. Nous reconstruirons ensuite le cerveau d’Homo erectus et le cerveau d’Homo neanderthalensis, ainsi que leurs schémas de croissance respectifs, en tenant compte des spécificités de ces espèces. Au-delà de l’analyse détaillée des relations cerveau-endocrâne pour améliorer notre compréhension de l’anatomie des hominines fossiles, plusieurs objectifs complémentaires sont abordés. Nous analyserons les modèles de variation et de corrélation entre asymétries cérébrales et crâniennes, dont celles concernant les structures internes. Nous aborderons aussi les éventuelles relations entre asymétries du cerveau et latéralisations comportementales sur le même échantillon de volontaires. Tous ces résultats, confrontés à la variation observée chez les hominines fossiles, vont documenter les connaissances sur l’évolution du cerveau et donc sur le lien généralement supposé entre forme et fonction. Nous présentons ici les méthodes, les grands axes de recherche et les premiers résultats de ce projet qui se terminera en 2025. La pluridisciplinarité et l’interdisciplinarité seront des composantes fortes de PaleoBRAIN ainsi que des conditions essentielles pour atteindre nos objectifs scientifiques. En outre, ce projet est engagé dans une politique de science ouverte : tous les ensembles de données d’imagerie virtuelle produits seront mis à la disposition d’autres scientifiques pour leurs recherches.
Published: 2022

33. Origin and mobility of Iron Age Gaulish groups in present-day France revealed through archaeogenomics

Author: Claire-Elise Fischer, Marie-Hélène Pemonge, Isaure Ducoussau, Ana Arzelier, Maïté Rivollat, Frederic Santos, Hélène Barrand Emam, Alexandre Bertaud, Alexandre Beylier, Elsa Ciesielski, Bernard Dedet, Sophie Desenne, Henri Duday, Fanny Chenal, Eric Gailledrat, Sébastien Goepfert, Olivier Gorgé, Alexis Gorgues, Gertrud Kuhnle, François Lambach, Anthony Lefort, Amandine Mauduit, Florent Maziere, Sophie Oudry, Cécile Paresys, Estelle Pinard, Suzanne Plouin, Isabelle Richard, Muriel Roth-Zehner, Réjane Roure, Corinne Thevenet, Yohann Thomas, Stéphane Rottier, Marie-France Deguilloux, Mélanie Pruvost, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ausonius-Institut de recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen âge, Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], STEPPE, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, History and Archaeology, GENOMIC HISTORY, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, DNA, ANCIENT
Abstract: Highlights•49 low coverage genomes from 27 sites from France, dated to ≈1200–80 years cal BCE•No major migration or population turnover between Bronze and Iron Age in France•A gradual North/South genetic structuration of IA populations•Evidence of individual mobility between regions and neighboring countriesSummaryThe Iron Age period occupies an important place in French history because the Gauls are regularly presented as the direct ancestors of the extant French population. We documented here the genomic diversity of Iron Age communities originating from six French regions. The 49 acquired genomes permitted us to highlight an absence of discontinuity between Bronze Age and Iron Age groups in France, lending support to a cultural transition linked to progressive local economic changes rather than to a massive influx of allochthone groups. Genomic analyses revealed strong genetic homogeneity among the regional groups associated with distinct archaeological cultures. This genomic homogenization appears to be linked to individuals’ mobility between regions and gene flow with neighbouring groups from England and Spain. Thus, the results globally support a common genomic legacy for the Iron Age population of modern-day France that could be linked to recurrent gene flow between culturally differentiated communities.
Published: 2021

34. Examining Neanderthal and carnivore occupations of Teixoneres Cave (Moià, Barcelona, Spain) using archaeostratigraphic and intra-site spatial analysis

Author: Zilio, Leandro, Hammond, Heidi, Karampaglidis, Theodoros, Sánchez-Romero, Laura, BLASCO, Ruth, Rivals, Florent, Rufà, Anna, Picin, Andrea, Chacón, M Gema, Demuro, Martina, Arnold, Lee, Rosell, Jordi, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), University of California, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Adelaide, Zilio L., Hammond H., Karampaglidis T., Sanchez-Romero L., Blasco R., Rivals F., Rufa A., Picin A., Chacon M.G., Demuro M., Arnold L.J., and Rosell J.
Subjects: Archaeology, Science, Cultural evolution, Medicine, Article, Middle Paleolithic, Neanderthals, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Teixoneres Cave (Moià, Barcelona, Spain) is a reference site for Middle Palaeolithic studies of the Iberian Peninsula. The cave preserves an extensive stratigraphic sequence made up of eight units, which is presented in depth in this work. The main goal of this study is to undertake an initial spatial examination of Unit III, formed during Marine Isotope Stage 3, with the aim of understanding spatial organization and past activities developed by Neanderthals and carnivores (bears, hyenas and smaller carnivores). The total sample analysed includes 38,244 archaeological items and 5888 limestone blocks. The application of GIS tools allows us to clearly distinguish three geologically-defined stratigraphic subunits. Unit III has been previously interpreted as a palimpsest resulting from alternating occupation of the cave by human groups and carnivores. The distribution study shows that faunal specimens, lithic artefacts, hearths and charcoal fragments are significantly concentrated at the entrance of the cave where, it is inferred, hominins carried out different activities, while carnivores preferred the sheltered zones in the inner areas of the cave. The results obtained reveal a spatial pattern characterized by fire use related zones, and show that the site was occupied by Neanderthals in a similar and consistent way throughout the ˃ 7000 years range covered by the analysed subunits. This spatial pattern is interpreted as resulting from repeated short-term human occupations.
Published: 2021

35. Chimpanzee vowel-like sounds and voice quality suggest formant space expansion through the hominoid lineage

Author: Natalie Uomini, Liran Samuni, Sven Grawunder, Cédric Girard-Buttoz, Roman M. Wittig, Tatiana Bortolato, Catherine Crockford, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 679787,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,ApeAttachment(2016), Harvard University [Cambridge], and Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC)
Subjects: evolution evolution of language, Lineage (genetic), Pan troglodytes, Voice Quality, speech, media_common.quotation_subject, evolution of language, formants, Biology, Space (commercial competition), primate, Speech Acoustics, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, chimpanzees, 0302 clinical medicine, Phonetics, Vowel, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Quality (business), 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, 10. No inequality, Research Articles, media_common, 05 social sciences, Articles, Acoustics, Common framework, behaviour, hominoid, Formant, Evolutionary biology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The origins of human speech are obscure; it is still unclear what aspects are unique to our species or shared with our evolutionary cousins, in part due to a lack of a common framework for comparison. We asked what chimpanzee and human vocal production acoustics have in common. We examined visible supra-laryngeal articulators of four major chimpanzee vocalizations (hoos, grunts, barks, screams) and their associated acoustic structures, using techniques from human phonetic and animal communication analysis. Data were collected from wild adult chimpanzees, Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Both discriminant and principal component classification procedures revealed classification of call types. Discriminating acoustic features include voice quality and formant structure, mirroring phonetic features in human speech. Chimpanzee lip and jaw articulation variables also offered similar discrimination of call types. Formant maps distinguished call types with different vowel-like sounds. Comparing our results with published primate data, humans show less F1–F2 correlation and further expansion of the vowel space, particularly for [i] sounds. Unlike recent studies suggesting monkeys achieve human vowel space, we conclude from our results that supra-laryngeal articulatory capacities show moderate evolutionary change, with vowel space expansion continuing through hominoid evolution. Studies on more primate species will be required to substantiate this.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part II)’.
Published: 2021

36. Eemian landscape response to climatic shifts and evidence for northerly Neanderthal occupation at a palaeolake margin in Northern Germany

Author: Sabine Dietel, Marie Kaniecki, Tobias Lauer, Thomas Kasper, Philipp Hoelzmann, Michael Hein, Antje Schwalb, Brigitte Urban, Marcel Weiss, Mario Tucci, Jonathan Schultz, Hans von Suchodoletz, David C. Tanner, Anton Hermann Buness, Urban, Brigitte, 2 Institute of Ecology Leuphana University of Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany, Tanner, David Colin, 3 Section 1: Seismic, Gravimetry, and Magnetics Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics Hannover Germany, Buness, Anton Hermann, Tucci, Mario, Hoelzmann, Philipp, 4 Institute for Geographical Sciences Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany, Dietel, Sabine, 5 Institute for Geosciences and Geography Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany, Kaniecki, Marie, 1 Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany, Schultz, Jonathan, Kasper, Thomas, 6 Institute for Geography Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany, von Suchodoletz, Hans, 7 Department of Geography, Faculty of Physics and Geosciences University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany, Schwalb, Antje, 8 Institute of Geosystems and Bioindication Technical University Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany, and Lauer, Tobias
Subjects: landscape evolution, Eemian, Neanderthal, Thermoluminescence dating, biology, ddc:551, Geography, Planning and Development, Eemian interglacial, Neanderthal occupation, Paleontology, ddc:554.3, pollen analysis, paleolake, Margin (machine learning), biology.animal, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften, luminescence dating, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Biology, eemian interglacia, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The prevailing view suggests that the Eemian interglacial on the European Plain was characterized by largely negligible geomorphic activity beyond the coastal areas. However, systematic geomorphological studies are sparse. Here we present a detailed reconstruction of Eemian to Early Weichselian landscape evolution in the vicinity of a small fingerlake on the northern margin of the Salzwedel Palaeolake in Lower Saxony (Germany). We apply a combination of seismics, sediment coring, pollen analysis and luminescence dating on a complex sequence of colluvial, paludal and lacustrine sediments. Results suggest two pronounced phases of geomorphic activity, directly before the onset and at the end of the Eemian period, with an intermediate period of pronounced landscape stability. The dynamic phases were largely driven by incomplete vegetation cover, but likely accentuated by fluvial incision in the neighbouring Elbe Valley. Furthermore, we discovered Neanderthal occupation at the lakeshore during Eemian pollen zone (PZ) E IV, which is chronologically in line with other known Eemian sites of central Europe. Our highly‐resolved spatio‐temporal data substantially contribute to the understanding of climate‐induced geomorphic processes throughout and directly after the last interglacial period. It helps unraveling the landscape dynamics between the coastal areas to the north and the loess belt to the south., Two phases of channel incision at the Saalian‐Eemian transition and in the late Eemian. Incisions closely followed by rising water tables. Long‐lasting phase of geomorphic stability in the mid‐Eemian, characterized by: very dense forest cover. the formation of a fingerlake within the paleochannel with gradually sinking water table. no influx of clastic sediments, but deposition of peat and lake‐marl deposits., Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004189
Published: 2021

37. From North to South: paleoenvironment according to tooth-wear analysis during the Upper Pleistocene in Bizmoune, El Khenzira and Taforalt (Morocco)

Author: Uzunidis, Antigone, Fernandez, Philippe, Bouzouggar, Abdeljalil, Barton, Nick, Humphrey, Louise, Kuhn, Steven, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), University of Oxford, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Arizona, ChroMedprogram within the Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University (no ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02and 10-LABX-0090), UISPP organization, Institut Catala Paleoecolgia humana & evolucio social (IPHES), IPHES, Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine [INSAP] - Rabat, University of Oxford [Oxford], and fernandez, philippe
Subjects: Bizmoune, Morocco, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Taforalt, Tooth wear, micro-wear, Upper Pleistocene, Diet Analysis, herbivores, Paleoenvironment, El khenzira
Abstract: International audience; Morocco is a geographically and climatically highly fragmented territory occupied for about 300,000 years by Homo sapiens. This area is currently characterized by the presence of four large mountain ranges but also plateaus, plains and coastlines subject to a Mediterranean-type and temperate Atlantic climate from the North to more open landscape in the South. The analysis of environmental parameters at a local level is therefore crucial for understanding the context and living environments of human populations. We present here a study of tooth wear analysis of different herbivores in human settlements distributed along a North-South axis in the sequences of Taforalt (Oujda region), El Khenzira (El Jadida region) and Bizmoune (Essaouira region) in order to review their diet. By considering these faunal associations and inferring the evolution of plant cover, we document paleoenvironmental variations according to the geographic distributions of theses 3 sites during the Upper Pleistocene.
Published: 2021

38. Early Middle Stone Age occupations in the atlantic southern Morocco and implications for the origins of modern human behaviour

Author: Bouzouggar, Abdeljalil, Kuhn, Steven, Clark, Amy, Fernandez, Philippe, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), University of Arizona, Harvard University [Cambridge], Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), and Harvard University
Subjects: ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

39. Small mirrors do the trick: A simple, but effective method to study mirror self-recognition in chimpanzees

Author: Sonja Jördis Ebel, Daniel B. M. Haun, Kathrin Susanne Kopp, Roman M. Wittig, Catherine Crockford, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: mirror test, cognition, 0303 health sciences, Computer science, business.industry, primates, General Medicine, Self recognition, comparative cognitive research, 03 medical and health sciences, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, QL1-991, Simple (abstract algebra), Effective method, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, mirror self-recognition, business, self-awareness, Zoology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Mirror self-recognition (MSR) is considered an indicator of self-awareness. Standardized mirror tests reveal compelling evidence for MSR in a few non-human species, including all great apes. However, substantial inter-individual variation of MSR within species resulted in an ongoing methodological controversy, questioning the appropriateness of standard MSR tests for cross-species comparisons. Lack of motivation, in particular, is discussed as one possible cause for false negative results. Here, we compare the spontaneous behavioral response of 47 zoo-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to (i) standard body-sized, stationary mirrors and (ii) small, portable hand mirrors. We predicted that the monopolizability and maneuverability of small mirrors increase the chances of identifying MSR across a larger proportion of individuals. Chimpanzees both revealed a substantially higher frequency of general mirror-related behaviors and engaged in significantly more and longer behaviors specifically indicating MSR when provided with small mirrors compared to a large mirror. Handheld mirrors provide a more sensitive measure for MSR within and likely between primate species than the traditional large mirrors, and thereby are a potentially valuable tool for studying self-awareness across species.
Published: 2021

40. Dominance style is a key predictor of vocal use and evolution across nonhuman primates

Author: Samantha J. Green, Daria Valente, Zarin P. Machanda, Erica van de Waal, Joan B. Silk, Christopher Young, Daniela Hedwig, Klaus Zuberbühler, Oliver Schülke, Lindsey Hagberg, Sally E. Street, Anna Zanoli, Mary S. M. Pavelka, Martha M. Robbins, Martin N. Muller, Chloe Chen-Kraus, Roberta Salmi, Barbara Fruth, Cristina Giacoma, Isaac Schamberg, Michelle Brown, Louise Peckre, Fredy Quintero, Richard W. Wrangham, Andrew J. J. MacIntosh, Shreejata Gupta, Gillian King-Bailey, Felix O. Angwela, Eithne Kavanagh, Stuart Semple, Zanna Clay, Melissa Emery Thompson, Claudia Wilke, Camille Coye, Julia Ostner, Cyril C. Grueter, Marco Gamba, Raffaella Ventura, Margarita Briseño-Jaramillo, Hugh Notman, Sophie Marshall, Jérôme Micheletta, Thore J. Bergman, Bonaventura Majolo, Anna H. Weyher, Megan Petersdorf, Valérie A. M. Schoof, Gabriel Ramos-Fernández, Maryjka B. Blaszczyk, Kirsty E. Graham, Adriano R. Lameira, Morgan L. Gustison, Alban Lemasson, Karim Ouattara, Alejandro Estrada, Laura M. Bolt, David Macgregor Inglis, Peter M. Kappeler, Valeria Torti, Claudia Fichtel, Barbora Kuběnová, Stéphanie Mercier, J. Roberto Sosa-López, Katharine M. Jack, Katie E. Slocombe, University of York [York, UK], Nottingham Trent University, Durham University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Yale University [New Haven], University of Exeter, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), No funding was provided specifically for the current paper, but funding which supported data collection at field sites is acknowledged in electronic supplementary material, S11., University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, Mountains of the Moon University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), School of Psychology and Neuroscience [University of St. Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland], The University of Western Australia (UWA), Harvard University, Cornell University [New York], Tulane University, Kyoto University, University of Roehampton, United Kingdom, Tufts University [Medford], University of Lincoln, Université de Neufchätel (UNIME), University of Portsmouth, Athabasca University (AU), Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire [Abidjan] (CSRS-CI), University of Calgary, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Georgia [USA], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), Abertay University (Abertay University), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), University of Pretoria [South Africa], and University of Lethbridge
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Science, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Key (music), Style (sociolinguistics), social behaviour, [SCCO]Cognitive science, biology.animal, ddc:570, Behavioral and Social Science, dominance style, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal communication, Primate, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Research Articles, Sociality, QL, Multidisciplinary, biology, communication, QH, Repertoire, 05 social sciences, DAS, QL Zoology, sociality, vocal, C800 Psychology, vocal, sociality, communication, dominance style, social behaviour, Dominance hierarchy, Dominance (ethology), communication, sociality, social behaviour, dominance style, vocal, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Animal communication has long been thought to be subject to pressures and constraints associated with social relationships. However, our understanding of how the nature and quality of social relationships relates to the use and evolution of communication is limited by a lack of directly comparable methods across multiple levels of analysis. Here, we analysed observational data from 111 wild groups belonging to 26 non-human primate species, to test how vocal communication relates to dominance style (the strictness with which a dominance hierarchy is enforced, ranging from 'despotic' to 'tolerant'). At the individual-level, we found that dominant individuals who were more tolerant vocalized at a higher rate than their despotic counterparts. This indicates that tolerance within a relationship may place pressure on the dominant partner to communicate more during social interactions. At the species-level, however, despotic species exhibited a larger repertoire of hierarchy-related vocalizations than their tolerant counterparts. Findings suggest primate signals are used and evolve in tandem with the nature of interactions that characterize individuals' social relationships. Publisher PDF
Published: 2021

41. First high resolution chronostratigraphy for the early North African Acheulean at Casablanca (Morocco)

Author: Jean-Paul Raynal, Abderrahim Mohib, Matteo Maron, David Lefevre, Giovanni Muttoni, Serena Perini, Andrea Zerboni, R. Gallotti, Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Séverine Sanz-Laliberté, Mathieu Rué, Denis Geraads, Mohssine El Graoui, Paul Fernandes, Camille Daujeard, Lionel Magoga, Jean-Philippe Degeai, Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences 'Ardito Desio', Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Ingegneria & Geologia, Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléotime, Mission archéologique Littoral-Maroc, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, ANR-11-LABX-0032,ARCHIMEDE (ARCH),Archéologie et Histoire de la Méditerranée et de l'Egypte anciennes(2011), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Evolution, Science, Lithostratigraphy, High resolution, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Article, Sequence (geology), Geography, Medicine, 0601 history and archaeology, Turning point, North african, Chronostratigraphy, Acheulean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology
Abstract: The onset of the Acheulean, marked by the emergence of large cutting tools (LCTs), is considered a major technological advance in the Early Stone Age and a key turning point in human evolution. The Acheulean originated in East Africa at ~ 1.8–1.6 Ma and is reported in South Africa between ~ 1.6 and > 1.0 Ma. The timing of its appearance and development in North Africa have been poorly known due to the near-absence of well-dated sites in reliable contexts. The ~ 1 Ma stone artefacts of Tighennif (Algeria) and Thomas Quarry I-Unit L (ThI-L) at Casablanca (Morocco) are thus far regarded as documenting the oldest Acheulean in North Africa but whatever the precision of their stratigraphical position, both deserve a better chronology. Here we provide a chronology for ThI-L, based on new magnetostratigraphic and geochemical data. Added to the existing lithostratigraphy of the Casablanca sequence, these results provide the first robust chronostratigraphic framework for the early North African Acheulean and firmly establish its emergence in this part of the continent back at least to ~ 1.3 Ma.
Published: 2021

42. Reply to Van Peer: Direct radiocarbon dating and ancient genomic analysis reveal the true age of the Neanderthals at Spy Cave

Author: Thibaut Devièse, Thomas Higham, Matthias Meyer, Grégory Abrams, Isabelle De Groote, Patrick Semal, Stéphane Pirson, Mateja Hajdinjak, Kévin Di Modica, Valentin Fischer, Michel Toussaint, Dan Comeskey, Luke Spindler, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Scladina Cave Archaeol Ctr, Universiteit Leiden, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Agence Wallonne Patrimoine, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Assoc Wallonne Etud Megalith, Université de Liège, and Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS)
Subjects: History, Neanderthal, Letter, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Extinction, Biological, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Cave, Argument, law, biology.animal, Animals, Humans, Radiocarbon dating, Stratigraphy (archaeology), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Neanderthals, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Fossils, 010401 analytical chemistry, Radiometric Dating, Genomics, Archaeology, 0104 chemical sciences, Europe, Caves, Anthropology, Northwest europe
Abstract: Elucidating when Neanderthal populations disappeared from Eurasia is a key question in paleoanthropology, and Belgium is one of the key regions for studying the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. Previous radiocarbon dating placed the Spy Neanderthals among the latest surviving Neanderthals in Northwest Europe with reported dates as young as 23,880 ± 240 B.P. (OxA-8912). Questions were raised, however, regarding the reliability of these dates. Soil contamination and carbon-based conservation products are known to cause problems during the radiocarbon dating of bulk collagen samples. Employing a compound-specific approach that is today the most efficient in removing contamination and ancient genomic analysis, we demonstrate here that previous dates produced on Neanderthal specimens from Spy were inaccurately young by up to 10,000 y due to the presence of unremoved contamination. Our compound-specific radiocarbon dates on the Neanderthals from Spy and those from Engis and Fonds-de-Forêt demonstrate that they disappeared from Northwest Europe at 44,200 to 40,600 cal B.P. (at 95.4% probability), much earlier than previously suggested. Our data contribute significantly to refining models for Neanderthal disappearance in Europe and, more broadly, show that chronometric models regarding the appearance or disappearance of animal or hominin groups should be based only on radiocarbon dates obtained using robust pretreatment methods.
Published: 2021

43. Early maternal loss leads to short-but not long-term effects on diurnal cortisol slopes in wild chimpanzees

Author: Girard-Buttoz, Cédric, Tkaczynski, Patrick, Samuni, Liran, Fedurek, Pawel, Gomes, Cristina, Löhrich, Therese, Manin, Virgile, Preis, Anna, Deschner, Tobias, Wittig, Roman, Crockford, Catherine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: endocrine system, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; The biological embedding model (BEM) suggests that fitness costs of maternal loss arise when early-life experience embeds long-term alterations to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Alternatively, the adaptive calibration model (ACM) regards physiological changes during ontogeny as short-term adaptations. Both models have been tested in humans but rarely in wild, long-lived animals. We assessed whether, as in humans, maternal loss had short-and long-term impacts on orphan wild chimpanzee urinary cortisol levels and diurnal urinary cortisol slopes, both indicative of HPA axis functioning. Immature chimpanzees recently orphaned and/or orphaned early in life had diurnal cortisol slopes reflecting heightened activation of the HPA axis. However, these effects appeared short-term, with no consistent differences between orphan and non-orphan cortisol profiles in mature males, suggesting stronger support for the ACM than the BEM in wild chimpanzees. Compensatory mechanisms, such as adoption, may buffer against certain physiological effects of maternal loss in this species.
Published: 2021

44. Earliest known human burial in Africa

Author: François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec, Emmanuel Ndiema, Belén Notario, Ian Simpson, Africa Pitarch Martí, Will Archer, David Larreina, Nikos Kourampas, Michael D. Petraglia, Patrick Roberts, Stéphan Dubernet, Nicole Boivin, Francesco d'Errico, Mary E. Prendergast, Mohammad Javad Shoaee, José María Bermúdez de Castro, Patrick Faulkner, Laura Martín-Francés, Jennifer M. Miller, Elena Santos, María Martinón-Torres, Katerina Douka, Ana Álvaro Gallo, Ceri Shipton, Pilar Fernández-Colón, James Blinkhorn, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Solange Rigaud, Simon J. Armitage, Noel Amano, Julio Mercader, Alain Queffelec, Diyendo Massilani, Alison Crowther, Jorge González García, George W MacLeod, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Department of Anthropology [University College of London], University College of London [London] (UCL), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Mixto Universidad Complutense de Madrid - Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, 07745, Germany, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), University of Bergen (UiB), Departamento de Paleontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Pan-African Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany, School of Social Science, University of Queensland, University of Queensland [Brisbane], The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Archaeology, The University of Sydney, Centre for Open Learning, University of Edinburgh, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences,University of Stirling, 3D Applications Engineer and Heritage Specialist Digital Heritage and Humanities Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, University of Calgary, Department of Earth Sciences [Nairobi], National Museums of Kenya, Seminari d’Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques (SERP), Facultat de Geografia i Història, Departament d’Història i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Department of Anthropology, Rice University, Houston, Rice University [Houston], Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK, School of Natural Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia, University of Edinburgh, School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Institution, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Human origins program, and Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution (ARCHE)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Burial, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, media_common.quotation_subject, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Art history, 01 natural sciences, Paleontología, Bone and Bones, 03 medical and health sciences, Cultural Evolution, Animals, Dentition, Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, History, Ancient, Skeleton, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Fossils, Garcia, Biological anthropology, Miller, Hominidae, Art, biology.organism_classification, Kenya, Child, Preschool
Abstract: The origin and evolution of hominin mortuary practices are topics of intense interest and debate1–3. Human burials dated to the Middle Stone Age (MSA) are exceedingly rare in Africa and unknown in East Africa1–6. Here we describe the partial skeleton of a roughly 2.5- to 3.0-year-old child dating to 78.3 ± 4.1 thousand years ago, which was recovered in the MSA layers of Panga ya Saidi (PYS), a cave site in the tropical upland coast of Kenya7,8. Recent excavations have revealed a pit feature containing a child in a flexed position. Geochemical, granulometric and micromorphological analyses of the burial pit content and encasing archaeological layers indicate that the pit was deliberately excavated. Taphonomical evidence, such as the strict articulation or good anatomical association of the skeletal elements and histological evidence of putrefaction, support the in-place decomposition of the fresh body. The presence of little or no displacement of the unstable joints during decomposition points to an interment in a filled space (grave earth), making the PYS finding the oldest known human burial in Africa. The morphological assessment of the partial skeleton is consistent with its assignment to Homo sapiens, although the preservation of some primitive features in the dentition supports increasing evidence for non-gradual assembly of modern traits during the emergence of our species. The PYS burial sheds light on how MSA populations interacted with the dead. Primary and intentional deposit Burial versus funerary caching Taxonomic assessment Implications for human cultural evolution Online content
Published: 2021

45. Accessory cusp expression at the enamel-dentine junction of hominin mandibular molars

Author: William H. Kimbel, Matthew M. Skinner, Fred Spoor, Agness Gidna, Thomas W. Davies, Zeresenay Alemseged, Clément Zanolli, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Ottmar Kullmer, Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University of Chicago, Chaire internationale Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Molar, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Tooth morphology, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Biology, Tooth development, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Subjects Anthropology, Paranthropus robustus, 03 medical and health sciences, stomatognathic system, 0601 history and archaeology, cardiovascular diseases, Australopithecus africanus, Accessory cusps, 030304 developmental biology, Taxonomy, 0303 health sciences, 060101 anthropology, Enamel paint, General Neuroscience, QH, Homo, Paleontology, Enamel-dentine junction, Hominin, 06 humanities and the arts, General Medicine, Anatomy, Taxonomy Tooth morphology, biology.organism_classification, Evolutionary Studies, stomatognathic diseases, Homo habilis, visual_art, Anthropology, Discrete traits, visual_art.visual_art_medium, cardiovascular system, Cusp (anatomy), Medicine, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Australopithecus afarensis, Paranthropus boisei
Abstract: Studies of hominin dental morphology frequently consider accessory cusps on the lower molars, in particular those on the distal margin of the tooth (C6 or distal accessory cusp) and the lingual margin of the tooth (C7 or lingual accessory cusp). They are often utilized in studies of hominin systematics, where their presence or absence is assessed at the outer enamel surface (OES). However, studies of the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) suggest these traits may be more variable in development, morphology and position than previously thought. Building on these studies, we outline a scoring procedure for the EDJ expression of these accessory cusps that considers the relationship between these accessory cusps and the surrounding primary cusps. We apply this scoring system to a sample of Plio-Pleistocene hominin mandibular molars of Paranthropus robustus, Paranthropus boisei, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, Homo sp., Homo habilis and Homo erectus from Africa and Asia (n = 132). We find that there are taxon-specific patterns in accessory cusp expression at the EDJ that are consistent with previous findings at the OES. For example, P. robustus M1s and M2s very often have a distal accessory cusp but no lingual accessory cusp, while H. habilis M1s and M2s show the opposite pattern. The EDJ also reveals a number of complicating factors; some apparent accessory cusps at the enamel surface are represented at the EDJ only by shouldering on the ridges associated with the main cusps, while other accessory cusps appear to have little or no EDJ expression at all. We also discuss the presence of double and triple accessory cusps, including the presence of a double lingual accessory cusp on the distal ridge of the metaconid in the type specimen of H. habilis (OH 7–M1) that is not clear at the OES due to occlusal wear. Overall, our observations, as well as our understanding of the developmental underpinnings of cusp patterning, suggest that we should be cautious in our comparisons of accessory cusps for taxonomic interpretations.
Published: 2021

46. Nomenclature report 2019: major histocompatibility complex genes and alleles of Great and Small Ape and Old and New World monkey species

Author: Natasja G. de Groot, Antoine Blancher, Nel Otting, Emily E. Wroblewski, Ronald E. Bontrop, Lisbeth A. Guethlein, Takashi Shiina, David H. O’Connor, Linda Vigilant, Peter Parham, Bernard A. P. Lafont, Steven G.E. Marsh, Lutz Walter, Giuseppe Maccari, James Robinson, John A. Hammond, Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement [Rijswijk, The Netherlands], Biomedical Primate Research Centre [Rijswijk] (BPRC), The Pirbright Institute, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, UCL Cancer Institute [University College London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie [CHRU Toulouse], CHRU Toulouse, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Stanford University, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Tokai University School of Medicine, German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, and Sub Theoretical Biology
Subjects: Primates, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Nomenclature, Immunology, MESH: NHP, NHP, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Biology, Major histocompatibility complex, Database, Major Histocompatibility Complex, MESH: MHC, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Terminology as Topic, Gene density, Databases, Genetic, Genetics, Animals, Copy-number variation, Allele, MESH: IPD, Gene, Nomenclature, Alleles, Phylogeny, New World monkey, Polymorphism, Genetic, Cercopithecidae, Hominidae, biology.organism_classification, humanities, Human genetics, Platyrrhini, IPD, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, MESH: Database, biology.protein, MHC, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is central to the innate and adaptive immune responses of jawed vertebrates. Characteristic of the MHC are high gene density, gene copy number variation, and allelic polymorphism. Because apes and monkeys are the closest living relatives of humans, the MHCs of these non-human primates (NHP) are studied in depth in the context of evolution, biomedicine, and conservation biology. The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD)-MHC NHP Database (IPD-MHC NHP), which curates MHC data of great and small apes, as well as Old and New World monkeys, has been upgraded. The curators of the database are responsible for providing official designations for newly discovered alleles. This nomenclature report updates the 2012 report, and summarizes important nomenclature issues and relevant novel features of the IPD-MHC NHP Database.
Published: 2019

47. New hominoid fossils from Moroto II, Uganda and their bearing on the taxonomic and adaptive status of Morotopithecus bishopi

Author: Laura MacLatchy, Alexandra Houssaye, Anthony J. Olejniczak, James B. Rossie, Tanya M. Smith, Paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: Male, 010506 paleontology, Postcrania, Mandible, 01 natural sciences, Morotopithecus, stomatognathic system, Afropithecus, Catarrhini, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animals, Uganda, 0601 history and archaeology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060101 anthropology, biology, Fossils, Holotype, 06 humanities and the arts, biology.organism_classification, Sexual dimorphism, stomatognathic diseases, Taxon, Proconsul (primate), Evolutionary biology, Anthropology, Female, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Tooth
Abstract: The early Miocene site of Moroto II, Uganda has yielded some of the oldest known hominoid fossils. A new partial mandible (UMP MORII 03'551) is notable for its long tooth row and large, narrow M2 with well-developed cristids - a morphological combination previously unknown for large bodied catarrhines of the Early Miocene and suggesting folivory. The tooth proportions are compatible with belonging to the same taxon as the maxilla UMP 62-11, the holotype of Morotopithecus bishopi; likewise, the long tooth row and vertical planum of UMP MORII 03'551 suggest that it may represent the same taxon as mandible(s) UMP 66-01 and UMP 62-10. Canine size strongly suggests UMP MORII 03'551 is a female. Comparisons of the tooth crown morphology and tooth row proportions, relative enamel thickness, enamel-dentine junction morphology, long-period line periodicity, and dental wear patterns support significant morphological, developmental, and inferred dietary differentiation, and therefore generic-level distinctiveness, among Afropithecus, Morotopithecus and the Proconsul clade. An isolated M1 (UMP MORII 03'559) is morphologically dissimilar, and much smaller than the actual or inferred size of molars in UMP MORII 03'551, UMP 66-01 and UMP 62-10, supporting the presence of two hominoid taxa at Moroto II, M. bishopi and a smaller bodied proconsulid. Given the high level of body mass dimorphism inferred for Morotopithecus and other early Miocene catarrhines, the known postcrania from Moroto II could be attributable to either taxon. However, UMP MORII 03'551 and the femora UMP MORII 94'80 derive from the same stratigraphic interval, while the isolated M1 was deposited later, increasing the likelihood that the mandible and femora are from the same individual. These new fossils expand our understanding of the taxonomic and adaptive diversity of early Miocene catarrhines.
Published: 2019

48. Pretreatment and gaseous radiocarbon dating of 40–100 mg archaeological bone

Author: Helen Fewlass, Sahra Talamo, Bernd Kromer, Edouard Bard, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Yoann Fagault, Thibaut Tuna, Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Heidelberg University, Max Planck Society, College de France, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Heidelberg, Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, Collège de France - Chaire internationale Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Fewlass H., Tuna T., Fagault Y., Hublin J.-J., Kromer B., Bard E., Talamo S., and Fewlass, Helen
Subjects: Radiocarbon dating, 0301 basic medicine, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, chemistry.chemical_element, lcsh:Medicine, Bone and Bones, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Bone material, Carbon Radioisotopes, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Extraction (chemistry), Radiometric Dating, lcsh:R, Archaeology, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Standard protocol, lcsh:Q, Carbon, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Radiocarbon dating archaeological bone typically requires 300-1000 mg material using standard protocols. We report the results of reducing sample size at both the pretreatment and 14 C measurement stages for eight archaeological bones spanning the radiocarbon timescale at different levels of preservation. We adapted our standard collagen extraction protocol specifically for
Published: 2019

49. Molecular comparison of Neanderthal and Modern Human adenylosuccinate lyase

Author: Van Laer, Bart, Kapp, Ulrike, Soler-Lopez, Montserrat, Moczulska, Kaja, Pääbo, Svante, Leonard, Gordon, Mueller-Dieckmann, Christoph, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and The Francis Crick Institute [London]
Subjects: Models, Molecular, EXPRESSION, Protein Conformation, Mutation, Missense, PROTEIN, lcsh:Medicine, DATA-COLLECTION, RAY SOLUTION SCATTERING, Article, Catalysis, Evolution, Molecular, Catalytic Domain, Enzyme Stability, Animals, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Social Change, lcsh:Science, MACROMOLECULES, Neanderthals, [PHYS]Physics [physics], lcsh:R, Adenylosuccinate Lyase, Temperature, GENOME SEQUENCE, BEAMLINE, ADSL, BIOSAXS, COMPLEXES, lcsh:Q, Crystallization
Abstract: International audience; The availability of genomic data from extinct homini such as Neanderthals has caused a revolution in palaeontology allowing the identification of modern human-specific protein substitutions. Currently, little is known as to how these substitutions alter the proteins on a molecular level. Here, we investigate adenylosuccinate lyase, a conserved enzyme involved in purine metabolism for which several substitutions in the modern human protein (hADSL) have been described to affect intelligence and behaviour. During evolution, modern humans acquired a specific substitution (Ala429Val) in ADSL distinguishing it from the ancestral variant present in Neanderthals (nADSL). We show here that despite this conservative substitution being solvent exposed and located distant from the active site, there is a difference in thermal stability, but not enzymology or ligand binding between nADSL and hADSL. Substitutions near residue 429 which do not profoundly affect enzymology were previously reported to cause neurological symptoms in humans. This study also reveals that ADSL undergoes conformational changes during catalysis which, together with the crystal structure of a hitherto undetermined product bound conformation, explains the molecular origin of disease for several modern human ADSL mutants.
Published: 2018

50. Genomic insights into population history and biological adaptation in Oceania

Author: Maximilian Larena, Guillaume Laval, Olivier Cassar, Lara R. Arauna, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Anne Boland, Mattias Jakobsson, Christine Harmant, Jean-François Deleuze, Frédérique Valentin, Mark Stoneking, Antoine Gessain, Albert Min-Shan Ko, Romain Laurent, Jeremy Choin, Laurent Excoffier, Robert Olaso, Javier Mendoza-Revilla, Paul Verdu, Sebastian Cuadros-Espinoza, Etienne Patin, Ying-Chin Ko, Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes / Oncogenic Virus Epidemiology and Pathophysiology (EPVO (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_3)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Uppsala University, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ethnologie préhistorique, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Bern, Switzerland], University of Bern, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Collège de France - Chaire Génomique humaine et évolution, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Pasteur-Roux-Cantarini fellowship, Collège de France, Fondation Allianz-Institut de France, CNRS, Ecole Doctorale 474 - FIRE-CRI-Programme Bettencourt, ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Chaire Génomique humaine et évolution, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Neanderthal, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Human Migration, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Oceania, Adaptation, Biological, Taiwan, Population genetics, Datasets as Topic, Genetic Introgression, Evolutionary genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, biology.animal, Animals, Humans, Genetic variation, education, Denisovan, History, Ancient, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Neanderthals, Islands, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Natural selection, Pacific Ocean, biology, Human evolutionary genetics, Asia, Eastern, Genome, Human, Australia, population genetics, Genomics, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Genetics, Population, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Evolutionary biology, Anthropology, Biological dispersal, 570 Life sciences, Adaptation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The Pacific region is of major importance for addressing questions regarding human dispersals, interactions with archaic hominins and natural selection processes1. However, the demographic and adaptive history of Oceanian populations remains largely uncharacterized. Here we report high-coverage genomes of 317 individuals from 20 populations from the Pacific region. We find that the ancestors of Papuan-related ('Near Oceanian') groups underwent a strong bottleneck before the settlement of the region, and separated around 20,000-40,000 years ago. We infer that the East Asian ancestors of Pacific populations may have diverged from Taiwanese Indigenous peoples before the Neolithic expansion, which is thought to have started from Taiwan around 5,000 years ago2-4. Additionally, this dispersal was not followed by an immediate, single admixture event with Near Oceanian populations, but involved recurrent episodes of genetic interactions. Our analyses reveal marked differences in the proportion and nature of Denisovan heritage among Pacific groups, suggesting that independent interbreeding with highly structured archaic populations occurred. Furthermore, whereas introgression of Neanderthal genetic information facilitated the adaptation of modern humans related to multiple phenotypes (for example, metabolism, pigmentation and neuronal development), Denisovan introgression was primarily beneficial for immune-related functions. Finally, we report evidence of selective sweeps and polygenic adaptation associated with pathogen exposure and lipid metabolism in the Pacific region, increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of biological adaptation to island environments.
Published: 2021

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